2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案（20页word版）

2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1Friendship单元学案（20页word版）

‎2019届一轮复习人教版必修一Unit1 Friendship单元学案 ‎【高考新动向】‎ ‎【考纲全景透析】【重点单词】‎ ‎1.Add up your score and see how many points you get.‎ Point(n):点、要点、分数、观点。Vt:指、指向。‎ l to the point: 中肯、切题。Eg: I like Miner’s speech; it was clear and to the point.‎ l Come to /get to reach the point:说明重点、直切正题。‎ l Point out:指出 eg:‎ l make a point of 特别注意、take notice of 注意eg:‎ l at the point of 在….时刻。Eg:‎ l There is at/on the point of doing sth when +从句 就要、正要干…..的时候，这时 ‎ Eg: She was on the point of leaving when I arrived l There’s no use/point doing sth 做某事没意义 l l At one point =at the time 一度，曾经 EG：At one point John and I were good friends ‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎（1）I like Mr Miner’s speech; it was clear and the point. A. at B. on C. to D. of ‎(2)We’re just trying to reach a point both sides will sit down together and talk.‎ ‎ A. where B. that C. when D. which ‎(3)The doctor said that the treatment would continue until the patient reached the point he could walk correctly and safely. A. where B. which C. when D. that ‎2.He/She broke it and you had to pay to get it repaired.‎ l get sb to do sth =have sb do sth 让某人干……..‎ l get/have sb doing sth 使、让某人一直干………Eg: He got the light burning all the night.‎ l get/have sth done 让….被…..Eg:I got my watch lost l get +done 　get常同marry, beat, break, damage, tear, strike, hurt, paint, invite, repair, dress, pay, wound等动词的-ed形 Eg: get paid得到工资 get los迷路 get fired被解雇 get hurt受伤 ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎(1)She got her leg yesterday, and is now in hospital. A. to break B. breaking C. broken D. had broken ‎(2)You should understand the traffic rule by now. You’re had it often enough.‎ ‎ A. explaining B. to explain C. explain D. explained ‎3.Your friend comes to school very upset.‎ l upset adj。心烦意乱的；不安的；不适的.‎ vt。使不安；使心烦；弄翻；打翻；打乱，扰乱（计划等）过去式和过去分词仍为upset l be upset about/over/at sth. 为某事烦心=upset oneself about sth .Eg: In my opinion, there is no point in getting upset about it. 依我看来，为此事烦恼没有任何意义。‎ l It upsets sb that 让某人心烦的是。It upset him that nobody had bothered to tell him about it. ‎ ‎ 让他不高兴的是，谁也没有把这件事告诉他。‎ l Upset:由于某事发生而心烦意乱。作表语。Don’t upset yourself about the exam.不要为考试烦恼 nervous:在某事发展过程中有种紧张的感觉。‎ Being shy, she stood in front of the teacher , feeling a ‎ bit nervous.‎ anxious:由于害怕某事发生而感到焦虑。I’m anxious about mother’s health.‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎①She is still by the bad news. A. nervous B. anxious C. upset D. pleased ‎②Because he didn’t finish the work on time and was fired by the company, he was very about it. ‎ ‎ A. upset B. worried C. anxious D. nervous l Calm:vt.& vi.（使）平静，（使）镇定；adj.平静的，镇静的。‎ l calm down vi.平静下来(settle down) Eg: Calm down, There is nothing to worry about!安静下来吧，没有什么可担忧的 l calm sb down 使某人平静下来。Eg:He took a few deep breaths to calm himself down他深深地吸了几口气，使自己平静下来。‎ ‎【拓展延伸】：calm, quiet, silent, still calm 指气候、海洋“风平浪静的”，指人“从容镇静的”。‎ Although she was frightened, she answered with a calm voice. 虽然她害怕，但还是用平静的声音回答 quiet 侧重于因无骚扰产生的“安静、无动静、无声响”。例如：He had a quiet life in the countryside. ‎ 他在乡间过着安静的生活。‎ silent 意为“寂静无音的”、“沉默无言的”，指人沉默不语或地方一片静寂。例如：‎ The house is empty and silent.房子里空无一人，寂静无声。‎ still 指“静止的、一动不动的、寂静的”，侧重于静止不动和完全无声，带有感情色彩。例如：‎ All sounds are still.万籁俱寂。‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎①When asked why she did so, she remained all the time. A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent ‎②In time of great danger, it’s important for one to keep A. calm B. quiet C. still D. silent 练一练：1.He was ____ when I told him the bad news. (calm)‎ ‎2.Ask the children to keep ____ (quiet) 3. She kept ___ about the matter. (silent)‎ ‎5.Stay____ when I take photos of you. (still)‎ ‎4. ignore vt.不理睬；忽视。Eg：I made a suggestion, but she ignored it. 我提了个建议，可是她不理睬 ‎【拓展延伸】‎ l ignorant adj.无知的；无学识的；愚昧的ignorance n. 无知, 愚昧ignorance of 对----无知 l be ignorant of/about sth 不知道某事物，没有意识到某事物Eg: I’‎ m ignorant of thing serious.‎ l ignore 通常指有意不顾，或不理会显而易见的事物。‎ neglect 侧重指有意的忽略或忽视，也可指粗心与疏忽。‎ overlook 指因匆忙而疏忽或视而不见。‎ ‎1）We could not afford to ___such a serious offence.2). He utterly __my warnings and met with an accident.‎ ‎3). Don’t ________ paying him a visit now and then.答案: 1). overlooked 2). ignored 3). neglect ‎【即境活用】--- So you didn’t say“hello” to him last night?‎ ‎---Well, I stopped and smiled when I saw him, but he _____me and walked on.‎ A. ignored B. refused C. denied D. missed ‎【解析】A 考查动词辨析。Ignore不理会；refuse拒绝；deny否定；miss错过，想念。‎ ‎5.concern n.[u] 关心，担忧；[C]关心的人（或）事, vt:是关心、挂念、担忧、涉及、对…有关系 ‎ adj: concerned用作形容词时意为“担忧的；关心的”；用作后置定语意为“相关的；有关的”‎ ‎ 介词： concerning prep. 关于，有关 l be concerned about/for sth 担心….；关心….挂念…=concern oneself about ‎ Eg: His mother is always concerned about his future and his happiness.‎ l be concerned with 与….有关(=be connected with/be related to )、关心 l be concerned in 牵涉到（be involved in ）‎ ‎ Eg: If you are concerned in the accident, you’d better have a talk with our teacher.‎ l as/so far as….be concerned 就…而言；依…之见 ‎ Eg: As for as I am concerned, I am quite satisfied with the result of the exam.‎ l It is no concern of mine/yours. 这不关我、你的事 ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎(1)The speech which he made the project has bothered me greatly.‎ ‎ A. being concerned B. concerned C. be concerned D. concerning ‎(2)Rescuers are for the safety of two men trapped in the mine.‎ ‎ A. grateful B. concerned C. extreme D. frightened ‎(3)The meeting was concerned reforms and everyone present was concerned their own interests.‎ ‎ A. for; about B. with; for C. with; with D. about ; with B ‎6. would not understand what you are going through?‎ l go through (1)They went through our luggage at the customs 仔细检查、浏览、翻阅 ‎ (2)The country has gone through too many wars. 经历、经受 ‎(3)The doctor will go through the operation soon. 完成（艰难的事）‎ ‎ (4)The plan has gone through 计划、法案等通过。‎ l go by 走过、经过、时间流逝、遵守 l go off 爆炸、动身、离开、中断 l go without 没有…也行、将就着。Go without saying :不用说，当然是…不成问题 l go in for从事于（go into）、追求、沉迷于..爱好。‎ l go about 着手干…、忙于..(=get down to ) 、处理、流传 l go over=review 复习、仔细检查。Eg:To get a better grade, you should go over the notes again before the test l go out出去、熄灭、公布、播出 l go ahead开始、继续干吧、进行吧 l go back to=date back from/to 追溯到、起源于 l go for it努力争取、实现 go all out全力以赴 go again 反对、对….不利 ‎ go away 走开、离去。 go up 上升、增长、被建造。 go round/around足够分配 ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎（1）--Could I ask you a rather personal question?---Sure, ‎ A. pardon me B. go ahead C. good idea D. forget it ‎(2)Would you please this form for me to see if I’ve filled it in right?‎ ‎ A. take off B. look after C. give up D. go over ‎（3）Didn’t you have a good time at the party?-----Of course I did . As a matter of fact ,I had such fun that time seemed to so quickly. A. go by B. go away C. go out D. go over A ‎(4)‎ ‎7. so she made her diary her best friend.‎ l Make +宾语+宾补（名词、形容词、动词原形、过去分词、to do ）‎ l 短语： make it成功、约定、达到目的 make out 辨认出、理解 ‎ make ends meet 收支平衡 make up 组成、构成、虚构、化妆、弥补、和好 make up for 补偿 make the best / most of充分利用 make a difference 有影响；起作用。make sense 讲得通、有意义 make for朝…走去、有利于 make off匆忙离开 make efforts to do 努力干…‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎（1）American Indian about five percent of the U.S population.‎ ‎ a. fill up B. bring up C. make up D. set up ‎(2)Someone who lacks staying power and perseverance is unlikely to a good researcher.‎ ‎ A. make B. turn C. get D. grow ‎8.I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary as most people do.‎ l set down 放下，记下；登记 l set down as….把….看做…Don’t set him down as a fool.‎ l Set down to 把…归因于…The failure was set down to bad planning.‎ l set about （doing sth.）着手（做某事）(=go about doing=set out to do)‎ ‎ Eg: We need to set about finding a solution.我们的着手寻找一个解决办法 l set aside 留出；把…放在一边 l set back （把钟等）往后拨；推迟 The bad weather set back the building programmer by several weeks.由于天气恶劣，建筑计划延误了几星期 l set off 动身，出发（去某地）；使爆炸（=go off）,引起，激起 l set out动身，出发；着手；安排，组织 l set up 开办；建立；设立 set free 释放；解放 set in 以..为背景 l set an example to 树立榜样 set apart 分开、区别、是与众不同。‎ l set down to 把…归因于：The failure was set down to bad planning.‎ l set down as 把…看作： Don’t set him down as a fool.‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎①Einstein liked Bose’s paper so much that he his own work and translated it into German.‎ ‎ A. gave off B. turned down C. took over D. set aside ‎②For all these years I have been working for others. I’m hoping I’ll my own business someday.‎ ‎ A. turn up B. fix up C. set up D. set up ‎③The manager told the assistants to all the customers’ names and address.‎ ‎ A. set out B. set about C. set up D. make up ‎(4)Having decided to rent a house, we contacting all the accommodation agencies in the city.‎ ‎ A. set about B. set down C. set up D. set out ‎（5）Why was our foreign teacher unhappy? -----News about the tsunami striking her country____an attack of homesickness.‎ ‎ A. set for B. set out C. set about D. set off ‎9.I wonder if it’s because I haven’t been able to be outdoors for so long that I’ve grown so crazy about everything to do with nature.‎ l n:惊讶、奇迹、奇观 vt:对.感到惊奇/疑惑、想知道 adj: wonderful 极好的、精彩的（作前置定语）‎ l ‎(It’s) no wonder that 难怪… It’s a wonder that 令人惊奇的是 l Wonder at/about 对…感到惊讶 l I wonder if/whether 我不知道是否…Eg: I wonder if it will rain tomorrow.‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎(1)---Brad was Jame’s brother!--- he reminded me so much of Jame?‎ ‎ A. Of course B. No wonder C. No doubt D. Above all ‎(2)He hasn’t slept at all for three days . he’s tired out.‎ ‎ A. There’s no point B. There’s no need C. It is no wonder D. It is no way l be crazy about 对…着迷。 be crazy with 因…而发病。‎ l drive sb mad/crazy 使某人发疯 like crazy 发疯似的 ‎10.I stayed awake on purpose until half past eleven in order to have a good look at the moon by myself.‎ l Stay vi:停留、逗留。 系动词：保持、维持 n停留、暂住 l Stay up 熬夜 stay away from 缺席、离开、避开 stay out 呆在户外 l 高中常见系动词：‎ ‎ （变化类）：become/go/get/grow/fall/turn (感官类)：feel/small/taste/look/sound ‎ (显现类)：appear/seem/look (状态结果类):keep/stay/come/remain/stand/prove l become:强调变化结果 go：有好变坏 grow：逐渐成长而成为 ‎ ‎ turn：指性质、品质、状态发生变化+adj/n单（无冠词） ‎ ‎ get：指短时间的变化+adj Eg: Why don’t you put the meat in the fridge? It will fresh for several days.‎ ‎ A. be stayed B. stay C. be staying D. have stayed ‎11.the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power.‎ l Power n:能力、权力、统治、政权、电力 adj: powerful 强大的、强有力的 l Come to power 执政、掌权 in one’s power 在某人的支配下、尽可能 ‎ ‎ beyond/out of one’s power不能胜任、尽可能 power plant/station 发电厂 Eg: I’m sorry it’s my power to make a final decision; for the manager isn’t in.---What a pity!‎ ‎ A. besides B. beyond C. off D. above ‎12.because nature is one thing that really must be experienced.‎ Our country has experienced great changes in the past 10 years.‎ l Experience vt:经验、经历(go through)阅历.n(不可数)经验。n:经历 adj: experienced 富有经验的 l be experienced in=have experience in 在…方面有经验 l from/by experience 凭经验、从经验中得 Eg: Mr white has a lot of business .I know by that this man can’t be trusted A. experiences, experience B. experience , experiences C. experiences , experiences ‎ D. experience , experiences ‎13.She and her family hid away for nearly twenty—five moths before tree.‎ l It will be +时间段 +before (从句：用一般现在时) 要过多久…才；多久之后才 ‎ Eg: It will be half a year before you graduate from this school l It was + 时间段 + before (从句：用一般过去时)：过了多久之后才/就….‎ ‎ Eg: It was three days before he came back他三天之后才回来。‎ l 在….之前就（主句：过去完成时；从句：一般过去式）Marry had finished her homework before you graduate from this school l 趁着….时干Eg: I’ll do it before I forget it.‎ l 还没来得及….就…Eg: He asked a second question before I could answer the fist one.‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎(1)It was evening we reached the little town of Gansu A. that B. until C. since D. before ‎(2)John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since ‎(3)It’s a long time I saw you last.---Yes ,and what a pity it is now that it will be a long time we see each other again. A。 before， since B. since，when C. since , before D. when , before ‎(4)---A cigarette? –No, thanks. It’s five years I smoked. And I think you’d better give up smoking, too.‎ ‎ A. since B. when C. before D. where ‎14.p4: She found it difficult to settle and calm down in the hiding place.‎ l find/think/feel/make/consider it 名词短语/adj +to do/从句 l settle vt. 安家；定居；停留 vt. 使定居，安排；解决、是镇定、稳定。‎ Eg: He settled his child in a corner of the compartment. 他把孩子安顿在车厢的一个角落里。‎ n: settlement 定居、协议 settled adj.稳定的，舒适自在的 l settle down 镇定下来、平静下来 +to :专心致志于…. settle in 在…定居/迁入新居、适应环境settle on 选定，决定； That is settled 就这样定了 ‎ l ‎ settle up 付清欠账…. settle for 勉强认可 l settle+ an issue/an argument/a quarrel/a matter :解决，处理，其对象是某种争端。‎ ‎ solve : +a problem/puzzle/difficuties/mystery：解决，解答侧重是给出一个答案。‎ Eg: Once things after fierce argument ,he, too , started to live a quiet life.‎ ‎ A. settle down B. settled down C. settled on D. settled up ‎15. p4: She suffered from loneliness l suffer v.遭受；忍受；经历(experience) n: suffering 指肉体上或精神上遭受的痛苦、困难 l vt: + pain/defeat/loss/poverty/hunger/hardship 遭受…..、蒙受…‎ ‎ Eg； The factory suffered a great loss in the fire.‎ l Vi: suffer from 受…折磨、受…之苦 +伤痛、疾病等引起痛苦的原因 Eg； He was suffering from a headache Eg: such a heavy loss, the businessman didn’t have the courage to go on.‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered ‎16.p5: she was very hot with so many clothes on ‎ with+宾语+宾语补足语（名词、形容词/副词、介词短语、现在分词、过去分词、不定式等）。在句中常作状语表示原因，方式、伴随、条件等，也可以再句中作定语。with去掉即为独立主格结构 He is used to sleeping with the window open.（with+n.+adj）‎ The teacher came into the classroom with a book in his hand.(with+n.+介词)‎ The girl felt very safe with her mother standing behind her.（with+n.+现在分词）。‎ With all the things finished, she went out to play.（with+n.+过去分词）。‎ With so many books to read, I have no time to chat with you（with+n.+不定式）.‎ ‎【达标练习】‎ ‎(1)With a lot of problems ____,the new government is now having a hard time.‎ A. solving B. to solve C. solve D. having solved ‎(2)John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work , he gladly accepted it.‎ ‎ A. finished B. finishing C. have finished D. was finished ‎3.The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog____ them.‎ ‎ A. to follow B. following C. followed D. follows.‎ ‎17.p6: I’m getting along well with a boy in my class.‎ Get ‎(1).The operator finally got me through He has got through $1,000 in less than a year ‎ ‎ John has got through the examination. I’ll be with you as soon as I get through this work.‎ ‎(2) The story has got round -----everybody knows about it. (消息传开、应付某问题)‎ ‎(3) My work is getting along better now.( 进展、进行)‎ ‎(4) She didn’t get away until nine last night. （逃脱、离开、跳掉）‎ ‎(5) Now he was dead, and I could not get away from my sadness.‎ ‎(6) He got down and began to pray.‎ ‎7）Don’t you think it’s time we got down to business? (开始认真干-)‎ ‎8）At what time do you get off work? ( get off（from）：下班)‎ ‎(9) He used to be afraid of heights but he has got over that now. (克服、从疾病中恢复过来)‎ ‎(10) The two young men were having a heated argument. No one could get in a word.‎ 归纳：get through: 接通电话、用完、通过、完成； get away from：摆脱、逃离、逃脱（惩罚）‎ ‎ get out ； 离开、泄露、出版。get in ：进入、收集、收割、达到、设法做、说。‎ get across：别理解、讲清楚。 get it：理解。get ahead ：得到成功。 get rid of ：去掉、除掉。 ‎ ‎ get away with: 做错事未被发现 get around:回避，逃避。 Get tough with 采取强硬措施 ‎【达标练习】：‎ ‎1. After that, he knew he could any emergency by doing what he could to the best of his ability. A get away with B. get on with C. get through D. get across ‎2. If you keep on working hard, you are sure to in your career.‎ ‎ A. go away B. get off C. go ahead D. get ahead ‎3.You always coming to class late. Why doesn’t the teacher get anger with you?‎ ‎ A. get away with B。 get over C. get through D. get up ‎18.p8: It’s a good habit for you to keep a diary.‎ l Habit: 习惯、习性（指个人的习惯、癖好） custom:指社会或团体的风俗、习惯 practice: 习惯、习俗、惯例。‎ l 养成…..的习惯： get into/form/develop/build up the habit of….‎ l 改掉做….的习惯：get out of /break /get rid of the habit of……‎ l 有做…..的习惯： have a/the habit of ….=be in the habit of…‎ Eg: (1)I’m trying to break the of getting up too late. ‎ A。addition B. convenience C. habit D. Leisure ‎(2)Giving children pocket money as a gift during the spring Festival is a common in China.‎ ‎ A. sense B. practice C. deed D. habit ‎(3)Are you in habit of watching Chinese football ? If you are, you will know China’s football world is terrible. A. the ; / B. the ; the C. a ; the D. / ;/‎ ‎19．Reason (n)理由，原因，道理。 （V）劝导，说服，推理 ‎ The reason why…. Is that …的理由是； for the reason of 由于…原因 ‎ Reason with sb 与某人理论，劝导某人 reason sb into/out of doing 说服某人做/不做某事 ‎【重点短语】‎ ‎(一).Add up your score and see how many points you get l add vi/vt加、增加、添加、补充说 n: addition in addition 此外 in addition to 除…之外还有 l add up 加起来，合计（动作），言之有理Add up your scores and see how many points you can get. ‎ l add up to … 加起来是、共计、共达（结果）+数字 l add … to …. 把什么加入…中 add that （从句）补充说明 l add in 包括、加进去。Please add in these items.‎ l add to 增加，加强 +抽象名词，如：difficulty/anxiety/anger/pleasure ‎ ‎ Her coming added to our pleasure.‎ ‎【达标练习】：‎ ‎(1) There have been several new events to the programmer for 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.‎ ‎ A. add B. to add C. adding D. added ‎(2) The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the task, that he had enjoyed his stay here.‎ A. having added B. to add C. adding D. added ‎(3) The engines of the ship was out of order and the bad weather the helplessness of the crew at sea.‎ ‎ A. added to S. resulted from C. turned out D. make up ‎2.p7: join in 参加；加入 join up 入伍，参军 join up with (sb.)(与某人)联合，会合 join hands（with sb.）(与某人)拉起手；合伙，联合 辨析：join/join in /take part in/attend/participate join 表示“加入党派、组织、社团、俱乐部”等，如join the Party/Youth League/army/club/organization入党/参军/加入俱乐部/加入组织 join in 表示“参加正在进行的活动”，如join in a game/discussion/conversation/walk 参加游戏/讨论/散步。亦可说：join sb. In (doing) sth.表示 “加入某人一起做某事 ” she joined us in our talk.‎ take part in 表示“参加会议、活动”等有组织的群体活动，侧重说明主语参加并发挥一定作用，如take(an active) part in a party /school activities/physical labour ‎ (积极)参加聚会/学校活动/体力活动 attend“出席或参加会议、仪式、婚礼、葬礼、典礼，上课，上学，听报告”，如attend a meeting/a sports meeting /a concert/a show/school/a lecture 参加会议/运动会/出席音乐会/出席展览会/上学/听演讲 participate 为正式用语，和介词in连用，表示积极地参与 go in for 参加某项比赛，考试。‎ ‎【重点句型】‎ ‎1. 1．While walking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car.‎ 遛狗时，你不小心松开了狗链，它被车撞了。‎ 当状语从句中的主语与主句主语一致时，且从句中含有 be 动词或从句主语为 it 且从句的谓语动词有 be(am/is/are/was/were)时，可以省略状语从句中的主语与系动词be，这时从句中可出现如下结构：‎ ‎(1)连词(when, while, though) ＋ 现在分词 She always sings while doing her work. 她干活时总唱歌。‎ ‎(2)连词(as, as if, once) ＋ 名词 As a young man, Abraham Lincoln was a storekeeper and a postmaster.‎ 亚伯拉罕·林肯年轻时当过零售店店主和邮政所所长 ‎(3)连词(when, whether, though, unless) ＋ 形容词 Though young, he works hard. 尽管很年轻，但他工作很努力。‎ ‎(4)连词(as if, whether, while) ＋ 介词短语 The stranger looked around, as if in search of something. 陌生人四处张望，好像在寻找什么。‎ ‎(5)连词(if, even if, unless, until, once, when, than) ＋ 过去分词 Don't speak until spoken to. 有人对你说话时你再说。‎ ‎(6)连词(as if, as though)＋ 不定式 The old man opened his lips as if to speak.那位老人张了张嘴，好像要讲话。‎ ‎【特别提示】‎ 如果主从句的主语不一致，从句不能用省略形式，而应使用状语从句的完整形式。例如：‎ When the driver saw the stone, he stopped the car. √‎ When seeing the stone, the driver stopped the car.√‎ When seeing the stone, the car stopped.×‎ When ________ the office, I found the naughty boy ________ beside my desk, trembling.‎ A．entered; standing B．entering; stood C．entered; stood D．entering; standing ‎2. It/This/That is the + 序数词/the very/the last/the only / the 最高级+ time that…这是某人第几次做某事。that引导的从句为定语从句常用完成时态。‎ This is the first time (that) I’ve felt really relaxed for months. 几个月来这是头一次我真的感到轻松了 That was the best film that I have seen. 那是我看过的最好的一部电影。‎ Eg: 1、It will be the first time that I ___ to America. A. have gone B. have been C. go D. will go ‎3．I didn't go downstairs until the window had to be shut.我一直等到非关窗不可的时候才下楼去。‎ ‎⇨句型：not...until...“直到……才”，在这个句型中，主句的动词必须是终止性动词。‎ He didn't know the truth until I told him. 直到我告诉他他才知道真相。‎ ‎4.I can well remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky，the song of the birds，moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound.我清楚地记得曾经有段时间蓝色的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花不会让我迷恋。‎ ‎⇨句型：There was a time when...曾经有段时间……，when引导定语从句。‎ There was a time when I was very concerned about the leftover children。‎ 曾有一段时间我很关心留守儿童。 ‎ There was a time ________ I lived peacefully on the farm.‎ A．when B．that C．which D．where ‎5．I wonder if it's because I haven't been able to be outdoors for so long that I've grown so crazy about everything to do with nature. ‎ 我不知道这是不是因为自己长久无法出门的缘故，我变得对一切与大自然有关的事物都无比狂热。‎ 本句中含有强调句型：It is/was... that... 如果强调的部分是人，可用 who 代替 that, 此句型可用来分别强调句子的主语、宾语、地点状语和时间状语。‎ 考点1 强调句型“it is/was +被强调部分+that +其它”‎ It is/ was + 被强调部分（通常是主语、宾语或状语）+ that/ who+ 其他部分。‎ ‎【思维拓展】‎ ‎1. 强调句的陈述句： Mary did the experiment in the lab yesterday evening. ‎ 强调主语： It was Mary who did the experiment in the l ab yesterday evening. ‎ 强调宾语： It was the experiment that Mary did in the lab yesterday evening. ‎ 强调时间状语：It was yesterday evening that Mary did the experiment in the lab. (注意不用when) ‎ 强调地点状语： It was in the lab that Mary did the experiment yesterday evening. (注意不用where)‎ ‎2. 强调句的一般疑问句:同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面 Was it in the street that you met him yesterday? Was it yesterday that you met him in the street?‎ Was it you that met him in the street yesterday? Was it him that you met in the street yesterday?‎ ‎3. 强调句的特殊疑问句:被强调部分（通常是疑问代词或疑问副词）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其他部分？ Who was it that you met in the street yesterday?‎ ‎4. 强调until It was not until 7 o'clock that he came. ‎ ‎5．强调句型与定语从句及其他句式的区别。即去掉强调句式结构或经过语序相应调态后原句仍成立。‎ It was because he was ill that he didn’t go to school.= He didn’t go to school because he was ill.‎ It was at midnight that I got back home yesterday./It was midnight when I got here yesterday.‎ It was two years ago that I joined the army./It is two years since I joined the army. ‎ ‎【链接高考】It’s not what we do once in a while ______ shapes our lives but what we do consistently.（2011湖南卷）A which B that C how D when ‎ 句意：不是我们偶尔所做之事而是我们持续不断所做之事决定我们的生活强调句型中固定用that。B ‎(2009·江西)It was____he came back from Africa that year________he met the girl he would like to marry.‎ A．when；then　　　　 B．not；until C．not until；that D．only；when 补： 1.have some/much / great /no /little /difficulty/ trouble /problem doing sth ‎ 2. have difficulty /trouble with sth ‎ 3. have fun /a good time /a hard time doing sth Eg: I had great difficulty ___ the suitable food on the menu in that restaurant ‎ A. find B found C．ｆｏｕｎｄ　Ｄ．　ｆｉｎｄｉｎｇ 当堂达标练习 三、完形填空 I moved to a new neighborhood two months ago. In the house with a large 21 across the road lived a taxi driver, a single parent with two school-age children. At the end of the day, he would  22 his taxi on the road. I 23 why he did not park it in the garage. ‎ Then one day I learnt that he had another car in his garage. In the afternoon he would come home 24 work, leave his taxi and go out for his 25 affairs in his other car, not in his taxi. I felt it was  26 . ‎ I was curious to see his personal car but did not make it until I  27  to be outside one evening two weeks  28 ,when the garage door was  29  and he drove out in his “own” car: a Rolls-Royce（劳斯莱斯）! It shook me completely  30  I realized what that meant. You see, he was a taxi driver. But  31  inside, he saw himself as something else: a Rolls-Royce owner and a（n） 32 . He drove others in his taxi but himself and his children in his Rolls-Royce. The world looked at his taxi and  33  him a taxi driver. But for him, a taxi was just something he drove for a living. Rolls-Royce was something he drove for a（n） 34 . ‎ We go to bed every night and  35  every morning as parents or children, not as bankers, CEOs or professors. We go for a  36  as close friends or go for a vacation as a  37 . We love life as it is. Yet often, we base our entire happiness and success on how high we  38  the social ladder—how much bigger and better a  39  we have. And we ignore our Rolls-Royce, by keeping it dusty in our garage. We should focus more on  40  we are than what we do!  21 BADDC ADADC BCACB DABDA ‎21. A. window B. garage C. door D. yard ‎22. A. park B. stop C. check D. repair ‎23. A. knew B. understood C. asked D. wondered ‎24. A. for B. out of C. without D. from ‎25. A. business B. national C. personal D. public ‎26. A. wasteful B. meaningful C. wonderful D. plentiful ‎27. A. appeared B. intended C. expected D. happened ‎28. A. later B. more C. ago D. before ‎29. A. broken B. fine C. shut D.‎ ‎ open ‎30. A. once B. before C. when D. until ‎31. A. far B. deep C. long D. little ‎32. A. driver B. engineer C. father D. son ‎33. A. called B. made C. elected D. turned ‎34. A. experience B. earning C. life D. position ‎35. A. stay up B. wake up C. stay home D. go home ‎36. A. competition B. performance C. debate D. party ‎37. A. family B. company C. team D. whole ‎38. A. build B. climb C. stand D. lay ‎39. A. house B. garage C. car D. taxi ‎40. A. who B. what C. which D. where 四、阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）‎ Friendship is one of the basic bonds (纽带) between human beings. While the characteristics of friendship might vary from one country to another, people from all cultures not only enjoy friends but need them.‎ ‎　　Many studies have shown that teenagers who have no friends often suffer from psychological disorders. It has been shown that teenagers, perhaps more than any other age group, need companionship and a sense of belonging. The negative consequences of loneliness have also been observed among the elderly. The death of a spouse often leaves a widow or a widower totally bereft (失去). If, however, they are surrounded by friends and relatives and if they are able to articulate（清楚表达） their feelings, they are more likely to recover from their grief.‎ ‎　　“No man is an island.” In other words, we are all parts of society. We all need the love, admiration, respect and moral support of other people. If we are fortunate, our friends will provide us with all of these necessary aspects of life.‎ ‎　　As most people observe, there are many levels of friendship. The degree or intensity of friendship varies depending on the personality of the individuals involved and the context of the relationships. Extroverts (性格外向者) enjoy being surrounded by many people whereas introverts（性格内向者）are perhaps ‎ content with fewer but more intense friendships.‎ ‎　　Everyone is not equally open with all their friends. The degree of intimacy (密切) is determined by many factors. Close friends can be formed at any stage in one’s life but they are usually very rare. Not very many people have more than a few really close friends. Irrespective of the level of intimacy, all friendships are based on reciprocity（相互性）, honesty and a certain amount of love and affection.‎ ‎53. The second paragraph implies that _____..‎ ‎　 A. teenagers without friends will suffer from psychological problems ‎　 B. a widow or a widower will die very soon without companionship ‎　 C. human beings need companionship and a sense of belonging D. both A and B ‎54. The degree of intimacy of friendship mainly depends on _____ .‎ ‎　 A. age B. belonging C. personality D. culture ‎55. The author thinks that close friends _____ .‎ ‎　 A. can be easily formed when one is young B. cannot be long-lasting ‎　 C. are not rare for everyone D. are rare for most people ‎56. The word “irrespective”(Last sentence, Para. 5) means _____ . CCDC ‎　 A. not respecting B. dishonoring C. regardless D. considering E In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, self help books or herbal supplements. But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.‎ Researchers are only now starting to pay attention to the importance of friendship and social networks in overall health. A 10year Australian study found that older people with a large circle of friends were 22 percent less likely to die during the study period than those with fewer friends. A large 2007 study showed an increase of nearly 60 percent in the risk for obesity among people whose friends gained weight. And last year, Harvard researchers reported that strong social ties could promote brain health as we age.‎ ‎“In general, the role of friendship in our lives isn’t well appreciated，” said Rebecca G. Adams, a professor of sociology at the University of North Carolina, Greensboro. ‎ ‎“There are a lot of things on families and marriage, but very little on friendship. It baffles me. Friendship has a bigger impact on our psychological wellbeing than family relationships.”‎ Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member.‎ It isn’t entirely clear why friendship has such a big effect. It may be because people with strong social ties also have better access to health services and care. Beyond that, however, friendship clearly has a profound psychological effect. People with strong friendships are less likely than others to get colds, perhaps because they have lower stress levels.‎ Last year, researchers studied 34 students at the University of Virginia, taking them to the base of a steep hill and fitting them with a weighted backpack. They were then asked to estimate the steepness of the hill. Some participants stood next to friends during the exercise, while others were alone.‎ The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill. And the longer the friends had known each other, the less steep the hill appeared.‎ ‎“People with stronger friendship networks feel like there is someone they can turn to，” said Karen A．Roberto, director of the center for gerontology (老年医学) at Virginia Tech.“ Friendship is an undervalued resource. The consistent message of these studies is that friends make your life better.”‎ ‎1．What’ s the main idea of the passage?‎ A. People should make friends as many as possible. B. Friendships do great good to human health.‎ C. People with friends have optimistic attitude. D. Several studies have been done on friendships.‎ ‎2．Which of the following is true?‎ A. People haven’t attached importance to friendships. B. A friend can replace doctors and self help books.‎ C. People with many friends may have higher stress levels. D. People who have friends tend to be fat.‎ ‎3．The author mentioned the study in the last three paragraphs to indicate that ________.‎ A. students should climb the steep hill with friends B. it takes a long time to make friends C. a friend in need is a friend indeed D. people accompanied by friends remain optimistic in the face of difficulty ‎4．In Paragraph 2 the author aims to tell us ________.‎ A. friendship has a strong physical effect on people’s health B. we cannot be too careful when making friends C. older people are likely to have fewer friends D. 60 percent of the people without friends will become fat when they get old ‎5．According to Karen A. Roberto, ________.‎ A. the effect of friendships is overvalued B. studies on friendships make our life better C. friends are more important than family members D. friends can help each other when faced with problems E.[语篇解读]　如何保持身心健康？相信每个人对此都很感兴趣并能给出自己的答案。本文作者向我们介绍了一个有利于身心健康的，很重要又长期被人们忽视的因素——友谊。‎ ‎1.[解析主旨大意题。文章通过几个研究结果说明友谊在促进人类身心健康方面作用巨大　B ‎2.[解析]　正误判断题。从文章第三段可知，人们尚未认识到友谊对人们身心健康的重要性。其他选项均与原文信息不符。A 3.[解析]　推理判断题。倒数第二段中“The students who stood with friends gave lower estimates of the steepness of the hill。”表明与朋友在一起的学生估计出来的坡度更小，这意味着他们面对困难能保持相对乐观的心态。D 4.[解析]　段落大意题。根据本段开头(主题句)可知答案。而且主题句后的三个研究结论都与“友谊影响身体健康”有关A 5.[解析]　推理判断题。由文章最后一段的第一句可推断出，有问题的时候朋友之间可以相互帮助，A、B、C三项不符合原文D ‎[长难句解读] 1.But they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.that引导定语从句，修饰a powerful weapon；该定语从句中有四个并列的谓语动词；their friends和a powerful weapon构成同位关系。2．Bella DePaulo, a visiting psychology professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, whose work focuses on single people and friendships, notes that in many studies, friendship has an even greater effect on health than a spouse or a family member. 本句中a visiting psychology professor at the University of California，Santa Barbara是Della DePaulo的同位语；whose work focuses on...是定语从句，修饰Bella DePaulo；notes是本句的谓语动词，后面接宾语从句。‎