2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句课件（31张）

2019届二轮复习语法专题名词性从句课件（31张）

2019 届二轮复习语法 专题 名词性从句 考点 内容 主语从句 主语从句引导词的用法 宾语从句 宾语从句引导词的用法 表语从句 表语从句引导词的用法 考纲解读 命题规律趋势探究 命题规律 1.北京近三年高考中名词性从句的考点分布如下: 2.高考北京卷中,主要考查名词性从句的基本用法,设题方式多样。 3.高考北京卷中注重结合语境考查名词性从句的基本用法。 年份 2017 2016 2015 考点 主语从句 宾语从句 主语从句 表语从句 主语从句 宾语从句 考频分析 核心考点 考查内容 考查重点 名词性从句 主语从句 ★★★★★ 宾语从句 ★★★★☆ 表语从句 ★★★☆☆ 高考英语北京卷连续5年均对本专题有考查,设题数量稳定在2~3题,每 题1分,重点考查主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句。总体来看,考查名词 性从句遵循不偏、不怪、不难的原则。 命题趋势 突破方法 1.找出谓语动词,然后确定从句类型。 2.确定从句结构和意义是否完整。如果意义和结构完整,可从that和 whether/if中选择。 3.如果不完整,确定缺什么成分,根据所作成分和意义,确定用哪个连接 代词或连接副词。 考点知识全面总结 考点一　主语从句 一、that引导的主语从句 1.that从句作主语时,常用it作形式主语,常见的句型有: it作形式主语时,将主语从句置于句末,以保持句子平衡。主要有以下几 种: (1)It+系动词+形容词+that从句。常用于这一句型的形容词有: certain确定的　　　　　clear清楚的 important重要的　　 likely可能的 natural自然的　　 necessary必要的 obvious明显的　　 strange奇怪的 unlikely不可能的　 unbelievable难以置信的 amazing令人惊奇的 It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life.水对于生命的发展会起关键作用,这一点在当时并 不明显。 So it was fortunate that we didn ’ t have to carry him.值得庆幸的是他没让 我们抬他走。 (2)It+系动词+名词(短语)+that从句。常用于这一句型的名词(短语)有: a pity遗憾　　a shame遗憾 good news好消息　　a fact事实 an honor荣耀　　a wonder奇迹 no wonder难怪 It is a pity that you didn ’ t go to the cinema.你没去看电影真是遗憾。 It ’ s no wonder that your students made such great progress.难怪你的学生 们进步这么大。 (3)It+be+过去分词+that从句。常用于这一句型的过去分词主要有: advised建议　　 announced宣布 believed相信　　considered认为 decided决定　　 heard听说 hoped希望　　 proved证实 remembered记得　　reported报道 said据说　　 suggested建议 told告知　　 well-known熟知 For example,it can be proved that China has more people than any other country in the world.举例来说,中国人口比世界上其他任何国家的人口 都多,这是可以得到证实的。 Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen,it is now known that many of these‘monsters’which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish.虽然人们常常对水手们讲的故事付诸一笑,但现 在看来,人们有时看到的这些“妖怪”很多不过是些奇怪的鱼。 (4)It+特殊动词+that从句。常用于这一句型的特殊动词有: happen碰巧　　matter重要 It happened that she was at the entrance to the cinema then.碰巧的是,她当 时就在电影院入口处。 2.在口语和非正式文体中,that常可省略,尤其是在非常短的句子中,that 一般是不必要的,但that从句位于句首时,连接词that是绝对不能省略 的。如: It ’ s a pity(that)you ’ re leaving.你要走,真遗憾。 That we are invited to the concert this evening is good news to us.我们被 邀请去参加今晚的音乐会,这对我们来说是个好消息。 二、whether/if引导的主语从句 当主语从句放于句首时,只能用whether引导不用if;当it作形式主语,主语 从句放在句末时,用whether或if引导均可。但是如果被后置的主语从句 中含有表选择意义的or时,必须用whether。如: Whether the meeting will be held is still a problem.(主语从句放于句首)是 否要开会仍然是个问题。 It is doubtful whether/if he will come here.(主语从句放于句末)他是否要 来这里还不确定。 三、连接代词和连接副词引导的主语从句 连接代词和连接副词如what,how等引导的主语从句常用it作形式主 语。如: It makes no difference where we shall have the meeting. 我们在哪儿开会都无所谓。 It has not been decided yet who will preside over the meeting.由谁来主持 会议还没有决定。 单项填空: ( ) ①Exactly 　　     the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565. A.whether　　B.why　　C.when　　D.how ( ) ② 　　     you said at the meeting describes a bright future for the company. A.When　　B.How　　C.What　　D.That ( ) ③It is obvious to the students 　　     they should get well prepared for their future. A.as 　　 B.which 　　 C.whether 　　 D.that C C D 考点二　宾语从句 一、that引导的宾语从句 1.常见的可以接that从句作宾语的动词或动词词组有see,say,know,imag- ine,discover,believe,tell,show,think,consider,be sure,be afraid等。在可以 接复合宾语的动词之后,如think,make,consider等,可以用it作形式宾语。 如: He told me(that)he would go to college the next year. 他告诉我他下一年要去上大学。 I ’ m sure(that)he will pass the exam. 我确信他会通过考试。 We consider it necessary that he should improve his pronunciation. 他应当改进他的发音,我们认为这是必要的。 2.that从句一般不能充当介词宾语,偶尔可作except,in的宾语。如: He is a good student except that he is a little bit careless. 他是个好学生,就是有点粗心。 He differed from his classmates in that he devoted his spare time to reading. 他和他的同学不同的地方在于他把课余时间用在了读书上。 其他介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时,常用it作形式宾语。如: You may depend on it that I shall always help you. 你要相信我会一直帮助你的。 二、whether/if引导的宾语从句 1.在及物动词后 ( ✕ )I don ’ t care whether he won ’ t come.(whether从句中不能用否定式) (√)I don ’ t care whether/if he will come or not. (√)I don ’ t care whether or not he will come. ( ✕ )I don ’ t care if or not he will come.(if不与or not直接连用) (√)I don ’ t know whether to go there. 2.在介词后 在介词后常用whether,不用 if。如: It depends on whether you can do the work well. 那取决于你是否能做好这项工作。 三、连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句 1.能接连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句的动词或动词短语很多,常 见的有see,tell,ask,know,decide,imagine,suggest,doubt,wonder,show,discuss, understand,inform,advise等。如: I can ’ t imagine how he did it. 我不能想象他是如何做到的。 They couldn ’ t understand why I refused it. 他们不明白我为什么拒绝。 2.作介词宾语。如: It all depends on how we solve the problem. 这完全要看我们如何解决这个问题。 We are worrying about what we should do next. 我们正在为下一步该做什么而烦恼。 四、宾语从句的语序 在宾语从句中需用陈述句语序。例如: He asked me when we could leave the next day. 他问我第二天我们什么时候出发。 Did you find out where she lost her car? 你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗? 五、宾语从句的时态 1.主句的谓语动词是一般现在时,其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的 时态,所以宾语从句的时态应根据实际情况而定。例如: She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时) She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk.她说她会在他的桌子 上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时) She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时) 2.主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过 去时态。例如: He said that he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看那个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时) He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开 会。(从句是过去进行时) 3.当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时,其时态一般不受主句谓 语动词时态的限制,用一般现在时。例如: The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it.老师 告诉我们:世上无难事,只怕有心人。 He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光比声音传播得快得多。 注意:在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点: (1)动词find,feel,think,consider,make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后有 宾语补足语时,则需要用it作形式宾语,而将宾语从句后置。例如: I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day. 我认为我们每天喝大量的开水是有必要的。 I have made it a rule that I keep diaries. 我每天写日记成了惯例。 (2)hate,like,take,owe,have,take...for granted等表示“喜欢,痛恨,感激,认 为”的词或短语和see to表示“注意,留意”后有宾语时,需要用it作形 式宾语而将宾语从句后置。例如: When you start the engine,you must see to it that the car is in neutral.当你 启动发动机时,你一定要注意让汽车的排挡置于空挡位。 (3)介词后的宾语从句。例如: We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨 论是否让学生们加入我们的俱乐部。 (4)宾语从句的否定转移。将think,believe,suppose,expect,fancy,imagine 等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定 式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。例如: I don ’ t think your friend should take the risk. 我认为你的朋友不应该冒这个险。 (5)doubt在肯定句中其后的从句要用whether/if引导,在否定句中则要用 that引导。例如: I doubt whether/if he will come soon. 我怀疑他是否很快就到。 I don ’ t doubt that he will come soon. 他很快就会来,我毫不怀疑。 单项填空: （ ）①—Have you finished the book? —No.I ’ ve read up to 　　     the children discover the secret cave. A.which　　B.what C.that　　D.where （ ） ②Before the sales start,I make a list of 　　     my kids will need for the coming season. A.why　　B.what　　C.how　　D.which （ ）③As a new diplomat,he often thinks of 　　     he can react more appropri-ately on such occasions. A.what　　B.which　　C.that　　D.how D B D 考点三　表语从句 一、that引导的表语从句 that引导表语从句时,一般不省略。如: My decision is that all of us are to start at 6 o ’ clock tomorrow morning.我 的决定是我们所有人明天早上6点出发。 二、whether引导的表语从句 表语从句只能用whether引导,不能用if。如: My question is whether my sister will come to see me. 我的问题是我的妹妹是否会来看我。 三、连接代词和连接副词引导的表语从句 The problem is where we should stay. 问题是我们应该待在哪里。 注意:①as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面,如seem,ap- pear,look,taste,sound,feel等。例如: ...so we feel as if there is no gravity at all. …… 所以我们好像一点儿也感 觉不到引力了。 At that time,it seemed as though I couldn