2020届人教版高中英语复习必修4学案：Unit2Workingtheland

2020届人教版高中英语复习必修4学案：Unit2Workingtheland

Unit 2 Working the land 一、刷黑板—— Ⅰ.阅读词汇(英译汉)‎ ‎[第一屏听写]‎ ‎1．statistic n．　　　　　　 数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料 ‎2．sunburnt adj. 晒黑的 ‎3．super adj. 特级的；超级的 ‎4．output n. 产量；输出 ‎5．circulate vt.& vi. 循环；流传 ‎6．grain n. 谷物；粮食；颗粒 ‎7．occupation n. 工作；职业；占领 ‎8．personality n. 性格；个性；人格 ‎9．chemical adj. 化学的；关于化学的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ ‎[第二屏听写]‎ ‎10．organic adj.　　 　 　 有机的；器官的；组织的 ‎11．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 ‎12．fertilizer n. 肥料；化肥 ‎13．bacteria n．(bacterium的复数形式) 细菌 ‎14．nutrition n. 营养；滋养；食物 ‎15．pest n. 害虫；害兽；害鸟 ‎16．mineral n. 矿物；矿石 ‎17．skim vt. 浏览；略读 ‎18．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调 ‎19．industrial adj. 工业的；产业的　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第三屏听写]‎ Ⅱ.高频词汇(汉译英)‎ ‎1．struggle vi.& n．　　　 斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎2．decade n. 十年；十年期 ‎3．crop n. 庄稼；农作物；产量 ‎4．hunger n. 饥饿；欲望 vt.& vi. (使)饥饿 ‎5．disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的；令人不安的 ‎6．expand vt.& vi. 使变大；伸展 ‎7．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.& vi. 搏斗；奋斗　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第四屏听写]‎ ‎8．rid vt.　　　 　　　　　 摆脱；除去 ‎9．freedom n. 自由；自主 ‎10．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 ‎11．equip vt.& vi. 配备；装备 ‎12．export vt.& vi. 输出；出口 ‎13．confuse vt. 使迷惑；使为难 ‎14．regret vt. 遗憾；惋惜 n. 遗憾；懊悔 ‎15．production n. 生产；制造　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎ [第五屏听写]‎ ‎16．discovery n．　　　　　 发现；发觉 ‎17．focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 ‎18．soil n. 土壤 ‎19．reduce vt. 减少；减缩 ‎20．root n. 根；根源 ‎21．summary n. 总结；摘要；概要 ‎22．comment n. 评论；议论 vi.& vt. 表达意见；作出评论　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　‎ ‎[第六屏听写]‎ ‎23．nationality n．　　　　　 国籍 ‎24．thanks_to 幸亏；由于；因为 ‎25．rid_...of 使……摆脱或除去 ‎26．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎27．would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎28．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎29．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎30．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎31．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 　 　 ‎ 二、刷清单—— ‎(一)核心单词 阅读 单词 ‎1.statistic n．数据；统计；统计数字；统计资料 ‎2．fertilizer n．　肥料；化肥 ‎3．bacteria n. 细菌 ‎4.nutrition n．　营养；滋养；食物 ‎5．mineral n. 矿物；矿石 ‎6．underline vt. 画底线标出；强调 ‎7.circulate vt.&vi.　循环；流传 ‎8．occupation n. 工作，职业；占领 ‎9．output n. 产量；输出 ‎10．fertile adj. 肥沃的；富饶的 表 达 单 词 ‎1.struggle vi.&n.　　斗争；拼搏；努力 ‎2．decade n. 十年；十年期 ‎3．therefore adv. 因此；所以；因而 ‎4．rid vt. 摆脱；除去 ‎5．export vt.&vi. 出口；输出 ‎6．focus n. 焦点；中心点 vt. 集中；聚焦 ‎7．reduce vt. 减少；减缩 ‎8．comment n. 评论；议论 vi.&vt. 表达意见；作出评论 ‎9．expand vt.&vi. 使变大；伸展；扩大 ‎10．battle n. 战役；战斗；较量；斗争 vt.&vi. 搏斗；奋斗 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus (焦点) of attention/concern.‎ ‎2．Every year, India exports (出口) a lot of tea and cotton to many different countries.‎ ‎3．Expanding (扩大) your knowledge by reading more books is a wise choice.‎ ‎4．The reporter commented (作出评论) that the film Lost and Love was very moving.‎ ‎5．The number of people suffering from heart disease will be greatly reduced (减少) if they are persuaded to eat more fruit and vegetables.‎ 拓 展 单 词 ‎1.hunger n．饥饿；欲望vt.&vi.(使)饥饿→hungry adj.饥饿的；渴望得到的 ‎2．freedom n．自由；自主→free adj.自由的 ‎3．production n．生产；制造→produce vt.生产→producer n ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．He was really confused by the confusing problem which also confused other people for a long time.(confuse)‎ ‎2．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)‎ ‎．生产者；制片人 ‎4．discovery n．发现；发觉→discover vt.发现；发觉→discoverer n．发现者 ‎5．equip vt.&vi.配备；装备→equipment n．设备(不可数)‎ ‎6．confuse vt.使迷惑；使为难→confusing adj.令人迷惑的→confused adj.感到迷惑的 ‎7．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→disturbed adj.烦恼的；心神不安的→disturb vt.弄乱；打扰 ‎8．nationality n．国籍→nation n．国家；民族→national adj.民族的 ‎3．Disturbing news came that the virus spread quickly, which made us rather disturbed.(disturb)‎ ‎4．The discoverer of electricity was Franklin; like many discoveries,_it benefits us greatly.(discover)‎ ‎(二)常用短语 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.thanks_to　　　　　　　　　幸亏；由于；因为 ‎2．rid_..._of 使……摆脱或除去 ‎3．be_satisfied_with 对……感到满意 ‎4．would_rather 宁愿；宁可 ‎5．build_up 逐渐增强；建立；开发 ‎6．lead_to 导致；造成(后果)‎ ‎7．focus_on 集中(注意力、精力等)于 ‎8．be_rich_in 盛产 ‎9．keep_...free_from/of 使……免受(影响、伤害等)；‎ ‎ 使……不含(有害物)‎ ‎10．in_addition 另外 ‎1.A deep breath and a balanced mind will help (to) rid you of the anxiety and nervousness.‎ ‎2．To be mentally healthy, you need to build_up good relationships with each other.‎ ‎3．We asked all our customers if they were_satisfied_with the service they had received.‎ ‎4．Thanks_to these new treatments, people with high blood pressure can live a long and active life.‎ ‎5．As we all know, too much work and too little rest often leads_to illness.‎ ‎(三)经典句式 原句背诵 句式解构 佳句仿写 ‎1.If so, what did you do to grow them?‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ if so意为“如果是这样的话”，是if引导的条件状语从句的省略形式。‎ 你赞同我推迟我们去云南的旅行吗？如果赞同，请尽快写信告诉我。(2014·北京高考书面表达)‎ Do you agree that I will put our visit to Yunnan off? If_so,_write back to tell me about it as soon as possible.‎ ‎2.In 1973, he became the first agricultural pioneer in the world to grow rice that has a high output.‎ ‎1973年，他成为世界上第一位种植高产水稻的农业先驱。‎ the first/last/best ... ＋n.＋to do sth.“第一个/最后一个/最好的一个……做某事的人/物”。‎ 她总是第一个到办公室最后一个离开，我猜这就是她那么快得到晋升的原因。‎ She is always the first person to_go_to_the_office_and_the_last_to_leave,_which I guess is why she gets promoted so quickly.‎ ‎3.This special strain of rice makes it possible to produce 20% more of the crop in the same fields.‎ 这种特殊的稻种使得同样的田地多收获20%的产量。‎ ‎“make it＋adj.＋动词不定式”结构。‎ 他的梦想是奥运会将使得各个国家和人民和平共处。‎ His dream was that the Olympic Games would make_it_possible_for_countries_and_people_to_live peacefully side by side.‎ ‎4.He would much rather keep time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ would rather (not) do sth.“宁愿(不)做……”。‎ 现在越来越多的人宁愿不住在大城市里。‎ Nowadays more and more people would_rather_not_live_in_big_cities.‎ ‎(四)初中考点再回顾 高频考查类——记熟 文化差异类——辨清 易忘易错类——勤览 ‎1.late adj.　　　迟到的 ‎2．lately adv. 最近 ‎1.keep teenagers away from the Internet阻止青少年上网 ‎1.some time　　　一段时间 ‎2．some times 几次 ‎3．later adv. 后来 ‎4．latest adj. 最新的 ‎5．lantern n. 灯笼 ‎6．lay out 布置 ‎2．lift sb. up 举起某人 ‎3．serious enough 足够认真 ‎4．at the picnic 在野餐 ‎5．run through the field 跑过田野 ‎3．sometime adv. 某个时间(过去或将来)‎ ‎4．sometimes adv. 有时 ‎5．everyday adj. 日常的；每天的 ‎6．every day 每天(时间状语)‎ 一、过重点单词—— ‎1．struggle vi.& n．斗争；拼搏；努力；挣扎 ‎[经典例句]　She's struggling to bring up a family on a very low income.‎ 她靠着微薄的收入艰难地供养一家人。‎ struggle for　　　　　　　　　 为争取……而斗争 struggle with/against sb./sth. 与……做斗争 struggle to do sth. 努力做某事 struggle to one's feet 挣扎着站起来 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Helen Keller became deaf and blind when she was 19 months old, but she never gave up and struggled to_lead (lead) an active life. ‎ ‎②They had to struggle for their lives against weather and wild animals.‎ ‎③To get an education, he was struggling against/with many difficulties.‎ 补全句子 ‎④Bravely, Mary struggled_to_her_feet,_and fought against the wind and rain beating against her.‎ 玛丽勇敢地挣扎着站起来，同扑向她的暴风雨搏斗着。‎ ‎2．equip vt.& vi.装备；配备 ‎[教材原句]　He therefore gives millions of yuan to equip others for their research in agriculture.‎ 因此，他资助几百万元供其他人进行农业研究。‎ ‎(1)equip ...with ...　　　 用……装备……‎ equip ...for sth. 为了……而装备 be equipped to do sth. 配有做……的装备(或条件)‎ be well/poorly equipped 装备精良的/较差的 ‎(2)equipment n．[U] 装备；设备 a piece of equipment 一件设备 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Having equipped himself with necessary knowledge and skills, the young man went to the job market with much confidence.‎ ‎②It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to_speak (speak)．‎ ‎③As far as I know, he is_equipped (equip) with much experience in teaching.‎ 单句改错 ‎④We want our son to have a good education that will equip him with future life.with→for ‎⑤Equipping with new scientific farming methods, they have been able to use less farmland than in the past.Equipping→Equipped ‎⑥In addition, they spend money on fishing equipments, fuel and boat repairs. equipments→equipment ‎3．regret vt.可惜；后悔；遗憾；惋惜n.遗憾；懊悔 ‎[高考佳句]　If we don't act now to protect the environment, we'll live to regret it.(2013·全国卷Ⅰ单选)‎ 如果我们现在不采取行动保护环境，将来我们会后悔的。‎ ‎ (1)regret 后悔做了某事 regret to say/tell/inform ...that ...‎ ‎　　　　　　　　 遗憾地说/告知……‎ ‎(2)with great regret 非常遗憾 to one's regret 令某人抱歉/遗憾的是 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Li Ping did not regret giving/having_given (give) the comment but felt that she could have expressed it differently.‎ ‎②I regret to_tell (tell) you that I can't travel to Beijing to get her with you at the appointed time.‎ 句型转换 ‎③Much to our regret, we will not be able to visit you next year.‎ ‎→To_our_great_regret,_we will not be able to visit you next year.‎ ‎4．focus vt.集中；聚焦n.焦点；中心点 ‎[高考佳句]　If we find those materials interesting, we'll focus our attention on them for long.(2013·四川高考书面表达)‎ 如果我们发现那些材料有趣，我们的注意力就会长时间集中在它们身上。‎ ‎(1)focus on/upon　　　 集中(注意力、精力等)于 focus one's attention/eyes/energy on ... 集中注意力/目光/精力于……‎ ‎(2)the focus of ... ……的焦点 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①To lead a happy life in the future, you should focus more on your career while you are young.‎ ‎②With his attention focused (focus) on his homework, he forgot all about what I had told him.‎ ‎③With so many people focusing (focus) their eyes on him, he felt very nervous. ‎ 句型转换 ‎④He focused his attention on urgent problems. He hardly has time to play games with you.‎ ‎→Having_focused_his_attention_on urgent problems，he hardly has time to play games with you.(分词作状语)‎ ‎[联想发散]　表示“注意，集中精力于……”的短语还有：concentrate one's attention on; fix one's attention on; pay attention to等。‎ ‎5．reduce vt.减少；减缩 ‎[教材原句]　A healthy soil reduces disease and helps crops grow strong and healthy.‎ 健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。‎ reduce ... by ...　　　　 把……减少了……‎ reduce ... to ... 把……减少到……； ‎ ‎ 把……变为某种状态 be reduced to 陷入某种境地；沦落为 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①If you want to lose weight, try to_reduce (reduce) the amount of fat in your diet.‎ ‎②With great effort, she has reduced her weight by five kilograms in the past 7 days.‎ ‎③It was foggy so the driver had to reduce speed to forty kilometres an hour.‎ 单句改错 ‎④Believe it or not, the rich man should be reduced to beg for a living.beg→begging Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Yuan Longping has been focusing on searching for a way to increase rice output.‎ ‎2．It's disturbing (disturb) that I can't get along well with my new neighbor.‎ ‎3．In some poor African areas, many children died of hunger (hungry) every year.‎ ‎4．Without the help of the modern equipment (equip)，these experiments would not be performed smoothly.‎ ‎5．The government calls on the public to go to work by bicycle instead of by car to_reduce (reduce) air pollution.‎ ‎6．I'd appreciate it if you can make helpful comments on/about my work.‎ ‎7．His recent discoveries (discovery) have added to his reputation in the field of science.‎ ‎8．I regret to_tell (tell) you that your problems are beyond my power. You'll have to turn to someone else, I'm afraid.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．Now the young man regrets waste so much time when he was at school.waste→wasting ‎2．Though he is young, he is struggle to support his family.struggle→struggling ‎3．If you stay out in the sun for a long time, you may get sunburn.sunburn→sunburnt ‎4．Several decade have passed since I graduated from the college.decade→decades ‎5．She has had much food high in fibre recently. However, she becomes slim. However→Therefore ‎6．Confusing by the question, the boy turned to his teacher for further explanation. Confusing→Confused Ⅲ.根据提示词补全句子 ‎1．众所周知，孩子是家庭的中心，承载着父母的希望。(focus)‎ As is known to us, children are_the_focus_of_families,_shouldering the hope of their parents.‎ ‎2．我们很遗憾地通知您，您的申请未通过。(regret)‎ We regret_to_inform_you_that your application has not been successful.‎ ‎3．这个年轻人发现很难让老板满意，于是离开了。(satisfy)‎ The young man found_it_hard_to_satisfy his boss, so he left.‎ 二、过短语、句式—— ‎1．build up逐渐增强；增强……的体质；建立；创办；开发；积累 ‎[教材原句]　These chemicals in the food supply build up in people's bodies over time.‎ 随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。‎ ‎[一词多义]　写出下列句中build up 的含义 ‎①Bears build up fat stores throughout the summer and fall to have energy enough to last them through their winter sleep.积累 ‎②His confidence built up gradually as he gained more and more experience in teaching.逐渐增加 ‎③We should take part in sports and outdoor activities，which are really helpful to build up our body and enrich our school life.增强……的体质 ‎④It's said that she has built up a very successful business.建立；创办 ‎[归纳拓展]‎ pick up　　　 捡起；(无意中)学会；接收；搭载 take up 拿起；开始；从事；占据 make up 虚构；弥补；组成 show up 出现；露面 选用以上短语填空 ‎⑤Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build_up a lowcarbon city by riding bicycles.‎ ‎⑥It didn't take me long to pick_up the basic knowledge of the language.‎ ‎⑦I must get rid of this large table; it takes_up too much room.‎ ‎⑧There are more than two million farmers, making_up two thirds of the total population of the province.‎ ‎2．lead to导致；造成(后果)；通向……‎ ‎[教材原句]　Many of these chemicals can lead to cancer or other illnesses.‎ 很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。‎ lead sb. to do sth.　　 使某人做某事 lead/live a ...life 过……样的生活 lead the way 引路；带路 ‎[多角练透]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①The discovery of new evidence led to the thief's being_caught (catch)．‎ ‎②In class I will divide the students into small groups and lead them to_practise (practise) speaking English in an interesting way.‎ ‎③Under the leadership of the local government, people there are leading a happy life.‎ ‎④With a guide leading (lead) the way, we had no difficulty finding the village.‎ 一句多译 众所周知，成功在于努力，然而懒惰导致失败。‎ ‎⑤As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_leads_to_failure.‎ ‎⑥As we all know, success lies in hard work while_laziness_results_in_failure.(result)‎ ‎[名师指津]　lead to中的to是介词，后接名词、代词或动词ing形式。表示导致的短语还有：result in, contribute to等。‎ ‎3．if条件状语从句的省略形式 If_so,_what did you do to grow them? ‎ 如果是这样的话，你怎样来种植这些植物？‎ if so意为“如果是这样的话”，表示肯定意义；如果表示否定意义，则用if not。‎ if ever　　　　　　　 如果有过/发生过的话 if any 如果有的话 if possible 如果有可能 if necessary 如果有必要 ‎①If_so,_please respond to me as quickly as possible.‎ 如果是这样的话，请尽快给我回信。‎ ‎②If_possible,_try to go to bed and wake up at the same time every day.‎ 如果可能的话，尝试每天都在同一时间睡觉和起床。‎ ‎③The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, if_ever,_reaching 30℃ in summer.(2014·福建高考单选)‎ 这里的气候宜人，如果曾经有，在夏季气温极少达到30摄氏度。‎ ‎4．would rather do sth. “宁愿做……”‎ He would_much_rather_keep_time for his hobbies.‎ 他宁愿把时间花在自己的爱好上。‎ would rather (not) do sth.意为“宁愿(不)做……”。‎ 宁愿……(而)不愿……；与其……倒不如 单句改错 ‎①We would rather our daughter stay at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer.stay→stayed ‎②I would rather sleep all day than to play computer games for a long time.去掉to ‎③She would rather you come tomorrow than today.come→came 一句多译 简是一个文静的女孩，她宁愿待在图书馆也不愿去看电影。‎ ‎④Jane is a quiet girl, who would rather stay (stay) in the library than go to see a movie.‎ ‎⑤Jane is a quiet girl, who prefers to_stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.‎ ‎⑥Jane is a quiet girl, who would stay (stay) in the library rather than go to see a movie.‎ Ⅰ.选词填空 lead to， thanks to， rid ... of， keep ... free from， be satisfied with ‎1．Thanks_to the support from the local government, they could rebuild their houses soon after the earthquake.‎ ‎2．As is known to us, it is our activity that leads_to air pollution.‎ ‎3．We should use new energy to keep our environment free_from being polluted.‎ ‎4．All of us were_satisfied_with the perfect service of the restaurant after we had dinner there. ‎ ‎5．We cannot really learn anything until we rid ourselves of being too proud.‎ Ⅱ.根据提示词和相关要求补全句子 ‎1．众所周知，我们生活在所谓的信息时代。(what)‎ As is known to us, we live in what_is_called_the_information_age.‎ ‎2．你应该改掉那些可能损害你健康的坏习惯。(rid)‎ You should get_rid_of_the_bad_habits that might damage your health.‎ ‎3．大雨使我们更难按时到达那里。(make it＋adj.＋动词不定式)‎ The heavy rain made_it_harder_for_us_to_get_there on time.‎ ‎4．当你情绪低落时，如果想一想美好的事情，就会没有烦恼。(free)‎ When you are in a bad mood, you will be_free_from/of_worry if you think of something nice.‎ ‎5．锻炼有助于我们增强体质，保持头脑清醒。(build)‎ Taking exercise helps_us_build_up_our_body and keep a clear mind.‎ Ⅲ.一句多译/句式升级 ‎1．他们宁愿尝试后不成功也不愿放弃这个计划。‎ ‎①They_would_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(would do ... rather than do ...)‎ ‎②They_prefer_to_try_and_fail_rather_than_give_up_the_plan.(prefer to do ... rather than do ...)‎ ‎③They_would_rather_try_and_fail_than_give_up_the_plan.(would rather do ... than do ...)‎ ‎2．趁着年轻我们应该努力学习，如果不这样的话，迟早我们会后悔的。‎ ‎①We should study hard while we are young. If_we_don't_study_hard,_we will regret sooner or later.‎ ‎②We should study hard while we are young. If_not,_we will regret sooner or later.(省略)‎ ‎3．很多人去了纽约，使之成为美国最大的城市。‎ ‎①Many people moved to New York, which_made_it_the_largest_city in the USA.‎ ‎(定语从句)‎ ‎②Many people moved to New York, making_it_the_largest_city in the USA.(分词作状语)‎ 三、过语法、写作—— ‎(一)单元小语法——动词ing形式作主语和宾语 Ⅰ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Throwing (throw) waste into a river will cause the fish to die and the people who drink the water to get sick.‎ ‎2．We visited other relatives the next day, who had prepared a lot of delicious food. At night, we all went to KTV and had a great time singing (sing) together.‎ ‎3．I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do working (work) with students.‎ ‎4．As is known to us, it's no use complaining (complain) without taking action.‎ ‎5．Being_brought (bring) up in the countryside made Mr Wilson very hardworking when he was very young.‎ Ⅱ.单句改错 ‎1．I like travelling and my dream of visit Beijing, the Capital city of our country, came true during the National Day holiday.visit→visiting ‎2．Before heard his answer, she started to read him almost every single greeting card out loud until the elderly man smiled.heard→hearing ‎3．All the children are looking forward to go to see the pandas there.go→going ‎4．Some people can't help persuading to buy what they don't need at all.persuading→being_persuaded ‎5．Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner, which might not be served until 8 o'clock.Have→Having ‎(二)课堂微写作练补写——让行文更条理 ‎[题目要求]‎ 为了让同学们对有机农业有一个更充分的认识，你班英语兴趣小组打算出一期以有机农业为主题的板报。假定你是组长，请你以“What are the benefits of organic farming？”为题为该板报写一篇英语短文。词数100左右。‎ ‎[补写提示]　请按下列提示线索补写下列习作的中间段 What are the benefits of organic farming?‎ Organic farming provides many benefits for farmers as well as consumers around the country.Here are the major benefits of organic farming.‎ 保护环境，减少污染→有机食品有利于健康→降低农业生产成本，改善土壤健康，节省能源，减少庄稼歉收风险 Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to pursue organic farming practices for better crop ‎ growth and production.‎ ‎[答案示例]‎ What are the benefits of organic farming?‎ Organic farming provides many benefits for farmers as well as consumers around the country.Here are the major benefits of organic farming.‎ Firstly, it aids farmers in keeping the environment healthy by reducing the level of pollution.Secondly, green food from organic farming, which is very rich in minerals, can help prevent and treat many kinds of diseases.Thirdly, it reduces the costs of agricultural production and also improves the soil health.Lastly, it not only saves energy for both animals and machines but also reduces the risk of crop failure.‎ Therefore, farmers should be encouraged to pursue organic farming practices for better crop growth and production.‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A A couple of months ago, we were in a hurry to get somewhere, but it seemed that my 6yearold daughter had an instinctive (本能的) capacity to slow things down. In response I had become impatient, frustrated and unkind. As I unloaded my apology, she said, “Mom, it's OK. You've never been a mom before. This is your first time. You're just trying. It's OK.”‎ Her response made me feel ashamed. She had been able to give me what I had refused to give her just moments before — mercy, understanding and sympathy. And I needed it. We all do. In fact, there may be nothing more needed today in our nation and communities. ‎ It's no wonder that former Westboro Baptist Church member Megan has transformed her idea. She spent 20 years representing her family's beliefs with messages of hate towards blacks, Jews and those who support abortion. When she finally started being able to engage in (参与) civil dialog with her “enemies”， she found that “people on the other side were not the ones I had been led to believe ...” Finally, she left the faith of her family. What surprised her most was the forgiveness and understanding she experienced from those who had been her former “enemies”．‎ My experience with my daughter teaches me that the ability to engage “with the other”， to form a judgment, to avoid tough judgements, and to show sympathy is learned first, and practiced best, at home — even if, as in my case, it is my children who teach me the lesson. Researchers believe the key to developing those abilities in our children lies in how we respond to their feelings, especially the negative ones.‎ We should all make efforts to create a world where we are all better able to take the perspective (观点) of others, stay away from tough judgments and recognize and respect the humanity in the souls around us. This desire makes my own struggling to be better worth all the ‎ efforts every day.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要介绍了作者在对女儿道歉时，受到女儿回答的影响，意识到我们需要同情和理解对方。‎ ‎1．What did the author think of her daughter's reaction?‎ A．Her daughter was not so kind.‎ B．Her daughter did better than her.‎ C．Her daughter's words annoyed her.‎ D．Her daughter should make an apology.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中作者对女儿道歉时女儿的答语可知B项正确。‎ ‎2．The author mentions the example of Megan in order to ________.‎ A．show that blacks and Jews are treated unfairly B．judge whether what Megan did was right or not C．show that there are no forever enemies in our life D．prove that people should show understanding to each other　‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。作者列举梅甘的例子是为了证明自己前面提到的以及后面还要重复强调的观点，即我们要学会站在对方的角度去看待问题，亦即人们之间要互相理解。‎ ‎3．Why did Megan change her attitude towards her former “enemies”？‎ A．Because she forgave them at last.‎ B．Because she knew them better later.‎ C．Because she made herself understood by them.‎ D．Because she felt great sympathy towards them.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第三段的内容可知，梅甘之所以把那些人当成敌人，是因为她并没有真正了解那些人，后来通过了解之后发现他们并不是自己以前认为的那样。‎ ‎4．What's the author's attitude toward our future?‎ A．Hopeful.　　　　　　　 B．Doubtful.‎ C．Cautious. D．Worried.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据最后一段作者说我们要努力创造一个更好地对待别人的世界，远离不公正的判断和尊重周围的人可以看出，作者对未来是抱有希望的。‎ B ‎(2018·太原一模)Recently I and other Red Cross volunteers met a group of victims from Hurricane Katrina. We were there, as mental health professionals, to offer “psychological first aid” and I was struck by the simple healing power of presence. As we walked in the gate to the shelter, we were greeted with a burst of gratitude (感激) from the first person we met. I felt appreciated, but also guilty, because I hadn't really done anything yet.‎ I first realized the power of presence many years ago when a friend's mother passed away unexpectedly. I received a call saying she had just passed away. I wanted to rush down there immediately, but didn't want to intrude (打扰) on this very personal period of sadness. I was torn about what to do. Another friend with me then said, “Just go. Just be there.” I did, and I will never regret it.‎ Since then, I have not hesitated to be in the presence of others. Once I sat at the bedside of a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying. He was not awake, and obviously unaware of others' presence. However, the atmosphere was by no means solemn. His family, playing guitars and singing, allowed him to be present with them as though he were still fully alive.‎ In my life, I am repeatedly struck by the healing power of presence. In it, none of us are truly alone. It not only is something we give to others but also changes me for the better.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了“我”通过一些活动意识到“到场”的重要意义。‎ ‎5．Why were the hurricane victims grateful to the author?‎ A．He built shelters for them.‎ B．He gave immediate first aid to them.‎ C．He came to stay with them.‎ D．He brought mental health professionals.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段的第二句可知，因为“我”在他们受灾时和他们在一起，所以他们感激“我”，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．What did the author do when his friend's mother passed away?‎ A．He hesitated over whether to go.‎ B．He went to his friend's at once.‎ C．He knew what to do instantly.‎ D．He decided not to disturb his friend.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“I wanted to rush down there immediately ...I was torn about what to do.”可知，“我”想要立即去朋友那里，但又不愿意去打扰朋友，据此可知，当朋友的母亲去世时，“我”犹豫是否要去朋友那里。‎ ‎7．What does the underlined word “solemn” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?‎ A．Heavy but warm.‎ B．A little sad but cosy.‎ C．Relaxing and delightful.‎ D．Very serious and unhappy.‎ 解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据第三段最后一句中的“His family, playing guitars and singing”可知，男青年的家人在弹奏吉他并唱歌；结合画线词所在句中的“However ...no means”‎ 和第三段第二句中的“a young man suffering from the pain of his AIDSrelated dying”可以判断，在家人的陪伴下，气氛并不悲伤和严肃，据此可以判断，画线词意为“严肃的”，故D项正确。‎ ‎8．What has the author learned from his experience?‎ A．A friend in need is a friend indeed.‎ B．Being present can make a big difference.‎ C．The family harmony is the happiest thing in life.‎ D．Being a volunteer can make one's life more significant.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段的前两句“In my life, I am repeatedly ...are truly alone.”并结合第二段的第一句可知，从自己的经历中“我”意识到了“到场”的重要意义，故B项正确。‎ C Square foot gardening is a type of gardening made popular by Mel Bartholemew.It is based on the idea that the wide rows in traditional ‎ gardening are a waste of time, work, water and area.It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.In this method, the garden space is divided into “beds”．Each bed is 4’×4’(16 sq ft) (120cm×120cm, 1.4m2)．The beds are separated by paths (小路)．These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.Common spacing is one plant per square for larger plants such as broccoli, four per square for medium large plants like lettuce, nine per square for medium small plants like spinach, and sixteen per square for small plants such as onions and carrots.The weeds (杂草) are removed from the beds and the plants are watered from the paths.This stops the soil from being compacted (压紧)．‎ Benefits of square foot gardening：‎ ‎·Much less work.Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.In this method, the soil is never compacted and it remains loose.‎ ‎·Water savings.The loose ground holds the water better.This type of garden needs water less often than other methods.Also, water is placed very near the plant roots.Less water is wasted.‎ ‎·Very few weeds.The vegetables form a living mulch (覆盖物) and shade out many weeds before they can start to grow.‎ ‎·Pesticides (杀虫剂) are not needed.Natural ways to keep pests away work very well in a close space.Many different types of plants in a small area also stop plant diseases from spreading easily.‎ 语篇解读：本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了平方尺菜园的操作方法和益处。‎ ‎9．Why does square foot gardening become popular?‎ A．It makes full use of space.‎ B．It is suggested by Mel Bartholemew.‎ C．It provides more vegetables for people.‎ D．It produces vegetables of higher quality.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段的“It shows that quality vegetables can be grown in less space with less work.”可知，平方尺菜园能够充分利用空间。‎ ‎10．Why is the gardening called square foot gardening?‎ A．Because vegetables are grown in the squares.‎ B．Because you can grow vegetables anywhere by using it.‎ C．Because the smallest bed in it is only one square foot.‎ D．Because the places where vegetables are grown are too small.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据其名称和第一段的“These beds are further divided into squares of about one square foot.”可知正确答案。‎ ‎11．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．Loose soil is good for plant growth.‎ B．Onions and carrots need more space.‎ C．Compacted soil is important to some plants.‎ D．Square foot gardening needs some heavy tools.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句话和下文“Normal gardening needs heavy tools to loosen the soil.”可知，松散的土壤有利于植物的生长。‎ ‎12．Why are there fewer weeds in square foot gardening?‎ A．Because weed killers are used.‎ B．Because weeds can't get sunlight.‎ C．Because weeds are short of water.‎ D．Because weeds have been removed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。从Benefits of square foot gardening的第三条可知，蔬菜遮住了杂草的阳光，因为见不到阳光，所以杂草很少。‎ D ‎(2018·济南高考模拟)I used to believe courtesy was a thing of the past. Very seldom have I encountered a courteous human being in this modern era.‎ Recently, I had to change my thinking, when I came face to face with just such a human being in a coffee place, with my two daughters. The place was crowded as usual and we had to climb steep (陡的) stairs in order to find an empty table. After enjoying coffee and snacks, we went down the narrow stairs, where there was hardly any space for another person to either climb up or come down.‎ Just as I was in the middle of the stairs, a man entered the main entrance of the restaurant which was right in front of the staircase (楼梯). I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up. I kept coming down as fast as I could. My daughters were already down, looking up at me worriedly, hoping I would reach them before the stranger started walking up the stairs, knowing I was a nervous sort.‎ Nearly reaching them, I noticed the man still standing near the door. I reached my daughters and passed the stranger at the entrance door which he kept holding open. I looked back, thinking he was still at the door, deciding whether to go in or find another less crowded place. I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time. I told my daughters about it and all three of us felt bad that we did not even thank the courteous gentleman who was actually holding the door open for us ladies to pass through before going up.‎ Such well mannered people are hard to find these days when pushing is very common in our advanced but aggressive society. We applauded for his chivalry (彬彬有礼)．‎ 语篇解读：在这个忙碌的现代社会，彬彬有礼、体贴他人的品质变得尤为珍贵。作者讲述了自己经历的一件事情，并赞扬了这种良好的品质。‎ ‎13．What is the meaning of the underlined word “courtesy” in Paragraph 1?‎ A．A brave action. B．Sacrifice spirit.‎ C．A considerate action. D．Selfish behavior.‎ 解析：选C　词义猜测题。根据下文故事中的男人为作者让路并且开门可推测出，这是一种体贴的行为，故选C项。‎ ‎14．What did the author think of the man at the first sight of him？　‎ A．He was in a hurry.‎ B．He would wait for her.‎ C．He would pass her rudely.‎ D．He was a man with good manners.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“I was sure I would be pushed roughly by this man going up.”可知，作者本认为这个男人会粗鲁地挤开她上楼梯，故选C项。‎ ‎15．What can we learn about the man from Paragraph 4?‎ A．He might be a waiter of the café.‎ B．He might have an urgent business to do.‎ C．He loved a daughter of the author.‎ D．He would hold the door open for all.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的“I saw him going up the stairs, two at a time.”以及下文谈到她们都来不及对那个男人说一声谢谢可推知，那个男人上楼梯，一次上两级台阶，应该是有急事要做，故选B项。‎ Ⅱ.阅读七选五 ‎(2018·郑州市第一次质量预测)‎ Do People Need Small Talk to Be Happy?‎ Psychologists (心理学家) have long said that connecting with others is an important part of happiness, but just how much conversation we require is under examination. In one study, researchers found that small talk made up only 10% of their conversation related to happiness. __1__ Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding. Late last year, Princeton researchers reported that small talk keeps closeness with loved ones, and isn't merely the stuff of awkward exchanges with strangers.‎ Still, chatting with strangers could brighten your morning. In a series of experiments, psychologists gave Chicago passengers different directions about whether to talk with fellow passengers — something they typically avoided. __2__ None of the chatters reported being rejected.‎ Small talk can also help us feel connected with our surroundings. People who smiled at, made eye contact with, and briefly spoke with their Starbucks baristas (服务员) reported a greater sense of belonging than those who rushed through the transaction (交易). __3__ One report found that when volunteers broke the silence to chat with gallery goers, the visitors felt happier and more connected with the exhibit than those who were not approached.‎ ‎__4__ In one study, people who were rated “less curious” by researchers had trouble getting a conversation rolling on their own, and had greater luck building closeness with others when they were supplied with questions that encouraged personal disclosure (透露). But people who were considered “curious” needed no help when transforming conversations about ordinary things into personal exchanges. __5__‎ A．The same is true of gallery goers.‎ B．But don't play down small talk just yet.‎ C．They found that small talk is related to happiness.‎ D．Those told to chat with others reported a more pleasant journey.‎ E．Making small talk is an important skill for all the social situations.‎ F．A “curious mindset”， the author concluded, can lead to “positive social interactions”．‎ G．Of course, some people are better than others at turning small talk into something bigger.‎ 语篇解读：本文主要讲述了聊天会让人开心。‎ ‎1．选B　根据上文的“In one study, researchers ... related to happiness.”和下文的“Scientists believe that small talk could promote bonding.”可知，空格前后表示转折关系，所以选B项“但是，不要贬低聊天的重要性”。‎ ‎2．选D　根据下文的“None of the chatters reported being rejected.”可推知，应选D项。那些被要求去和陌生人聊天的乘客说旅途更加愉快。‎ ‎3．选A　根据下文的“chat with gallery goers”可知，应选A项。参观美术馆的人也有同样的感受。‎ ‎4．选G　根据本段中对两类人的介绍可推知，有些人更擅长把聊天话题扩大，所以选G项。‎ ‎5．选F　根据上文的“But people who were ... into personal exchanges.”可推知，具有好奇心的人会与他人进行积极的社交互动，所以选F项。‎