【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解分话题训练　史地常识类（4篇含有解析）学案（7页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解分话题训练　史地常识类（4篇含有解析）学案（7页）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解分话题训练　史地常识类 A When it comes to body art, most of us think of tattoos, which are permanent pictures drawn on the body using colored ink. Tattoos are often used to show one’s skin and beliefs. However, tattoos and other kinds of body art are also used for very important and ceremonial reasons.‎ The most widely used form of body art is henna (花染料) painting. Painting the body with henna is practiced in a number of Asian and African countries. The leaves of the henna plant are used to paint the skin a reddishbrown color. People in Morocco, a country in Africa, use henna paint to protect themselves from evil spirits and prevent bad luck. In Sudan, henna represents happiness. Sudanese women paint henna on their bodies and hair to show how much they love their husbands. The more henna painting on a woman, the more she loves her husband. Men in Sudan also paint their bodies with henna leaves on their wedding day. Henna painting is an old tradition, but nowadays it is also becoming popular in some other parts of the world.‎ In India, people also use henna to paint beautiful and detailed patterns on their bodies. This art form has been practiced in India for centuries, mainly among women. It is commonly seen at Indian celebrations, and brides will have their hands and feet painted a few days before their wedding. Traditionally, the darker the paint is, the longer their love for their husband will last. The color rubs off after some time, so it is important for the women to paint themselves as dark as possible. Some young women in Western countries have become interested in it as a way to make themselves beautiful. In this way, traditional art forms become popular in modern society.‎ In Australia, the Aboriginals use colored clay to paint their faces and bodies for special dances and celebrations. For them, body art is an important part of celebrations. They also use body art to communicate and to express their creativity. In fact, the same kind of clay is also used to make art in caves and on rocks.‎ Some cultures have been practicing body art for thousands of years. Learning about these unique forms of cultural expressions is an interesting way of finding about other cultures and societies.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文身作为一种人体艺术，有着悠久的历史。在世界各地，人们对于文身有着不同的讲究。文章重点介绍了世界上一些国家中关于文身的风俗习惯。‎ ‎1．According to Paragraph 1, what are tattoos?‎ A．An Indian art.　　　 　B．A modern invention.‎ C．A form of body art. D．Permanent colored ink.‎ 解析：‎ 选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，当人们一谈到人体艺术，大多数人会想到文身；再结合第一段最后一句可知，文身也是一种人体艺术。故C项正确。‎ ‎2．Where do Sudanese women paint henna?‎ A．On their faces only.‎ B．On their hair and bodies.‎ C．On their hair only.‎ D．On people’s bodies during dances.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段第六句“Sudanese women paint henna on their bodies and hair ...”可知，苏丹妇女会在身上和头发上涂花染料。故B项正确。‎ ‎3．Brides in India paint their bodies ________.‎ A．to show their love B．to keep them safe C．to make them popular D．to enjoy special dances 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第四句可知，印度新娘涂染身体是为了表达对丈夫的爱。故A项正确。‎ ‎4．Which of the following statements is TRUE?‎ A．In Morocco, people use henna painting to express their creativity.‎ B．Sudanese men and women paint themselves only before wedding day.‎ C．In India, people use henna to paint their bodies because it can last forever.‎ D．Australian Aboriginals use the same clay on their bodies and in their artwork.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句和最后一句可知，澳大利亚土著居民在他们的身体上以及艺术作品上所使用的黏土是相同的。故D项正确。‎ B Preparations are underway around the world for Chinese New Year and celebrations in China will be mirrored across the planet wherever the Chinese diaspora calls home. Here are some Chinatowns for those outside of China wishing to mark the day.‎ London Although it may not be as large or as longbuilt as others, having only become a center for the Chinese community during the 1950s, London’s Chinatown is a perfectly formed little firework that knows how to see the year with a bang. Decorated with red lanterns (灯笼), London’s Chinatown has shows with acrobatics (杂技), martial arts (武术), dance and opera nearby.‎ San Francisco San Francisco’s Chinatown is perhaps the most famous in the United States. The city was the main entrypoint for Chinese who had crossed the Pacific to the USA during the early 19th century. Between the Grant Avenue and the Stockton Street, this historic area is a local treasure, attracting more visitors per year than the Golden Gate Bridge.‎ Bangkok With more than 100yearold history, the Thai capital’s Chinatown contains complex streets offering all kinds of tasty treats, clothes, toys and antiques. Sunday market days are such a good time to get the full atmosphere of the neighborhood.The area is also known for its gold dealers, whose shops line the road.‎ Mauritius Found in Port Louis, this Mauritian Chinatown shows the island nation’s rich multicultural diversity. Established in the early years of the 20th century by settlers from China, its tiny shops and restaurants serve locals and visitors. During the Chinese Spring Festival, the most exciting sight is the dragon dances on Rue Royale when Chinese musicians and dancers perform the traditional lion dances through the streets.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。春节来临之际，全球的华人都准备庆祝这一传统节日。本文介绍了海外几处唐人街的相关情况。‎ ‎5．According to the text, which of the following has the longest history?‎ A．London’s Chinatown.‎ B．Bangkok’s Chinatown.‎ C．San Francisco’s Chinatown.‎ D．Mauritius’s Chinatown.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。伦敦的唐人街建于20世纪50年代；旧金山的唐人街始于19世纪早期；曼谷的唐人街有100多年的历史；毛里求斯的唐人街建于20世纪早期。对比这四个时间可知，旧金山的唐人街是最早的，因此历史最悠久。‎ ‎6．What’s special about Bangkok’s Chinatown?‎ A．It is wellknown for its gold business.‎ B．It is crowded with Chinese restaurants.‎ C．It was the major entrance for the Chinese.‎ D．It is where you can enjoy fireworks.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据对曼谷唐人街情况的介绍中的最后一句“The area is also known for its gold dealers, whose shops line the road.”可知，曼谷的唐人街因黄金交易而出名。‎ ‎7．If you want to enjoy the dragon dances, you can go to ________.‎ A．the Chinese community in London B．the Sunday market in Bangkok C．the Grant Avenue in San Francisco D．Rue Royale in Port Louis, Mauritius 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据对毛里求斯唐人街的情况的介绍中最后一句中的“the ‎ most exciting sight is the dragon dances on Rue Royale”可知，要想看舞龙表演应去毛里求斯的皇家大道。‎ C Everglades National Park (大沼泽地国家公园) is located in the state of Florida. It is the largest wilderness in the entire country and makes up 25% of the wetlands in the state. The park is home to several rare and endangered species. It is also the third largest national park in the US, after Death Valley and Yellowstone. Each year, about 1 million tourists visit the park. On a global level, it has been announced as a World Heritage Site. ‎ Unlike most other national parks, Everglades National Park was created to protect an ecosystem (生态系统) from damage. In 1947, President Harry Truman spoke at the official opening of Everglades National Park, saying the goal of creating the park was to protect forever a wild area that could never be replaced. ‎ ‎10,000 different islands make up Everglades National Park. Each of these islands is lived by natural wildlife. The Everglades is home to about 15 species that are endangered. In addition, more than 350 bird species and 300 species of fresh and saltwater fish live within the park. The Everglades is also home to 40 species of mammals and 50 reptile species. ‎ There are many ways to explore the Everglades. Visitors can see alligators (短吻鳄) while hiking the Anhinga Trail. The Everglades is one of the only places on Earth where freshwater alligators and saltwater crocodiles live in the same area. Visitors using airboats are likely to see large groups of birds. Some visitors might enjoy riding bicycles through Shark Valley. Others may want to move slowly through waters where they can see insects and wildlife closely. ‎ According to experts, changes to the Everglades are becoming a danger to several different kinds of wildlife. They say it is a result of actions the US government began more than 50 years ago, and settlers began even earlier. ‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了作为世界文化遗产之一，位于美国佛罗里达州的大沼泽地国家公园。‎ ‎8．In the first paragraph, we’re mainly told that ________.‎ A．Florida is famous for its wetlands B．the US has three important national parks C．Everglades National Park is of great value D．Everglades National Park is popular with visitors 解析：选C　段落大意题。在第一段中，作者从多个角度来突出大沼泽地国家公园的重要性，即强调它的价值所在。‎ ‎9．How does the author describe the richness of wildlife in the park? ‎ A．By listing figures. ‎ B．By personally experiencing.‎ C．By making a comparison. ‎ D．By carrying on a study.‎ ‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段中提到的“more than 350 bird species” “300 species of fresh and saltwater fish” “40 species of mammals”和“50 reptile species”可知，作者是通过列举数据来描述大沼泽地国家公园野生动物的丰富性的。‎ ‎10．From the passage, we know that ________.‎ A．in fact Everglades National Park is a big island B．visitors are not allowed to stay in the water in the park C．President Harry Truman first suggested setting up the park D．the park is among the few places where alligators and crocodiles live together 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段第三句可知，大沼泽地国家公园是为数不多的短吻鳄和鳄鱼居住在一起的一个地方。‎ ‎11．What would be further discussed if the passage is continued? ‎ A．What the government has done to protect the park. ‎ B．How the park’s environment was badly changed. ‎ C．What readers can do to help to save the wetlands. ‎ D．How important endangered wildlife is to the world. ‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。最后一段谈到“the US government”和“settlers”的行为对大沼泽地国家公园造成了破坏， 而至于如何破坏的没有具体展开。由此可推断， 接下来文章最有可能谈大沼泽地国家公园的环境是如何被破坏的。‎ D We talk about people being “colourblind” but very few of us are. Even those who describe themselves as colourblind are normally just colour lack. A strongly colourblind person will still be able to tell 20 different colours, compared to the 100 or so that normalsighted people see.‎ Pingelap, a tiny island in the Pacific, is a beautiful spot but one that has a genetic trouble. It is known as colourblind Island because so many people who live on this remote island can only see in black and white.‎ Not being able to see in colour is bad enough. But one islander, Herrol, who’s a fisherman, also struggles in full sunlight because all he sees is a painful burntout image. “I find it difficult to go outside in the sun，” he says, “because when it’s sunny I cannot see to do my work.”‎ But if being truly colourblind is rare, why is it that around 10% of the population of Pingelap live in a totally black and white world?‎ Well, we know that in 1780 the population of Pingelap was all but wiped out by a tsunami (海啸). As few as 20 people survived, one of whom was the king. It’s believed he had a genetic fault that causes colourblindness and he passed this fault on to his many generations.‎ There is one advantage. Herrol can see well, really well, in the dark. So when it gets dark, Herrol and his friends get in their boats and hunt flying fish. They hang up flaming torches and the fish are attracted to the flames. “This type of fishing is fun，” Herrol says, “especially if we catch plenty. So even though it’s hard work we enjoy it.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。Pingelap岛因很多居民是色盲而闻名。由于统治该岛的国王是色盲，他将这一基因遗传给了后代。‎ ‎12．What is Pingelap famous as?‎ A．A tiny island.‎ B．A beautiful island.‎ C．A mentally troubled island.‎ D．A colourblind island.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，Pingelap因为岛上很多居民是色盲而出名，故D项正确。‎ ‎13．What can we infer about Herrol?‎ A．He may stay at home when it’s sunny.‎ B．He is interested in burntout images.‎ C．He likes taking photos very much.‎ D．He doesn’t live in Pingelap any more.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句Herrol所说的话可知，Herrol 发现在阳光下他无法看清东西，所以无法工作；据此可以判断，阳光充足时他可能会待在家里，故A项正确。‎ ‎14．Why are about onetenth of people in Pingelap seriously colourblind?‎ A．Because Pingelap often suffers from tsunamis.‎ B．Because the king had an unlucky marriage.‎ C．Because the king’s genetic fault played a role.‎ D．Because the king made a serious mistake.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的最后一句“It’s believed he had a genetic fault that causes colourblindness and he passed this fault on to his many generations.”可知，该岛的国王是色盲，他将这一基因遗传给了后代，故岛上很多人是色盲，故C项正确。‎ ‎15．What would be the best title for the text?‎ A．The island of colourblindness B．The disadvantage of Herrol C．The history of Pingelap D．The advantage of colourblindness 解析：选A　标题归纳题。通读全文尤其是第二段的第二句可知，本文主要介绍了色盲岛——Pingelap，故A项最适合做本文标题。‎