2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（64）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解训练（64）

阅读理解训练（64）‎ Passage 1‎ In a recent class I was asked “What is a short story?” My first answer was that it was something that could be read in one sitting and brought an illumination（启示）to the reader, sudden and golden like sunlight cracking through heavy cloud. I went on to say that in my opinion a “real” short story was closer to poetry than to the novel.‎ Here are some definitions of the short story. My favorite is Benet's: “something that can be read in an hour and remembered for a lifetime”. One writer said: “the theme of a novel won't fit into the framework of a short story; it's like trying to squeeze a large painting done on a wall into the frame of a miniature （微型画）. And as in a miniature painting, the details need to be sharp. ”‎ The short story is an example of one aspect of human nature. Often a character undergoes some event, something that offers him or her change. This is why it’s said that short stories usually “say something ”, often a small something, but sometimes delivered with such accuracy that the effect is strongly felt, even a life-moment for some readers, something similar to a religious experience or to witnessing a never-to-be-repeated scene in nature.‎ Ok, let’s form a definition here: A short story is an account, rarely over 10, 000 words or below 500 words—more commonly 1, 500 to 5, 000 words—a single-sitting read, but with enough time and weight to move the reader. It is narrow and focused to produce an effect through the story, most commonly through events affecting some change in an individual.‎ Writer Isabelle Allende once wrote: “Novels are, for me, adding up details, just work, work, work, then you're done. Short stories are more difficult—they have to be perfect, complete in themselves. ”‎ ‎1．The writer of the passage is probably a ______.‎ A. poet B. painter C. teacher D. student ‎2．What should the ideal short story be in length?‎ A. at most 10, 000 words B. below 500 words ‎ C. over 5, 000words D. around 2, 000 words ‎3．The underlined word “undergoes ” in the third paragraph probably means “________ ”.‎ A. experiences B. discovers C. discusses D. appreciates ‎4．What would be the best title for the passage?‎ A. How Do You Write a Short Story? B. What Exactly Is a Short Story?‎ C. Is a Short Story Similar to Poetry? D. Are Short Stories Perfect and Complete?‎ 答案 CDAB Passage 2‎ Over 2,000 years, the examination of the pulse has been a mysterious skill in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Although many westerners may have known something about methods like inspecting, listening and enquiring, pulse reading as a tool to determine physical condition is not common knowledge. It is therefore worth our effort to take a closer look at it.‎ There are three positions on each wrist which are used for analysis: the front, middle and back part, and analyzed at three different levels: superficial, middle and deep.‎ On the left wrist, the front position focuses on the condition of the heart and small intestine (小肠), the middle position concentrates on the functions of the liver and gall bladder, and the back position is connected with the kidney. The lungs and large intestine are the centre of attention in the front position on the right wrist, with the middle position focusing on the spleen and stomach and the back taking note of the “Gate of Vitality Fire’. This is the heat provider for all bodily functions.‎ In regards to the various levels, the superficial level reflects the state of energy, the middle level shows the state of blood flow, and the deep level is an indication of the state of the Yin organs. Suppose that the pulse in the left middle position was soft and smooth, neither superficial nor deep, it would suggest that the liver and gall bladder are in a good state of health.‎ Checking the pulse is actually far more complex. Doctors need to be able to recognize 26 different pulse categories. For example, a scattered pulse which is irregular and hardly noticeable, is a sign that a patient is critically ill and nearing death. Other categories include the rapid pulse, probably a sign of a fever; or the tense pulse, which may suggest that the patient is suffering from pain. Many pulses only have subtle differences; thus, pulse examination is often seen as being more than just a skill but an actual art form.‎ This kind of medical diagnosis can be affected by many factors, so before any examination, it is important that patients are in a relaxed physical and mental state so they can get the most accurate reading. The morning is often the best time to take such a reading, as a busy day in the office or vigorous exercise before seeing the doctor can influence the quality of the pulse. The right amount of pressure must be applied by the doctor for the right duration of time. Patients’ characteristics are also of importance. Children, for instance, have quick pulses and athletes have slower than usual ones. Even seasonal influences need to be taken into account.‎ ‎5. Which of the following is the most suitable title for this passage?‎ A. Chinese Pulse Checking B. Difficulties in Pulse Checking C. What Makes a Good Doctor D. Brief Introduction to Traditional Chinese Medicine ‎6. Which factor is NOT mentioned as possibly influencing the accuracy of a pulse reading?‎ A. Amount of force used. B. Time of day.‎ C. Climate. D. Body height.‎ ‎7. From the passage we can infer that the writer believes __________.‎ A. Chinese medicine is too difficult to learn B. pulse reading requires a long-time study and practice C. doctors need to be familiar with Chinese history D. pulse examination is unimportant and no longer necessary 答案 ADB ‎ Passage 3‎ Read the postcards and choose the best answer for each question.‎ Bikaner‎ 13/1/2007‎ Dear Youming,‎ Have arrived in Bikaner leaving Delhi behind us. Unfortunately there just wasn’t enough time to see everything in only four days. Outside Bikaner’s city walls are miles of desert wilderness. Tomorrow I look forward to exploring the wall itself. The sandstone architecture is said to be incredible. We are also going to take a camel ride through some of the desert. Can you picture me on a camel? I’ll make sure that I have lots of photographs taken. After three days here the next stop is Jaipur.‎ Love,‎ Lisa Delhi‎ 8/1/2007‎ Dear Mum and Dad,‎ We have just arrived in India and are in the bustling and exciting city of Delhi. This morning we visited the Red Fort. There we found magnificent palaces, mosques and splendid buildings. I could have spent hours there. This afternoon, amongst other things, we visited the India Gate---a memorial for Indian soldiers lost at war earlier this century. The gates were the largest I have ever seen.‎ Wish you were here,‎ Lisa ‎21/1/2007‎ Dear Jinao,‎ So far so good. Once we arrived in Agra, we went straight to the Taj Mahal. I have never seen anything so wonderful. They said that it would look something like Humuyan’s Tomb（Delhi）and it does! There really is nothing more amazing than the brilliant white of the Taj shimmering in the daylight. Apparently the pollution poses a real threat to it. We really covered a great deal in three days here.‎ It’s been an amazing experience and I’m sorry that we’ll be flying home this evening.‎ Bye for now.‎ Lisa Jaipur 17/1/2007‎ Dear Libing,‎ I am writing from the Johari bazaar in Jaipur. This is a wonderful jewellery market. I’ve found all sorts of intriguing treasures. This morning we visited the Hawa Mahal,”The palace of the Winds”. It is the most incredible structure. The façade of the palace is all windows and filigree screens. Yesterday we visited the City‎ ‎Palace and the Jantar Mantar. After two days here, the next stop is Agra where I look forward to visiting the fort and the Taj.‎ See you soon,‎ Lisa ‎8. The order in which Lisa visited the cities is ______.‎ A. Delhi‎, Bikaner, Agra, Jaipur B. Delhi‎, Bikaner, Jaipur, Agra C. Jaipur, Bikaner, Agra, Delhi D. Bikaner‎, Delhi, Jaipur, Agra ‎9. According to the postcards, which of the following statements is TRUE? Lisa _______.‎ A. was hesitant about going on a camel ride B. visited the Hawa Mahal and the City‎ ‎Palace on the same day.‎ C. did not have the opportunity to visit the India Gate D. did not get to see as much of Delhi as she would have liked ‎10. The aspect of the Taj Mahal that impressed Lisa the most was its ________.‎ A. colour B. shape C. location D. size ‎11. The postcards from Lisa about her trip to India indicate that ______.‎ A. she plans to return to India some day soon B. the hotels she stayed in had excellent service C. the people she met in India were friendly D. she thoroughly enjoyed her trip 答案 BDAD Passage 4‎ Martha’s Vineyard has long been considered a favorite quiet of the Northeast. The vineyard is rich in history, breathtaking beaches, and beautiful scenery. It is well known for its unique lighthouses – you’ll enjoy the variety and the history of each lighthouse, among the most photographed structures on the Vineyard. When the former First Family, the Clintons, chose to vacation on the island several years ago, it became a more popular tourist attraction.‎ Martha’s Vineyard‎ got its name from its discoverer, Bartholomew Gosnold, who gave it the name of his wife Martha and was in memory of the thick growth of wild trees on the land.‎ The island of Martha’s Vineyard lies south of Cape Cod off the southeastern coast of Massachusetts，United States. It is nearly 20 miles long and runs from 2 to 10 miles in width. There are wide, hard beaches on the southern side. The north is hilly, but in the south and eastern parts there are wide areas of open land covered with wild flowers. ‎ The island was discovered early in the 17th century. The Indians were quiet and friendly, and the new-comers fished for a living, making a lot of money from whaling (捕鲸). With the decline (衰落) of whaling and sailing ships, Martha’s Vineyard was almost forgotten until about 60 years ago when people began to buy the old houses of the whaling captains and the small buildings of the fishermen near the beaches. Now people go there year after year for their summer holidays. ‎ ‎12．What is Martha’s Vineyard famous for?‎ ‎ A．Lighthouses. B．A long history. ‎ ‎ C．Friendly Indians. D．Fishing industry.‎ ‎13．Which of the following maps tells where Martha’s Vineyard is？ ‎ ‎ （Mas = Massachusetts；C = Cape Cod；M = Martha's Vineyard）‎ ‎14．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?‎ ‎ A．How the island got its name. B．The population of the island.‎ ‎ C．The scenery of the island. D．When the island was discovered.‎ ‎15．When you visit Martha’s Vineyard, .‎ ‎ A．you can see a lot of hills in the eastern parts ‎ B．you can enjoy the sunshine on the beach on the northern side ‎ C．you can live in the fishermen’s old houses in the hills ‎ D．you can see different kinds of lighthouses and learn about the history 答案 ACBD Passage 5‎ Are you a team person? Are you at your best as part of a small, tightly united group of dedicated workers? If so, the future may hold more for you than you think.‎ High technology, some predicted, would make team work a thing of the past. That’s happening in those areas of business and data processing where one person and a computer can replace a team of workers.‎ But, elsewhere, teamwork is very much alive. High technology has led to a new type of teamwork in a number of fields, including advertising, scientific research, engineering design, architecture and ocean exploration. Through computer networking, scientists, engineers and technicians at different locations – often thousands of miles apart – can work on the same project at once. They can exchange ideas, try out different designs and test their results.‎ Examples? An engineering team can now design and try out a robot system, a new manufacturing process, or an entire factory before it is built. An architectural team can do the same with a building or a bridge. A medical team can simulate (模拟) a dangerous operation before performing it on a patient.‎ Of course, computer – assisted team effort doesn’t end with investigation and simulation. It now usually continues into actual design, manufacturing and testing. “Computer – aide design (CAD) and computer – aided manufacture (CAM) are breaking down barriers between traditional design and manufacturing functions,” explains Dr. Prakash Rao, an engineering manager at General Electric. “Interdisciplinary (跨学科的) teams and engineers follow a product from concept to production. Everything is interconnected like a network.”‎ Sometimes a computer – aided effort can extend beyond production. A team that produces robots may use them to explore space and ocean depth. For high – technology team work, the future seems limitless.‎ ‎16. The underlined part “hold more” most probably means to .‎ A. maintain more chances B. give more rights ‎ C. make more regulations D. store more information ‎17. According to the passage, the writer believers that .‎ A. teamwork requires more use of computers than that of human beings B. teamwork will be completely replaced by computers C. the concept of teamwork is still alive and no longer the same as the past D. high technology would make teamwork a thing of the past ‎18. The examples given by the writer in Paragraph 4 serve .‎ A. to prove high technology has a promising future B. to explain his idea of new type of teamwork is reasonable C. to show that it tends to be an end to teamwork soon D. to indicate the computer – assisted team effort just means investigation and simulation.‎ ‎19. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?‎ A. Many fields of science and technology are now using computers effectively.‎ B. No details are given in the passage about barriers between traditional desigand manufacturing functions.‎ C. Experts from different fields have to cooperate to develop a product from concept to production.‎ D. High technology is nothing but a new type of teamwork plus CAD and CAM. ‎ ‎20. The author’s attitude to towards the introduction of the computer to teamwork is of .‎ A. objection B. indifference C. support D. doubt 答案 ACBDC Passage 6‎ Some critics of American society say that dishonesty is rampant (猖獗) in the Federal Government. One example they city took place during March and April, 1980. For a whole month, they say, the United States lied to its allies (同盟国).‎ Cyrus Vance, who was then Secretary of State, was given the task of telling Great Britain, Japan, France, Germany and others that the United States would not take military action against Iran as long as we had the cooperation of our allies. Secretary of State Vance knew that the sudden attack to get out the American captives was already planned while he was talking to our allies. But he also knew that the reason for this deliberate lying was to save lives. The primary purpose of the deception(欺骗) was not to trick our allies but to mislead the Iranian kidnappers(绑架者) so that a rescue attempt could take place. ‎ ‎ Many students of ethics believe that lying for the sake of one’s country is justifiedin certain cases. In this case, having lied for the sake of his country, Secretary Vance secretly wrote a letter of resignation before the attack took place. By submitting(提交) his resignation before the attack, he showed that the result had nothing to do with his resignation. It can be said that former Secretary of State Vance deceived other governments only for humanitarian reasons. Then, once he had lied, he resigned.‎ ‎ In that case, it is argued, lying may be justified. Without the deception, the rescue mission could not have taken place. Of course, dishonesty in government—at local, state and national levels—does not always have such noble reasons. A prime example is the so called Watergate Affair.‎ Most Americans were surprised and outraged by the news of Watergate Affair. But many Europeans were surprised at our surprise. Some European observers explained that they tend to ‎ think of lying；cheating, deception and corruption(腐败) as part of politics and government.‎ ‎21. Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance lied, to the allies__________.‎ A. to mislead Iranian government B. on the purpose of saving lives C. for the sake of his own benefit D. in order to get their cooperation ‎22. From the passage we learn that the United States ___________. ‎ A. tricked their allies into attacking Iran ‎ B. took military action to capture Iranian kidnappers C. undertook a rescue mission with the help of their allies D. carried out an attack to rescue some Americans from the Iranian kidnappers ‎23. According to the passage, many students regard Vance’s lying as________.‎ A. a reason for his resignation B. reasonable and acceptable C. unbelievable and unreasonable D. an indication of his dishonesty ‎24. The author, like most Americans, regards the Watergate Affair as___________.‎ A. uncommon in politics and government B. part of politics and government C. justified dishonesty in government D. a lie with noble reason ‎ ‎25. What is the best title of the passage?‎ A. The US government – a responsible government. ‎ B. Cooperation means military success.‎ C. Should all dishonesty be criticized? ‎ D. Lying, a normal phenomenon in Europe.‎ 答案 21.B 22.D 23.B 24.A 25.C Passage 7‎ BEIJING，Feb．28，2008(Xinhua)—China plans to carry out its first spacewalk in second half of the year，an official of the nation's manned space program said here on Thursday．‎ ‎ The Shenshou Ⅶ spacecraft will be launched from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center in the northwestern province‎ of ‎Gansu late in the year and the astronauts will leave their spaceship for the first time, the official told Xinhua ‎ Compared with the previous two manned space flights，the upcoming Shenzhou Ⅶ space mission is more complex．Besides the spacewalk，the crew is also expected to perform extra-vehicular work such as fixing and tightening equipment．The spaceship will also release a small inspection satellite，which keeps an eye on its own performance．‎ ‎ China may live broadcast the first ever spacewalk．“The Shenzhou Ⅶ spaceship is able to live-broadcast the walk，but it has not been decided whether the spacewalk will be broadcast in a live or recorded version．”the official told Xinhua．‎ ‎ Breakthroughs have been made in significant techniques related to the spacewalk．Research into the development of spaceship and rockets has been going smoothly，and astronauts have undertaken extensive training，according to the official．‎ ‎ “The Shenzhou Ⅶ mission will start the second phase of China's three-stage space program”‎ said the official．‎ ‎ In the second stage，China plans further breakthroughs in manned space flight，such as space walks．In this phase，China will put into orbit a space laboratory staffed by humans for short periods and create a fully-equipped space engineering system．‎ ‎ In the third stage，China will build a permanent space station and a space engineering system Astronauts and scientists will travel between the Earth and the space station to conduct large-scale experiments．‎ ‎26．The news mainly tells its readers that ‎ ‎ A．China intends to conduct a spacewalk for the first time ‎ B．China plans to launch her third manned space flight ‎ C．China tries to live broadcast her first-time spacewalk ‎ D．China prepares to start her third-stage space program ‎27．What is included in the second stage of China's three-stage space program?‎ ‎ A．Creating an ever-lasting space station for astronauts ‎ B．Placing a man-staffed lab into orbit for long periods．‎ ‎ C．Carrying out large-scale experiments in laboratories．‎ ‎ D．Setting up a fully-equipped space engineering System．‎ ‎28．It can be learned from the passage that ‎ ‎ A．important technique about spacewalk remains uncertain in spite of researches．‎ ‎ B．spacewalk is the only factor that leads to Shenzbou Ⅶ mission's complexity．‎ ‎ C．due to Shenzhou Ⅶ's inability，it's uncertain how to broadcast the spacewalk．‎ ‎ D．our country is getting along quite well with developing spaceship and rockets ‎29．What's the main function of the inspection satellite?‎ ‎ A．To keep an eye on the Shenzhou Ⅶ's performance ‎ B．To keep watch on the weather changes．‎ ‎ C．To broadcast the TV programmers．‎ ‎ D．To work as a detector for the space flight．‎ ‎30．Which of the following tasks is NOT to be performed by the Shenzbou Ⅶ?‎ ‎ A．Carrying out a spacewalk．‎ ‎ B．Performing some repair work．‎ ‎ C．Releasing a small inspection satellite．‎ ‎ D．Building a permanent space station and a space engineering system．‎ 答案 26.A 27.D 28.D 29.A 30 B ‎ Passage 8‎ ‎ The words “timetable” and “schedule” make most final year students want to eat their own vomit（呕吐物）. Unfortunately, the harsh reality is that final year students must develop a timetable. If you don’t have a schedule or plan for studying ,you will have no way of allocating ‎ your valuable time when the unexpected arises. A well-thought-out timetable can be a lifesaver . It is up to you to learn how to develop a schedule that meets your needs .Change it if necessary ,but most important ,follow it . All timetables should be made with the idea that they can be changed. A good one will keep you from wandering off course.‎ ‎ A good timetable should make every hour count—every class ,social event and other activity you engage in .You must focus on the other “free time” available and how you will use it .Make a weekly schedule and divided each day into one-hour increments .Indicate times for classes ,socializing ,and work time. Also block off a period for sleeping every day. In the precious hours left over ,plan time for study .This gives you a rough road map of the time available. Of course ,you can change your schedule as circumstances need.‎ ‎ The timetable you develop should guide you in how to distribute the available time in the most productive manner .Sticking to your schedule can be tough ,but don’t dribble away valuable time. Avoiding study is the easiest thing in the world .It is up to you to follow the schedule you’ve prepared .A good deal of your success in high school and with any future study depends on this simple truth.‎ ‎ Remember ,there is a learning curve. You learn the most in the first 30 minutes of study; after that ,it progressively deteriorates（减弱）. After four or five hours of studying the same material in the same way, you are learning virtually nothing. The solution is to keep switching subjects and study styles.‎ ‎31．What is the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A．Advantages of starting a timetable B．Keep to it ,and you will succeed ‎ C．Make a schedule ,and follow it D．Learn to love your timetable ‎32．What does Paragraph 2 talk about?‎ ‎ A．Tips for making a schedule. B．Significance of a scientific timetable.‎ ‎ C．Requirements for making a timetable. D．Importance of following one’s schedule.‎ ‎33．The following are characteristics of a good timetable EXCEPT that .‎ ‎ A．it can be changed B．it is flexible ‎ C．it is of many periods D．it can save our time ‎34．From this passage ,we can learn if we wish to achieve high learning efficiency, we’d better .‎ ‎ A．shift subjects and use different methods regularly ‎ B．devote to the same material continuously ‎ C．turn to teachers for help if necessary ‎ D．have a break every thirty minutes 答案 CADA Passage 9‎ ‎ The decision to enter F1 and compete at the highest level of motorsport was an intended move by Toyota, the world’s third largest auto manufacturer ,to further challenge its own ‎ capabilities. By going head-to-head with the industry’s top performers on the world’s premier racing stage ,the Japanese giant was setting itself a huge task. A sport with an enormous international following, the risks of entering the F1 arena are high—but there are rich rewards for those who succeed .Besides being a showcase for state-of-the-art technology, the intense competition in this most demanding of racing disciplines leaves no room for self-satisfaction. More importantly, it fosters（培养）the kind of forward-thinking team spirit that Toyota is seeking.‎ ‎ While F1 benefited greatly from the added prestige of having such a distinguished newcomer among its competitors ,the demands placed on Panasonic Toyota Racing last year revealed the shortcomings of not having enough experience as a team .Mistakes were made and valuable lessons were learned ,among which was the fundamental truth: “To stand still in F1 is to go backwards.”‎ ‎ With the past in mind ,preparations for the 2003 season included sweeping changes on both the technical and personnel（人事的）sides. The management at Toyota Motorsport GmbH was restructured , with John Howett moving from Toyota Motor Marketing Europe to become President ,thus enabling the company founder , Ove Andersson ,more time to concentrate on the operation of the race team at the track .Andersson’s value as an inspirational leader was one of the team’s biggest assets（财富）in 2002.‎ ‎35．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?‎ ‎ A．To go backwards ,Toyota has to stand still.‎ ‎ B．If Toyota doesn’t make improvements ,they will fall behind.‎ ‎ C．Keeping calm will help go forward.‎ ‎ D．In order to keep up with other teams ,Toyota has to stand still.‎ ‎36．We can learn from the passage that .‎ ‎ A．Toyota entered F1 to enlarge its market.‎ ‎ B．Entering F1 is low risk but rich rewarding.‎ ‎ C．Toyota team has always been experienced.‎ ‎ D．Toyota made good preparations for the 2003 season.‎ ‎37．What will the next paragraph talk about if the passage goes on?‎ ‎ A．Preparations for the 2003 season.‎ ‎ B．The value of Ove Andersson.‎ ‎ C．How to improve the European market.‎ ‎ D．Changes on technical side.‎ 答案 BDDD Passage 10‎ Babies are not just passing idle time when they stare goggle-eyed at the television—they are actually learning about the world, U.S. researchers said. Parents may want t limit what their babies see on television , based on the study, said Donna Mumme, assistant professor of psychology at Tufts University in Boston, who led the research. “Children as young as 12 months are making ‎ decisions based n the emotional(情感的)reactions of adults around them,” Mumme said in a statement. “It turns out they can also use emotional information they pick up from television. This means that adults might want to think twice before they speak in a loud and harsh voice or let a baby see television programs meant for information about the world. A mother urging her baby to eat some “yummy” soup on a brother crying in fear when a dog approaches can influence a baby’s reaction. Mumme’s team tested babies to determine. If television has the same influence, showing actors reacting on a videotape to objects such as red spiral letter holder, a blue humpy ball, and a yellow garden hose attachment. Babies aged 10 months or 12 months were later given the same objects to play with. Ten-month-olds did not seem to e influenced by the video buy the 1-year-olds were. When the actors acted neutrally or positively to an object, the babies happily played with them. But if the actor had seemed afraid or disgusted, the babies would avoid the object.‎ ‎38．Psychology is the study of .‎ ‎ A．human’s society and its growth ‎ B．human’s hopes had dreams ‎ C．human’s mind and behaviors ‎ D．human’s languages and cultures ‎39．Which of the following is Mumme’s conclusion?‎ ‎ A．Small babies should not be allowed to watch television programs.‎ ‎ B．Adults need to think twice before they act in front of small babies.‎ ‎ C．TV programs provide small babies with all the information they need.‎ ‎ D．One-year-olds can be emotionally influenced by TV programs.‎ ‎40．Mumme reached his conclusion by .‎ ‎ A．measuring the time babies spent in front of TV. ‎ ‎ B．making TV programs and advertisements for kids.‎ ‎ C．showing actors how to react to blue bumpy balls ‎ D．observing small babies’ reactions to TV programs ‎41．Which of the following may the study lead to according to the researchers?‎ ‎ A．Parents may want to limit what their babies see on television.‎ ‎ B．Actors may try to behave themselves well in front of babies.‎ ‎ C．Babies may be allowed to choose what they see on TV.‎ ‎ D．Scientists may stop ignoring babies’ emotional world.‎ 答案 CDDA Passage 11‎ People tend to become more personal and hide less of themselves when using email. Researchers from Open University in Britain have found in a recent study that there are good reasons for this.‎ ‎ The team of researchers asked 83 pairs of students, all strangers to each other, to solve a ‎ problem. They had to discuss this question: If only five people in the world could be saved from a world disaster, who should they be? The pairs of students had to talk over the problem either face to face or by computers. Dr. Johnson said, “They told their partners four times as much about themselves when they talked over the Internet as when they talked face to face. When the computers were fitted with cameras so that students could see each other, this limited the personal side of the conversation.”‎ ‎ Generally the information was not extremely personal. It was mainly about things such as where they went to school, or where they used to live. But some students discussed their love stories, and personal childhood experiences.‎ ‎ Dr Johnson believes that emailing encourages people to focus on themselves. And when they do this, they become more open, especially if there are no cameras. “If you cannot see the other person, it becomes easier to talk about yourself. This is because you are not thinking what the other person is thinking of you. So emailing has become the modern way of talking,” said Dr. Johnson. However, this style of talking is not entirely new. “In the 19th century people started to use the ‘telegraph’ to communicate. Now the same kind of thing has happened and people ended up speaking more freely.”‎ ‎ Dr. Johnson thinks that emailers need to know about these effects of emailing, especially when they start work in a company. “ If you don’t know about it, you could find yourself saying more about yourself than you wanted to.”‎ ‎42. The subject discussed in this passage is _______.‎ ‎ A. how people open up when emailing B. how people do research studies ‎ C. how to communicate at work D. how to discuss and solve a problem ‎43. The reason that some couples talked freely about themselves is that _______.‎ ‎ A. they didn’t talk about very personal things 　　B. they couldn’t see each other ‎ C. the cameras on the computers were turned on 　　D. they had to discuss a question ‎44. What does the underlined sentence refer to?‎ ‎ A. The telegraph. B. The computer. C. Emailing. D. Face-to-face talk.‎ ‎45. In the writer’s opinion, one should ______.‎ ‎ A. focus on oneself when emailing B. talk more freely in emails than usual ‎ C. discuss any subject that one wants to D. consider how one uses email at work 答案 ABCD Passage 12‎ In our culture, the sources of what we call a sense of “mastery” —feeling important and ‎ worthwhile—and the sources of what we call a sense of “pleasure”—finding life enjoyable—are not always the same. Women often are told “You can’t have it all.” Sometimes what the speaker really is saying is: “You choose a career, so you can’t expect to have closer relationships or a happy family life.” or “You have a wonderful husband and children—what’s all this about wanting a career?” But women need to understand and develop both aspects of well-being, if they ‎ are to feel good about themselves.‎ Our study shows that, for women, well-being has two aspects. One is mastery, which includes self-respect, a sense of control over your life, and low levels of anxiety and depression. Mastery is closely related to the “doing” side of life, to work and activity. Pleasure is the other aspect, and it is made up of happiness, satisfaction and optimism. It is tied more closely to the “feeling” side of life. The two are independent of each other. A woman could be high in mastery and low in pleasure, and vice versa（反之亦然）. For example, a woman who has a good job, but whose mother has just died, might be feeling very good about herself and in control of her work life, but the pleasure side could be damaged for a time.‎ The concepts of mastery and pleasure can help us identify the sources of well-being for women, and correct past mistakes. In the past, women were encouraged to look only at the feeling side of life as the source of all well-being. But we know that both mastery and pleasure are important. And mastery seems to be achieved largely through work. In our study, all the groups of employed women were valued significantly higher in mastery than women who were not employed.‎ A woman’s well-being is developed when she takes on multiple（多项的）roles. At least by middle adulthood, the women who were involved in a combination of roles—marriages, motherhood, and employment—were the highest in well-being, in spite of warnings about stress and strain.‎ ‎46. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that ________.‎ ‎ A. for women, a sense of “mastery” is more important than a sense of “pleasure”‎ ‎ B. for women, a sense of “pleasure” is more important than a sense of “mastery”‎ ‎ C. women can’t have a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” at the same time ‎ D. a sense of “mastery” and a sense of “pleasure” are both necessary to women ‎47. The author’s attitude towards women having a career is________.‎ ‎ A. negative B. positive C. neutral（中立的） D. realistic ‎48. One can conclude from the passage that if a woman takes on several social roles,________.‎ ‎ A. it will be easier for her to overcome stress and strain ‎ B. she will be more successful in her career C. her chances of getting promoted will be greater ‎ D. her life will be richer and more meaningful ‎49. Which of the following can be considered as a source of “pleasure” for women?‎ ‎ A. Family life B. Multiple roles in society ‎ C. Regular employment D. Freedom from anxiety 答案 DBDA Passage 13‎ Americans are pound of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star ‎ general．Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?‎ Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian（百姓的）clothes．People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform．The television repairman who wears uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes．Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform．What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity（身份）than to step out of uniform?‎ ‎　　Uniforms also have many practical benefits．They save on other clothes．They save on laundry bills．They are tax-deductible（可减税的）．They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.‎ ‎　　Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them．Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement．When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.‎ ‎　　Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems．Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes．Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.‎ ‎50．It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality _______.‎ ‎　 A．still judge a man by his clothes ‎　 B．hold the uniform in such high regard ‎　 C．enjoy having a professional identity ‎　 D．will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform ‎51．People are accustomed to think that a man in uniform _______.‎ ‎　 A．suggests quality work ‎　 B．discards his social identity ‎　 C．appears to be more practical ‎　 D．looks superior to a person in civilian clothes ‎52．The chief function of a uniform is to _______.‎ ‎　 A．provide practical benefits to the wearer ‎　 B．make the wearer catch the public eye C．inspire the wearer’s confidence in himself ‎　 D．provide the wearer with a professional identity ‎53．According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _______.‎ ‎　 A．are usually helpful ‎　 B．have little or no individual freedom ‎　 C．tend to lose their individuality ‎　 D．enjoy greater popularity ‎54．The best title for this passage would be _______.‎ ‎　 A．Uniforms and Society ‎　 B．The Importance of Wearing a Uniform ‎　 C．Practical Benefits of Wearing a Uniform ‎　 D．Advantages and Disadvantages of Uniforms 答案 BADCD