高考英语必修1：Nelson Mandela -a modern hero—单元学案

高考英语必修1：Nelson Mandela -a modern hero—单元学案

‎　Nelson Mandela -a modern hero—单元学案 ‎【单元导航】‎ Nelson Mandela ‎ Imagine growing up in a country where drinking out of the wrong water fountain might get you thrown into jail；where a man might have the very same job as his neighbor，but because of the color of his skin，get paid less in a year than the other man made in a week；where the government told you that your ancestors and their ways of living were wrong and savage and not even human.‎ ‎ Sounds like a futuristic (幻想未来的) film，doesn’t it? Well，for Nelson Mandela，this was not a movie.‎ ‎ Growing up in South africa under the apartheid system of government meant these things，and worse，which were part of his daily life.‎ ‎ But Nelson Mandela was a fighter.Instead of bowing down to this unjust system of government，he became a lifelong warrior in the battle to free South Africa.‎ ‎ Today，thanks to the selfsacrifice of Nelson Mandela，apartheid has been outlawed.Everyone in South Africa now has an equal opportunity at home and at work to live comfortable，productive lives.Nelson Mandela is one of the world’s true freedom fighters.‎ Section One　Warming Up and Reading Ⅰ.Leadin ‎1.What words will we use to describe a person?‎ ‎ kind，honest，brave，loyal，happy，wise，smart，friendly，warm，cheerful，popular，generous， ‎ ‎ hardworking，diligent，weak，stupid，lazy，dishonest，mean，tense，cold，unkind，‎ ‎ miserable，dull，strongminded，determined，etc.‎ ‎2.Can you name some great people?‎ ‎3.What are the qualities that great people have in common?‎ ‎ intelligent，never give up，help others，never lose heart when in great trouble，‎ ‎ insist on what they pursue，set up an aim，get on well with others，be active in ‎ ‎ society activities，be willing to do public service，do their best，etc.‎ Ⅱ.速读课文，回答下面的问题 ‎ What did Mandela do?‎ ‎ He set up a law office to help black people on their problems.‎ ‎ He helped Elias to get the necessary papers to stay in Johannesburg.‎ ‎ He founded the ANC Youth League.‎ ‎ He first chose to attack the law in a peaceful way.‎ ‎ He encouraged violence against the government. ‎ ‎ His dream was to make black and white people equal.‎ Ⅲ.精读课文，回答下列问题 ‎1.True or False?‎ ‎ (1)Elias met Nelson Mandela at school.(F)‎ ‎ (2)Nelson Mandela was a black lawyer.(T)‎ ‎ (3)Elias was unable to read or write because he was lazy.(F)‎ ‎ (4)Nelson Mandela helped him keep his job.(T)‎ ‎ (5)Elias was happy blowing up government buildings.(F)‎ ‎ (6)Nelson Mandela believed that black people were being treated as well as white people in ‎ ‎ South Africa.‎(F)‎ ‎ (7)Nelson Mandela thought violence was a good way to help black people.(F)‎ ‎ (8)The government were happy with Nelson Mandela and the ANC.(F)‎ ‎2.Work out the year and Elias’ age to fit the events in his life. ‎ Year Elias’ age Events ‎(1)1940‎ born Elias was born.‎ ‎1946‎ ‎(2)6‎ Elias (3)began school.‎ ‎1948‎ ‎(4)8‎ Elias (5)left school.‎ ‎...‎ ‎...‎ Elias got a job but was worried about (6)losing it.‎ ‎1952‎ ‎(7)12‎ ‎(8) Elias met Nelson Mandela.‎ ‎...‎ ‎...‎ He joined (9)the ANC Youth League.‎ ‎1963‎ ‎(10)23‎ He helped Mandela (11)blow up some government buildings and helped to fight for their (12)equality.‎ ‎3.根括每一部分的大意 ‎ Part Ⅰ(Paras.1～2)：The life of Elias before he met Nelson Mandela.‎ ‎ Part Ⅱ(Paras.3～5 )：The change of Elias’ life after he met Nelson Mandela and what ‎ ‎ Mandela did.‎ ‎4.回答下列问题 ‎ (1)Why did Elias support Nelson Mandela?‎ ‎ Because Nelson Mandela used to help him in Johannesburg.And Elias joined the ‎ ‎ ANC Youth League which was organized by Nelson Mandela.‎ ‎ (2)What problems did the black people like Elias have?‎ ‎ Black people had no vote and could not choose who ruled them.The parts of town ‎ ‎ where they lived were places decided by white people.They could not get jobs they ‎ ‎ wanted.The places where they lived were the poorest areas in South Africa.No one ‎ ‎ could grow food there.‎ ‎ (3)Why did Elias support violence when he did not agree with it?‎ ‎ Because he wanted to realize their dream of making black and white people equal.‎ Ⅳ.与同桌讨论、理解下列长难句并尝试翻译成汉语 ‎1.The time when I first met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.‎ ‎ 句子结构分析：when I first met Nelson Mandela修饰先行词the time。‎ ‎ 翻译：第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候是我一生中最困难的时候。‎ ‎2.After trying hard, I got a job in a gold mine.‎ ‎ 句子结构分析：after在本句中的词性是介词，后接名词或动名词。‎ ‎ 翻译：几经周折，我在一家金矿找到一份工作。‎ ‎3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until ‎ ‎ today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ ‎ 句子结构分析：本句的主语是the last thirty years；where we have almost no rights at all是 ‎ 先行词a stage的定语从句。‎ ‎ 翻译：过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺了我们的权利，阻碍了我们的进步，一直到今天 ‎ 我们还一直处于毫无权利可言的地步。‎ ‎4....we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight ‎ ‎ the government.‎ ‎ 句子结构分析：in which引导的定语从句，其先行词是a position；either...or...意为“要么……‎ ‎ 要么……”。‎ ‎ 翻译：我们被置于这样一个境地，要么接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府做斗争。‎ ‎5....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎ 句子结构分析：本句中only修饰状语then放在了句首，所以用倒装结构。‎ ‎ 翻译：只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力抵抗暴力。‎ Ⅴ.小组讨论 ‎1.Is it fair to treat others badly for things they cannot change，like the color of skin or eyes or the ‎ ‎ race one belongs to? Give your reasons.‎ ‎2.What do we call it when some people are badly treated because of their race and others not？‎ Section Two　Language Points ‎1. And what qualities does a great person have？一个伟人有什么样的品质？ ‎ ‎ I want some meat of the best quality.‎ ‎ 我要一些质量最好的肉。‎ ‎ They spoke of his fine qualities as a modern painter.‎ ‎ 他们(还)谈到了他作为一名当代画家的优秀品质。‎ ‎ One quality of this plastic is that it is almost unbreakable.‎ ‎ 这种塑料有个特点是不易断裂。‎ ‎ quality，词性名词，意为“质量”时是不可数名词，意为“品质，性质”时是可数名词。‎ ‎ of great quality意为“具有高质量的”，可作定语和表语。‎ ‎ (1)The goods are of poor .‎ ‎ A.quantity B.qualities C.quality D.quantities ‎ 答案　C ‎ (2)Courage is one of the best of a good soldier.‎ ‎ A.quality B.quantity C.qualities D.feature ‎ 答案　C ‎2. A great person is someone who devotes his/her life to helping others.伟人就是把自己的一生 ‎ 致力于帮助他人的人。 ‎ ‎ I don’t think we should devote any more time to this question.‎ ‎ 我认为我们不应该在这个问题上花更多的时间。‎ ‎ He devoted his whole life to teaching. ‎ ‎ 他把毕生精力献给了教学。‎ ‎ devote，词性动词，意为“奉献，献身；投注……”，常与介词to搭配，构成devote...to...‎ ‎ 结构，to是介词，后接名词或动名词。devote oneself to意为“致力于，献身于”；devote ‎ ‎ one’s life to意为“把某人的生命献给……”；devote one’s energy to意为“把某人的精 ‎ 力献给……”。‎ ‎ devotion n.(与to连用)献身；忠诚；热心；专心 ‎ devoted adj.热心的，忠诚的；恩爱的；献身的；专心于……的；专用于……的 ‎ He is devoted to his country.‎ ‎ 他精忠报国。‎ ‎ They’re a devoted couple.‎ ‎ 他们是一对恩爱夫妻。‎ ‎ This is a magazine devoted to children’s literature.‎ ‎ 这是一本儿童文学刊物。‎ ‎ (1)他献身于帮助穷人。‎ ‎ He devoted himself to helping the poor.‎ ‎ (2)四年来，他全力倾注于音乐。‎ ‎ For four years，he devoted himself to music.‎ ‎ (3)她把精力都献给了和平事业。‎ ‎ She devoted her energies to the cause of peace.‎ ‎3. The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and ‎ ‎ progress，...过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，……‎ ‎ National Day saw people singing and dancing happily in the street.‎ ‎ 国庆节那天人们在大街上载歌载舞。‎ ‎ The old house saw the changes in the big family.‎ ‎ 这座老房子见证了这个大家庭的变迁。‎ ‎ 本句的主语是the last thirty years，不是表人的而是表时间的。在英语表达中，有时用表 ‎ 时间或地点的词作主语，可使语言显得生动形象，此时的谓语动词常用see或find。‎ ‎ (1)随后几年，她在许多剧中扮演角色。‎ ‎ The following years saw her act in many plays.‎ ‎ (2)第二天清晨人们发现这小女孩躺在街上，死了。‎ ‎ The next morning found the little girl lay on the street，dead. ‎ ‎4. ...until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.……一直到今 ‎ 天我们处于毫无权利可言的地步。 ‎ ‎ She left the stage at 60.‎ ‎ 她60岁的时候离开了舞台。‎ ‎ Their firm is at the stage of development.‎ ‎ 他们的公司处于发展阶段。‎ ‎ Her illness has developed to the stage where nobody can cure her.‎ ‎ 她的病已发展到没人能治的阶段。‎ ‎ stage，词性名词，意为“舞台；阶段；时期”，其后接的定语从句常用where引导，相当 ‎ 于at which或in which。‎ ‎ point，situation，case(情形；案例)，occasion(场合)，position等名词后接定语从句时，其 ‎ 关系词常用where。‎ ‎ ...we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight ‎ ‎ the government.‎ ‎ 我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。‎ ‎ There is one point where I’d like your advice.‎ ‎ 有时我也乐意听取你的建议。‎ ‎ Imagine that you are in a situation where no one believes in you.‎ ‎ 设想你在一个没人信任你的环境中。‎ ‎ (1)We are in a position we may lose a large sum of money.‎ ‎ A.where B.which C.that D.when ‎ 答案　A ‎ (2)You have come to the stage you can’t understand yourself well.‎ ‎ A.for which B.at which ‎ C.with which D.about which ‎ 答案　B ‎ ‎5. Black people couldn’t vote or choose their leaders.黑人们不能选举或选择自己的领导人。 ‎ ‎ They voted her their headmistress.‎ ‎ 他们选她做校长。‎ ‎ He was voted the most promising new director.‎ ‎ 他当选为最有前途的新导演。‎ ‎ Congress voted to increase foreign aid by 10%.‎ ‎ 国会表决通过增加10%的对外援助。‎ ‎ The committee voted that the game should be put off.‎ ‎ 委员会投票决定比赛应延期。‎ ‎ Vote for the man you can trust.‎ ‎ 选你能信赖的人。‎ ‎ People voted against Henry.‎ ‎ 人们投票反对亨利。‎ ‎ As we are not unanimous for this matter，let’s vote on it.‎ ‎ 因为我们在这件事上无法一致同意，我们投票表决吧。‎ ‎ (1)vote用作及物动词时，后可接单宾语、双宾语、动词不定式或宾语从句。‎ ‎ vote sb./sth.投票支持(人或政党)‎ ‎ vote＋双宾语选出或推举某人担任某职 ‎ vote to do sth.投票去做某事 ‎ vote＋that从句投票去做某事 ‎ (2)vote用作不及物动词时，常与以下介词连用：‎ ‎ vote for/against sth.投票赞成/反对……‎ ‎ vote on sth.就……投票表决 ‎ vote还可作名词，意为“选举；投票；表决”。‎ ‎ The matter will be decided by vote. 此事将投票表决。‎ ‎ In that country，people get the vote at the age of 18.‎ ‎ 在那个国家，人们年满18岁获得选举权。‎ ‎ (1)Many people voted for (投票支持)Obama in the election of America.‎ ‎ (2)Now we will vote on (投票)this project.‎ ‎ (3)We Chinese women have the vote (选举权).‎ ‎6....Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.……只有到那时，我们才决定用 ‎ 暴力对付暴力。 ‎ ‎ Only after the accident did he have his car inspected.‎ ‎ 直到那件意外事件后，他才叫人检查他的车子。‎ ‎ Only by working hard can we succeed in doing everything.‎ ‎ 只有努力工作，我们做每一件事才能成功。‎ ‎ Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth，which was a big surprise.‎ ‎ 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他，这对他真是一个令人吃惊的消息。‎ ‎ 上列句式都用了部分倒装。当only修饰状语置于句首时，主句经常使用倒装结构。其结构 ‎ 为：Only＋状语＋助动词(情态动词或be)＋主语＋动词原形。‎ ‎ only修饰主语时不用倒装语序。‎ ‎ Only fifty of the original one hundred men came back.‎ ‎ 在原来的一百人当中，只有五十人回来了。‎ ‎ (1)It was announced that only when the fire was under control to return to their homes.‎ ‎ A.the residents would be permitted B.had the residents been permitted ‎ C.would the residents be permitted D.the residents had been permitted ‎ 答案　C ‎ 解析　句意为：据宣布，只有在火势被控制住的时候居民们才被允许回到家中。that从 ‎ 句中only引导的时间状语从句位于句首，主句需用部分倒装结构。‎ ‎ (2)Only when I left my parents for Italy how much I loved them.‎ ‎ A.I realized B.I had realized ‎ C.had I realized D.did I realize ‎ 答案　D ‎ 解析　考查部分倒装。“only＋状语”放于句首时主句用部分倒装。‎ ‎ (3)—Only when Dr.Yang arrives able to be operated on?‎ ‎ —Yes，only save his life.‎ ‎ A.is he；can he B.was him；he can ‎ C.is he；he can D.is him；can he ‎ 答案　C ‎ ‎ ‎ (4)Only then how much damage had been caused.‎ ‎ A.she realized B.she had realized ‎ C.had she realized D.did she realize ‎ 答案　D ‎ ‎ 解析　“only＋介词短语/句子”这一结构置于句首时，整个主句必须倒装。此外，由then ‎ 可确定用过去时态。‎ ‎7. As a matter of fact，I do not like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow up some ‎ ‎ government buildings.事实上，我不喜欢暴力……但1963年我却帮着他炸毁了一些政府的 ‎ 建筑物。 ‎ ‎ As a matter of fact，I don’t know the truth.‎ ‎ 说真的，我不知道事实真相。‎ ‎ Can you lend me a pump to blow up my bicycle tyres?‎ ‎ 你能借给我个打气筒给自行车打打气吗？‎ ‎ The bomb blew up.炸弹爆炸了。‎ ‎ They blew up the old bridge and then built a new one across the river.‎ ‎ 他们炸毁了那座旧桥，然后在河上建了座新桥。‎ ‎ as a matter of fact意为“事实上，实际上”，同义短语是in fact。blow up意为“使充气；‎ ‎ 爆炸”。blow away吹走 ‎ (1)I would like a job which pays more，but I enjoy the work I’m doing at the ‎ ‎ moment.‎ ‎ A.in other words B.on the other hand ‎ C.for one thing D.as a matter of fact ‎ 答案　B ‎ 解析　本题考查介词短语的用法。in other words换句话说；on the other hand另一方面；‎ ‎ for one thing一则，常与for another thing连用，意为再则；as a matter of fact＝in fact事 ‎ 实上。根据句意，B项正确。‎ ‎ (2)The organization is going to the plane.‎ ‎ A.blow away B.hide away ‎ C.blow up D.put up ‎ 答案　C ‎8 Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.伊莱亚斯身处困境时就去找曼德 ‎ 拉。 ‎ ‎ I happened to be there when you were in trouble.当你有困难时我碰巧在那儿。‎ ‎ He is ready to help those in trouble.他乐意帮助身处困境的人。‎ ‎ in trouble意为“有困难”，在句中作表语或定语。trouble前无冠词。‎ ‎ make trouble惹是生非 ‎ get into trouble遇到麻烦 ‎ ask for trouble自找麻烦 ‎ have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难 ‎ have trouble with sth.对……有麻烦 ‎ take (the) trouble to do sth.不辞辛苦地做某事 ‎ (1)He was with the police.‎ ‎ A.in danger B.in trouble C.in control D.in need ‎ 答案　B ‎ (2)Do you know the I have had finding your house?‎ ‎ A.troubles B.difficulties C.trouble D.difficult ‎ 答案　C ‎9. Why did Nelson Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？为让黑 ‎ 人与白人平等，曼德拉为什么会求助于暴力？ ‎ ‎ Turn to him for help if (it is) necessary.如果有必要可求助于他。‎ ‎ She often turns to music for comfort when she is sad.‎ ‎ 她悲伤时常听音乐寻求安慰。‎ ‎ There was no one in the street to whom I could turn for help at that time.‎ ‎ 那时大街上没有我能求助的人。‎ ‎ turn to意为“转向；求助于；致力于……”，其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词。‎ ‎ (1)She’s having a lot of trouble with the new computer，but she doesn’t know whom to ‎ ‎ for help.‎ ‎ A.turn to B.look for ‎ C.deal with D.talk about ‎ 答案　A ‎ (2)Through the economic reform，the economic situation of China much better than it ‎ ‎ used to be.‎ ‎ A.turned into B.turned off C.turned in D.turned out ‎ 答案　D ‎ (3)—Do you know where my blue coat is?‎ ‎ —Don’t bother to look for it.I’m sure it will some day.‎ ‎ A.turn out B.turn on C.turn up D.turn over ‎ 答案　C 伊莱亚斯的故事 ‎ 我的名字叫伊莱亚斯。我是南非的一个穷苦的黑人工人。第一次见到纳尔逊·曼德拉的时候，是我一生中非常艰难的时期。(当时)我才12岁，那是在1952年，曼德拉是我寻求帮助的一位黑人律师。他为那些穷苦黑人提供法律指导。他十分慷慨地给予我时间，我为此非常感激。‎ ‎ ‎ 由于我所受的教育很少，所以我需要他的帮助。我六岁开始上学。我仅仅在那里读了两年的学校有三公里远。我不得不辍学，因为我的家庭无法继续支付学费和交通费。我既不太会读，也不怎么会写。几经周折，我才在一家金矿找到一份工作。然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。糟糕的是我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。‎ ‎ 纳尔逊·曼德拉给予我帮助的那一天是我一生中最高兴的日子。他告诉我要想在约翰内斯堡立住脚，应当如何获取所需证件。我对自己的未来又充满了希望。我永远也忘不了他对我的恩情。当他组织了非国大青年联盟时，我马上就参加了这个组织。他说：“过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。”‎ ‎ 他说的是真话。当时黑人没有选举权，他们无权选择他们的领导人。他们不能做自己想要做的工作。他们所能住的城区都是由白人决定的。他们被打发去住的城外地区是南非最贫穷的地区。在那儿，没有人能够种庄稼。事实上，就像纳尔逊·曼德拉所说的：‎ ‎ “……我们被置于这样一个境地：要么我们被迫接受低人一等的现实，要么跟政府作斗争。我们选择向法律进攻。首先我们用和平的方式来破坏法律，而当这种方式也得不到允许时，……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。”‎ ‎ 事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。那是很危险的事情，因为如果我被抓住了，可能就会被关进监狱。但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这是为了实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。‎ Section Three　Grammar 定语从句(Ⅱ)‎ ‎1.What is the name of the town where we stayed last night?‎ ‎2.Oct.1,1949 was the day when the Peple’s Republic of China was founded.‎ ‎3.I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.‎ ‎4.The school in which he once studied is very famous.‎ ‎5.We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.‎ 由以上1～4例句可以看出，若定语从句所修饰的先行词在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，常用关系副词或“介词＋which”引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作状语；另外，当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导，如例5。‎ ‎1.where表示地点，只能跟在表地点或场合的名词后，在定语从句中只能作地点状语。注意：‎ ‎ where不在从句中作主语或宾语。‎ ‎ It’s one of the few countries where people drive on the left.‎ ‎ Think of a place where we can go for dinner.‎ ‎2.when表示时间，只能跟在表时间的名词后，在定语从句中只能作时间状语。‎ ‎ Oct.1,1949 was the day when the People’s Republic of China was founded.‎ ‎ Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?‎ ‎3.why表示原因，通常跟在reason后引导定语从句，在定语从句中只能作原因状语。‎ ‎ I don’t know the reason why she looks unhappy today.‎ ‎ This is the reason why(＝ for which) he cried.‎ ‎4.介词＋which/whom结构 ‎ (1)当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由“介词＋which/whom”引导；关系副 ‎ 词有时也可以被此结构代替。‎ ‎ Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine (that/which) you asked for.‎ ‎ ＝Tomorrow I will bring here the magazine for which you asked.‎ ‎ (2)关系词whose常用“the＋名词＋of which”或“of which＋the＋名词”结构来代替。‎ ‎ The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎ The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎ The classroom of which the door is broken will soon be repaired.‎ ‎ (3)“介词＋which/whom”前可有some，any，none，both，all，neither，most，each，few ‎ 等代词或者数词，表示部分与整体的关系。‎ ‎ He loved his parents deeply，both of whom are very kind to him.‎ ‎ In the basket there are quite many apples，some of which have gone bad.‎ ‎ There are forty students in our class in all，most of whom are from big cities.‎ ‎ 【注意】1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：look for，look after，take care of等。‎ ‎ This is the watch which/that I am looking for.(√)‎ ‎ This is the watch for which I am looking.(×)‎ ‎ 2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用 ‎ which，不能用that。‎ ‎ The man with whom you talked is my friend.(√)‎ ‎ The man with that you talked is my friend.(×)‎ ‎ 【支招】‎ ‎ 如何判断关系代词与关系副词 ‎ 用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于关系词在从句中所作的句子成分，若关系词在从句中 ‎ 作状语，就必须要求用关系副词或者是介词加关系代词；若作宾语、主语或表语，则要求 ‎ 用关系代词。‎ ‎ (1)I’ll never forget the days I worked together with you.‎ ‎ (2)I’ll never forget the days I spent in the countryside.‎ ‎ 在句(1)中，要填的关系词在定语从句中作时间状语，所以填when；在句(2)中，要填的关 ‎ 系词在定语从句中作spent的宾语，所以应填that或which。‎ Ⅰ.用where，which，when，why，whose填空 ‎1.Dorothy always spoke highly of her role in the play which made the others unhappy.‎ ‎2.I shall never forget the days when I lived in the country with my parents.‎ ‎3.The factory where his brother works lies in the south of the city.‎ ‎4.They took care of the old man whose son lost his life in the fire.‎ ‎5.The reason why/for which he refused the invitation is not clear.‎ ‎6.We visited a factory which makes toys for children.‎ ‎7.We visited a factory where toys are made for children.‎ ‎8.Summer is the season when I like to travel.‎ Ⅱ.将下列句子合并成带有定语从句的复合句 ‎1.What’s the name of the girl?Her grandapa took part in the Long March.→‎ ‎ What is the name of the girl whose grandpa took part in the Long March?‎ ‎2.The bus was the wrong one.Xiao Li was running after it.→‎ ‎ The bus which Xiao Li was running after was the wrong one.‎ ‎3.The wallet has been found.Mr. Hopkins was looking for it.→‎ ‎ The wallet which Mr.Hopkins was looking for has been found.‎ ‎4.The factory has been sold.He worked there ten years ago.→‎ ‎ The factory where he worked ten years ago has been sold.‎ ‎5.The day was enjoyable.We played on the beach on that day.→‎ ‎ The day when we played on the beach was enjoyable.‎ ‎6.Why is he so upset?The reason is unknown.→‎ ‎ The reason why he is so upset is unknown.‎ Section Four　Using Language Ⅰ.速读课文，回答下列问题 ‎ (1)What did Elias do when he was in prison?‎ ‎ He studied and was taught by Nelson Mandela when he was in prison.‎ ‎ (2) Finally，what did Elias take as his job？Did he enjoy it? ‎ ‎ His job was taking the tourists round his old prison，at first he didn’t enjoy ‎ his job but later he was proud to do this.‎ Ⅱ.精读课文，完成下列问题 ‎1.Elias was unhappy in the prison because .‎ ‎ A.he was kept with the criminals ‎ ‎ B.the prison guards studied with him ‎ C.he had to study ‎ D.he could not study for a degree ‎ 答案　D ‎2.Nelson Mandela showed how good a leader he was because .‎ ‎ A.he fought the guards in prison ‎ B.he refused to let the guards study in his school ‎ C.he let the guards study in his school but not take the exams ‎ D.he let the guards study even though the prisoners could not take the exams ‎ 答案　D ‎3.Life for Elias was not too bad in prison because .‎ ‎ A.he had to study ‎ B.he could study with the guards ‎ C.he wanted to study ‎ D.he could study and get a degree ‎ 答案　B ‎4.As the leader of South Africa，Nelson Mandela helped prisoners of Robben Island by .‎ ‎ A.giving them an education ‎ B.giving them money ‎ C.putting the guards in prison ‎ D.giving them a job ‎ 答案　A Language Points ‎1. It was a prison from which no one escaped.这是一个谁也不能逃掉的监狱。 ‎ ‎ She managed to escape from the burning car.‎ ‎ 她终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。‎ ‎ Her name escaped me.‎ ‎ 我记不起她的名字了。‎ ‎ Luckily she escaped being killed in the accident.‎ ‎ 幸运的是她在事故中躲过一劫。‎ ‎ escape，动词，意为“躲避，逃避”；escape from意为“从……中逃跑”。escape doing sth./‎ ‎ sth.避免做某事。‎ ‎ escape也可用作名词。‎ ‎ make one’s escape逃跑 ‎ have a narrow/near escape九死一生 ‎ a fire escape消防通道 ‎ Though he broke the rules，he escaped .‎ ‎ A.to punish B.punishing C.punish D.being punished ‎ 答案　D ‎2. I did not work again for twenty years until Mr.Mandela and the ANC came to power in ‎ ‎ 1994.在曼德拉与非国大于1994年上台前，我有20年没工作。 ‎ ‎ When did the party come to power?‎ ‎ 这个政党是何时上台的？‎ ‎ The party has been in power for four years.这个政党已执政4年了。‎ ‎ Don’t promise anything out of your power.‎ ‎ 不要允诺任何力所不及的事。‎ ‎ come to power意为上台，执政，表动作，其同义短语是get into power，表状态时用 ‎ be in power。out of one’s power意为力所不及，其反义短语是in/within one’s power。‎ ‎ (1)How long he ？‎ ‎ A.has；come to power B.has；get into power ‎ C.has；been in power D.has；been in his power ‎ 答案　C ‎ (2)It is wise of you to let your child do something his power.‎ ‎ A.out B.out of C.in D.of ‎ 答案　C ‎3. I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.第一次对旅行团讲解时，我很不高兴。‎ ‎ The first time I climbed onto the roof I felt nervous.‎ ‎ 我第一次爬到房顶上时，感到紧张不安。‎ ‎ I recognized her the moment I saw her.‎ ‎ 我一见到她就认出她来了。‎ ‎ 本句中的名词短语the first time引导的是时间状语从句。类似的短语还有every time每次，‎ ‎ the moment/minute一……就……，last time最后一次等。‎ ‎ (1)—When did he leave the classroom?‎ ‎ —He left you turned back to write on the blackboard.‎ ‎ A.the minute B.the time ‎ C.until D.before ‎ 答案　A ‎ (2)I thought her nice and honest I met her.‎ ‎ A.first time B.for the first time ‎ C.the first time D.by the first time ‎ 答案　C ‎ (3)—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?‎ ‎ —Yes.I gave it to her I saw her.‎ ‎ A.while B.the moment ‎ C.suddenly D.once ‎ 答案　B ‎4. They said that the job and the pay from the new South African government were my ‎ ‎ reward after...他们说从南非政府得到的这份工作和薪水是给我的报酬…… ‎ ‎ By rights，half the reward should be mine.按理说，有一半奖赏应该是我的。‎ ‎ He will sooner or later be rewarded with punishment for his bad conduct.‎ ‎ 他的恶行迟早会得到报应。‎ ‎ It is unfair that he gets very little in reward for his hard work.‎ ‎ 他工作很辛苦，报酬却很少，这不公平。‎ ‎ reward，名词或动词，意为“酬劳，报酬”；reward sb.with sth.for sth.意为“为……以…… ‎ ‎ 报答某人”；in reward for...作为对……的回报。‎ ‎ He always believes that the company will him his efforts.‎ ‎ A.offer；for B.reward；of ‎ C.offer；of D.reward；for ‎ 答案　D ‎5. sentenced to fives years...被判处五年徒刑…… ‎ ‎ He was sentenced to 3 years.‎ ‎ 他被判处3年徒刑。‎ ‎ The man was sentenced to death.‎ ‎ 这人被判处死刑。‎ ‎ sentence，词性动词，意为“判刑”；“判某人……刑”用sentence sb.to...，其中to是介 ‎ 词，后接名词。‎ ‎ It is reported that the murderer was sentenced .‎ ‎ A.to die B.for death C.for dying D.to death ‎ 答案　D 伊莱亚斯的故事续篇 ‎ 你无法想象罗本岛这个名字听起来多么令我们恐惧。那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。在那里我度过了我一生中最艰难的岁月。但是我到那里时，纳尔逊·曼德拉也在那儿，他又帮助了我。曼德拉先生为我们那些几乎没有上过学的人开办学校。他用午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。我们躲在毯子下面读书，我们用可以找到的任何东西作蜡烛来看书。我成了一名好学生，想要为我的学位而学习，但是别人不允许我这样做。后来，曼德拉先生让狱卒和我们一起学习。他说他们不应该被剥夺通过学习获得学位的权利。他们并不比我更聪明，却通过了考试。因此我就知道我也能够拿到学位。这让我觉得自己还不错。‎ ‎ 在监狱里呆完四年之后，我去找工作。因为我受过比较好的教育，我得到了一份坐办公室的工作。可是警察局发现了，告诉了我的老板，说我因为炸政府大楼而坐过牢。于是我失业了。在曼德拉和非国大于1994年掌权之前，我有20年没有工作。在此期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。幸亏曼德拉先生还记得我，给了我一份工作，叫我带着旅行团去参观罗本岛上我住过的那座旧监狱。第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。我回忆起那时所有的恐怖和令人畏惧的情景。我记起了狱卒的鞕打和暴行，我想到了我那些死去的朋友。我觉得我做不了这样的(导游的)工作，但是我的家人却鼓励我。他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪饷，是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。现在，我能给参观者介绍有关监狱的情况，对此我感到非常骄傲，因为我曾经为黑人在自己的国土上争取自由而出过力。‎ Section Five　Writing 给你支招 ‎　　记叙文是以写人、记事、状物为主要内容，以叙述和描写为表达方式的文章。‎ ‎ 以写人为主的记叙文，应该注意肖像描写、行动描写、语言描写、心理描写以及对细节的描写。‎ ‎ 一篇好的记叙文需要直接或间接地表达以下六个问题，即：when(该事发生的时间)，where(该事发生的地点)，who(人物角色是谁)，what(发生的是什么事)，why(该事发生的原因)，以及how(事件的结果是如何造成的)等等。一篇记叙文，无论长短如何都应该是一个完全独立的事实。因此，在下笔时必须明确：该从何处开始叙述，该在何处结束叙述，以及应该提供何种事实才能使叙述完整。‎ ‎ 仔细审题，看准题目要求，确定文章的主题。文章的内容、结构、层次及所用语言都应围绕主题进行。‎ ‎ 具体详细地描述。要使文章有说服力，叙述就必须繁简疏密相间。详细具体的描写有助于读者对所叙述的人物或事件等有个深刻的印象。‎ ‎ 写作时要避免句子单调、毫无花样。这就要求写作时长短句结合，注意衔接词的运用。‎ ‎ ‎ 叙述要生动。要使文章叙述生动，具有吸引力，必须注意词汇的选择，时态的运用以及上下文的一致问题。词语的运用应注意是否恰当、通顺、简洁和准确。时态的运用应注意上下文的相关性、连续性，要与表达的内容一致。‎ 品味鉴赏 品味佳作 ‎　　今天是教师节，请根据以下提示写一篇记叙你的英语老师的短文，词数为100左右。‎ ‎ 1.李老师教课生动活泼，印象深刻。‎ ‎ 2.上课前班长通知说李老师要动手术，暂时不能来上课，谁能代课还未决定。‎ ‎ 3.同学们悄然无声，似乎都担心她不再来上课了。‎ ‎ 4.李老师走进教室，她说不愿意耽误同学们的功课，要求医生推迟了手术时间。并说新老师明天就来，希望同学们跟老师很好地相处，她病愈即返校。‎ ‎ Miss Li is our English teacher.She always impresses us deeply with her lively English class.One day，∧(应添加when) the first bell rang，the monitor stood up and said，“Our English teacher is going to have a (应改为an) operation today.It has not ∧(应添加been) decided yet who will give us the lesson.”The class turned silence (应改为silent) after his words.It seemed that no one would believe in (应删掉in) him.In fact，all of us were afraid that Miss Li would no longer ∧(应添加be) with us.At this moment，Miss Li appeared at the door.She looked tired and pale.‎ ‎ “I’ll be miss (应改为missing) you badly，”she said at (应改为in) a low voice，“I have asked the doctor to put off the operation till tomorrow because I don’t want you to miss a single class.”She went on，“A new teacher will take ∧ (应添加my) place and I hope you’ll get ∧(应添加on或along) well with him or her.I’ll come back as soon as I am better.”‎ Hearing this，all of us were moved to tear (应改为tears).What a good teacher we have！‎ ‎　　Miss Li is our English teacher.She always impresses us deeply with her lively English class.‎ One day，when the first bell rang，the monitor stood up and said，“Our English teacher is going to have an operation today.It has not been decided yet who will give us the lesson.” The class turned silent after his words. It seemed that no one would believe him.In fact，all of us were afraid that Miss Li would no longer be with us.At this moment，Miss Li appeared at the door.‎ She looked tired and pale.‎ ‎ “I’ll be missing you badly，”‎ she said in a low voice，“I have asked the doctor to put off the operation till tomorrow because I don’t want you to miss a single class.”She went on，“A new teacher will take my place and I hope you’ll get on well with him or her.I’ll come back as soon as I’m better.”‎ ‎ Hearing this, all of us were moved to tears.What a good teacher we have！‎ 以我之见 ‎　　本文中我欣赏的句子是：I have asked the doctor to put off the operation...；能让全文连贯的过渡词或连接句是at this moment，hearing this...。‎ ‎【趁热打铁】‎ ‎ 一对外发行的英文报纸有“人物剪影”栏目，请根据下面的提示写一篇短文，介绍我国著名乒乓球运动员王楠。‎ ‎ 提示：‎ ‎ 1.王楠：1978年10月出生于辽宁；‎ ‎ 2.身高‎1.62米，体重54公斤；‎ ‎ 3.7岁开始打球，1989年进入辽宁队，1993年入选国家队；‎ ‎ 4.训练刻苦，与队友相处融洽； ‎ ‎ 5.喜欢上网，交友。‎ ‎ 6.在国际比赛中获得几十枚金牌，为国家争得了荣誉。‎ ‎ 注意：1.题目自拟；‎ ‎ 2.不要逐条翻译提示，可适当增加细节，以使短文连贯；‎ ‎ 3.词数100左右。‎ ‎ 网址：wangnan @ wangnan net.‎ ‎【参考范文】‎ Wang Nan—World Champion in Pingpong ‎ Wang Nan, a world champion in pingpong, is 1.62 meters tall with the weight of 54 kilograms.She was born in Liaoning Province in October 1978.She began to play pingpong at the age of seven.She worked in Liaoning Team for three years before she came to the national team in 1993.She trained hard and got along well with her teammates.Wang Nan has won scores of gold medals in international table tennis games and won great honor for our motherland.She likes going on the net and she enjoys chatting with friends through the Internet.You can find more information about her at wangnan @ wangnan net.‎ 检验真知——目标回顾 Ⅰ.重点单词 ‎1.active adj.积极的；活跃的→actively adv.‎ ‎2.selfish adj.自私的→self n.自我；自身→selfless adj.无私的；忘我的 ‎3.devote vt.献身；专心于→devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 ‎4.peace n.和平→peaceful adj.‎ ‎5.equal adj.相等的；平等的→equality n.‎ ‎6.unfair adj.不公正的；不公平的→fair adj.(反义词)‎ ‎7.educate vt.教育；训练→educated adj.受过教育的 ‎8.beg vi.请求；乞求→beggar n.乞丐 ‎9.reward n.报酬；奖金；vt.酬劳；奖赏→award n.奖；授予；vt.授予奖励；判给 ‎10.quality n.质量；品质；性质 ‎11.generous adj.慷慨的；大方的 ‎12.stage n.舞台；阶段；时期 ‎13.vote vt.‎& vi.投票；选举；n.投票；选票；表决 ‎14.attack vt.进攻；攻击；抨击 ‎15.escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露 ‎16.blanket n.毛毯；毯子 ‎17.relative n.亲戚；亲属 ‎18.president n.总统；会长；校长；行长；主席 ‎19.opinion n.意见；看法；主张 Ⅱ.重点短语 ‎1.lose heart丧失信心 ‎2.come to power当权；上台 ‎3.be sentenced to...被判处……(徒刑)‎ ‎4.in one’s opinion在某人看来 ‎5.as a matter of fact事实上 ‎6.blow up充气；爆炸 ‎7.in trouble在困境中 ‎8.set up设立 ‎9.turn to求助于；致力于 ‎10.devote...to...献身；专心于 ‎11.out of work失业 Ⅲ.重点句型 ‎1.He died for his ideas but his work is still used in the official Bible today.‎ ‎2.Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.‎ ‎3.The last thirty years have seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，‎ ‎ until today we have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.‎ ‎4....we were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight ‎ ‎ the government.‎ ‎5....only then did we decide to answer violence with violence.‎ ‎6.I felt bad the first time I talked to a group.‎ Ⅳ.重点语法 ‎ 若定语从句所修饰的先行词在定语从句中作地点、时间、原因状语时，常用关系副词或“介词＋which”引导定语从句，并在定语从句中作状语；另外，当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常由介词＋which/whom引导。‎