【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解七选五阅读说明文典题练与析（含有解析）学案（15页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解七选五阅读说明文典题练与析（含有解析）学案（15页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解七选五阅读说明文典题练与析 ‎【一】‎ Reducing Test Anxiety As students throughout the state prepare to take their tests, they will feel some added anxiety. Some of that anxiety is good, but too much can have a bad effect on test performance. Here are some methods to reduce test anxiety.‎ ‎　 1 　This is useful for two reasons: A) You'll be less nervous and B) you'll do better. A recent study at UC Berkeley showed that students who were tested on information they just learned actually did better than those who were asked to document what they were learning. 　 2 　Then you can grade it for each other and harvest the benefits. The more real it feels, the more prepared you'll feel and be when the test day arrives.‎ Review that morning. 　 3 　You want to be as calm and relaxed as possible and reviewing right before the test will do that. What's more，you'll regain the information. So on your way to class, whip out those flashcards for the last time.‎ Consider listening to classical music. Though it doesn't make .you smarter like some people believe，it can improve your memory. If you want to get super specific，listen to music that’s 60 BPM. 　 4　 ‎ Do the easy questions first. An easy way to get stressed out and lose your cool is to focus on questions you don't know the answers to. 　 5 　. Don't fall into the trap move on to what you do know.‎ Then you can hit the hard stuff dead on.‎ A. Take a pretest.‎ B. Ask for Help from your desk mate.‎ C. That’s when the benefits will be highest.‎ D. Stay up late and drink as much coffee as possible.‎ E. So write up a pretest and have your friend do the same!‎ F. This is good for the exact same two reasons as stated in the previous step.‎ G. You start worrying about the clock and thinking about how you didn't study enough.‎ ‎【文章大意】学生参加考试的时候会出现考试焦虑，适当的焦虑是好的，但是过度的焦虑会影响考试发挥，文章给出一些建议来减少考试压力。‎ ‎1.A 【解析】根据下文的句子＂students who were tested on information they just learned actually did better than those who were asked to document what    they were learning.＂就所学知识测试过的学生比记录学过知识的学生更好，可知这里是：参加一次预考。故选A。‎ ‎2.E 【解析】根据下文的句子＂Then you can grade it for each other and harvest the benefits.＂彼此打分，收获益处。可知这里是，写一次考前预测，让你朋友也这样做。故选E。‎ ‎3.F 【解析】根据第二段的句子＂This is useful for two reasons＂可知这里是，这样做和前面两个步骤有同样的两个原因。故选F。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】根据上文的句子＂If you want to get super specific，listen to music that’s 60 BPM.＂如果你想得到超级的效果，听60节拍数的音乐。可知这里是，这是利益最高的时候，故选C。‎ ‎5.G 【解析】根据上文的句子＂An easy way to get stressed out and lose your cool is to focus on questions you don't know the answers ‎ to.＂很容易有压力，不冷静的方法是专注于不知道答案的问题，可知这里是，你开始担心，认为你学得不够。故选G。‎ ‎【二】‎ Training for a marathon requires careful preparation and steady, gradual increases in the length of the runs. 　 36 　, buy the best-fitting, best-built running shoes you can find. No one can say which brand will work best for you or feel best on your feet, so you have to rely on your experience and on the feel of each pair as you shop. When you have found shoes that seem right, walk in them for a few days to double-check the fit. 　 37　 . As always, you should stretch(伸展) at least ten minutes before each run to prevent injuries.‎ During the first week, do not think about distance, but run five minutes longer each day.　38 　, it is wise to take a day off to rest. But during the next week, set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run.  39 　. After two weeks, start timing yourself. 　 40 　.Depending on the kind of race you plan to enter, you can set up a timetable for the remaining weeks before the race.‎ A. After six days B. For a good marathon runner C. Before you begin your training D. With each day, increase the distance by a half mile E. If they still feel good, you can begin running in them F. Time spent for preparation raises the quality of training G. Now you are ready to figure out a goal of improving distance and time ‎【话题解读】这是一篇与体育有关的说明文，本文介绍了参加马拉松训练需要细心准备并才粗循序渐进的策略和技巧。‎ ‎38.A 【解析】根据上文中的＂During the first week＂及下文中的＂take a day off to rest＂可推知，此处指六天后休息一天，故选A。‎ ‎39.D 【解析】根据上文中的＂set a goal of at least a mile and a half per run＂及下文内容可知，此处指的应是每天增加半英里，故选D。‎ ‎40.G 【解析】G项中的＂improving distance and time＂与上文中提到的延长跑步距离，记录跑步时间的内容相呼应，故选G。‎ ‎【三】‎ Sponsorship in Sport Sponsorship in sport is usually in the form of financial assistance offered by a commercial organization to a person or a team in return for publicity.‎ Most people admit that sponsorship in sport is necessary. For one thing, sport has become increasingly expensive to manage, and players need money to be able to participate at a high level. For another, watching sport has become a major form of social entertainment, so sponsorship of sporting events helps companies to promote their products. 　 1 　The only negative aspects for a sponsor are if an athlete should play badly or misbehave, but generally sport creates a good image (形象) for a company by conveying health and fitness.‎ ‎　 2 　The organizers of the Olympic Games have been criticized for accepting sponsorship from fast food companies. People question why the organizers take money from such companies. Public health experts believe if we really want to promote health alongside excellence in sport, then it must be linked by approvals for products which support good health. 　 3 　‎ Nowadays sponsorship is no longer limited to major events and professionals. Local teams and young players are also sponsored. There is a trend also for amateurs to rely on sponsorship for equipment, clothing, and to cover their expenses of training and competing even though they are not full-time sportspeople. So sponsorship enables major world events to become more impressive. 　 4 　Besides, sponsorship enables us to view our favorite sporting event on television, even though it is taking place on the other side of the world.‎ However, such commercialization sometimes means compromise, and in fact, for some less popular sports it may be a negative factor, and it may even result in the end of that sporting code. Sports which are seen as less popular and therefore less commercially successful can no longer attract sponsors. 　 5 　The uneven distribution of sponsorship could lead to the end of some less popular sports, and could reduce our freedom of sporting choice.‎ A. It shouldn’t be related to any unhealthy products.‎ B. Sponsorship may mislead players about sporting choices.‎ C. However, this has caused serious arguments for some major events.‎ D. The difficulty for the sponsors is to deliver value and growth for their brands.‎ E. It also promotes participation at grassroots level, bringing sports to everyone.‎ F. Tax relief is another advantage, which means sponsorship can help to save money.‎ G. Sponsorship may create the situation of giving with the one hand and taking with the other.‎ ‎【文章大意】体育赞助已经成为体育运动中不可缺少的部分。甚至，除了一些大型的赛事，一些小型的体育赛事也会有商家赞助。那么，应该接受什么样的商家赞助呢，商业赞助是否也会有负面影响呢？‎ 1. F 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。前面一句＂For another, watching sport has become a major form of social entertainment, so sponsorship of sporting events helps companies to promote their products.＂在讲述sponsorship好处，F项内容叙述另一方面的好处。故选F。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据后面的＂The organizers of the Olympic Games have been criticized for accepting sponsorship from fast food companies. People question why the organizers take money from such companies.＂可知，奥运会组织者接受一些公司的赞助也引起了批评。故选C。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。根据前面的＂Public health experts believe if we really want to promote health alongside excellence in sport, then it must be linked by approvals for products which support good health.＂可知，公众健康专家的观点就是赞助商应该是生产健康产品的公司，而不应该是生产对人们的健康有影响的产品的厂家。故选A。‎ ‎4.E 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。本段在叙述如今的赞助不再局限于大型活动和专业人士，前后都在讲赞助商对于基层体育的好处，所以E项内容符合上下文。故选E。‎ ‎5.G 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。本段在叙述商业赞助会造成的不均衡影响，对于一些不那么受欢迎的运动，它可能是一个消极因素。G项内容符合上下文。故选G。‎ ‎【四】‎ The Transport Industry In The UK The transport industry employs around 2.3 million people in the UK across some 196,000 companies. Worth over ￡75 billion to the economy, it ensures that goods, services and people can move as efficiently as possible. 　 1 　  Traffic and transport construction jobs are essential to ensure that there are no long-term disruptions(中断) in transport. Without traffic and transport construction jobs, the Transport for London Organization wouldn’t be able to maintain its train or tube lines.‎ ‎　 2 　 Opportunities involve construction work and building services to maintain facilities(设施) such as airports and train stations. It also involves anything from designing and creating a new bridge or road, to developing a new harbor to increase sea freight(海运).‎ Some roles require shift work. 　 3 　 . Depending on the role, travel may also be required either locally, nationally, or in some cases, internationally.‎ Traffic and transport construction jobs have not escaped the effects of a global economic downturn. However, rising fuel costs have seen a huge increase in the number of people using public transport. 　 4 　‎ Traffic and transport construction jobs were important during the 2012 Games. Billions of pounds were invested into improving the capital’s transport facilities.‎ ‎　 5 　  It was a 12-carriage train that linked King’s Cross St. Pancras stations to the heart of London in just seven minutes.‎ A. With the transport industry, many people would be unemployed in UK.‎ B. This included the ＂Olympic Javelin＂.‎ C. This can mean working evenings, nights and possibly weekends.‎ D. Because of the size of the industry, a number of career opportunities are available.‎ E. Many stadiums were built at that time.‎ F. This is because transport construction jobs carry out all the necessary maintenance required to keep public transport safe and running.‎ G. The industry can be divided into three main sectors: surface, sea and air transport. ‎ ‎ 【文章大意】本文主要介绍了英国的交通运输行业里的一些基本情况。‎ ‎1.G 【解析】从后一句＂Traffic and transport construction jobs are essential to ensure….＂可以看出这里是在讲运输行业的具体方式。所以选G。‎ ‎2.D 【解析】从后一句的＂Opportunities involve construction work and building services…＂可以看出，这段话讲的是与工作机会有关的，故选D。‎ ‎3.C 　【解析】从第一句话的＂Some roles require shift work＂可知，工作的时间和地点等都会发生变化，故　　‎ ‎　　　　选C。‎ ‎4.F 　【解析】这段话的前半部分讲的是交通运输建设方面的工作也受到全球经济下滑的影响，特别是燃料成本的增加，因为不得不为了公工运输的安全与正常运行而将这个工作进行下去。故选F。‎ ‎5.B 　【解析】这段话是将与奥运会有关的情况，故选B。‎ ‎【五】‎ Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better. 　 1 　Below are some great ways of learning as much as you can without getting too stressed.‎ Find the right place to study.‎ The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions(分散注意力的事物) while studying.　2 　You should keep away from television sets and phone calls. Get all of your study materials together, so you will not be interrupted in the middle of your session.‎ Break down the tasks into smaller parts.‎ When you have gotten everything ready, list the items you need to study, and arrange them across several hours or days, depending on how big your load is. As a general rule, assign(分配) at least one hour to each subject. 　 3 　By doing this, you will be able to know more easily how long you need for each topic.‎ Schedule study breaks.‎ When you have listed all of your tasks and made a schedule, you should arrange study breaks. 　 4 　This will give your eyes some time to rest, and yourself a chance to go to the bathroom or have some coffee. Scheduled breaks will reduce the need for you to interrupt yourself to the lowest level during the study session.‎ ‎ your tasks in the order of importance.‎ ‎　 5 　Just in case you run out of time to study, or if you think you do not have enough time to cover all topics, you should study in an order.‎ A. Learn to arrange the subjects in the order of importance.‎ B. Each break may take about 15 minutes every two hours.‎ C. This means going to one place that will give you peace and quiet.‎ D. The key to efficient studying is following the schedule strictly.‎ E. You can find a way to test your knowledge by having a study partner.‎ F. If you have a broad subject, you will need to break it down into smaller parts.‎ G. To make the best use of your time, you need to learn how to study efficiently (高效地).‎ ‎ 【文章大意】文章介绍一些好的方法可以提高学习效率。‎ ‎1.G 【解析】根据上文＂Studying longer does not necessarily mean studying better.＂可知，下文介绍如何提高学习效率：To make the best use of your time, you need to learn how to study efficiently 和上文符合。故选G。‎ ‎2.C 【解析】根据上文＂The first thing you need to do is avoid distractions(分散注意力的事物) while studying.＂可知，学习的时候要避免分散注意力的事物，也就是找一个安静的地方。故选C。‎ ‎3.F 【解析】根据本段的小标题＂Break down the tasks into smaller parts＂可知，这里是将大的任务分成小的任务。故选F。‎ ‎4.B。5.A。‎ ‎【六】‎ Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.‎ ‎ 37 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.‎ When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.‎ When you need to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.‎ A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work ‎ C. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，文章提出了几点建议，防止此类事件的发生。‎ ‎36.B 【解析】根据there are several ways to handle things，可知下文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人打断的方法，此句与前半句构成一个完整的句子，根据语境分析。故选B。‎ ‎37.A 【解析】根据后文＂Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the of you can talk at a different time＂可知，学会在自己很忙的时候去拒绝别人。故选A。‎ ‎38.E 【解析】根据横线前＂have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then＂安排好时间，让他们知道你在什么时候回来，或者告诉他们，你会去找他们，再结合后文＂It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions＂可知选E。‎ ‎39.D。‎ ‎40.G 【解析】根据＂If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.＂可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选G。‎ ‎【七】‎ ‎ How can a teen set themselves up for success? Here are some important points that you may find helpful.‎ Figure out your goals in life and work toward them. Start thinking about careers you would like to be in, but make a good choice based on your interests and strengths. 　 1 　You could also work towards non-career related goals, such as creating your own fundraiser, getting good grades in school, joining in a team sport, etc. Challenge yourself and you’ll be surprised at what you can accomplish!‎ Don’t get into any trouble, legal or otherwise. It could ruin your future plans. Avoid the peer pressure and keep away from the cigarettes, alcohol, and drugs. 　 2 　If you’re being pressured into anything, walk away. If you can avoid these things ‎ during your teen years, they’re a lot easier to avoid once you’re out of high school and away from peer pressure.‎ Have good friends to help you out! 　 3 　Be with people who make you happy. Create a group of supportive, loving friends that can help you succeed in life and live your dreams. Find a few really good friends that will stick with you once you leave high school.‎ ‎　 4 　Join a sports team at school or out of school. Take your dog for a nice, long walk. Join a yoga group, go swimming at the local recreation center, or do sit-ups during commercial breaks on TV! Just exercise! 　 5 　Studies show that people who are actively involved in activities in their teen years will be more active when they’re adults.‎ A. Get active!‎ B. Go for a run around your neighborhood.‎ C. This could be your job for the rest of your life!‎ D. You will start forming your own ideas this way.‎ E. It helps you feel better, mentally and physically.‎ F. Friends are there to support you and lift your spirits.‎ G. Obey the law and avoid ending up in the back of a police car.‎ ‎【八】‎ Travelling is a very enjoyable experience as it provides an opportunity to see new things. 　 1 　The following article discusses the advantages of traveling. Traveling gives you the opportunity to disconnect from your regular life. People all have crazy schedules, work and a family to take care of, and traveling alone or with some friends can give you distance and perhaps even make you realize how important these people are to you. 　 2 　‎ Another great benefit is the relaxation you get. 　 3 　When you come back you feel energetic and you are happy to be back to your daily routine. 　 4 　They will create a bond that nothing can erase no matter what happens to the friendship/relationship. You can create photo albums and when you feel nostalgic you can experience the trips again by looking at your pictures.‎ It’s never been this cheap to travel. With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end.   　 5 　‎ With the Internet and all the new technology, you can plan your trip exactly the way you want it. You can choose your budget, the duration of the trip and what you want to do.‎ A.  It’s nice to enjoy a stress-free time.‎ B.  As the saying goes, you never know what you have until you lose it.‎ C.  When traveling with friends or family it creates memories of a lifetime.‎ D.  Discovering different values and ways to get by in life is really interesting.‎ E.   Going on a trip means that you are most likely going to spend time outside.‎ F.   However, there are still many budget airlines fighting for your dollar right now.‎ G.  There are many benefits other than enjoying yourself that can be realized when you travel.‎ ‎【文章大意】旅游是非常美好的一段享受过程，这可以带来多方面的好处。‎ ‎1.G 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。前面一句＂as it provides an opportunity to see new things.＂说＂旅游可以使得我们有机会看到很多事物＂，而后面又讲＂旅游还有其他的更多的好处＂，所以此处起到承上启下的作用。故选G。‎ ‎2.B。‎ ‎3.A 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。前面一句＂Another great benefit is the relaxation you get.＂说＂旅游可以让你放松，减轻工作压力＂，所以旅游可以让你享受没有压力的好时光。故选A。‎ ‎4.C 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。后面两句提到＂旅游可以带来美好的回忆＂，所以＂When traveling with friends or family it creates memories of a lifetime.＂符合上下文。故选C。‎ ‎5.F 【解析】考查上下文理解以及逻辑推理。上一句＂With increasing oil prices the cheap travel era might be coming to an end.＂说＂随着油价上涨，廉价旅游时代可能即将结束＂。所以，此处应该是转折，说会有许多打折的航班可以乘坐，可以继续旅游。故选F。‎ ‎【九】‎ It’s nice being nice to others; it’s also great to give people a hand. However, if you start to hurt yourself by doing so, then this is not so healthy. 　 1 　If you fear that you might fall into this category, the following tips will help you to stand up for yourself and regain your self-confidence.‎ ‎　 2 　‎ Although you may often stay silent if something is wrong or bothers you, it is better to speak your mind right away. You don’t have to be rude, but you do have to be firm and direct. Don’t do things for others if you don’t really want to. Speak up, and soon others will be seeing you in a whole new light.‎ Start small.‎ ‎　 3 　This will allow you to practice being brave and self-confident. Tell a person who has cut in line in front of you to move to the back of the line, or tell a salesperson to do that. Before long, you will be confident enough to stand up to your friends and family members.‎ Judge well.‎ When dealing with others, you have to exercise good judgment. 　 4 　If a colleague isn’t doing his part, you should rightfully demand that he start doing so. However, if a taxi cuts you off in traffic, just let it go.‎ ‎　 5 　Rome wasn’t built in a day. If you want to get back again after having been a pushover(耳软心活的人), it’s best to take one step at a time.‎ A. Express yourself.‎ B. Regain your confidence.‎ C. Start by speaking up for yourself with strangers.‎ D. Everyone has the right to live without being judged.‎ E. If you slip back into the pushover mode every once in a while, don’t blame yourself.‎ F. Sadly, some people are so easily pushed around that they come to be seen as pushovers.‎ G. It’s one thing to be confident, but quite another to forcefully say no to an unreasonable request.‎ ‎【文章大意】这是一篇说明文，就如何避免成为一名耳软心活的人给出了一些建议。‎ ‎1.F 【解析】F项中的 ＂some people are so easily pushed around＂与上文的＂if you start to hurt yourself by doing so＂相呼应，并且后一句中 ＂this category＂指的就是F项中的＂pushovers＂。故选F项。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】根据下文中的＂it is better to speak your mind right away＂和＂Speak up＂可知，本段主要讲述的是要表达自己的想法，故A项正确。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】结合小标题＂Start small＂及空后的＂This will allow you to ‎ practice being brave and self-confident＂可知，C项＂Start by speaking up for yourself with strangers(从跟陌生人说出你的想法开始)＂符合语境。‎ ‎4.G。5.E。‎ ‎【十】‎ Do you have these socalled bad qualities? If yes, congratulations! You’re better than you think.‎ It is hard to know what is good or bad these days when it comes to what qualities you possess. What strong quality applies to you may be what will drag you to become successful. And whatever the world has to think or say about those qualities shouldn’t bother you. Actually, these qualities are what bring out the shine in you. __1__‎ You love taking risks.‎ You like adventures. And you won’t just be settled in the safe zone. People will ask you why you are always after the thrill and going above the limits. But how will you discover new things when you are always playing it safe? __2__‎ You are proud.‎ Pride is different from arrogance (傲慢). You have your inner self and try to keep your selfrespect under control. You don’t give in easily. __3__ And you understand what your worth is.‎ ‎__4__‎ Many may consider you to be nosy, pushy or a busy body. But in many cases, being curious doesn’t always kill the cat, but makes you smarter. You can’t really become a better person when you are sticking to what you are. Focus on what you can be and ask the right questions.‎ You are pessimistic.‎ ‎__5__ The world wants to listen to a story of persons who are positive. But what if you are jumping into everything with optimism and not giving yourself the benefit of doubt? You may lose so much when you are not counting the risks and saying ‎ enough “No”．‎ A．You will only swell for the right reasons.‎ B．People will not view shyness as a strength.‎ C．You want to have an answer for everything.‎ D．You don’t see everything from a positive light.‎ E．You have to know a lot and reach for knowledge.‎ F．Here are socalled bad qualities that could offer you advantages in life.‎ G．Discovering yourself and the world requires some attempts at new things.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。你有一些所谓的不良品质吗？如果有，请不要气馁，事实上，它们可能对你是有益处的。‎ ‎1．选F　下文主要列举的是一些不被人看好的品质，但事实上它们对你来说可能是有益处的。F项“以下是在生活中能给你带来优势的所谓的不良品质”，引出了下文要讲的内容，符合语境。故选F。‎ ‎2．选G　上文问道，如果你总是在寻求安全，不去冒险，那怎么能发现新的事物呢？G项“要想更好地了解自己和这个世界需要尝试一些新事物”，回应了上文所提的问题，符合语境。故选G。‎ ‎3．选A　上文提到，骄傲与傲慢不同，(骄傲的人)能很好地控制自己的自尊，不轻言放弃。A项“你只因合理的理由而沾沾自喜”，与上文话题紧密相连，符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎4．选C　空处为该段小标题。根据该段内容可知，本段主要讲述的是，一个人有好奇心、爱问问题并不是什么坏事，只要你保持专注，问恰当的问题，就能让自己更聪明。C项“你想弄清每一件事的答案”，与本段中所体现的品质相符，符合语境。故选C。‎ ‎5．选D　本段的标题是“你是悲观的”。D项“‎ 你并不是从积极的一面看待一切事物”，与标题照应，符合语境。故选D。‎