2021高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时作业 人教版选修8

2021高考英语一轮复习Unit3Inventorsandinventions课时作业 人教版选修8

Unit 3　Inventors and inventions Ⅰ.阅读理解 ‎[2019·石家庄市高三模拟考试(二)]As carmakers push ahead with selfdriving vehicles, an Austrian aerospace company and its Chinese partner showed off their pilotless “flying taxi” for the first time in Europe on Thursday.‎ The drone (无人驾驶飞机) hummed loudly as it rose above the ground at Vienna's Generali Arena, home to soccer club FK Austria Wien. The slim plane, which weighs 750 pounds, circled in the air briefly and came down within a few minutes.‎ The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production, said Derrick Xiong, cofounder of Chinese drone maker EHang. The drone can fly at up to 150 km per hour for almost half an hour, FACC AG Chief Executive Officer Robert Machtlinger said. “It can travel between 50 and 70 kilometers depending on the load.” The passenger capsule is small, with leg room that taller passengers might find less than adequate, an Austrian photographer who took part in a demonstration (演示) flight told Reuters.‎ Joining the race for new autonomous aircraft services that do not require runways, EHang entered a strategic partnership last year with Austria's FACC AG, owned by Chinese aerospace group AVIC, aiming to offer shortdistance services for passengers, industrial equipment and urgent medical deliveries. FACC AG says it has already received several thousand orders for the $336,000 drone, with the highest demand in China. Competitors working toward offering autonomous flying cars early in the next decade range from aerospace company Airbus to Uber and AeroMobil.‎ ‎“Technically ... urban mobility, flying without a pilot, is possible. It's not a dream，” said Machtlinger. “What is stopping us from going into larger volumes (量) is regulation，” he added. “A future legal framework for autonomous flying vehicles should regulate communication with other planes and helicopters and provide traffic rules，” he said. Austria supports international efforts to quickly establish the necessary regulation, said transport minister Norbert Hofer. He hopes that Austria will be the place where thousands of these air taxis will be built and that very soon we will see a lot of these air taxis in the air.‎ ‎1．What stage of development is the EHang 216 at?‎ A．It's being tested comprehensively.‎ - 9 -‎ B．It's ready for mass production.‎ C．It's ready for demonstration flights.‎ D．It's being adapted to customer demands.‎ ‎2．What do we know about the EHang 216?‎ A．Its maximum load is 750 pounds.‎ B．It can carry two passengers.‎ C．It can fly for almost an hour.‎ D．It can travel over 70 kilometers.‎ ‎3．What is a big barrier to a wider use of flying taxis?‎ A．Technical problems.‎ B．Objection of the government.‎ C．Lack of related rules.‎ D．Competition between aerospace companies.‎ ‎4．How does the author introduce the EHang 216?‎ A．By comparing it with similar products.‎ B．By explaining how it works.‎ C．By providing specific data of it.‎ D．By demonstrating its multifunctions.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·沈阳监测一]Whoever wrote the song “It's the Most Wonderful Time of the Year” must have never experienced the holiday blues. Fortunately, psychological research suggests some effective ways you can use to beat the holiday blues. The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid. __1__. Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday season.‎ Don't force cheer At family gatherings with cousins you secretly can't stand, you tend to put on a happy face. Indeed, that might even seem like the most mature response — no drama, no conflict. But a 2011 study followed dozens of bus drivers, looking to see when they gave forced or honest smiles at their passengers. The results showed when the drivers pretended to have a good mood, their actual moods got worse. __2__.‎ Let out sadness The results of the busdriver study can be explained by researchers, who find that negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control - 9 -‎ ‎ them. __3__. We don't like contradictory behavior.‎ Respond cautiously Recently, scientists have been paying special attention to the benefits of caution. When you respond cautiously to an emotional trigger, you pause rather than react at once. __4__. Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits.‎ ‎__5__‎ Of course, the holidays will bring a mix of highs and lows, but the most important lesson to keep in mind is that this variety of emotions might be the best thing possible for your overall wellbeing. In other words, sadness, anger, and other difficult emotions are nothing to fear. Just make sure you're balancing them with lighter experiences. And don't forget to give yourself a break.‎ A．Relax your mind B．Enjoy a mix of emotions C．We tend to deny the important function emotions serve D．Instead, they can help contribute to a healthy and happy life E．So trying to force happiness seems to have the opposite effects F．A cautious response to a negative event reduces sadness we experience G．We feel bad when our appearance contradicts how we truly feel inside Ⅲ.完形填空 ‎[2020·洛阳市第二次统考]On Dec. 6, Kelsey Zwick boarded Flight 588 from Orlando to Philly with Lucy, one of her 11monthold twin daughters. Lucy was born 11 weeks prematurely and __1__ from severe lung disease as a result of a complication (并发症) of that. The brave baby girl was on oxygen __2__ until recently. Today, Lucy needs oxygen at night and while __3__ — one small good deed reminded Zwick how “__4__” she and her husband, Yuri, truly are.‎ ‎“To the __5__ in 2D. I don't know you, but I imagine you saw us __6__. I was pushing a stroller (轻便婴儿车), had a diaper (尿布) bag on my arm and was also __7__ an oxygen machine for my daughter，” Zwick wrote on her post. “We __8__ the plane, sat down in our window seat and made __9__ to those around us about having to sit by my yellingbuthappy baby. The flight attendant came over and told me a gentleman was waiting to __10__ seats，” she wrote. “You were giving up your comfortable, firstclass seat to us. Not able to __11__ tears, I cried my way up the - 9 -‎ ‎ __12__ while my daughter Lucy __13__！ She felt it in her bones too ... real, pure goodness. I smiled and thanked you as we switched but didn't get to __14__ you properly，” the mom continued.‎ ‎“So ... thank you. Not just for the seat itself but for __15__. For seeing us and realizing that maybe things are not __16__ easy. For deciding you wanted to show a random act of __17__ to us. I can't wait to tell Lucy someday. In the meantime ... we will pay it __18__.”‎ Zwick's story touched the hearts of many, giving rise to __19__ comments on the post that has since been __20__ over 164,000 times.‎ ‎1．A.recovers　　　　　　　B．suffers C．results D．benefits ‎2．A.test B．health C．survival D．support ‎3．A.playing B．flying C．sleeping D．growing ‎4．A.astonished B．amused C．lucky D．anxious ‎5．A.man B．attendant C．assistant D．guide ‎6．A.somewhere B．anywhere C．nowhere D．everywhere ‎7．A.filling B．pumping C．following D．dragging ‎8．A.booked B．reserved C．preboarded D．quit ‎9．A.complaints B．comments C．offers D．jokes ‎10．A.choose B．switch C．accept D．occupy ‎11．A.burst into B．give back C．hold back D．break into ‎12．A.passage B．airport C．flight D．pilot ‎13．A.shouted B．crawled - 9 -‎ C．talked D．laughed ‎14．A.meet B．thank C．recognise D．greet ‎15．A.noticing B．donating C．reminding D．forgiving ‎16．A.just B．right C．always D．ever ‎17．A.forgiveness B．advantage C．kindness D．donation ‎18．A.forward B．downward C．backward D．toward ‎19．A.passive B．supportive C．possible D．negative ‎20．A.made B．chosen C．researched D．shared Ⅳ.书面表达 ‎[2020·河南五校上学期联考]假定你是李华，近期你校要举行以“古韵展新风(Ancient Art and New Stage)”为主题的校运动会开幕式，请你写一封电子邮件邀请留学生朋友Peter来观看。要点如下：‎ ‎1．写信目的；‎ ‎2．开幕式时间；‎ ‎3．特色节目(太极拳表演等)。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 课时作业(三十八)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 体裁：说明文　题材：科技　主题：无人驾驶“飞行出租车”‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了奥地利航空公司和它的中国合作伙伴首次展示的无人驾驶“飞行出租车”的相关情况。‎ - 9 -‎ ‎【难句分析】　Machtlinger said. “It can travel between 50 and 70 kilometers depending on the load.” The passenger capsule is small, with leg room that taller passengers might find less than adequate, an Austrian photographer who took part in a demonstration (演示) flight told Reuters. (Para. 3)‎ 分析：that引导定语从句，先行词是leg room；who引导定语从句，先行词是an Austrian photographer。‎ 译文：乘客舱非常小，个子高的乘客可能会发现上面带有的供腿脚活动的空间不太充足，一位参加了一次飞行演示的奥地利摄影师告诉路透社。‎ ‎1．B　考查细节理解。本题问的是“EHang 216处于什么发展阶段？”。根据题干中的关键词the EHang 216定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers, has been tested comprehensively and is essentially ready for mass production”可知，正确答案为B。‎ ‎2．B　考查细节理解。本题问的是“关于EHang 216我们知道什么？”。由此可定位到原文第三段第一句中的“The EHang 216, which can seat two passengers”可知，正确答案为B。‎ ‎【干扰项分析】　飞机本身重750磅，而不是飞机最大装载量是750磅，故A项错误；该飞机以每小时最多150千米的速度可以飞行大约半小时而非1个小时，故C项错误；该飞机根据装载量可以在50千米到70千米之间飞行，故D项错误。‎ ‎3．C　考查细节理解。本题问的是“对于更广泛地使用飞行出租车的一个大的障碍是什么？”。根据题干中的关键词a big barrier定位到原文最后一段中的“What is stopping us from going into larger volumes(量) is regulation”可知，C项“Lack of related rules”的信息与此对应，由此可知正确答案为C。‎ ‎【技巧点拨】　间接类事实细节题考法 该类试题的选项不出现原文的直接信息，而是借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行适当变换。如第3题，文章中指出“飞行出租车”的一个大障碍是规则，即缺乏相关的规定。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。本题问的是“作者是如何介绍EHang 216的？”。根据文中第三段的内容可知，作者是通过提供具体的载客量和飞行的具体距离和所需时长等数据来介绍EHang 216的，由此可知正确答案为C。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：缓解假期忧郁 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了缓解假期忧郁的四种策略。‎ ‎1．D　承接上文“The key point is that sadness and other tough emotions are not what we should try to avoid”可知，负面情绪不是我们应该试图避免的，且与下文中的“Here are four strategies to help you make your own happiness recipe this holiday - 9 -‎ ‎ season”衔接，并结合下文介绍的策略可推知，此处表示负面情绪反而有助于健康、快乐地生活，故选D。‎ ‎2．E　结合本段小标题Don't force cheer和对本段的整体理解可推知，强颜欢笑会适得其反，故选E。‎ ‎3．G　根据上文中的“negative feelings like sadness or anger only increase when we try to control them”和下文中的“We don't like contradictory behavior”可推知，此处表示当我们的外表和内心的情感不一致时我们会感觉不开心，故选G。‎ ‎4．F　根据本段小标题Respond cautiously以及空前一句中的“When you respond cautiously”和空后一句“Besides, it is associated with less anxiety, and may even carry physiological benefits”可推知，F项符合语境，其中的“cautious response”也是提示。‎ ‎5．B　根据空处所在位置可知，空处是段落小标题；根据对本段的整体理解可推知，本段主要讲的是享受混合情绪，故选B。‎ Ⅲ.完形填空 体裁：记叙文　题材：个人经历　主题：让座善举 ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。Zwick带着11个月大的患病的女儿乘坐飞机，一位陌生的男士跟她换座位，Zwick非常感激他，并决心把这种乐于助人的行为传递下去。‎ ‎【高频词回顾】　board v．登上(公共汽车、飞机、火车等)　switch v．交换，调换　random adj.随意的　post n．帖子 ‎1．B　根据空后的“from severe lung disease as a result of a complication(并发症) of that”可知，Zwick的女儿患有严重的肺病。suffer from“患有……病”为固定用法。‎ ‎2．D　根据下文中的“Lucy needs oxygen at night”可知，这个勇敢的女婴目前一直靠氧气维持生命。support“维持”。‎ ‎3．B　根据语境可知，女婴在飞机上需要氧气维持生命。‎ ‎4．C　根据下文可知，一位男士给她们让座。一个小小的善举提醒Zwick她和她的丈夫Yuri是多么幸运(lucky)。astonished“惊讶的”；amused“逗乐的”；anxious“焦虑的”。‎ ‎5．A　根据下文中的“told me a gentleman was waiting to __10__ seats”可知A项正确。‎ ‎6．A　根据上文中的“I don't know you”和下文那位男士给Zwick让座可推知，此处表示“我不认识你，但是我想你肯定在某个地方见过我们”。‎ ‎7．D　根据上文中的“Lucy needs oxygen at night”可推知，Zwick推着婴儿车，胳膊下面夹着一包尿布，还为女儿拖着一个氧气瓶。pump“涌出”；drag“拖，拉”。‎ ‎8．C　根据上文的内容可知，由于Zwick女儿的特殊情况，他们提前登机。‎ ‎9．D　根据语境可知，Zwick坐在靠窗的座位上，和周围的人开玩笑说不得不坐在大喊大叫但快乐的婴儿旁边。‎ - 9 -‎ ‎10．B　根据下文中的“I smiled and thanked you as we switched”中的“switched”可知，有一个绅士正等着和Zwick换座位。‎ ‎11．C　根据空后的“I cried”可推知，Zwick不能控制自己的眼泪。burst into“突然爆发”；give back“归还”；hold back“抑制，控制”；break into“突然开始”。‎ ‎12．A　根据语境可知，Zwick因为这位男士和她换座位的善举忍不住哭了，在去那位男士座位的走廊里哭。passage“走廊”。‎ ‎13．D　根据空后一句“She felt it in her bones too ... real, pure goodness”并结合空前的“while”可知，Zwick在哭泣，而女儿笑了。‎ ‎14．B　根据空前的“I smiled and thanked you as we switched but didn't get to”和空后的“properly”可知，当换座位的时候，Zwick笑着感谢那位男士，但没有充分地表达感谢。‎ ‎15．A　根据上文中的“but I imagine you saw us __6__”可推知，Zwick不仅仅感谢那位男士让的座位，更感谢那位男士的留心。notice“注意，留意”。‎ ‎16．C　根据语境可知，此处表示“看见我们这个样子意识到事情不总是容易的”。故选C项。‎ ‎17．C　根据上文提到的一位男士给Zwick让座的举动可知，此处表示感谢你的善举。‎ ‎18．A　根据语境可知，Zwick受到了别人的帮助，并将把这个善举传递下去。故选A项。‎ ‎19．B　根据上文可知，这是一个正能量的故事，得到了网上很多人的支持。‎ ‎20．D　根据上文的内容可知，Zwick的帖子得到了网上很多人的支持，还被分享了164 000多次。故选D项。‎ Ⅳ.书面表达 ‎【范文赏读】‎ Dear Peter，‎ Our school sports meet will take place next month. So I'd like to invite you to come and enjoy its opening ceremony with the theme of Ancient Art and New Stage.‎ The opening ceremony is to be held on 15th March. It will be much different from previous ones since it is aimed to promote sportsmanship through traditional Chinese culture. Chosen students dressed in costume will perform Tai Chi, which must be one of the most attractive parts. In addition, traditional Chinese drums will be played. These special performances are sure to impress everyone present.‎ I do hope you'll accept my invitation. Look forward to your early reply.‎ Yours sincerely，‎ Li Hua - 9 -‎ - 9 -‎