专题09非谓语动词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

专题09非谓语动词-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2019高考精品系列之英语

‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【2019年高考命题预测】‎ ‎ 高考研究非谓语动词是动词用法中最为复杂的部分之一，它不仅有时态的变化、语态的不同，而且还要格外注意它所表达的逻辑关系，这些都已经成为非谓语动词用法的难点。‎ ‎ 近年来，高考对该语法现象的渗透日趋明显和突出，所牵扯到的焦点问题主要有：现在分词和过去分词基础知识；现在分词和过去分词句法功能；现在分词和过去分词用法的区别和辨析；现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态及其构成；现在分词和过去分词在上下文中的联系和纽带作用等。‎ ‎ 另外，对于动词不定式主要考查一些固定搭配、固定句型和在句子中的句法功能；对于动名词主要考查在一些动词后作宾语的用法等。‎ 预测今后高考非谓语动词将是考点中最重要的。非谓语动词在语法填空、短文改错、单项填空中考查的份额很重。‎ ‎【考点定位】2019考纲解读和近几年考点分布 ‎（1）考纲要求 ‎ 非谓语动词包括不定式、动词-ing形式和过去分词三种形式。动词的非谓语形式是中学英语语法的重点和难点,也是每年高考热点中的热点。 考纲要求掌握：非谓语动词的时态和语态；他们在英语句子中的作用；非谓语动词的基本用法和含义，非谓语动词在句子中可以充当多种句子成分，比如主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语等；掌握非谓语动词充当相同句子成分时的辨析；掌握非谓语动词在不同的语境、语义下的运用。‎ ‎（2）命题规律 一、主要考查的是非谓语的一些最基本的用法，但是，题目的设置注重了情景化和结构复杂化，加大了考生对题干句的理解难度。‎ 二、设问的角度呈现出多样化趋势，不仅仅是非谓语间的互相干扰。试题的特征将继续呈现出“‎ 情景化”和“设问角度的多样化”的趋势，但试题的难度将会有所控制。‎ ‎【考点p k】名师考点透析 非谓语动词有三种；动词不定式、动词的---ing形式和动词的----ed形式．非谓语动词在句中不能作谓语，没有人称和变化，但有语态和时态的变化。因此高考备考时，对非谓语要有充分的认识和归纳，现在分词表示动作“主动和进行”，过去分词表示“被动和完成”，而不定式则含有“将来”的意义时，头脑要冷静。一方面要认真分析句子结构，确定所填动句子中作谓语还是非谓语，如果作非谓语，还要确定动词与主语的逻辑关系以及该动作与谓语动词的动作发生时间先后；同时要注意标点符号特别是逗号的作用。‎ 考点一、分词与动词不定式作状语的区别 ‎【例题1】Bradon worked for hours after school money for his education．‎ A．making B．to make C．made D．having made ‎【例题2】One Sunday several former classmates gathered at Tom’s， ‎ their high school reunion the year before．‎ A．talking about B．to talk about C．talked about D．having talked about 考点二、现在分词与过去分词的区别 ‎【例题3】When I caught him me，I stopped buying things there and started dealing with another shop．‎ A．cheated B．cheating C．to cheat D．to have cheated ‎【解题指导】现在分词与过去分词的一个重要区别就是：现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。在解答相关题目时，应从以下方面分析：分词作定语时，分析被修饰词同非谓语动词的关系；作宾补／主补时，分析宾语／主语同宾补／主补的关系；作状语时，分析句子主语同非谓语动词的关系。从以上几个方面来判断是用现在分词还是过去分词。‎ ‎【解析】‎ B。依据前半句意思”当我发现他欺骗我时”可以判断出，句中的him与动作”欺骗”为主谓关系，因此用现在分词作宾语补足语，故答案为B。‎ 考点三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 ‎【例题4】The old women spoke to the girl again，raising her voice a bit，but still no answer.‎ A．received B．receiving C．had received D．to receive ‎【例题5】Tom stood there， what he could do for the poor man sitting beside him．‎ A．wondered B．to wonder C．having wondered D．wondering ‎【解题指导】注意掌握谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别。‎ ‎【解析】D。句意：汤姆站在那里，心里想着能为站在他身边的那个可怜的人做些什么。显然，“心里想着”是伴随动作，伴随着“站”，因此用分词作伴随状语。又因句子主语与动作”心里想着”是主谓关系，故用现在分词，答案为D。‎ 考点四、三种表示被动意义的非谓语形式：to be done，done。being done的区别 近三年高考中有一些地区考查了to be done，done，being done的区别，这一考点应引起考生的重视。‎ ‎【例题6】The NO.5 subway line， in October，2007，has greatly improved the traffic conditions in Beijing．‎ A．opened B．was opened C．being opened D．to be opened ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 16、17、18高考试题及其解析 ‎2018年高考题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2018·北京】3. _________ along the old Silk Road is an interesting and rewarding experience A. Travel B. Traveling C. Having traveled D. Traveled ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动名词。句意：沿着丝绸之路旅行是一次既有趣又有益的经历。“____ along the old Silk Road”做主语，要用动名词，故B选项正确。‎ 点睛：动名词是动词-ing形式的一种，兼有动词和名词特征。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语。‎ ‎2.【2018·北京】6. During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.‎ A. share B. to share C. having shared D. shared ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在中秋节期间，家人们通常会聚在一起吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼。gather是谓语动词，“_________ a meal, admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes”是状语，家人聚在一起的目的是吃饭，赏月，品尝月饼，表目的用动词不定式，故B选项正确。‎ 点睛：动词不定式可以做主语，状语，定语，宾语，表语等。动词不定式做目的状语时，可以置于主句之前也可以置于主句之后，通常译为“为了”。‎ ‎3.【2018·北京】10. Ordinary soap, _________ correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.‎ A. used B. to use C. using D. use ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果正确使用的话，普通的肥皂可以有效地处理细菌。Ordinary soap can deal with bacterial effectively是主句，_________ correctly是条件状语，修饰ordinary soap，ordinary soap和use之间是被动关系，故要用过去分词，A选项正确。‎ 点睛：过去分词所表示的一个含义就是“被动”。‎ ‎4.【2018·天津】12. I didn't mean ___________anything but the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help_______ it.‎ A. to eat；to try B. eating；trying C. eating；to try D. to eat； trying ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查短语固定搭配。句意：我不打算吃任何东西，但冰淇淋看起来如此的好以至于我忍不住的要试一试。固定短语短语mean to do（打算做），couldn’t help doing忍不住做。故选D。‎ 点睛：本题考查动词短语固定搭配。同学在平时学习中要多把握动词不同搭配的不同含义，本题需要区分“mean to do打算做”与“mean doing意味着做”和“can’t help to do ‎ sth.不能帮助做”与“couldn’t help doing忍不住做”之间的含义。‎ ‎5.【2018·天津】7. I need a new passport so I will have to have my photographs___________.‎ A. taking B. taken C. being taken D. take ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我需要一个新护照，所以我将不得不拍照片。本题考查非谓语动词作宾语补足语，宾语my photograph与补足语之间为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾语补足语。C项表示正在进行。故选B。‎ 点睛：本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词在句中所作的成分，找出该非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。‎ ‎6.【2018·江苏】26. Around 13,500 new jobs were created during the period, _______ the expected number of 12,000 held by market analysts.‎ A. having exceeded B. to exceed C. exceeded D. exceeding ‎【答案】D 点睛：本题考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。‎ having exceeded强调时间先后，指的是此动作发生在谓语动词create的动作之前；to exceed表示将要超出；exceeded过去分词表示被动。分析句意可知，这里用现在分词作结果状语。‎ 语法填空 ‎1. 【2018·全国I】You don't have to run fast or for long___62___(see)the benefit. You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of ___63___ (die) early by running.‎ 考查不定式作目的状语。你不必跑地太快或时间太长就能看到它的好处。此处不定式作目的状语，故填to see。‎ 考查动名词。你也许喝酒、吸烟或超重，但仍然通过跑步会减少早亡的风险。此处of是介词，其后用动名词。故填dying。‎ ‎2. 【2018·全国II】Another reason for corn's rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice ___64___ (improve) water quality.‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了改善水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没有连词可以且谓语动词是encourages，故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的，故用不定式。故填to improve。‎ ‎3. 【2018·全国II】That prevented the emission(排放) of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide. China's approach to protecting its environment while ___70___ (feed) its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank's Juergen Voegele.‎ 考查省略句。句意：中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策制定人提供了很有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作，while后面省略掉了China is，省略句的原则：在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、，让步状语从句中，如果从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时，那么可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。‎ ‎4. 【2018·全国III】I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid ____64____(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn't feel____65____(challenge).‎ 考查动词。动词avoid后要加doing。此处表示避免直接看他的眼睛。用looking。‎ 考查非谓语。根据语境可知，此处表示不直视他的眼睛，他就不会感到被挑战性。feel为系动词，表示“被挑战”，用过去分词challenged。‎ ‎5. 【2018·全国III】Once his message was delivered, he allowed me ____70____ (stay)and watch.‎ 考查非谓语动词。固定短语allow sb to do允许某人做某事，应该用to stay。‎ ‎6. 【2018·浙江】 I still remember ___59___ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ___60___(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.‎ 考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。‎ 考查形容词。此处表示我感到很震惊。shock的主语是I,用形容词和系动词组成系表结构，表示过去发生的事，系动词用过去式。故填was shocked。‎ ‎2017年高考题 ‎【2017·天津卷】14. The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _____ more patients to be treated.‎ ‎ A. being allowed B. allowing C. having allowed D. allowed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：近期这个医院购进了新的医疗设备，允许更多的病人被治疗。前句购进医疗设备和后面允许更多的病人被治疗之间是必然的结果关系，用doing即现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。A. being allowed 表示被动且正在进行 C. having allowed 强调先于谓语动词发生 D. allowed 表示被动且完成，故选B。‎ 考点：考查非谓语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。‎ ‎【2017·天津】10. I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train ______.‎ A. catching B. caught C. to catch D. to be caught ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：在整个会议期间我一直在看钟表，因为我要去敢火车。根据上文判断出as引导原因状语从句，根据have在本句中，词义为“有”，根据固定结构 Sb have sth to do 某人又某事要做（在本句中to do 由主语完成），根据句意判断出本句符合本结构。故选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本句考查的是have的符合结构：have+ 宾语 + 非谓语，既是重点又是难点。对于have的符合结构，非谓语用什么形式，首先确定have的词义，是“有”还是“让”，have（有）+ sth to do sth (由主语完成）；have（让） + 宾语 + do / doing / done (用哪种形式需要具体分析），所以要正确理解句意和本结构的具体用法，灵活掌握才能把题作对。‎ ‎【2017·江苏卷】21. Many Chinese brands, _______ their reputations over centuries, are facing new challenges from the modern market.‎ A. having developed B. being developed C. developed D. developing ‎【答案】A ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词作状语，表示主动和伴随状况；与逻辑主语是主谓关系，或叫主动关系，即现在分词表示的动作 是逻辑主语发出的。现在分词的形式有一般式doing/being done，完成式having done/having been done。‎ 当现在分词表示的动作和主句谓语表示的动作先后发生时，使用现在分词的完成式。‎ e. g. Having watered the vegetables, the farmer took a short rest.‎ ‎ Having seen the film twice, he didn’t want to go to the cinema with his wife.‎ ‎ Having done his homework , the boy began to watch TV.‎ ‎ I didn’t feel surprised, having expected all this.‎ ‎ Not having done it right, I tried again.‎ 现在分词作状语，可以转换为一个状语从句。‎ 1) 表示时间时，相当于after, before, when , while等引导的状语从句，现在分词动作发生在主句动作之前或与主句动作同时发生。‎ Stepping carelessly off the pavement, he was knocked down by the bus.（发生在主句动作之前）‎ Arriving at the station , he found the train had gone.（之前）‎ He went out , shutting the door behind him.（之后）‎ Walking through the park, she saw a flower show .（同时）‎ Talking a key out of his pocket , he open the door .（一个简短动作一发生，另一个动作紧跟着发生）之前。‎ Hearing the news , they all jumped with joy.‎ Be careful when crossing the street. ‎ While waiting for the train, I had a long talk with Jane.‎ Her husband died in 1999, leaving her with two children . ‎ Lying under the apple tree, Newton was thinking and thinking .‎ Thinking she must be late, Miss Smith decided to take a taxi.‎ There are a number of students waiting to be examined.‎ He refused the offer , saying that this would be too expensive.‎ The man feel and slipped, getting off the bus.某一动作进行时，发生了另一个短暂动作或结果。‎ 2) 原因（句首）‎ Being short of money, I applied for the job.‎ Not seeing John, I can’t tell you what he looks like.‎ 3) 方式，伴随 Singing a pop song in a low voice, he came into the yard.‎ He stood by the window, watching the children playing.‎ She stopped as if expecting him to speak.‎ His parents arrived late for one day, leaving their children being hungry for a whole day.‎ 1) 结果（后置）‎ She fell, only striking her head against the rock. ‎ He spread a rumor, leading to a great confusion in class. ‎ It rained heavily causing severe flood in that region.‎ 2) 条件 If traveling north, I asked where he was.‎ 3) 让步 knowing all this, they still insisted on paying for the damage.‎ Many boys , having had few advantages in their youth, have yet great contribution to their country later.‎ Unless paying by credit card, he pays in cash.‎ Though understanding no English, he was able to communicate with them.‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎【2017·北京卷】27. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ______ their valuable time. ‎ A. save B. saving ‎ C. to save D. saved ‎【答案】C 试题分析： 句意：许多航空公司现在允许乘客网上打印他们的登机牌来节省时间。此处是动词不定式表目的，故选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 不定式的作用之状语 不定式作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。‎ (1) 做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···）如：‎ He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。‎ He came to the school to see his son.‎ (1) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：‎ He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.‎ He searched the room only to find nothing.‎ (2) 做原因状语。如：‎ We were very excited to hear the news.‎ I’m glad to see you.‎ (3) 做条件状语。如：‎ To turn to the left, you could find a post office.‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】30. The national park has a large collection of wildlife, _________ from butterflies to elephants. ‎ A. ranging B. range C. to range D. ranged ‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词和过去分词的区别：‎ 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；‎ 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。‎ 如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 分词的作用 1、 作定语 （1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：‎ The sleeping boy is my son.‎ The excited people rushed into the building.‎ （2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：‎ The girl standing under the tree is my niece.‎ The building built last year is our library.‎ （1） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists 1、 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。‎ Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.‎ If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)‎ Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.‎ Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).‎ Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)‎ He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)‎ He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)‎ ‎ 注意：‎ （1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：‎ ‎（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。‎ Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。‎ （2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。‎ 2、 作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：‎ The film is touching.‎ The glass is broken.‎ 3、 作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：‎ I smell something burning.‎ I heard him singing the song.‎ I heard my name called.‎ 1、 作插入语 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。‎ generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：‎ Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。‎ Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】32. Jim has retired, but he still remember the happy time _______ with his students.‎ A. to spend B. spend C. spending D. spent ‎ ‎【答案】D 试题分析：句意：Jim已经退休了，但是他依然记得和学生一起度过的快乐时光。句子已经有了谓语，空格只能填非谓语动词，逻辑主语是time，和spend之间是被动关系，故用过去分词spent。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required 63.________ (process) the food that we eat, to recover from injury and for several other bodily functions.‎ ‎63. to process　考查不定式。需要它们来加工我们所吃的食物。 require表示“要求”， require to do sth表示“要求做某事”，被动形式为be required to do sth，表示“被要求做某事”。故填to process。‎ by 68.________ (eat) more fast food people will get more salt and fat than they need in their diet.‎ ‎68. eating　考查动名词。根据前文中的by可知此处应该填eat的动名词形式。故填eating。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ This included digging up the road, 63.________ (lay) the track and then building a strong roof over 64.________ top.‎ ‎63. laying　考查非谓语动词。此处用lay的动名词形式laying与前面的digging形成并列。该词填空难度较大，若考生未辨明lie—lying/lay/lain和lay—laying/laid/laid等特殊词形变化会导致错误。‎ ‎64. the　考查冠词。此处特指铁轨上方的顶部工程。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ She looks like any other schoolgirl, freshfaced and full of life. Sarah Thomas is looking forward to the challenge of her new Alevel course. But unlike her school friends, 16yearold Sarah is not spending halfterm 61.________ (rest).‎ ‎61. resting　考查非谓语动词。spend…(in) doing sth是固定句式，意为“花……做某事”。‎ But Sarah, 64.________ has taken part in shows along with top models, wants 65.________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.‎ ‎64. who　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空后面是一个定语从句，缺少连接词，代指先行词Sarah, 在从句中作主语，故填who。‎ ‎65. to prove　考查动词不定式。want to do sth为固定搭配，故用动词不定式。‎ ‎[2017·浙江卷6月考]‎ Sixteen years 60.________ (early), Pahlsson had removed the diamond ring 61.________ (cook) a meal. When she wanted to put the ring back on later, it was gone. She suspected that one of her three daughters—then ten, eight, and six—had picked it up, but the girls said they hadn't. Pahlsson and her husband 62.________ (search) the kitchen, checking every corner, but turned up nothing. “I gave up hope of finding my ring again，” she says. She never replaced it. ‎ Pahlsson and her husband now think the ring probably got 63.________ (sweep) into a pile of kitchen rubbish and was spread over the garden, 64.________ it remained until the carrot's leafy top accidentally sprouted (生长) through it.‎ ‎60. earlier　考查比较级。此处语意表示“16年前”，故填earlier。‎ ‎61. to cook　考查不定式。此处不定式表示目的。语境为“取下戒指来做饭”，故填to cook。‎ ‎62. searched　考查动词的时态。根据语意可知，他们过去曾搜遍了整个厨房，故填searched。‎ ‎63. swept 　考查过去分词。此处是get done结构，表示被动，意为“被扫进了垃圾堆”。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅰ]‎ The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turning left！”‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅱ]‎ In their spare time，they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden ‎3. interesting改为interested　考查形容词用法。张家夫妇对种菜感兴趣。‎ When summer came，they will invite their students pick the fresh vegetables!‎ ‎9. came改为comes　考查动词时态。此处指“当夏天来临时”，用一般现在时。‎ ‎10. students后加to　考查固定结构。invite sb to do sth邀请某人做某事。‎ ‎[2017·全国卷Ⅲ]‎ About one month after this photo was took, I entered my second year of high school and become a new member of the school music club.‎ ‎4. took→taken　考查过去分词。根据逻辑关系可知照片是被拍，故用被动语态，被动语态的构成是“be＋过去分词”，故把took改为taken。‎ ‎5. become→became　考查动词的时态。因为become和前面的entered是并列谓语，故也用一般过去时。‎ ‎2016年高考题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·北京】26. ________ it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand.‎ A. Made B. Make C. Making D. To make ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查不定式作目的状语。句意：为了更方便地联系到我们，你最好随身带着这张卡片。根据句意可知，这里是目的状语，表目的用动词不定式，故选D。‎ 考点：考查不定式作目的状语 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 一、不定式的作用 1、 作主语：不定式作主语时，谓语用单数。往往用it 作形式主语，把不定式放在谓语后面。如：‎ It took us two hours to finish the job.‎ It is impossible for us to get there on time.‎ It is very kind of you to help us.‎ 注意：（1）其他系动词如look, appear等也可用于此句型。‎ ‎ （2）当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is …to…的句型。试比较：‎ ‎ It is to negate my own idea to believe him.（错）‎ ‎ To believe him is to negate my own idea .（对） ‎ ‎（3）It is+ adj. of / for sb. to do sth. 结构中，当不定式的逻辑主语和前面的形容词可以构成系表结构时，用of, 否则用 for.‎ 1、 作宾语 ‎(1) 动词+不定式。如：‎ He managed to escape from the fire.‎ I find it hard to get along with him.（it 作形式宾语）‎ 注：下列动词通常用不定式作宾语：want, try, hope, wish, need, forget, know, promise, refuse, help, decide, begin, start, learn, agree, choose, get等 (1) 动词+疑问词+to , “特殊疑问句+不定式”相当于名词，作宾语。如：‎ I don’t know what to do next/ how to do it next.‎ I can’t decide when to go there.‎ 注意：不定式短语作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把不定式短语放在宾语补足语之后，用it 作形式宾语。如：‎ I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.‎ 2、 作宾语补足语 (1) 动词+宾语+不定式（to do ）。如：‎ He warned me to be careful.‎ I want you to speak to Tom.‎ What makes you think so? （不带to的不定式）‎ ‎ 注：可以用动词不定式做宾补的动词有：ask, tell, order ,want ,get, would like, like, advise, invite, allow, help, wish, warn, expect, would prefer, encourage (2) 表见解、看法的动词结构可为：动词+宾语+ to be 的不定式结构。如：‎ We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class.‎ The book is believed to be useful.（被动语态）‎ ‎(3) There +不定式。如：‎ We didn’t expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在那里。‎ 注意：（1）有些动词需用 as 短语作补语，像regard, think, believe, take, consider。如：‎ We regard Eric as our best teacher. 我们认为艾瑞克是我们最好的老师。‎ Mary took him as her father. 玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。‎ ‎(4) 在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：‎ They saw the boy fall off the tree. The boy was seen to fall off the tree.‎ ‎(5) help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.‎ ‎ I often help him （to）clean the room.‎ ‎ I helped him (to) find his things.‎ 1、 作定语 不定式作定语，修饰名词或代词，不定式和它所修饰的名词之间有逻辑上的主谓关系、动状关系、同位关系或动宾关系。不定式通常要放在这些被修饰的词后。如：‎ I have a lot of work to do.（动宾关系）‎ He is looking for a room to live in.（动状关系）‎ He is the first person to think of the idea.（主谓关系）‎ He has got a chance to go abroad.（同位关系）‎ 注意：1.不定式的逻辑主语是句子的主语时，不定式用主动形式表被动。如：‎ ‎ Do you have anything else to say?‎ ‎ 2.如果作定语的不定式是一个短语，则要保留不定式短语中的副词或介词。如：‎ ‎ I need a pen to write with. (I will write with the pen ) (我需要一支钢笔写字)‎ ‎ I have a little baby to look after. (I must look after the little baby ) (我有一个婴儿要照看)‎ ‎5. 作状语 作状语，表示目的、结果、原因等，有时还有一些固定搭配的不定式短语，如in order to , so as ‎ to, so…as to, such …as to, ….enough to, too…to等。‎ (1) 做目的状语，just to, only to （仅仅为了）, in order to, so as to, so(such)….as to…（如此···以便···）如：‎ He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. 他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。‎ He came to the school to see his son.‎ (2) 作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。如：‎ He hurried to the post office only to find it was closed.‎ He searched the room only to find nothing.‎ (3) 做原因状语。如：‎ We were very excited to hear the news.‎ I’m glad to see you.‎ (4) 做条件状语。如：‎ To turn to the left, you could find a post office.‎ ‎6. 作表语 不定式可放在be动词后面，构成表语。如：‎ The question is how to put it into practice.‎ My question is when to leave.‎ His dream is to be a doctor.‎ Her work is to look after the babies.‎ 注意：1.不定式在句中作表语时，对应的谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ 2.当主语是不定式时，表语不能用V+ing形式，可用不定式。‎ ‎ 如：To see is to believe. （眼见为实）(Seeing is believing. )‎ ‎7独立结构。如：‎ To tell you the truth, I don’t agree with you.‎ To make matters worse, it began to rain.‎ 二、 不定式的时态和语态 1、 不定式的时态 (1) 现在时：有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。如：‎ He seems to know this. I hope to see you again. ‎ (1) 完成时：表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。如：‎ I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.‎ He seems to have caught a cold.‎ （3） 进行时：表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。如：‎ He seems to be eating something.‎ ‎（4）完成进行时：表示动作从过去某个时间开始，一直延续到现在，并有可能持续下去。如：‎ She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.‎ 1、 不定式的语态 当不定式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，就用被动式。如：‎ He was seen to enter the hall. He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.‎ 三、 省to 的动词不定式 1、 情态动词（除ought 外，ought to）‎ 2、 would rather, had better.‎ 3、 感官动词 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel 等后作宾补，省略 to.‎ 注意：在被动语态中 to 不能省略掉。如：‎ I saw him dance. ‎ He was seen to dance. ‎ The boss made them work the whole night.‎ They were made to work the whole night.‎ 4、 使役动词 let, have, make.‎ 5、 由 and, or 和 than 连接的两个不定式，第二个 to 可以省去。如：He wants to move to France and marry the girl.‎ 6、 help 可带 to ,也可不带to, help sb. (to) do sth.‎ 7、 Why don’t you…/Why not…‎ 8、 but 和 except 前是动词 do 时，后面出现的动词用不带 to 的动词不定式。试比较： ‎ ‎ He wants to do nothing but go out. ‎ ‎ He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine.‎ 9、 通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think, understand 等词后，可以省去 to be .如：‎ He is supposed (to be) nice. 他应该是个好人。‎ ‎2.【2016·北京】28. ______ over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.‎ A. Ordering B. To order C. Having ordered D. Ordered ‎【答案】D 考点：考查过去分词作状语 ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ 分词作状语 ‎1. 分词作时间状语相当于when引导的时间状语从句；on doing sth. =as soon as。‎ ‎2. 分词作原因状语相当于as，since，because引导的原因状语从句。‎ ‎3. 分词作方式或伴随状语不能用状语从句替换，但是可以改写成并列句。‎ ‎ 4. 分词作条件状语相当于if unless等引导的从句。常见的引导条件状语的分词有given，supposing, considering, provided, compared with等。‎ ‎ 5. 分词作结果状语相当于so that引导的结果状语从句。分词前常有副词thus，thereby，only等。‎ ‎ 6. 分词作让步状语相当于though或者even if等引导的让步状语从句。‎ ‎3.【2016·北京】32. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, ________ the old town into a dreamland.‎ A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查现在分词表伴随状况。句意：新建的木屋林立在街道的两旁，使古镇变成了一个梦幻之地。turn的逻辑主语是cottages，两者是主动关系，故用现在分词，表示主动和伴随，故选B。‎ 考点：考查现在分词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 现在分词和过去分词的区别：‎ 在语态上，现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词表示被动意义；‎ 在时间上，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行或者与谓语动词同时发生，过去分词表示的动作已经完成或没有一定的时间性。‎ 如：falling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落在地上的树叶 一、 分词的作用 1、 作定语 （1） 单个分词作定语，分词前置。如：‎ The sleeping boy is my son.‎ The excited people rushed into the building.‎ A lost opportunity never returns.‎ He is a retired worker.‎ （2） 分词短语作定语，分词后置；分词修饰不定代词something等要后置；个别分词如give，left等作定语也后置。如：‎ The girl standing under the tree is my niece.‎ The building built last year is our library.‎ This is the question given.‎ There is nothing interesting.‎ （3） 过去分词作定语与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。如：Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists ‎2. The first textbook ______ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.‎ A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written ‎3. What’s the language ______ in Germany?‎ A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak ‎4. Prices of daily goods ______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.‎ A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying.‎ ‎5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door ______ “Sorry to miss you; will call later.”‎ A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading 1、 作状语 现在分词和过去分词在句中可以作时间、原因、方式、伴随、条件、结果等状语。‎ Not receiving any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ As I didn’t receive any letter from him, I gave him a call.‎ Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.‎ If more attention was given, the trees could have grown better.(条件)‎ Walking along the street, I ran across my old friend.‎ Bitten by a snake, he was taken to hospital(原因).‎ Though defeated, he didn’t lose heart. (让步)‎ He lay on the grass, looking into the sky. (伴随)‎ He came running to tell me the good news. (方式)‎ ‎6. ______ some officials, Napoleon inspected his army.‎ A. Followed B. Followed by C. Being followed D. Having been followed ‎7. There was a terrible noise______ the sudden burst of light.‎ ‎ A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed ‎8. ______, liquids can be changed into gases.‎ ‎ A. Heating B. To be heated C. Heated D. Heat ‎ 注意：‎ （1） 选择现在分词还是过去分词，关键看主句的主语。如分词的动作是由主句的主语发出，分词就用现在分词，反之就用过去分词。试比较：‎ ‎（Being）Used for a long time, the book looks old.由于用了很长时间，这本书看上去很旧。‎ Using the book, I find it useful.在使用的过程中，我发现这本书很有用。‎ （2） 分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须和主句的主语一致，如果不一致，就用独立主格结构，即在分词前加上它的逻辑主语。现在分词的完成式主要用于作状语，一般不用作定语。‎ ‎9. When______, the museum will be open to the public next year.‎ A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed ‎10. ______ such heavy pollution already, the river becomes dead water.‎ A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 2、 作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语具有的特征，过去分词作表语多指主语所处的状态。如：‎ The film is touching.‎ The glass is broken.‎ She looked tired with cooking.‎ He remained standing beside the table.‎ 1、 作宾语补足语 分词和不定式一样，在一些感官动词或使役动词后作宾语补足语。如：‎ I smell something burning.‎ I heard him singing the song.‎ I heard my name called.‎ I can’t make myself understood in English.‎ I found my car missing.‎ I’ll have my watch repaired.我想把我的手表修一下。‎ 2、 作插入语 其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。‎ generally speaking 一般说来 talking of (speaking of) 说到 strictly speaking 严格地说 judging from 从···判断 all things considered 从整体来看 taking all things into consideration 全面看来。如：‎ Judging from his face, he must be ill.从他的脸色看，他一定是病了。‎ Generally speaking, dogs can run faster than pigs.总的来说，狗比猪跑得快。‎ 二、分词的时态 1、 与主语动词同时。如：‎ Arriving there, they found the boy dead. ‎ ‎11. The secretary worked late into the night, ______ a long speech for the president.‎ A. to prepare B. preparing C. prepared D. was preparing 2、 先于主语动词 分词作时间状语，如果先于主动词的动作，且强调先后，要用having done。如：‎ Having finished his homework, he went out for a walk.‎ After he had finished his homework, he went out for a walk.‎ ‎12. ______ a reply, he decided to write again.‎ A. Not receiving B. Receiving not ‎ C. Not having received D. Having not received 三、分词的语态 1、 通常情况下，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动。如：‎ He is the man giving you/who gave you the book ‎ She is the girl stopped by/who was stopped by the car. ‎ 2、 不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生。像：gone, fallen, retired, grown-up, escaped, faded, returned等词。如：‎ a retired person 一个退休的人 a fallen ball 一个落下来的球 a burnt-out match 烧完了的火柴 ‎4.【2016·江苏】28.In art criticism, you must assume the artist has a secret message ________within the work.‎ A. to hide B. hidden C. hiding D. being hidden ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 过去分词作定语，在语态上，表被动；在时间上，表示动作已经发生或完成，与它所修饰的名词有逻辑（意义）上的动宾关系。过去分词作定语时，所修饰的名词在逻辑上相当于被动句中的主语，过去分词相当于谓语。  过去分词作定语表示动作在谓语动作之前发生，已经完成并具有被动意义。有时也不表示时间性。作定语的过去分词一般由及物动词变来，因为只有及物动词才有被动意义。‎ 例如：  He is a teacher loved by his students. 他是个很受学生爱戴的老师。   ‎ 也有用不及物动词的过去分词作定语的情况，一般作前置定语，它不表示被动意义，只表示主动意义，强调动作完成。不能像及物动词的过去分词那样放在名词后面作定语。‎ 例如：  fallen leaves 落叶   retired workers 退休工人   the risen sun ‎ 升起的太阳   ‎ 注意下面过去分词作定语的几种情况：   ‎ ‎1. 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：   ‎ We needed much more qualified workers. 我们需要更多的合格的工人。   ‎ My friend is a returned student. 我的朋友是个归国的留学生。   ‎ 单个分词也可以作后置定语，用以强调动作。例如：   ‎ They decided to change the material used. 他们决定更换使用的材料。  ‎ ‎2. 过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰的名词后面，作后置定语，其作用相当于一个定语从句。‎ 例如：The student dressed in white is my daughter.   ‎ ‎=The student who is dressed in white is my daughter.)穿白色衣服的学生是我的女儿。  ‎ ‎3. 如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no + thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等时，即使一个单一的分词作形容词用，也要放在被修饰词的后面。‎ 例如： There is nothing changed here since I left this town.自从我离开这个城镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。  ‎ ‎4. 单个过去分词前加一名词或副词，常用连字符将它们连接起来构成一个复合形容词，放在其修饰的名词前，作前置定语。分词前加的名词表示分词的动作或行为主体，所加的副词表示方 式、时间、程度、性质等意义。‎ 例如： This is a state-owned factory. 这是一家国营工厂。   ‎ ‎5. 作前置定语的某些动词的过去分词的形式与作谓语或表语的过去分词的形式往往不一样。‎ 考点：考查分词做定语 ‎5.【2016·天津】4. The cooling wind swept through out bedroom windows, ____ air conditioning unnecessary.‎ ‎ A. making B. to make C. made D. being made ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：冷风从我们卧室的窗户吹进来，使得没有必要开空调了。前面的事情造成后面的结果，用现在分词作结果状语，表示顺理成章的结果。不定式也可以作结果状语，但是那是预料不到的结果。故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题还有一个考点就是同样是结果状语从句，现在分词和不定式用法也不同，还要结合语境判断符合哪一个，来加以判断。‎ ‎6.【2016·浙江】10.To return to the problem of water pollution , I'd like you to look at a study _______ in Australia in 2012. ‎ A. having conducted B. to be conducted C. conducting D. conducted ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了回到水污染的问题，我想要你研究一下2012年澳大利亚进行的研究。使用非谓语动词作定语，study和conduct是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语。B项也表示被动，但是不定式的被动，表示将要发生的事情。故选D。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作定语的用法，看carry out和修饰的study之间的关系可知用过去分词。‎ ‎7.【2016·浙江】19. I had as much fun sailing the seas as I now do with students.‎ A. working B. work C. to work D. worked ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我在海上航行和现在和学生一起一样快乐。使用非谓语动词作状语，I和work是主谓关系，用现在分词作时间状语。故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】判断非谓语动词的形式的第一步是分析句子成分，看是用谓语动词还是非谓语动词，确定了是非谓语动词，还要判断非谓语动词的成分，和这个动词和逻辑主语的关系。这道题考查非谓语动词作状语的用法，看I和work的逻辑关系可以看出是现在分词。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I was the first Western TV reporter__66___ (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued ‎ from starvation in the wild. My ambassadorial duties will include ____67_(introduce) British visitors to the 120-plus pandas at Chengdu and others at a research in the misty mountains of Bifengxia.‎ ‎66. permitted 考查过去分词。被修饰的名词和permit之间是被动关系，用过去分词。‎ ‎67. introducing考查动名词。 介词后面应该用动名词形式。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ If you find something you love doing outside of the office, you’ll be less likely 49 (bring) your work home.‎ ‎49.to bring 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；你就不太可能把工作带回家去做，因为你找到了你喜欢做的事情。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal 43 (create) special designs.‎ The Chinese have used chopsticks for five thousand years. People probably cooked their food in large pots, 44 (use) twigs(树枝)to remove it. ‎ ‎43. to create考查不定式作目的状语。技术娴熟的工人会把各种各样的硬质木材和金属结合起来，以创造出特殊风格的筷子。这里用不定式表目的，故填to create。‎ ‎44.using考查现在分词作伴随状语。人们可能使用大锅煮食物，用树枝把锅移开，use的逻辑主语是people，两者是主动关系，用现在分词表示伴随状况，故填using。‎ ‎4.【2016·上海】(B)‎ ‎ Do you find yourself getting impatient or(38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.‎ ‎ To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.‎ ‎ 40. to get 考查形容词短语。形容词短语be likely to do sth可能做某事；句意：如果你生活中的压力超过150，你就非常有可能生病了。‎ ‎5.【2016·四川】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ She was a very 43 (care)mother.For 25days,she never left her baby,not even to find something 44 (eat)!‎ ‎43.caring/careful 此处是现在分词或形容词作定语，放在名词前面，故填caring/careful。‎ ‎44.to eat 句意：甚至不去找吃的东西。此处是动词不定式放在不定代词后面作后置定语，故填to eat。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【2016·全国新课标I】短文改错（10 分） ‎ Every day he makes sure that fresh vegetables or high quality oil are using for cooking. ‎ ‎5. or→ and 考查连词。根据句意判断此处是表示并列关系，故把or改为and。‎ ‎6. using →used 考查被动语态。根据句意可知此处表示被动含义，be used for“被用来去做”。‎ ‎2.【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ We can chose between staying at home and take a trip. ‎ ‎2.chose改为choose 考查句子结构。“情态动词+动词原形”才可以在句中作为谓语部分，而本句中chose是过去式。‎ ‎3.take改为taking 考查并列结构。本句中动名词短语staying at home与taking a trip构成并列关系，都作为介词between的宾语。‎ ‎3.【2016·全国新课标III】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.‎ ‎58.wear—wearing考查固定搭配。by是介词，意为“通过”，后跟名词／代词或动名词，故把wear改为wearing。‎ ‎4.【2016·四川】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Mom was grateful and moving.‎ ‎10.moving---moved 句意：妈妈即感激有感动。故把moving---moved。‎ ‎5.【2016·浙江】短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ He would ask who we was and pretend not to knowing us. ‎ ‎70.【答案】was改成were ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 这句话的主语是we，谓语用复数，而且这篇文章是作者回忆小时候的事情，用一般过去时。故was改成were。‎ 考点：考查主谓一致 ‎71.【答案】knowing改成know ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：pretend后面接不定式作宾语，这里是否定式pretend not to do。故knowing改成know。‎ 考点：考查动词不定式 ‎2015年高考题 ‎1.【2015·湖南】30.When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, ________ whether to stay or leave.‎ A. wondering B. wonder C．to wonder D．wondered ‎【答案】A 　‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语，故选A。句意：当那个小职员看到一张善良的面孔泛起皱纹并歉意地一笑时，她像生了根一样站在那儿，不知道是走还是留。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 非谓语形式有三种：1、动词不定式：to do  2、动词的ing : doing  3、　动词的过去分词：done;不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。非谓语动词的做题步骤1、判定是否用非谓语形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了谓语动词了;2、找非谓语动词的逻辑主语。方法：非谓语动词的逻辑主语一般是句子的主语。3、判断主被动关系。方法：非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的主动还是被动关系。4、判断时间关系。方法：分析句子，看看非谓语动词所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前、之后还是同时。之前常用 done; 之后常用to do; 同时常用doing.从本题来看主句的主语she与动词wonder构成逻辑上的主动关系，因此用v.ing形式作伴随状语。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】21._____the early flight,we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early.‎ A.Catching. B.Caught. C.To catch. D.Catch ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为了赶上早班的飞机，我们提前叫了出租车并且起得很早。这里逻辑主语是we，空中用不定式作目的状语，表示提前交出租车并且早起的目的。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】此题应抓住逻辑主语与从句的关系，然后从句意中看出句子中缺少的成份，可以知道这里用不定式做目的状语，意思是“为了…”，学生需要注意非谓语动词中现在分词、过去分词、不定式和各种动词在句子中做的成份，才可以做好此类题。‎ ‎3.【2015·北京】23.The park was full of people,____themselves in the sunshine.‎ A.having enjoyed B.enjoyed C.enjoying D.to enjoy ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这个公园充满了人，在阳光下他们玩的很尽兴。本题考查非谓语动词。本题非谓语动词的逻辑主语为people，人们玩得开心为主动的，因此排除B选项；D to enjoy 不定式表示动作未发生，由题干可知，是过去的动作，因此排除D选项；A having enjoyed 为现在分词的完成形式，一定要发生在谓语动作之前，根据题意，不符合。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查学生对非谓语动词的掌握情况，做题时可以先根据情景，语境等排除错误选项。然后根据句子中的主谓关系判断出正确选项。做好此类题需要先判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词是主动关系还是被动关系，然后看非谓语动词动作与谓语动词动作发生的先后顺序，所以学生需要多加注意句子之间的关系。‎ ‎4.【2015·北京】31.If ___for the job, you’ll be informed soon.‎ A .to accept B. accept C. accepting D. accepted ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果录用你了，我们将很快通知你。本句条件状语从句中省略了主语you，与accept构成被动关系，用过去分词accepted。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题暗含了状语从句的省略和非谓语动词的用法两个知识点，并牢记现在分词表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成，不定式表将要执行的动作的原则。做好此类题需要牢记句子中省略，还有主语和动词之间的关系。‎ ‎5.【2015·重庆】6. ____ in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.‎ A. Being raised B. Raising C. Raised D. To raise ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎ 【考点定位】考查非谓语谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】 本题在考查非谓语动词，题目难度中等，从选项看，不定式：表示目的和将来；动词的ing：表示主动和进行；过去分词：表示被动和完成。从句子结构判断，两个句子是否共用一个主语，主语与第一个动词之间是主谓关系还是动宾关系，再者还要注意判断时间关系，从而得出答案来。‎ ‎6.【2015·重庆】11. Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way____ the sun and the stars.‎ A. used B. having used C. using D. use ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：象古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。Using是伴随状语。 选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】伴随状语是指状语从句的动作伴随主句发生，它的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的，这个考点在高考中经常出现，本题考查的是分词做伴随状语，分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词短语表示与主句的主语在逻辑上有主谓关系，即表示主动意义； 而过去分词短语则表示与主句的主语在逻辑上是动宾关系，即被动意义；He sen me an e-mail hoping to ge further information 他给我发一封电子邮件，希望得到更多的信息； He hurried to the hall, followed by two guards. 他匆忙进了大厅，后面跟着两个警卫。‎ ‎7.【2015·浙江】18. Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it live is quite another.‎ ‎ A. perform B. performing C. to perform D. being performed ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb/sth doing 表听到某人某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。分析4个选项知道，答案所使用的是同一个动词，不同的是时态、语态或者是非谓语形式。 A是动词原形，B是非谓语现在分词形式，C是非谓语的不定式，D是非谓语的现在分词被动形式。分析句子结构以及用法，不难知道音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动词非谓语 ‎【名师点睛】解答此题，既需要正确区分非谓语和谓语的用法，又要对语态中的被动和主动有所了解，另外也要对hear 这个感官动词的用法有了解。其中的非谓语和谓语可以根据句子成分划分得出，而语态关键看主语是人还是物。当物作主语时需要用被动。‎ ‎8.【2015·天津】8. ______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. ‎ ‎ A. To work B. Worked ‎ C. To be working D. Having worked ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：工作了两天，Steve成功的按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。故选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，再分析二者之间的关系，现在分词完成式表示其动作发生在句子谓语动作之前，放在句首的不定式只能表示目的性，故应当排除。‎ ‎9.【2015·天津】5. ______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching. ‎ ‎ A. To absorb B. To be absorbed ‎ C. Absorbed D. Absorbing ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：全神贯注于绘画中，约翰没有注意到晚上到了。短语be absorbed in全神贯注于，在句中作状语。故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查的非谓语动词为高中重点语法之一。在分析题目的时候，首先要抓住非谓语动词所对应的逻辑主语，确定逻辑主语之后，再分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系，最后根据句意选择正确的答案。‎ ‎10.【2015·陕西】17. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career.‎ ‎ A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在获得奥斯卡最佳女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演绎生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情，所以选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查不定式 ‎【名师点睛】不定式有一些具体的用法，可以做宾语，定语，状语。还有不定式的不同形式：to do；to be doing；to have done。这题要注意go on to do“继续做不同的事情”和go on doing“继续做相同的事情”的区别。结合语境是关键。‎ ‎11.【2015·陕西】18. Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother good care of at home.‎ A. taking B. taken C. take D. be taken ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr. Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，所以选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查过去分词 ‎【名师点睛】考生在做非谓语动词的题目时，首先要通过分析句子知道这里需要的是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。还有是作什么成分，然后根据和修饰语的关系决定用哪种非谓语单词：是现在分词还是过去分词或者不定式。‎ ‎12.【2015·福建】28._________ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.‎ A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎13.【2015·福建】33.In recent years an English word "infosphere" has appeared, _______the sense of “information” and " atmosphere".‎ A. combine B. combined C. combing D. being combined ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，所以故选C ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词的考点可以说占了高考的很大比重。但是他们的使用方法也很好判别，一般现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词表示被动的关系，动词不定式的用法很多，通常是跟在一个动词后面形成的固定结构，只要分辨出句子中的关系就能够成功解题。‎ ‎14.【2015·江苏】24.Much time _____ sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.‎ A. being spent B. having spent C. spent D. spending ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：上班族们坐在办工座前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。故选C项。‎ ‎【考点定位】独立主格结构 ‎【名师点睛】考生要抓住非谓语动词考点做题重要原则：非谓语动词作状语，其逻辑主语必须和句子主语保持一致，和句子主语构成主谓关系时用-ing形式，构成动宾关系是用-ed形式。其逻辑主语和句子主语不一致时，要在非谓语动词前加逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。‎ ‎15.【2015·安徽】27.______ the difference between the two research findings will be one of the worst mistakes you make.‎ A. Ignore B. Ignoring C. Ignored D. Having ignored ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：忽视这两项研究结果的差异将会是你所犯的最严重的错误之一。句子缺少主语，ignore的逻辑主语是you，两者是主谓关系，因此用动名词做主语，故选B。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查动名词作主语 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查非谓语动词。“will be”前面的“______ the difference between the two research findings”是主语部分，动词原形和过去分词不能直接作主语，习惯上用动名词作主语。且you和ignore是主谓关系，这里表示同时发生，而非先后发生，因此不用分词的完成式。‎ ‎16.【2015·湖南】34.Sometimes I act as a listening ear for fellow students ________ what is bothering them.‎ A. to talk over B. talked over C．talk over D．having talked over ‎【答案】A 　‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：有时我充当了倾听同学们谈论烦心事的对象。此处不定式表示目的。故选A。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎【名师点睛】非谓语动词不定式可以表示目的，在句中作目的状语。①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money. 他夜以继日地工作来赚钱。She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. 她卖掉了自己的头发来买那条表链。注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致 ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2017、2018名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2018年模拟题 一、单项填空 ‎1．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】A heavy sandstorm is going to envelop our city. It is unwise to have your car .‎ A. wash B. washed C. washing D. to wash ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查过去分词做宾语补足语。句意：一场猛烈的沙尘暴将包围我们的城市。把你的车洗干净是不明智的。have sth done使某物成一种……的状态，your car和wash之间是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语，故选B。‎ ‎2．【北京市丰台区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】Beijing’s new international airport into operation in 2019 will serve 72 million passengers annually.‎ A. being put B. to be put C. put D. to put ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：北京将于2019年投入运营的新国际机场每年将为7200万乘客提供服务。此处表示将来，所以用动词不定式做后置定语，airport和put之间是被动关系，故用动词不定式一般式的被动式做后置定语，答案为B。‎ ‎3．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】______ an opposing idea effectively, you can use the following words and phrases.‎ A. To express B. Expressing C. Expressed D. Being expressed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了能有效地表达相反的观点，你可以用以下的词语。根据句意可知用动词不定式作状语表示目的，故选A.‎ ‎4．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】______ the difference between the two findings ‎ is one of the worst mistakes you’ve made.‎ A. Ignored B. Ignoring C. To ignore D. Having ignored ‎【答案】B ‎5．【北京市朝阳区2018届高三5月综合练习（二模）】In the library you can use your own computer to connect to Wi-Fi specially _____ for readers.‎ A. preparing B. to prepare C. prepared D. prepare ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查过去分词。句意：在这个图书馆，你能用你自己的电脑连接特别为读者准备的Wi-Fi。此处是过去分词做后置定语，故选C。‎ ‎6．【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】This course is of great interest to students, _____ to improve their writing skills.‎ A. hope B. to hope C. hoping D. hoped ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：本课程对学生来说有极大的兴趣，希望能提高他们的写作能力。根据与逻辑主语this course是主动关系，故此处用现在分词做伴随状态，故答案为C。‎ ‎7．【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】—Vivien, you look blue. What’s wrong?‎ ‎—There are so many papers _____. I’m really busy recently.‎ A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：——Vivien，你看起来情绪低落。怎么了？——有这么多要完成的论文。最近我真的很忙。动词不定式表示动作尚未发生，此处用动词不定式做后置定语，故选B。‎ ‎8．【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】_____ at the differences between her culture and theirs, Annie wanted to return home.‎ A. Confusing B. Confused C. Having confused D. To confuse ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：安妮对她的文化和他们的文化之间的差异感到困惑，她想要回家。句子主语Annie和Confuse之间是被动关系，所以此处用过去分词做原因状语，答案为B。‎ ‎9．【北京市西城区2018届高三一模】—What a shame! We misunderstood each other for such a long time.‎ ‎—Yes, I wish I _____ with you earlier.‎ A. communicate B. had communicated C. communicated D. would communicate ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：——真遗憾!我们彼此误解了很长时间。——我真希望早点和你交流过。wish后面的宾语从句用虚拟语气，此处与过去的事实相反，所以用过去完成时态，故选B。‎ ‎10．【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2018届高三教学情况调研（一）】The Lifelong Learning Programme to enable people to take part in learning experiences has taken off across Europe.‎ A. having been designed B. being designed C. designed D. designing ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】C考查非谓语动词。句意：让人们参与学习体验的终生学习计划在欧洲各地流行起来。Design和programme是动宾关系，用过去分词作定语，故选C。‎ ‎11．【江苏省泰州中学2018届高三3月月度检测（二模模拟）】____regular training in nursing, she could hardly cope with the work at first.‎ A. Not received B. Since receiving C. Having not received D. Not having received D【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中receive和主语she是主谓关系，用doing形式。且receive发生在主句谓语动词之前，用having received，not放在非谓语动词前。句意：由于没有接受过正规的护理培训，起初她几乎无法应付这份工作。故选D。‎ ‎12．【江苏省泰州中学2018届高三3月月度检测（二模模拟）】 at the back of the room was a shy girl with two big eyes.‎ A. Sat B. Sit C. Seating D. Seated D【解析】考查非谓语动词。本句是一个倒装句，seated为形容词作表语。句意：在房间的后面坐着一个害羞的女孩，有两只大眼睛。故选D。‎ ‎13．【江苏省泰州中学2018届高三3月月度检测（二模模拟）】The artist is said during the production and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.‎ A. to be cheated B. being cheated C. to have been cheated D. having been cheated C【解析】考查非谓语动词。句中考查be said to do表示“据说……”，再根据后句and thus a pirated video was sold in every part of Kenya.可知事情已经发生，故用不定式的完成式。句意：据说这位艺术家的作品已经被窃取了, 因此在肯尼亚的每一个地方都有盗版视频。故选C。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 学习非谓语动词不定式时，我们需要把握不定式的时态和语态：1、一般式（表示将要做某事） to do，被动语态 to be done；2、进行式（表示正在进行） to be doing，无被动语态；3、完成式 to have done（表示已经完成），被动语态 to have been done。‎ ‎14．【江苏省泰州中学2018届高三3月月度检测（二模模拟）】 , I believe, and you will find Tom is outgoing.‎ A. Having a talk with the student B. One talk with the student C. Given a talk with the student D. If you have a talk with the student B【解析】选B。考查特殊句式。句意: 和学生谈一谈, 我相信你会发现汤姆非常友好。本题是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构, 前面的祈使句也可以是名词(短语), 故选B。‎ ‎15．【2018年天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考英语（一）】____ of danger in the street at night, the girl doesn’t dare to go out without someone ____ her.‎ A. Warned; accompanied B. Warned; accompanying C. Warning; accompanied D. Warning; accompanying ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。整个句子没有连词，句子已经有谓语动词，所以第一空是非谓语动词，warn与she之间是被动关系，故用过去分词；第二空是with的复合结构，someone与accompany之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。句意：被警告晚上在街上有危险，没有人陪她，这个女孩不敢出去。故选B。‎ ‎16．【2018年天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考英语（一）】—What has made him in such high spirits recently?‎ ‎—_____ by his teacher for succeeding passing the exam.‎ A. Being praised B. Praised C. Having praised D. To praise ‎【答案】A ‎17．【2018届天津市滨海七所重点学校高三毕业班联考】Nowadays, more and more Chinese homes have the technology and equipment ______ to do online shopping.‎ A. needed B. needing C. need D. to need ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查固定句式。目前，越来越多的中国家庭拥有在线购物所需的技术和设备。have +宾语+过去分词，此处是过去分词做宾语补足语，根据句意可知答案为A。‎ ‎18．【天津市部分区2018届高三质量调查(一)】Several of us were asked to attend the meeting, as ________ below.‎ A. listed B. listing C. to be listed D. having listed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们中有几个人被要求参加这次会议，如下所列。此处是过去分词做定语，表示已经过去的事情。故选A。‎ ‎19．【天津市部分区2018届高三质量调查(一)】— ________ your purchases in time, make sure the express company knows your address exactly.‎ A. To receive B. Received C. Receiving D. Having received ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 考查非谓语动词。句意：为了及时收到你的购买，确保快递公司准确地知道你的地址。此处是动词不定式做目的状语，故选A。‎ ‎20．【天津市河东区2018届高三第一次模拟】He let me write down his instructions sure that I would know what was after he went away.‎ A. making; doing B. making; to do C. to make; to do D. to make; to be done ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：他让我写下他的指示，以确保我知道他离开后要做什么。第一空是动词不定式表目的，指让我写的目的。第二空处宾语从句的主语what和动词do是被动关系，是不定式作表语，用不定式的被动形式。故选D。‎ 二、语法填空 ‎1. 【安徽省滁州市2018届高三9月联合质量检测】阅读下列材料，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ As is known,China is a great country with a time-honored history and profound culture.While___41___(mention) Chinese culture,Chinese tea culture cannot be missed.It is the culture of making tea and drinking tea in China,which is___42___(difference) from that of Europe,Britain,and Japan.‎ In China,drinking tea___43___(refer) as tasting tea,which not only means distinguishing the quality of tea.but also enjoying the pleasure of falling into the dream about life while drinking tea.A short retreat from a much busier life, make a cup of tea___44___taste it in a quiet place on your own,not only relieving tiredness but also refreshing___45___ (you) soul heartily.‎ China is a country with a time-honored civilization,___46___is quite particular about ceremony and etiquette（礼节）. When guests pay a visit,etiquette of making tea for guests is___47___(basic) required.When making tea,proper blending of tea___48___(leaf) is quite necessary,so that favorable flavor would be created.When drinking tea with guests,pay attentions to the tea left in___49___cup of guests and it should be refilled when the cup is half-full.If___50___(accompany) with tea dessert,candies and dishes,drinking tea would be more tasteful and joyful.‎ ‎【答案】41. mentioning ‎ ‎42. different ‎ ‎43. is referred ‎ ‎44. and 45. your ‎ ‎46. which 47. basically ‎ ‎48. leaves 49. the ‎ ‎50. accompanied ‎【解析】这篇文章主要介绍了中国的茶文化。‎ ‎41. 考查固定用法。While mentioning是固定用法，意思是当提到……，所以填mentioning。‎ ‎42. 考查固定用法。be different from是固定用法，意思是与……不同，所以填different。‎ ‎43. 考查语态。drinking tea与refer之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，填is referred。‎ ‎44. 考查连词。make a cup of tea与taste it in a quiet place on your own是并列关系，所以填and。‎ ‎45. 考查代词。句意：不仅解除疲劳，并且振奋你的精神。表示“你的”，所以填your。‎ ‎46. 考查定语从句。这里含有一个非限制性定语从句，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，所以填which。‎ ‎47. 考查副词。修饰动词required，用副词形式，所以填basically。‎ ‎48. 考查名词。“适当的混合茶叶” 是一个复数概念，所以填leaves。‎ ‎49. 考查冠词。特指“客人的杯子”，所以填定冠词the。‎ ‎50. 考查非谓语动词。drinking tea与accompany之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词，填accompanied。‎ ‎2. 【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Take a tour of Monkey Park Situated between Jerusalem and the coastal city of Tel Aviv, Israel’s Monkey Park is home _____41_____ more than two hundred and fifty different species of monkeys.‎ Considered one of the country’s most popular animal ______42______(attraction), it offers a unique experience as it ______43______(run) by the Israeli Primate Foundation, a nonprofit organization whose aim is to provide a rehabilitation(康复) center for monkeys while ______44______(educate) the public about these lovely creatures.‎ Over the last two years the park ______45______(receive) 650 monkeys from a breeding farm that shut down. Most monkeys in ______46______ park live in enclosures(圈地). Visitors are able to view them up close and, thanks to one ______47______(special) designed section, are even able ‎ to interact with them. Right outside the visiting area is the rehabilitation center. That’s _____48_____ monkeys who need care are being nursed back to health.‎ Among the family-friendly activities ______49______(offer) at Monkey Park for human visitors are workshops, rides and wall climbing. There are also comprehensive guided walking tours, ______50______ last up to three hours.‎ One feature of the Monkey Park is the children’s playground. But it’s still the monkeys that attract people most.‎ ‎【答案】41. to 42. attractions 43. is run 44. educatin 45. has received 46. the 47. specially 48. where 49. offered 50. which ‎【解析】文章介绍了猴子公园，包括它的地理位置，特点，经营模式等。‎ ‎41. to考查介词。句意：以色列的猴子公园位于耶路撒冷和特拉维夫海滨城市之间，有250多种不同种类的猴子。home to是…的故乡，故填to.‎ ‎42. attractions考查名词复数。句意：它被认为是该国最受欢迎的动物景点之一，动物景点用名词复数形式，故填attractions。 ‎ ‎43. is run考查时态和语态。句意：它是由以色列灵长类基金会管理的，表示这个动作现在的情况，用一般现在时态；是被管理的，用被动语态。故填is run。‎ ‎44. educating考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是提供为猴子提供一个康复(康复)中心同时教育公众有关这些可爱的生物。故填educating。‎ ‎48. where考查连词。句意：在那里，需要照顾的猴子正被照顾着恢复健康。where引导表语从句。故填where。‎ ‎49. offered考查动词过去分词。句意：在猴子公园为游客提供的适合家庭的活动中，有工作室、游乐设施和攀爬墙。offered过去分词作定语修饰activities，故填offered。‎ ‎50. which考查关系代词。句意：此外，还有全面的导游徒步旅行，最长可达三个小时。Which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作主语，故填which。‎ ‎3. 【河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期四模】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ How would you feel if you woke up and found your entire computer’s contents — including your photos, your recent documents — no longer ___41___ (access)? What if you found out that they had ___42___ (wipe) from your computer, leaving you with nothing but heartache?‎ Guess what? It happens to people every single day. Every day, people across the country head into their local Apple store in ___43___ (tear), broken computer in hand, praying as they wait in line that ___44___ expensive repair might, just might, recover ___45___ priceless, irreplaceable files. A few get lucky. But for the rest, there’s nothing anyone can do ___46___ (help).‎ Hasn’t happened to you? If your computer ___47___ (remain) unprotected, it will, and it’s only a matter a time. But thanks to recent breakthroughs in computer backup technology, you now have a number of options to prepare, and if you’re smart, when your computer ___48___ (crash), you shouldn’t have any problem ___49___ (get) 100% of your files back that same day. I’m not talking about an external hard drive. I’m talking about an online backup ___50___ (solve) that runs quietly in the background on your computer. If you have one installed, when your computer crashes, you’ll be just one click away from bringing your files back to life.‎ ‎【答案】41. accessible ‎ ‎42. been wiped ‎ ‎43. tears 44. an ‎ ‎45. the/their ‎ ‎46. to help ‎ ‎47. remains ‎ ‎48. crashes ‎ ‎49. (in) getting ‎ ‎50. solution ‎【解析】 本文属于科普文章。当我们发现自己的整个电脑的内容 ，你最近的文档不再可以访问，消失了除了痛心疾首，还有一种在线备份技术能帮助你。它在你的电脑后台运行。如果你安装了一个，当你的电脑崩溃时，你只需点击一次就可以把你的文件恢复正常。‎ ‎41. accessible ‎ 考查形容词作定语。分析句子可知本空要用的形容词做定语，access是名词，故用accessible。句意：如果你醒来后发现你的整个电脑的内容——包括你的照片，你最近的文档——不再可以访问，你会有什么感觉.。因此要用accessible。‎ ‎42. been wiped ‎43. tears ‎ ‎ 考查名词。全国各地的人们都伤心地（眼含泪水地）走进当地的苹果店，手里拿着破电脑。in是介词，后面要跟名词作宾语，in tears.含着泪水，故用tears。‎ ‎44. an ‎ 考查冠词。句意;他们排队等候时，祈祷昂贵的修理时可能，也许会把他们无价的，不可替代的文件找回。分析句子可知an expensive repair一次昂贵的修理。因为expensive 是元音开头的，故用an。‎ ‎45. the/their ‎ 考查限制词。分析句意可知：是恢复他们的无价的资料。故用their/the。‎ ‎46. to help ‎ 考查动词不定式表目的。少数人走运。但对于其他人来说，没有任何人能做什么去帮助（他们），故用to help。‎ ‎47. remains ‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：（这种事）你没发生过吗？如果你的电脑没有受到保护，它迟早会（出现问题）的，这只是一个时间问题。Remain的主语是your computer，是单数，要用remains。‎ ‎48. crashes ‎ ‎ 考查主谓一致。句意：如果你是聪明的，当你的电脑崩溃时，你应该不会有任何问题能在一天内100%的找回文件。crash的逻辑主语是是your computer，是单数，而且二者是主动关系，故用crashes。‎ ‎49. (in) getting ‎ 考查固定搭配。句意：你在一天之内找回所有的文件是应该不会有问题的。have any problem( in可省略 ) doing sth.做某事没有问题。故用(in) getting。‎ ‎50. solution 考查名词。句意：我说的是一个在线备份解决方案，它在你的电脑后台运行。分析句意可知solve在句中作about的宾语，solve是动词，不能作宾语。故要用名词solution。‎ ‎4. 【湖北省八校2018届高三第二次联考】阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ I won’t call myself the most accomplished person when it comes to ___61___ (hold) chopsticks. In fact, I’m pretty sure that my technique looks clumsy at times. I tend to hold ___62___ (I) in the middle, more beginner than expert.‎ Still, since I eat almost every meal with the eating utensil(器皿)of choice in China it’s not uncommon for a new friend or acquaintance to come to a simple ___63___ (conclude) after observing me that my Chinese husband, Jun, must ___64___ (show) me how to use them.‎ They are wrong. I’ve used chopsticks ever since I was a teenager, a time when my sister and mother were both fond of Chinese cuisine and introduced me ___65___ many new dishes, along with the ___66___ (prefer) utensils in China. We always kept bamboo chopsticks along with our ___67___ (knife), forks and spoons, ready for whenever we happened to have Chinese food for dinner. It was my closest family ___68___ observed my first mistakes I made in using chopsticks.‎ Plus, I lived over two years in China before Jun and I started dating and I ___69___ (expect) to use chopsticks in almost every restaurant, stand and bar. Trust me, when you’re hungry you figure out pretty fast what it takes to down(咽下) ___70___ meal with these utensils.‎ ‎【答案】61. holding ‎ ‎62. mine 63. conclusion ‎ ‎64. have shown ‎ ‎65. to 66. preferred ‎ ‎67. knives 68. who/that ‎ ‎69. was expected ‎ ‎70. a ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要记叙了作者本人学会用筷子的点点滴滴。‎ ‎61. 考查动名词。在when it comes to …这一固定句型中，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。句意：说到拿筷子，我不会称自己为最有成就的人。故填holding。‎ ‎62.‎ ‎ 考查动词。根据上下文可知，这里是指“握住我的筷子”。句意：我往往握住筷子的中间。故填mine。‎ ‎63. 考查名词。固定短语come to a conclusion得出结论，故用名词形式。句意：得出了一个简单的结论。故填conclusion。‎ ‎64. 考查情态动词。本题考查情态动词must表推测的用法，因为是对过去行为的推测，故用have done。句意：一定会向我展示怎么用它们。故填have shown。‎ ‎65. 考查介词。短语introduce sb. to sth.向某人介绍某物。句意：并向我介绍许多新菜。故填to。‎ ‎66. 考查非谓语动词。这里为过去分词作定语，意思为“为中国人所偏爱的”。句意：以及中国人所偏爱的器皿。故填preferred。‎ ‎67. 考查名词。根据前面的our和后面的forks and spoons,可知，这里用其复数形式。句意：一起的还有刀叉和调羹。故填knives。‎ ‎68. 考查强调句。因为被强调部分是人，所以，既可以用who也可以用that。句意：是我最亲密的家人看到我第一次错误的使用筷子。故填who/that。‎ ‎69. 考查时态和语态。根据全文时态及句意可知，主语I与expect为动宾关系，故用过去时的被动形式。句意：人们预计我在几乎每一个餐馆、摊点和酒吧都会使用筷子。故用was expected。‎ ‎70. 考查冠词。这里meal为可数名词，单数，非特指。句意：用这些器皿咽下一顿饭。故填a。‎ ‎5. 【东北三省三校（哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学）2018届高三第二次模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填人适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ People today take lots of photos. Some photographs are really memorable. They either capture important events, such as birthday parties or weddings, ___61___ show beautiful places. Years later, people may look at these special photos to remember ___62___ past.‎ However, how did people record important moments without cameras long ago? Some people told ___63___ ( story) about old times, and others wrote down ___64___ they remembered. There were also a lot of people ___65___ (make) special drawings to help them recall important moments. Among those people were Native Americans of the Lakota tribe.‎ Every year, Lakota leaders decided which event was most important. A Lakota ___66___ (art) was then asked to draw a special picture of that event. Because each year ’ s picture was decided on during the winter, the drawings became ___67___ ( know) as winter counts.‎ For a long time, winter counts were drawn on animal skins. Later, the drawings ___68___ (do) on paper. The pictures told the history of the tribe. Each year, the newest winter count was added ‎ ‎___69___ the Lakota collection of pictures from ___70___ (early) times. That helped people keep track of the years. Today，winter counts are important records of the Lakota’s past.‎ ‎【答案】61. or 62. the ‎ ‎63. stories ‎ ‎64. what 65. making ‎ ‎66. artist 67. known ‎ ‎68. were done ‎ ‎69. to 70. earlier ‎【解析】今天的人们拍很多的照片。有些照片是真的令人难忘。那以前没有相机的日子人们如何来记录重要时刻呢？‎ ‎61. 考查连词。照片或者记录重大时刻或者展现美丽风光。短语either…or，表示或者…或者...。故填or。‎ ‎62. 考查冠词。照片可以纪念过去。表示特指，用定冠词。故填the。‎ ‎63. 考查名词。关于过去的故事，是很多的故事，用名词复数形式。故填stories。‎ ‎64. 考查连词。介词后是宾语从句，从句中缺宾语，故填what。‎ ‎65. 考查非谓语动词。句子有谓语动词were，第二个动词用非谓语动词，制作和人们是主动关系。故填making。‎ ‎69. 考查介词。短语add…to，表示增添。故填to。‎ ‎70. 考查形容词。表示比现在更早些的时期，用形容词比较级。故填earlier。‎ 三、短文改错 ‎1. 【东北三省三校（哈师大附中、东北师大附中、辽宁省实验中学）2018届高三第二次模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10 处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号（A )，并在其下面写出该加的词。 s 删除:把多余的词用斜线（)划掉。‎ 修改:在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ My dream was to become a school teacher in the future. In fact, I have had the dream since my childhood. In my opinion, with teachers, no society could make progresses. There is no doubt whether teachers play an important role in children’ s growth. Not only teachers pass on knowledge to children, but we also teach children how to behave themselves. Comparing with other jobs, teaching is hard and the pay is lower. And to me, what a great fun it is to be with children! They make me feel young forever so I' 11 study hard and try my best to realize my dream.‎ ‎【答案】was改为is with 改为without progresses改为progress whether改为that Not only加上do we 改为they Comparing 改为Compared hard改为harder或lower改成low And改为But或Yet a去掉 ‎【解析】本文讲的是作者想要成为一名老师。因为作者认为没有老师社会就不会有进步。尽管跟其它工作比起来，当教师既辛苦又没钱，但作者最大的兴趣就是要和孩子们呆在一起。所以为了自己的梦想，作者现在就开始努力。‎ 小题 1. 考查动词时态的用法。通篇是讲述事实，用一般现在时，故was改为is。 ‎ 小题 2. 考查介词的用法。没有社会能进步，假如没有老师，表示否定，故with 改为without。 ‎ 小题 3. 考查名词的单复数。progress是不可数名词，没有复数形式。故progresses改为progress 。 ‎ 小题 4. 考查同位语从句中的引导词。doubt的句子中，如果主句是否定，后用whether引导从句，如果主句是肯定，则用that。故whether改为that 。 ‎ 小题 5. 考查动词时态的用法。not only位于句首用部分倒装，通篇现在时用助动词与主语倒装，故 Not only加上do 。 ‎ 小题 6. 考查代词时态的用法。根据前面的teachers得知这里指代他们，故we 改为they 。 ‎ 小题 7. 考查分词做状语。如果动词与句子主语是主动关系，用现在分词做状语；如果是被动关系，则用过去分词。这里compare与teaching是被动关系，要用过去分词做状语。故Comparing 改为Compared 。 ‎ 小题 8. 考查形容词比较级。这里是做比较，要用比较级。故hard改为harder或lower改成low。 ‎ 小题 9. 考查连词辨析。与前句Comparing with other jobs, teaching is hard and the pay is lower. And to me, what great fun it is to be with children与其它工作相比，当老师很辛苦又没钱，但对于我，我喜欢跟孩子们在一起。是转折关系，故And改为But或Yet。‎ 小题 10. 考查冠词的用法。fun是不可数名词，前面不能用冠词，故a去掉。‎ ‎2. 【安徽省六校教育研究会2018届高三第二次联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ Stockholm, the capital of Sweden, hopes to stop using fossil fuel (化石能源) completely by 2040. Now the city wants larger lorries what cause more pollution to use bio-fuel, which are produced from waste. Stockholm is also working with Fortum, an energy company, to take advantage a city-wide heating system, use waste heat from supermarkets and stadiums to supply heat for homes. However, the city is trying to change people behavior, step by step. On one newly built estate (庄园), people are providing with tablets that show its real-time energy usage. This is to help them good understand how they use and waste gas, water and electricity.‎ ‎【答案】1. 第 1 句 capital 前 the 删除 ‎ ‎2. 第 2 句 whatàthat/which ‎ ‎3.第 2 句 areàis ‎ ‎4. 第 3 句 advantage 后加 of ‎ ‎5. 第 3 句 useàusing ‎ ‎6.第 4 句 However àBesides/Moreover/… ‎ ‎7. 第 4句 peopleàpeople’s ‎ ‎8. 第 5 句 providingàprovided ‎ ‎9. 第 5 句 itsàtheir ‎ ‎10. 第 6 句goodàbetter ‎【解析】第一处：考查冠词。句意：斯德哥尔摩，瑞典的首都，希望到2040年完全停止使用化石能源。“the capital of Sweden”是Stockholm的同位语，做同位语时，capital前不加冠词，故应将the去掉。‎ 第二处：句意：这座城市想让造成更多污染的大卡车使用生物燃料。分析句子结构，“what cause more pollution”是定语从句，修饰larger lorries，引导词在从句中做主语，指物，故该从句要用关系代词which/that引导。what不能引导定语从句。‎ 第三处：考查主谓一致。“which are produced from waste”是定语从句，修饰bio-fuel，which指代bio-fuel，根据主谓一致原则，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式is。‎ 第四处：考查介词。take advantage of意为“利用……”，是固定短语，故要在advantage和a之间加of。‎ 第五处：考查非谓语动词。句意：斯德哥尔摩和一家名为Fortum的能源公司合作来利用全市供热系统，利用来自超市和体育馆的余热为家庭供暖。“use waste heat from supermarkets and stadiums to supply heat for homes” 是方式状语，主句主语和use之间是主动关系，故要用现在分词作状语。‎ 第六处：考查副词。句意：这座城市正在努力地逐步改变人们的行为。该句和上一句（斯德哥尔摩和一家名为Fortum的能源公司合作来利用全市供热系统，利用来自超市和体育馆的余热为家庭供暖）之间是并列关系，不是转折关系，故应将However改为“Besides/Moreover”。‎ 第九处：考查代词。在一个新建的庄园里，给人们提供了平板电脑，这些平板电脑可以显示人们实时的能源使用情况。该处指人们的能源使用情况，故应将its改为their。‎ 第十处：考查比较级。句意：这有助于他们更好地了解他们如何使用水，电，气。结合句意，应将good改为better。‎ ‎3. 【广东七校联合体2018届高三第二次联考试】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I will share one experience with you. With the College Entrance Examination draw near, I was filled with great anxiety. However, I couldn’t be absorbed in study, resulting from my failing in the examination. I got very discouraging. Just then, my teacher, Miss Zhang, approach me and said, “In life we all have moment when we can’t achieve what we want it. It is natural. Don’t allow those moments to weaken you, and turn them into motivation to inspire you.” Her words were a reminder which provided myself with constant encouragement to smile at life. Consequently, I gained what I deserved.‎ So it is an optimistic attitude which matters most of all. It gives you the confidence to deal with difficulties and to achieve what you want in your life.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】1.draw改成drawing考查非谓语动词。句意：随着高考临近，我心中充满了焦虑。本句是介词with的复合结构，其中with的宾语the college Entrance Examination与动词draw构成主动关系，所以使用现在分词短语在句中做宾语补足语。故将draw改为drawing。‎ ‎2.However改为Therefore考查副词。正因为我很焦虑，所以我才无法集中注意力于学习，导致我在考试中失败。上下文之间是因果关系，所以使用副词therefore表示因果关系。故将However改为Therefore。 ‎ ‎3.from改为in考查动词短语。短语result in导致；result from因为，由于。正是因为我很焦虑，所以我才无法集中注意力于学习，导致我在考试中失败。根据句意可知应该使用短语result in“导致”，故将from改为in。 ‎ ‎4.discouraging改为discouraged考查形容词。形容词discouraged感到泄气，该词通常修饰人；形容词discouraging令人失望的，该词经常修饰事物。本句中使用discouraged修饰主语I，故将discouraging改为discouraged。 ‎ ‎5.approach改为approached考查时态。由时间状语just then可知用一般过去时态，故将approach改为approached。 ‎ ‎6.moment改为moments考查名词单复数。句意：在生命里，我们都会有无法得到我们想要的东西的时刻。都会有的时刻，要用复数形式，故将moment改为moments。 ‎ ‎7.it去掉考查代词。句意：在生命里，我们都会有无法得到我们想要的东西的时刻。What引导宾语从句作want的宾语，it多余应该去掉，故将it去掉。 ‎ ‎8.and改为but考查连词。句意：不要让这些消极时刻消弱我们，而是要把它们当成激励自己是动机。上下文之间为转折关系，所以使用but表示转折，故将and改为but。‎ ‎9.myself改为me考查连词。句意：不要让这些消极时刻消弱我们，而是要把它们当成激励自己是动机。不要本句中宾语me作动词inspire的宾语。‎ ‎10.which改为that考查固定句型。句意：所以最重要的是乐观的态度，它让你有信心去面对困难，实现你生活中想要的。It is + 被强调部分+that+句子其他部分，是强调句型结构，故将which改为that。‎ ‎4. 【河北省保定市2018届高三第二次模拟】短文改错 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处，错误涉及一个单词的增加，删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词同下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词。只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ The summer job is very much popular among some university students. Long before the end of a school year, students start their summer vacation job search. They send letters to businesses, going to job interviews, and ask our friends and relations for help. By June the students usually had found jobs and then they begin preparing enter the world of work.‎ Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student. Some students work to pay their school expenses, some work to gain experience or just to fun. Salesmen or waiters are two of the most common job that students try to find.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文讲述暑期工在大学生中非常流行，他们以各种方式找暑期工作。找暑期工作的原因很多。有的是为了钱，有的为了获得经验，还有的是为了好玩。其中最常见的工作是推销员和服务员。‎ ‎1.去掉much 考查副词。much为副词，一般修饰形容词和副词的比较级，而popular为原级，不能被much修饰，故去掉。句意：暑期工在一些大学生中很受流行。‎ ‎4.our改为their ‎ 考查人称代词。分析上一句可知，学生向他们的（their）朋友和亲戚寻求帮助，而不是我们的(our)朋友，故把our改为their。‎ ‎5.had改为have ‎ 考查谓语动词的时态。根据文章可知，本句叙述的是客观事实，故把had found改为have found.‎ ‎6.d enter前添加to ‎ 考查固定用法。prepare to do sth ‎，为固定搭配，意为准备做某事。本句之意为：到六月份，那时他们开始为暑期打工作准备。‎ ‎7differs改为differ ‎ 考查主谓一致。分析句子Reasons for wanting a summer job differs from student to student可知，本句的主语为reasons为复数，故谓语动词不能用单数，所以要用复数形式。故把differs改为differ ‎8.to改为for 考查固定搭配。for fun，为固定搭配，意为“为了好玩，开玩笑地”。有些学生工作是为了获得经验或只是为了好玩。故把.to改为for ‎ 9.or改为and 考查连词。学生们想找到的最常见的工作是推销员和服务员这两种工作。分析句子Salesmen or waiters are two…可知，Salesmen 和 waiters是两种最常见的工作，二者是并列关系的，在此为“和”，故把or改为and.‎ ‎10.job改为jobs 考查名词的数。分析句子可知，这是两种最常见的工作，是复数，故job要用复数，故把job改为jobs ‎5. 【山东省聊城市2018届高三二模】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号(/)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线() 划掉。‎ 修改： 在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：‎ ‎1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起) 不计分。‎ Thank you so much for inviting me to take part in the winter camp organizing by your school in the coming winter holiday. Quite interested, I am writing to learn about farther details.‎ Above all, I wonder that it is convenient for you to inform me for the specific schedule in advance. Beside, this will be my first experience to participate in such a activity. Would you be kind enough to offer with any suggestions on whose items I specially need to take with me?‎ I am really excited and looking forward to it. I would appreciate if you could give me a reply at your earliest convenient.‎ ‎【答案】第一句 organizing 改成 organized 第二句 farther改成 further 第三句 that 改成 whether/if；for改成of 第四句 Beside 改成 Besides 第五句 a 改成 an 第六句 删掉 with；whose改成what 第九句 if 前面加上 it ；convenient改成convenience ‎【解析】本文是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲了作者很高兴被邀请去参加冬令营，作者想要更多地了解冬令营的信息。‎ 第一处：考查非谓语动词。organize与其逻辑主语the winter camp之间是被动关系，故用过去分词作定语，所以第一句 organizing 改成 organized。‎ 第二处：考查further和father的区别。further可用于抽象的引申义，如时间，程度和数量等，表示“进一步，更进一层”，此时，不能与farther换用，所以farther改成 further。‎ 第三处：考查宾语从句。我想知道你是否方便提前告知我具体的日程安排。whether/if it is convenient for you to inform me for the specific schedule in advance.作wonder的宾语，所以whether/if it is convenient for you to inform me for the specific schedule in advance.是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分，表示“是否”的含义，所以that 改成 whether/if。‎ 第四处：考查固定句型。it is convenient of sb. 某人很方便，是固定句型，所以for改成of。‎ 第五处：考查副词。此外，这是我第一次参加这样的活动。Beside意思是在……旁边，这里表示“此外”，所以第四句 Beside 改成 Besides。‎ 第六处：考查冠词。泛指“一次这样的活动”，且activity首字母发音是元音，所以用不定冠词an，第五句 a 改成 an。‎ 第七处：考查动词。offer当“提供”讲时，是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，所以第六句 删掉 with。‎ 第八处：考查宾语从句。what items I specially need to take with me作介词on的宾语，所以what items I specially need to take with me是一个宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，所以用what，whose改成what。‎ 第九处：考查固定句型。I would appreciate it if如果能……的话，我将不胜感激，是固定句型，所以第九句 if 前面加上 it。‎ 第十处：考查固定短语。at one’s convenience在某人方便的时候，是固定短语，所以convenient改成convenience。‎ ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】 Reading is a good way _____ a child’s imagination at an early age.‎ A. to develop B. developing C. develop D. developed ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查动词不定式，句意:阅读是培养孩子早期想象力的好方法。a way to do sth.一种做某事的方法。本题中的不定式作定语修饰way，故选A。‎ ‎2. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】______ a book in front of your face, you’ll feel the air moving against your face.‎ A. Waved B. Wave C. To wave D. Waving ‎【答案】D ‎3. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】In Australia, many road signs are both in English and Chinese, ____ it easier for Chinese tourists to travel.‎ A. making B. made C. make D. makes ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查状语从句。在澳大利亚，许多路标都是用英文和中文同时标识，使中国游客去旅游更加容易。根据与前面一句用逗号隔开，没有连词，故判断此空用非谓语动词，根据与主语是主动关系，故用动词-ing形式，用来修饰和补充上一句话，故选A。‎ ‎4. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】      his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother's Day.‎ A. Expressing B. Expressed C. To express D. Having expressed ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。‎ ‎5. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】 If you have any question, please      free to contact me at sue_smith126.com.‎ A. to feel B. feeling C. feel D. felt ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查一般现在时和主谓一致。句意：如果你有任何问题，可以随意联系我通过sue_smith126.com.。根据前面的条件状语从句中用一般现在时，故本句也用一般现在时，逻辑主语是you，故这里用动词原形，故选C。‎ ‎6. 【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】Laughter produces short-term changes in the function of the heart and blood circulation, _________heart rate and oxygen consumption.‎ A. increasing B. to increase C. having increased D. being increased ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：笑可以使心脏运转和血液循环产生短期改变，增加心率和耗氧量。根据与逻辑主语Laughter是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，起补充说明的作用。故选A。‎ ‎7. 【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】 Most of the money for the reconstruction of the quake-stricken town has been allocated by the government, the rest ______ from the coming charity concerts.‎ A. to be collected B. having been collected C. being collected D. to have been collected ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：多数用于震后重建城镇的钱已经被政府下拨，剩余部分将由即将举行的慈善音乐会筹集。在句中作状语，表示还未发生的事用不定式。the rest（money）和动词collect是被动关系，此处要用不定式的被动，即to be done形式，故选A.‎ ‎8. 【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】 When it comes to    in public, no one can match him.‎ A. speak B. speaking C. being spoken D. be spoken ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】试题分析：When it comes to sth 是一固定句型，表示“当谈到...”，to 是属于介词。而此句子不含被动意思。being spoken 被说。因此B选项正确。句意为“ 当谈到在公众场合演讲，没人能与他相比。”‎ 考点：考查固定句型 ‎【名师点睛】考查固定搭配。When it comes to 的用法(1) 后面接名词或接动词的ING形式（动名词）  (2) when前面可以用逗号，整个跟着某个句子句子后面（用法有点像插入语）。也可以作为分句直接位于句首，‎ 整个部分后接逗号。1. Although she plays football well, when it comes to English, she is not so good. 她的足球玩得很好，就英语而言，她没学的那么好。2.When it comes to eating, Joey is full of joy.一谈到食物，乔伊就很高兴。 3. When it comes to fishing, John is an expert. 谈及钓鱼，约翰是个专家 ‎9. 【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】     which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.‎ A. Not knowing B. Knowing not C. Not known D. Known not ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】试题分析：句意：不知道上哪个大学，女孩向妈妈征求意见。The girl和know是主动关系，用现在分词作状语，根据句意看是否定含义，否定词Not放在 knowing前面，选A。‎ 考点：考查现在分词的否定做状语 ‎10. 【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考（二）】--What do you think of your journey to Yunnan?‎ ‎--Everything is very fantastic, especially its fresh air. It is pleasant     .‎ A. breathed B. being breathed C. to be breathed D. to breathe ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考察动词不定式。这里我们可以把它当做固定句式来记忆。It is pleasant to do sth做某事很愉快。这里breath不能用被动，故选D。‎ ‎11. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】       public bicycles with a mobile app is more convenient for users.‎ A. To unlock B. Unlock C. Unlocked D. Unlocking ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查动名词。分析句子结构可知，本句是主系表结构，前面的________ public bicycles with a mobile app是句子主语，只有动名词和不定式可以充当主语，动名词作主语往往表示普通的、一般的行为，不定式作主语常表示某次具体的行为。故本题选D。句意：使用移动应用程序解锁公共自行车对用户来说更方便。‎ ‎12. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】       carefully for long time, the opening ceremony won a great success.‎ A. Having prepared B. To be prepared C. Being prepared D. Having been prepared ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】考查非谓语性动词作状语。prepare的逻辑主语是the opening ceremony，且和逻辑主语是被动关系，再加上prepare动作明显发生在谓语之前，所以用现在分词完成时的被动形式作状语。句意：通过长时间精心的准备，这个开业典礼取得了巨大的成功。故选D。‎ ‎13. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】For a third-culture kid, it is often easier      to a new foreign country than to their "home" country.‎ A. moving B. to move C. move D. moved ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：对于一个三种文化融为一身的孩子来说，进入一个新的国家比进入所谓的家乡的国家更容易适应。It is easier to do sth.“做某事容易”，是固定用法，故选B。‎ ‎14. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】       more about the place where you live, and you will shoulder more responsibility to protect it A. Learning B. To learn C. Learn D. Learned ‎【答案】C ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎1. 【东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2017届高三下学期第四次联合模拟】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ You know that everything changes, but you’re seldom prepared when it comes to your children. 　　　41　　　years fly by, suddenly they’re teenagers. They’re all grown up with plans 　　　42　　　their own.‎ At parents, we want to hold tightly to those precious and unforgettable 　　　43　　　(moment) when she 　　　44　　　(lose)her tooth and you were the Tooth Fairy, or when you bought his baseball glove and taught him with great patience 　　　45　　　(hold) a bat. Your girl looks more like a young woman now; your son is becoming a man. If you’re fighting those changes, you may get tired. But if you welcome the changes　　　46　　　 (merry), you’ll be young at heart.‎ Parents have to change, too---you can’t avoid it. It’s　　　　47　　　　(nature) for you to miss the years when they were cute and when you were 　　　48　　　center of their world. As a courageous parent aware of the process of life　　　49　　　you’re involved in, you accept the changes and move forward in tears. Sometimes you’ll thankful that　　　50　　　(be) a teenager is not a permanent condition.‎ ‎【答案】41.As42.of43.moments44.lost45.to hold46.merrily47.natural48.the49.which/that50.being ‎【解析】本文是一篇说明文。它说明了随着时间的飞逝，孩子们在不断的成长变化，它建议父母们要适应孩子的变化，因为这是不可避免的，只有接受它，才能保持一个年轻的心态。‎ ‎41."__1___years fly by"通过分析我们可知，这里的句意是:随着时间的飞逝。as,在此处是一个连词，意思是：随着。在这里，区分with和as，两个虽然都是随着的意思，但as+句子；with属于介词，with+ sth+ doing.故填as。‎ ‎42..“They’re all grown up with plans___2___their own.”句意理解：他们在他们的计划下成长。通过分析句子结构可知，这里需要一个介词，表达他们的计划这一意思。故填of。‎ ‎43.“precious and unforgettable ___3___(moment)”分析句子结构，这里缺少一个名词，即前面的形容词修饰名词。同时通过句意理解可知，这些珍贵的，难忘的片段，应该是很多的，所以应该用复数。故填moments。‎ ‎44.“she ___4___(lose)her tooth and you were the Tooth Fairy”根据and可知，前后的时态应该一致。后边用了过去式were所以lose也应该用过去式。故填lost。‎ ‎45.“taught him with great patience ___5___(hold) a bat.”to表目的，用来……。句意：耐心的教他们来握住球棒。故填to hold。‎ ‎46.“But if you welcome the changes___6___ (merry), you’ll be young at heart.”通过分析整个句子结构，前半部分是一个完整的句子，所以需要一个副词来修饰。句意：如果你能愉快地接受这些变化，你将保持一个年轻的心态。故填merrily。‎ ‎47.“It’s____7____(nature) for you to miss the years”固定句型：It is +形容词+for sb/sth +to do sth。所以此处需要填nature的形容词形式。故填natural。‎ ‎48.“you were ___8___center of their world.”分析句子结构，主语，谓语动词，宾语都具备。center是一个名词，所以应该在前边加一个定冠词。同时the center of sth也是固定搭配。故填the。‎ ‎49.“As a courageous parent aware of the process of life___9___you’re involved in,”句意:作为一个有胆识的父母，他们知道他们被包括进去的生命历程……。通过分析句子结构可知，这里是一个定语从句，先行词为"the process of life"故填which或that。‎ ‎50.__10___(be)a teenager is not a permanent condition.通过分析句子成分可知，缺少主语。括号中给了一个动词原形be.要想使be a teenager做主语，be应该用动名词形式。故填being。‎ ‎2. 【湖南省湘潭市一中、长沙一中、师大附中、岳阳市一中、株洲市二中、常德市一中2017届高三下学期六校联考】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ 题号：1683071908724736‎ When my daughter was five, she 　　　　41　　　　(give) a piano as a birthday present. With great 　　　42　　　（excite）, she began learning it. 　　　　43　　　　when she was no longer curious, she become sick of it.‎ When her first teacher left, my friend introduced me 　　　44　　　an American teacher whose way of teaching was completely American. After practicing, she would give my daughter some good comments, and then point out 　　　　45　　　　should be improved. Every time she came, instead of beginning the lesson right away, she would first play some music. She said, "To learn　　　　46　　　　 piano, you should learn not only the skills of playing, but more　　　47　　　 (important) to feel the music and love it."‎ After some time, my daughter became fond of her lessons. Surprisingly, my daughter said to me one day, "Mom, I was lucky that you didn't give up my piano lessons. 　　　　48　　　　(learn) it is like climbing a mountain. You'll feel 　　　49　　　(tire) when you are on the way. When you look down from where you are, you will realize that you　　　　50　　　　(make) progress. But if you stop, you’ll never take one more step.” That was the very thing I wanted to teach her.‎ ‎【答案】41.was given42.excitement43.However44.to45.what46.the47.importantly48.Learning49.tired50.have been making ‎【解析】本文为记叙文。文章记叙了自己的女儿学习弹钢琴的过程及在学习弹钢琴中所收获的人生感悟。‎ ‎41.考查动词语态。句意：当我女儿五岁的时候，她被给了一架钢琴作为生日礼物。根据句意可知，此处应使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was given。‎ ‎42.考查词性转化。空前with可知，此处应使用名词。故填excitement。‎ ‎43.考查副词。句意：然而当她不再好奇的时候，她开始讨厌它。根据句意可知，此处应使用转折副词however。故填However。‎ ‎44.考查介词搭配。introduce sb. to. sb.“把某人介绍给某人”。故填to。‎ ‎45.考查名词性从句。此处为point out的宾语从句，连词在从句中作主语，指代“应该改进的东西”，应使用代词what。故填what。‎ ‎46.考查冠词。此处特指钢琴，应使用定冠词。故填the。‎ ‎47.考查词性转化。此处修饰不定式to feel the music and love it，应使用副词形式。故填importantly。‎ ‎48.考查非谓语动词。此处作句子的主语，泛指“学习弹钢琴”，应使用动名词形式。故填learning。‎ ‎49.考查词性转化。此处指“你会感到疲惫”，-ed形式的形容词意为“感到……”。故填tired。‎ ‎50.考查动词时态。句意：你将意识到你一直在进步。根据句意可知，此处应使用现在完成进行时，表示从某一时间开始、一直持续到现在，或者可能仍然要继续下去。故填have been making。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 名词性从句是语法填空和短文改错中经常考查的知识点，其中名词性从句中的连接词what与that的区分也是经常能遇到的。两者的区别在于what在名词性从句中充当主语、宾语或表语，指代一定的内容；而that则只起到连接作用，其所引导的名词性从句不缺主语、宾语或表语，在句意中没有词义体现。如本题第5小题，then point out ____5____should be improved.分析句子结构可知，设空处引导的从句作point out的宾语，分析从句句子成分可知，从句缺少主语，因此应使用连接代词what，指代需要被改进的事情。做此类题目时，一定要确定从句的性质，然后再分析从句句子成分，这样才能确定正确答案。‎ ‎3. 【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2017届高三第三次模拟】‎ Little Tommy was doing very badly in math. His parents 　　　　41　　　　(try) everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school.‎ After the first day, little Tommy came home with a very serious look on 　　　　42　　　　 face. He didn’t kiss his mother hello. 　　　　43　　　　, he went straight to his room and started studying. Books and papers were spread out all over the room and little Tommy was hard at work. His mother was surprised. She called him down to dinner and as soon as he finished 　　　　44　　　　 (eat), he went back to his room, without a word. 　　　　45　　　　 no time he was back hitting the books as hard as before. This went on for some time day after day while the mother tried to understand 　　　　46　　　　 was happening.‎ Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card, 　　　　47　　　　 he quietly put on the table and went up to his room and hit the books. His mom looked at it. To her surprise, little Tommy got 　　　　48　　　　 A in math. She could no longer hold her 　　　　49　　　　 (curious). She went to his room and asked, “Son, what was it? Was it the nuns?”‎ Little Tommy looked at her and said, “Well, on the first day of school, when I saw that man 　　　　50　　　　(nail) the plus sign, I knew they weren’t joking.”‎ ‎【答案】41.had tried42.his43.Instead44.eating  45.In46.what47.which  48.an49.curiosity50.nailed ‎【解析】本篇是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个小男孩因为数学成绩十分差被父母送去天主教学校学习，去了天主教学校之后，他突然开始认真学习并取得了优异的成绩。他的妈妈对此感到十分惊讶，最后小男孩说出来原因，原来他是被钉在十字架上的耶稣吓到了，害怕自己不听话也会变成那样。‎ ‎41.“ His parents ____1____(try) everything they could think of”和“His parents ____1____(try) everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school.” 根据句意分析该句，try everything这个动作发生在“Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school”这件事之前，而后者的语态已经是过去式，所以前者的语态应是过去的过去，即过去完成时。故填had tried。‎ ‎44.    动词finish后只能跟名词、代词或动词ing形式，意为完成做某事。故填eating。‎ ‎45.   in no time意为马上、立即； 根据“he was back hitting the books as hard as before”马上他又像以前那样努力地读书了。故填In。‎ ‎46.   “the mother tried to understand ____6____ was happening.”分析该句，句子缺少主语成分，此处需要what来做宾语从句的主语，故填what。‎ ‎47.   “____7____ he quietly put on the table and went up to his room and hit the books”分析该句，句子缺少主语成分，结合前句“Finally, little Tommy brought home his report card”因此应使用连接词代替前文，中间有逗号，因此使用非限制性定语从句。故填which。‎ ‎48.“little Tommy got ____8____ A in mat”中A为名词，因此，横线处应使用冠词修饰名词。故填an。‎ ‎49.“She could no longer hold her ____9____ (curious)”分析该句，横线前为物主代词，故横线部分应为名词，故填 curiosity。‎ ‎50.“when I saw that man ____10____ (nail) the plus sign, I knew they weren’t joking”分析该句，句子主语为the man 与nail钉住  之间是被动关系，故填nailed。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 动词常见的变化形式：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语。应仔细分析句子结构，再进行判断。‎ 本题的第一小题“ His parents ____1____(try) everything they could think of”和“His parents____1____(try) everything they could think of. Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school.” 根据句意分析该句，try everything这个动作发生在“Finally they took Tommy to a catholic school”这件事之前，而后者的语态已经是过去式，所以前者的语态应是过去的过去，即过去完成时。故填had tried。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎1.【东北师大附中、哈尔滨师大附中、辽宁省实验中学2017届高三下学期第四次联合模拟】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线(＼)划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。‎ I was shopping with my wife and we have plenty of things to buy. We drove to the centre of the city but stopped our car in front of a shop. An hour later, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we could open the doors. So we asked the policeman for help. He was glad to help us. a few minutes later, he got the door open. Just then a man came up and shouted angry, “What are you doing with my car?” We were surprising and went to see the number of the car. It was not his. We were very embarrassed on that time. What do you think that we did then? We had to speak sorry to the man.‎ ‎【答案】1.have—had   ‎ ‎2. but—and   ‎ ‎3. could not    ‎ ‎4. policeman前的the 改成a ‎5.angry—angrily    ‎ ‎6. surprising---surprised    ‎ ‎7. his---ours   ‎ ‎8. on—at ‎9. think后的that 去掉   ‎ ‎10. speak 改成say ‎【解析】【整体解析】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一对夫妻开车去市中心购物，他们把车停在超市前，等购物完回去开车时，却打不开车门。随后找警察帮忙，确开错车的一件生活囧事。‎ ‎1第1处： “I was shopping with my wife and we have plenty of things to buy. ”根据was可知此句时态为过去时，由and可知前后两句为并列句，因此，后句时态也应为过去时。故将have改为had。‎ 第2 处：“ We drove to the centre of the city but stopped our car in front of ashop.”我们开车到市中心并把我们的车停在超市前面。连接词and 表示并列，所以前句与后句表示意思上的并列关系。故将but改为and。‎ 第三处： “An hour later, we came back to the car. But it was strange that we could open the doors.”一小时后，我们回去开车，但是奇怪的是我们打不开车门。根据意思，可知前后句是转折的意思，所以用否定could not。还有，根据后边他们寻找警察帮忙，也可知道他们打不开车门。‎ 第四处："So we asked the policeman for help. "此处的policeman 警察，是第一次在文中出现，并不是特指。故将the改成a。‎ 第五处："Just then a man came up and shouted angry, "。副词修饰动词，shouted是谓语动词，angry是形容词。所以将angry改为angrily。‎ 第六处：“We were surprising and went tosee the number of thecar.”‎ surprising表示某事某物使人感到惊讶，surprised表示人的感受，人感到惊讶。故将surprising改为surprised。‎ 第七处："It was not his. "分析上下文意思，我们打不开车门和最后我们像那个男人道歉，可知这辆车不是我们的车。故将his改为ous。‎ 第八处： “We were very embarrassed on that time.”我们在那时十分尴尬。此处考查了time的短语应用，“在那时”应为at that time。故将on改为at。‎ ‎.第九处：“  What do you think that we did then? ”，分析句子，do you think是插入语，不做句子成分。What we did then接下来我们做什么，主谓宾都有，that多余，所以去掉that。‎ ‎10第十处：“We had to speak sorry to the man.”我们必须给那个人道歉。speak后面跟宾语做及物动词时,宾语一般是某种语言.如:speak English.speak本身是强调说话的方式.speak常用speak to sb。 而say后加的宾语是说话的内容,say强调说话的内容.‎ ‎【名师点睛】短文改错主要考查考生对文章的理解以及句子结构的分析，考生可以先通读短文，整体把握短文大意再细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。然后逐行修改最后复读全文，验证答案。主要考查动词时态语态、代词的使用、冠词和连词的使用。   动词常见的改错形式：时态和语态，常出现在总体时态为过去或现在时，中间杂有不适的另一时态的现象；或是及物动词后无宾语，或是不及物动词后加了宾语。应仔细分析句子结构，再进行判断。‎ 例如，第2题“ We drove to the centre of the city but stopped our car in front of a ‎ shop.”我们开车到市中心并把我们的车停在超市前面。根据was判断此句整体时态为过去时，由and可知前后两句为并列句，因此，后句时态也应与整句时态相符，应为过去时。故将have改为had。‎ ‎2. 【湖南省湘潭市一中、长沙一中、师大附中、岳阳市一中、株洲市二中、常德市一中2017届高三下学期六校联考】假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1.每处错误及其修改均限一词;‎ ‎2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ I’m happy to have older brother. He’s caring, smart or responsible. I’m proud in him, yet I am always annoying him and hurt his feelings.‎ But one thing made me to see how specially our relationship is, I had a cousin which died seven years ago. On the day of his funeral, his sister says she wished she had had a better relationship with him. But nobody can turn back the hand of time. I don’t want this to happen to my brother and I. I will try to be a better sister.‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【解析】本文为记叙文。作者记叙了在表哥葬礼上的一些感悟，作者决定一定要和自己的哥哥处好关系。‎ 第一处：older前加an；考查不定冠词。此处泛指“一个哥哥”，应使用不定冠词an。故older前加an。‎ 第二处：or改为and；考查并列连词。句意：他体贴、聪明和负责任。根据句意可知，此处应是并列关系，并不存在选择。故or改为and。‎ 第三处：in改为of；考查介词搭配。be proud of sb.“为某人感到骄傲”为固定搭配词组。故in改为of。‎ 第四处：hurt改为hurting；考查动词时态。此处与annoying为并列关系，同为现在进行时，动词形式应保持一致。句意：但是我总是一直烦他、伤他的感情。故hurt改为hurting。‎ 第五处：去掉see前的to；考查动词搭配。make sb. do sth.“让某人做某事”，为固定词组搭配。故去掉see前的to。‎ 第六处：specially改为special；考查形容词。此处修饰our relationship，应使用形容词形式。故specially改为special。‎ 第九处：hand改为hands；考查习惯表达。句意：但是没有人能让时间倒流。the hands of time时间之手，是习惯表达。故hand改为hands。‎ 第十处：I改为me；考查代词。此处与my brother作happen to的并列宾语，应使用宾格。故I改为me。‎ ‎3. 【广东省华南师范大学附属中学2017届高三第三次模拟】假如英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌的以下作文。文中共有10处错误，涉及单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号∧，并在此符号下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线＼划掉。‎ 修改：在错词下面划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1、每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；‎ ‎2、只允许修改10处，多者从第11处不计分。‎ Dear Rex,‎ I’m sorry to hear that you had a quarrel with your parent because they had read your diary with your permission. Don’t get annoying about it. I think they do so because they concerned about you. Please understand that they love you.‎ First of all, you can have a open talk with them and tell them it is not good to keep an eye on you in this way, but that you have the right to keep your own secrets. Besides, you should ‎ learn to communicate effective with them. Let them know your ideas, that can avoid unnecessary misunderstanding between you and in your parents.‎ I wish you all the best!‎ ‎【答案】1. parent --- parents    ‎ ‎2.with --- without ‎3. annoying --- annoyed        ‎ ‎4. do --- did    ‎ ‎5. they / are concerned    ‎ ‎6. a --- an ‎7. but --- and.‎ ‎8. effective --- effectively ‎9. which --- that ‎10. in ‎【解析】本篇是一篇书信形式的文章，作者在回信中就对方与父母之间因父母偷看他的日记而产生的矛盾提出了几点建议。作者认为与父母有良好的沟通是十分重要的。‎ ‎1.“I’m sorry to hear that you had a quarrel with your parent because they had read your diary with your permission.”中的“they ”指代“your parent”，因此parent应是复数，故将parent 改为parents。    ‎ ‎2.“I’m sorry to hear that you had a quarrel with your parent because they had read your diary with your permission.”根据句意应是你和你的父母吵架因为他们在没有你的允许下看你的日记。故将with改为without。‎ ‎3.“ Don’t get annoying about it” annoyed表示人本身感到恼怒，annoying表示事情本身令人恼怒。且“get done”固定用法，故将annoying改为annoyed。‎ ‎4.“I think they do so because they concerned about you”中“ they do so”指代上文“they had read your diary with your permission”  故应用一般过去式，故将do改为did。‎ ‎5.“I think they do so because they concerned about you”中“ they concerned about you”缺少谓语，又因主语是复数，故在they 和concerned之间加上are 。‎ ‎6.“ you can have a open talk with them”中open是元音开头的单词，故定冠词应用an，故将a 改为an。‎ ‎7.“ you can have an open talk with them and tell them it is not good to keep an eye on you in this way”你可以和他们有一个开放的谈话并且告诉他们用这种方式照看你是不好的 “but that you have the right to keep your own secrets.”然后你可以有拥有你自己的秘密的权利， 前句与后句表示意思上的承接关系而不是转折关系。故将but改为and。‎ ‎8.“Besides, you should learn to communicate effective with them”句子结构完整，不缺少成分，communicate为动词，应用副词修饰动词，故将effective 改为effectively。‎ ‎9.在非限定性从句中，逗号后不能用that。“Let them know your ideas, that can avoid unnecessary misunderstanding between you and in your parents.”中将which改为that。‎ ‎10.between...and...固定搭配 “that can avoid unnecessary misunderstanding between you and in your parents”中“in”多余，故将in删去。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 短文改错主要考查考生对文章的理解以及句子结构的分析，考生可以先通读短文，整体把握短文大意再细读全文，逐句分析，把握结构，逐一作答。然后逐行修改最后复读全文，验证答案。主要考查名词单复数、动词时态语态、代词的使用、冠词的使用。‎ that可指人和物,which则一般指物.,在限定性定语从句中两者的区别不大,但在非限定性定语从句中有以下区别： 一、以下情况不能用that,只能用which：1、在非限定性定语从句中,逗号之后不能用that；2、介词后面不能用that. 二、以下情况不能用which,只能用that： 1、前面的先行词是不定代词时,如 all ,anything ,nothing,the one 等； 2、如果先行词出现了the only ,the very 时； 3、如果先行词出现了序数词和形容词最高级时； 4、如果先行词中既有人又有物时,如：They are talking about the school and the teachers that they visited yesterday.‎ 本题的第9题：在非限定性从句中，逗号后不能用that。‎ ‎“Let them know your ideas, that can avoid unnecessary misunderstanding between you and in your parents.”中which改为that。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1. The draft regulation on the online protection of minors, ________ for public opinions by the cyberspace authorities, has drawn wide public concern.‎ A. releasing B. having released C. to release D. released ‎【答案】D ‎2. Newly ________ chairman of the Chinese Basketball Association, Yao Ming has put reforming the domestic game’s management at the top of his agenda.‎ A. appointing B. appointed C. being appointed D. having appointed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国篮球协会新任命的主席姚明已经把改革国内比赛的管理放在了他议事日程的首位。句中chairman和动词appoint是被动关系，表示主席被任命，在此用过去分词作定语，故选B。‎ ‎3. After a long absence, I went back to college, _______ to pick up where I’d left off.‎ A. hoping B. hope C. to hope D. hoped ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词，根据句子结构可知，该出为状语，他的逻辑主语是I，主动关系，因此选择hoping，‎ 句意为，一长段缺席之后，我回到了大学，希望从我离开的地方学起。‎ ‎4. ________ from J.K. Rowling’s book series of the same title, the “Harry Potter” movies are universally acknowledged as classics.‎ A. Adapting B. Having adapted C. Adapted D. To be adapted ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】试题分析:句意：根据乔安妮·凯瑟琳·罗琳的同名小说改编，哈利波特电影被人们普遍认为是经典影片。从结构可知此处是非谓语短语做状语，和句子主语之间是被动关系，过去分词表示被动完成，而to be done 表示将来，故答案选C。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词。‎ ‎5. __________ poverty and turmoil for over a century, China knows full well the importance of development and stability.‎ A. Going through B. Having gone through C. Gone through D. Went through ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：中国经历了长达一个多世纪的积贫积弱、风雨飘摇的年代，我们比谁都懂得发展的重要、稳定的可贵。根据句意可以判断，这里的空所表达的动作在先，所以用动词-ing 的现在完成时，go through的动作是主语发出的，所以用主动形式，故选B。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎6. The ongoing Paris climate talks should reject the narrow-minded mentality of zero-sum game(零和博弈), Chinese President Xi Jinping said here Monday, ________ all countries, developed countries in particular, to assume more shared responsibilities for win-win outcomes.‎ A．urging B．urged C．urge D. to urge ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：习近平周一在这里强调说，敦促所有国家，尤其是发达国家，为双赢的结果承担更多的责任。此处和主语之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作状语，故选A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词的用法 ‎7. People on the scene suggested that the criminal ______ to prison. ‎ ‎ A. referred to be sent        B. refer to be sent ‎ ‎ C. referred to    D. was referred to sent ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气。句意：在场的人们建议把那名罪犯关进监狱。the criminal和refer to是动宾关系，即罪犯被(人们)提到，referred to作后置定语，相当于who was referred to；suggest作“建议”讲时，后跟宾语从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should可省略，故选A。‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词和虚拟语气 ‎8. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB), its headquarter______in Beijing, is an inter-governmental agency ‎ ‎__________for multi-development of Infrastructure in Asia.    ‎ ‎ A. located; intending     B. locating; intending C. located; intended       D. locating; intended ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：总部设在北京的亚洲基础设施投资银行是一个政府间的机构，它旨在促进亚洲基础设施的多边发展。be located in...坐落于......，位于......；its headquarter是located的逻辑主语；be intended for...旨在，目的是......，故选C。‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词 ‎9. It is a true story of how the Boston Globe uncovered the massive scandal(丑闻)of child molestation(猥亵儿童) and cover-up within the local Catholic Archdiocese, ________the entire Catholic Church to its core.‎ ‎ A. to shake B. shaking C. shaken D. having shaken ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这是一个有关《波士顿环球报》是如何揭露重大猥亵男童的丑闻以及天主教总教区内部对此事的包庇的真实故事的，(这一举动)动摇了整个天主教的核心。shake与主语It之间是主谓关系，因此用现在分词shaking作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词 ‎10. The Silk Road Economic Belt _______ aims to enhance economic cooperation, traffic connectivity, as well as people-to-people and cultural exchanges. ‎ A. building B. being built C. having built D. built ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：正在建设的丝绸之路经济带旨在加强经济合作、互联互通和人文交流。主语The Silk Road Economic Belt与后面的动词build构成逻辑上的被动关系，且这一动作目前正在进行，故用being done作后置定语。因此选B项。‎ 考点：非谓语动词 ‎11. ______ with day-to-day details, people born in a monkey year love confronting a challenging problem that can evoke their extraordinary talent.      ‎ ‎ A. Boring B. Bored C. Being bored D. Having bored ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查形容词作状语用法 句意：属猴的人对世俗的日常琐事感到厌烦，他们喜欢面对一个具有挑战性的问题，因为这样能够唤起他们的非凡天分。该题考查非谓语动词中“be bored with”系表结构的使用，因后面的主语为people一词，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查形容词作状语 ‎12. A new road has been built in recent years, ______ it much easier for cars to reach the hotel on the mountain top. ‎ A. having made B. making C. to make D. to have made ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：近年来新修了一条公路，小汽车可以更容易开到山顶的酒店。这里用现在分词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果。该非谓语动作发生在主句谓语动作之后，并非之前，排除A、D两项；不定式表示意想不到的结果，故C项错误。因此选B项。‎ 考点：非谓语动词 ‎13. With e-books, smartphones and computers widely ______, traditional printed books are facing new challenges. ‎ A. being used B. used C. using D. having used ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：随着电子书、智能手机和电脑的广泛使用，传统的纸质书籍正面临新的挑战。介词with后面的宾语e-books, smartphones and computers与动词use之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，且这些电子产品已经被广泛使用，故用used，表示被动和完成，作宾语补足语。因此选B项。‎ 考点：非谓语动词 ‎14. Environmentalists observe that there is less fresh water for drinking and irrigation, thus ______ agriculture downstream.‎ ‎ A. endangered B. endangering C. having endangered D. being endangered ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【考点】考查非谓语动词 ‎15. ________ to show Chinese people’s stance(立场) of combating aggression and safeguarding human dignity and world peace, Chinese government set up “National Memorial Day”.‎ ‎ A. Intended B. Intending C. To intend D. Having intended ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：为表明中国人民的抵御侵略，捍卫人类尊严和世界和平的立场，中国政府设立了“国家纪念日”。此句中考查了非谓语动词的用法，后面的逻辑主语为“Chinese government”与钱的动词之间为主动关系，同时考查了短语“be intended to do sth”的结构，故选A适合。‎ 考点: 考查非谓语动词 ‎16. No one knows the age of the old man _____ in the street all day, but _____ from his appearance, he is approximately in his sixties.‎ ‎ A. wandering ; judging B. wandered ; judging C. wandering ; judged D. wandered ; judged ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意：没有人确切的知道徘徊在街道上的这个老人的年龄，但是从他的外表判断，他大约有60几岁了。The old man和wander是主动关系，用现在分词做定语；judging from…是评述性状语，故答案为A。‎ 考点：考查非谓语动词 ‎17. Athletes compete alone and are allowed to be accompanied by a two-man team _______ with food and mental support. ‎ A. to be helped B. to have been helped C. to help D. to have helped ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：参赛者只身参赛，可携带两人的团队来提供食物和精神支持。此处help with food and mental support为主动动作，不定式做目的状语，故选C。‎ 考点：非谓语动词 ‎18. Once I recognized that I had no one's expectations ______ but my own, relaxed. I began to view college as a wonderful experiment. ‎ A. living up to B. having lived up to C. to live up to D. to have lived up to ‎【答案】C 考点：非谓语动词 ‎19. _____ for drunk driving, obviously, is now of great public concern.‎ ‎ A. Being punished B. Punishing C. Punished D. Having been punished ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：很明显，因为醉酒驾驶受到惩罚现在是大家都很关注的事。此处缺少主语且还含有被动的含义故用A项适合。‎ 考点: 考查非谓语动词 ‎20. _____ his position as mayor to give jobs to his friends，Williams is now under investigation．‎ A．Abused B．Having abused C．To abuse D．To have abused ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：Williams作为市长滥用职权，把工作给他的朋友们，现在正在被调查。“滥用职权”与其逻辑主语“Williams”之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作原因状语，且分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，故用现在分词的完成时。选B。‎ 考点：考查现在分词的用法 ‎ ‎