2018届一轮复习选修八译林牛津版Unit1Thewrittenworld学案(1)

2018届一轮复习选修八译林牛津版Unit1Thewrittenworld学案(1)

Section 2 Wordpower & Grammar 一、先学前测 I.‎‎ 重要单词 ‎1. 百万富翁 (n.)____________________ 2. 恶行，恶习 (n.)_____________________‎ ‎3. 改革，改造 (n.)__________________ 4. 威胁，恐吓 (vt.)_____________________‎ ‎5. 暴力，暴行 (n.)__________________ 6. 抵制，反抗 (vt.)_____________________‎ ‎7. 重逢，再聚 (v.)__________________ 8. 戏剧 (n.)___________________________‎ ‎9. 小说 (n.)________________________ 10. 传记 (n.)__________________________‎ II. 重要短语 ‎1. 短篇小说_______________________ 2. 科幻小说___________________________‎ ‎3. 历史小说_______________________ 4. 文学界_____________________________‎ ‎5. 意外结局______________________ 6. 对 有吸引力_______________________‎ ‎7. 成为 仆人____________________ 8. 被告上法庭 ________________________‎ ‎9. 以暴力相威胁__________________ 10. 与 再团聚________________________‎ 二、当堂检测 I.‎‎ 语法学习 否定表达 英语否定概念的表达形式大致可以分为两大类——显形否定和隐形否定。前者一般借助否定词或含否定意义的句型表达，其否定含义较为直观；后者无明显否定词，其否定含义往往靠上下文或语境来推断，较难把握。‎ 一、显形否定 ‎1、常用no和not否定词表示否定。not修饰副词或整个句子，no修饰名词或代词；no = not a/not any He is not a statesman. 他不是政治家。‎ He is no statesman. 他绝非政治家。(言下之意，他不懂政治。)‎ ‎2、用不定代词none, nobody, nothing, neither, little, few, no one 表示否定。‎ Nobody can come in without permission. 未经允许，任何人不得入内。‎ Neither of the two books is published in England.这两本书都不是英国出版的。‎ The new rules are working and few books are stolen. 新规定很管用，几乎没有书被偷走。‎ ‎3、用hardly, scarcely, barely, rarely, seldom, never, nowhere, not … at all, no longer, not any more等否定副词。‎ We have never seen each other before.我们以前从未见过面。‎ This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one can’t either. ‎ 这台车床不能再用了，那台也一样。‎ ‎4、用nor, neither … nor, but, without, unless, but for, but that, in the absence of, regardless of, instead of, short of, rather than, anything but, any more than, out of the question, would rather…than, in no case, under no circumstance, by no means, in no way, on no condition, beyond, at a loss, above, behind, against, beneath, out of, past 等介词或连词表示否定。‎ He was at a loss what to do next. 他不知道下一步该做什么。‎ I sleep with the window open unless it is really cold. 天气若不冷，我总是开窗睡觉。‎ ‎5、由dis-, il-, im-, un-, non-, anti-, under-, in-, ab-, mis-, 及 –less, -free, -proof 等词缀构成的否定词来表示。‎ Some people think it is impolite to ask someone’s age. ‎ 有些人认为询问别人的年龄是不礼貌的。‎ She mistrusts anyone in a position of authority. 她对任何有权有势的人都不信任。‎ ‎6、用avoid, ban, cancel, deny, exclude, escape, forbid, free … from, free from/of, fail, hat, ignore, lack, lose, miss, neglect, prohibit, quit, refuse, rid, stop 以及far from, off, absent, bad, bare, empty等可用于表达否定概念的词。‎ The headmaster was absent from the meeting. 校长没有来参加会议。‎ It is far from clear what he intends to do. 他打算做什么一点都不清楚。‎ Most of the students failed to go to college in his time. ‎ 他那个时代大多数学生都没有上大学。‎ ‎7、常用否定句型：too … to …, too … for …‎ He is too young to go to school. 他还不够上学的年龄。‎ That’s too much for me. 这我可受不了啦。‎ ‎8、虚拟语气表否定 You should (ought to) have done it better. 你本应做得更好。（还不够好）‎ I could have come earlier. 我本来能早点来的。（我没早来）‎ ‎9、双重否定的表达 ‎（1）、由not 加上含有否定意思的词或句子构成。‎ We were not unprepared for the disappointment. 我们对失望也不是没有思想准备。‎ ‎（2）、否定词加上without 短语。‎ He wouldn’t attend the lecture without being invited. 要是不邀请他的话，他是不会参加这个讲座的。‎ ‎（3）、否定词后跟关系词引导的含否定意义的从句。‎ There is nobody who takes no care of football matches in this city. 在这座城市，人人都关心足球比赛。‎ ‎（4）、否定词no, not, never, seldom 等后面跟until/till或unless 引导的状语。‎ She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她六点才到。‎ ‎（5）、no/not/nobody … but … 表示“没有……不适，只有……才”。‎ There is no question but he will succeed. 他会成功，这是没有问题的。‎ ‎11、含有肯定意义的某些否定句型：cannot help/choose but … （必须，不得不，只能），cannot help doing sth.（忍不住做某事）cannot ... too ...（再……也不为过，越……越好），hardly/scarcely ... when ...（刚……就……），no sooner ... than ...（刚……就……）等。‎ I cannot help but admit the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests. 虽然你的言论违反我的利益，但我不得不承认你说的对。‎ You cannot be too careful with your work. 工作越仔细越好。‎ Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop. 我们刚开始就被叫停。‎ No sooner had we sat down than we found it was time to go. 我们刚刚坐下就发现该走了。‎ ‎12、部分否定：英语中吧表示整体概念的不定代词all, both, every, 与every构成的不定代词，副词always 与否定副词not 搭配时，表示的是部分否定。而用no, neither, none, 与no构成的不定代词表示全部否定。‎ Not all the students handed in their papers. = All the students didn’t hand in their papers.不是所有学生都交卷了。‎ 二、隐形否定 此类否定既无特定句型，又无否定词，其否定含义多为习惯用语或引申义，颇为费解，也最易出错，切不可望文“生译”。‎ Catch me making the same error again. 我绝不再犯同样的错误了。‎ I dare him to jump. 我量他也不敢跳。 Keep it dark！这事不可泄露出去。‎ For all I care！ 这事我才不管呢！ It’s anyone’s guess. 这事谁也说不清。‎ She bares her age well. 她一点也不显老。‎ 三、否定表达要注意的问题 ‎1、要注意否定程度的强弱和说话者的态度。‎ He is not richer than I.‎ 他不比我富。 He is no richer than I.‎ 他和我一样，也不富。 ‎ ‎2、否定前移。‎ 在think, suppose, imagine, believe, expect, guess 等动词所接的宾语从句中，谓语动词的否定应前移到这些动词前。‎ I don’t think you are right. 我认为你错了。‎ hope 不属于该用法之列，‎ not 常放在上述动词及be afraid 之后代替一个有否定含义的从句。例如：‎ 问：Is it going to rain?‎ 肯定回答：I suppose so. 否定回答：I suppose not. 或I don’t suppose so.‎ 对于hope 和be afraid，否定回答只能说I hope not. 和I’m afraid not.‎ ‎3、“there be no doing”表示“不可能”，“无法”。‎ There is no knowing what may happen. 我们不知道会发生什么。‎ There is no denying the facts. 不可否认这些事实。‎ II. 语法练习 ‎1. I’ve tried very hard to improve my English. But by no means _____ with my progress.‎ A. the teacher is not satisfied B. is the teacher not satisfied ‎ C. the teacher is satisfied D. is the teacher satisfied ‎ ‎2. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _______ harm them.‎ A. more than B. other than C. rather than D. better than ‎ ‎3. His failure in the experiment suggested that he ______ his teacher’s proper instructions.‎ A. shouldn’t have followed B. shouldn’t follow ‎ C. mustn’t have followed D. hadn’t followed ‎ ‎4. The great changes _____ have taken place _____ carrying out the economic reform. ‎ A. may not; unless B. never; but for C could not; without D. would, besides ‎5. I didn’t expect you can finish the work in three days, ___________? ‎ A. don’t I B. do I C. can you D. can’t you ‎ ‎6. House prices have increased ______ the reach of those with average incomes.‎ A. over B. within C. beyond D. below ‎7. I must be getting fat— I can ______ do my trousers up. ‎ A. fairly B. hardly C. nearly D. seldom ‎8. It is ______ any wonder that his friend doesn’t like watching television much. ‎ A. no B. such C. nearly D. hardly ‎9. Fred is second to none in maths in our class, but he ______passed the last exam. ‎ A. easily B. hardly C. actually D. successfully ‎10. No sooner ______ the railway station than the train had started.‎ A. did I reach B. had I reached C. I reached D. I had reached ‎11. —I’d like to take a week’s holiday. —_______. You will be too busy this week.‎ A. Don’t worry B. Don’t mention it C. Pardon me D. Forget it ‎12. Having paid of all our ____, we are now ____ financial problems.‎ A. debts; free of B. money; free of C. debts; free from D. money; free for ‎13. Why do you look so sad? — There are so many problems_________.‎ A. remaining to settle B. remained settling C. remaining to be settled D. remained to be settled ‎14. ---Sorry to have taken your umbrella by _____.‎ ‎ ---You are ____. This isn’t my umbrella; it’s Henry’s.‎ A. mistaken; mistaken B. mistake; mistake ‎ C. mistake; mistaken D. mistaken; mistake ‎15. —Mary is good at English ,but she never does well in maths. —__________.‎ A. So it is with Jane B. So is it with Jane ‎ C. So does Jane D. So is Jane 三、课后总测 I.‎‎ 语法巩固 ‎1. The great changes ____ have taken place ____ carrying out the reform in our country.‎ A. may not; unless B. never; but for C. could not; without D. would; besides ‎2. Jill couldn’t ______ jokes about his baldness.‎ A. help to make B. resist making C. resist to make D. help make ‎3. I could not ______ turn to police. ‎ A. resist B. but C. except D. besides ‎4. It was owing to luck ______ judgment ______ the driver succeeded in avoiding an accident.‎ A. better than; when B. rather than; that C. other than; When D. more than; which ‎5. I ______ the truth of your remarks, although they go against my interests.‎ A. cannot but admit B. cannot but admitting ‎ C. cannot but to admit D. cannot help but admitting ‎6. The students are ___ with these two famous scientists in the lab.‎ A. too pleased to work B. too pleased that they cannot work C. only too pleased to work D. so pleased that they cannot work ‎7. I don't believe it. I think he is ______ such a thing. ‎ A. the only person to do B. the first person to do C. the last person to do D. the very person to do ‎8. The experiment is ______; it was a great success. ‎ A. far from being a failure B. far away from a failure C. more than a failure D. nothing but a failure ‎9. —Do you think our pitchers played very well yesterday? — .‎ A. They were not nervous at all B. They were still young C. They played naturally D. They couldn't have done better ‎10. —Which of these two electronic dictionaries do you like better? — .‎ A. All B. That C. None D. Neither ‎11.________in the newspaper, the USA space shuttle Columbia broke up over Texas with seven astronauts abroad.‎ A. It is reported B. Which is reported C. What is reported D. As is reported ‎12. ______snakes and drinks, but they also brought cards for entertainment when they had a picnic in the forest.‎ A. Not only they brought B. Not only they did bring ‎ C. Not only brought they D. Not only did they bring ‎13. —I did very well in the maths exam last week. —I did______. I got full marks.‎ A. no better B. no worse C. even worse D. not better ‎14. All the people ____ the case have been arrested.‎ A. had nothing to do with B. had something to deal with ‎ C. related to D. were related to ‎15. She was proud of her little sister’s talent and _____ it. ‎ A. about to develop B. bent on developing C. bent to develop D. about developing II. 完形填空 Mr Green had to travel somewhere on business, and as he was in a hurry, he decided to go by air. He liked sitting (1) _____ a window when he was flying, so when he (2) _____ the plane, he looked for a window seat. He (3) _____ all of them taken except one. There was a young man seated beside it, and Mr Green was (4) _____ that he had not taken the one (5) _____ the window. So he went towards it.‎ When he (6) _____ it, however, he saw that there was (7) _____ on it. Written in large letters, (8) _____ “This seat is kept for proper balance. Thank you.” Mr Green had (9) _____ seen such a notice before, but he thought the plane (10) _____ something very heavy in its room (11) _____ made it necessary to have the passengers properly (12) _____. So he ‎ walked on and found another empty seat, not beside the window (13) _____.‎ Two or three other people (14) _____ to sit in the window seat (15) _____ the young man, but they also read the notice and went on. Then when the plane was nearly (16) _____ a very beautiful girl (17) _____ into the plane. The young man, who was (18) _____ the passengers coming in, quickly took the notice (19) _____ the seat beside him and (20) _____ succeeded in having a pretty partner during the whole trip.‎ ‎1. A. nearly B. towards C. beside D. far from ‎2. A. got onto B. reached C. got off D. saw ‎3. A. wanted B. found C. thought D. hoped ‎4. A. satisfied B. surprised C. sad D. frightened ‎5. A. with B. had C. by D. of ‎6. A. arrived B. sat on C. reached D. left ‎7. A. a notice B. a bag C. a letter D. a storybook ‎8. A. speaking B. saying C. talking D. telling ‎9. A. already B. always C. never D. ever ‎10. A. must be carrying B. must carry C. must have carried D. must be ‎11. A. and B. this C. who D. which ‎12. A. moved B. interested C. pleased D. balanced ‎13. A. to sit B. to be sat C. to sit in D. to be sat in ‎14. A. stuck B. tired C. managed D. refused ‎15. A. before B. after C. near D. next to ‎16. A. empty B. full C. up D. dowm ‎17. A. reached B. stepped C. entered D. left ‎18. A. watching B. hoping C. observing D. from ‎19. A. onto B. away C. off D. from ‎20. A. by this means B. in a way C. by the way D. on the way 参考答案 Section 2 Wordpower & Grammar 一、先学前测 I.‎‎ 重要单词 ‎1. millionaire 2. vice 3. reform 4. threat 5. violence ‎6. resist 7. reunite 8. drama 9. novel 10. biography II. 重要短语 ‎1. short story 2. science fiction 3. historical fiction 4. literary world ‎ ‎5. surprising endings 6. appeal to 7. become a servant to sb 8. be taken to court ‎9. with the threat of violence 10. be reunited with ‎ 二、当堂检测 I.‎‎ 语法学习 II. 语法练习 ‎1-5 DCDCC 6-10 CBDBB 11-15 BCCCA 三、课后总测 I.‎‎ 语法巩固 ‎1-5 CBBBA 6-10 ACADD 11-15 DDBCB II. 完形填空 ‎1-5 CABBC 6-10 CABCA 11-15 DDCBD 16-20 BBACA