【英语】2020届二轮复习名词性从句讲解学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习名词性从句讲解学案

‎2020届二轮复习 名词性从句学案 ‎　　在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(Noun Clauses)。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。‎ ‎　　一. 主语从句 ‎　　主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。‎ ‎　　1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 ‎　　It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如：‎ ‎　　a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。‎ ‎　　b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.　我对你成功与否不感兴趣。‎ ‎　　c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.　谋杀案是在早上发生的。(强调句型)‎ ‎　　d) It is John that broke the window.　是John打碎的窗户。(强调句型)‎ ‎　　2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 ‎　　(1) It is + 名词 + 从句 ‎　　It is a fact that … 事实是…‎ ‎　　It is an honor that …非常荣幸 ‎　　It is common knowledge that …是常识 ‎　　(2) It is + 形容词 + 从句 ‎　　It is natural that… 很自然…‎ ‎　　It is strange that… 奇怪的是…‎ ‎　　(3) It is + 不及物动词 + 从句 ‎　　It seems that… 似乎…‎ ‎　　It happened that… 碰巧…‎ ‎　　It appears that… 似乎…‎ ‎　　(4) It + 过去分词 + 从句 ‎　　It is reported that… 据报道…‎ ‎　　It has been proved that… 已证实…‎ ‎　　It is said that… 据说…‎ ‎　　3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况：‎ ‎　　(1)if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。‎ ‎　　(2)It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ ‎　　正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week.‎ ‎　　错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said.‎ ‎　　(3)It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ ‎　　正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination.‎ ‎　　错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him.‎ ‎　　(4)It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ ‎　　正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not.‎ ‎　　错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter.‎ ‎　　(5)含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如：‎ ‎　　正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening?‎ ‎　　错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely?‎ ‎　　4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 ‎　　what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语.宾语.表语，而that 则不然。例如：‎ ‎　　a) What you said yesterday is right.‎ ‎　　b) That she is still alive is a consolation ‎　　二.宾语从句 ‎　　宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词 (及物动词) 或介词之后。‎ ‎　　1. 作动词的宾语 ‎　　(1) 由that引导的宾语从句(that 通常可以省略), 例如：‎ ‎　　I heard that be joined the army. 我听说他参军了。‎ ‎　　(2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如：‎ ‎　　a) She did not know what had happened.　她不知道发生了什么。‎ ‎　　b) I wonder whether you can change this note for me.　我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。‎ ‎　　(3) 动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。例如：‎ ‎　　She told me that she would accept my invitation.　她对我说她会接受我的邀请。‎ ‎　　2. 作介词的宾语，例如：‎ ‎　　Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.　我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。‎ ‎　　3. 作形容词的宾语，例如：‎ ‎　　I am afraid (that) I’ve made a mistake.　我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。‎ ‎　　注意：that 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语：anxious, aware, certain, confident, convinced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。‎ ‎　　4. it 可以作为形式宾语 ‎　　it 不仅可以作为形式主语，还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that 从句则放在句尾，特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。 例如：‎ ‎　　We heard it that she would get married next month. 我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。‎ ‎　　5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词 ‎　　这类动词有allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。如：‎ ‎　　正确表达：I admire their winning the match.‎ ‎　　错误表达：I admire that they won the match.‎ ‎　　6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 ‎　　有些动词不可用于“动词+间接宾语+that从句“结构中，常见的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如：‎ ‎　　正确表达：He impressed the manager as an honest man.‎ ‎　　错误表达：He impressed the manager that he was an honest man.‎ ‎　　7. 否定的转移 ‎　　若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：‎ ‎　　I don’t think this dress fits you well. 我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。‎ ‎　　三. 表语从句 ‎　　表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that… 和It is because 等结构。例如：‎ ‎　　1) The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.‎ ‎　　2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.‎ ‎　　3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.‎ ‎　　4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.‎ ‎　　四. 同位语从句 ‎　　同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。‎ ‎　　1. 同位语从句的功能 ‎　　同位语从句对于名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导，例如：‎ ‎　　1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.‎ ‎　　2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.‎ ‎　　2. 同位语在句子中的位置 ‎　　同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。例如：‎ ‎　　He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting was put off.‎ ‎　　3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别 ‎　　(1) 定语从句中的that既代替先行词，同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当句中任何成分。‎ ‎　　(2) 定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述定的性质或特征;同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。例如：‎ ‎　　1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.(他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。)(第一个that引导的从句是定语从句，that在从句中作宾语)‎ ‎　　2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.(汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。)(同位语从句，that在句中不作任何成分)‎ ‎　　高一英语名词性从句专项练习 ‎　　1.____he does has nothing to do with me.‎ ‎　　A. whatever B. No matter what C. That D. If ‎　　2. The manager came over and asked the customer how____‎ ‎　　A. did the quarrel came about B .the quarrel had come about ‎　　C. had the quarrel come about D. had the quarrel come about ‎　　3. Energy is ____makes thing work..‎ ‎　　A. what B. something C. anything D. that ‎　　4. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.‎ ‎　　A. while B. that C. when D. as ‎　　5. This is ___the Shenzhou V Spaceship landed.‎ ‎　　A. there B. in which C. where D. when ‎　　6. They have no idea at all____.‎ ‎　　A. where he has gone B. where did he go ‎　　C. which place has he gone D. where has he gone ‎　　7. The doctor did a lot to reduce the patient’s fear ____he would die of the disease.‎ ‎　　A. that B. which C. of which D. of that ‎　　8. The order came ___the soldiers ____the small village the next morning.‎ ‎　　A. that ;had to leave B. that; should leave ‎　　C. /; must leave D. when; should leave ‎　　9. ___is no possibility ____Bob can win the first prize in the match.‎ ‎　　A. There; that B. It; that C. there; whether D. It; whether ‎　　10. The question came up at the meeting_____ we had enough money for our research.‎ ‎　　A. that B. which C. whether D. if ‎　　11. Is _____he said really true?‎ ‎　　A. that B. what C. why D. whether ‎　　12.____the meeting should last two days or three days doesn’t matter.‎ ‎　　A. That B. Whether C. If D. Where ‎　　13. It worried her a bit _____her hair was turning gray.‎ ‎　　A. while B. if C. that D. for ‎　　14. ???_____more countries can use natural energy in the future remains to be seen.‎ ‎　　A. Whether B. This C. who D. If ‎　　15.____he will go to work in a mountain village surprises all of us.‎ ‎　　A. What B. That C. Whether D. If ‎　　16. ____you don’t like him is none of my business.‎ ‎　　A. What B. That C. Who D. How ‎　　17.____all the inventions have in common is ____they have succeeded.‎ ‎　　A. What; what B. That; that C. what; that D. That ; what ‎　　18. ____appeared to me that he enjoyed the food very much.‎ ‎　　A. What B. It C. All that D. That ‎　　19. It is widely ______that smoking can cause cancer.‎ ‎　　A. believed B. think C. say D. hoped ‎　　20. ____caused the accident is still a complete mystery.‎ ‎　　A. What B. That C. How D. Where ‎　　Keys:‎ ‎　　1—5 ABABC 6—10 AABAC 11—15 BBCAB 16—20 BCBAA