【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项特殊句式学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专项特殊句式学案

专题10特殊句式 题型 高考真题 命题解读 语法填空 1. ‎(2018全国二卷70) China’s approach to protecting its environment while feeding (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. ‎ 2. ‎(2016全国二卷70) It could be anything—gardening, cooking, music, sports— but whatever it is,make(make) sure it’s a relief from daily stress rather than another thing to worry about. ‎ 3. ‎(2015湖南卷21) It was when we returning home that I realized what a good feeling it was to have helped someone in trouble. ‎ 在语法填空中强调句是高考的难点，倒装句是高考的热点，会有概率出现在语法填空中。此外状语从句的省略、祈使句和there be句型的各种时态的应用也是高考重点考查的项目。‎ 短文改错 1. ‎(2019全国二卷)They→ There were two reasons for the decision. ‎ 2. ‎(2017山东青岛一中模拟) I had trouble overcoming my addiction to alcohol, and so was→ did my friend Mike. ‎ 3. ‎(2017湖南师大附中检测) It is the stable and comfortable life where→ that has destroyed the young man’s ambition to be a great explorer. ‎ 1. 倒装句中助动词或系动词的缺失或误用；‎ 2. 强调句中it或that的误用；‎ 3. 感叹句中what和how的误用；‎ 4. 祈使句中动词原形的误用；‎ 5. there be句型的there或be动词单复数的误用。‎ 特殊句式与语法填空 特殊句式与短文改错 1. 注意分析句式结构，确定为何种特殊句式；‎ 2. 根据特殊句式的结构特点，填入适当的词。‎ 遇到特殊句式，要注意倒装句、强调句、‎ 省略句、祈使句、感叹句等句式的构成特点，从而确定错因。‎ 必备知识梳理 考点一倒装：‎ 一． 全部倒装（谓语提到主语之前）：‎ 倒装条件 倒装方法 以here、 there、out、in、up、down、away 等副词开头，谓语动词多为be、come、go等，主语是名词。‎ 副词+谓语+主语 以then、now、thus、such开头，谓语动 词多为come、 follow、 begin、 end、 be等，主语是名词。‎ 副词+谓语+主语 表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词，主语是名词。‎ 介词短语+谓语+主语 表语置于句首，为了保持句子平衡，为形表示强调，或利于上下文衔接。‎ 介词短语/形容词/分词+be+主语 Our rusheda cat from under the table.‎ Such was Albert Einstein, a simple but great scientist. ‎ In a lecture hall of a university in England sat a professor. ‎ Seated in the first line are some workers.‎ 二． 部分倒装（助动词、be动词、情态动词提到主语前）：‎ 倒装条件 倒装方法 only+副词、介词短语或从句位于句首作状语 only+ 副词/介词短语/状语从句 + 助动词/be动词/情态动词 + 主语+ 谓语+ 其它部分 含有否定意义的副词或介词短语 (not、 never、seldom、little、hardly、by no means、not until、on no condition、in no case、under no circumstances等)位于句首时 否定副词或介词短语+助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其它部分 hardly…when、no sooner…than、not only…but(also)等连接两个分句时，如果hardly、no sooner、not only位于句首时，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一分分句不变 Hardly/No sooner/Not only+ 助动词/be动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其它部分+ when/than/but also+分句 so(such)…that中的so(such)位于句首时 so+ adj/adv(such + n)+ be 动词/助动词/情态动词+主语+谓语+其它部分+that从句 so/neither/nor置于句首，意为“也”或“也不”，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或事时 so/neither/nor+be动词/助动词/情态动词+主语 as引导让步状语从句时，意为“尽管”，把句中的状语、表语或动词提前；若表语是名词，其前不用冠词 状语/表语/动词+as+主谓结构+主句 当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had、were或should时，如将if省略，则需要将had、were或should移到主语前 Had/Were/Should+主语+谓语+其它部分+主句 Only in this way can you solve this problem.‎ Never before have I seen such a moving film.‎ Not only didhe do housework, but also he had to do his homework.‎ So clearly does he speak English that he can always makehimself understood.‎ Tom doesn’t like bananas; nor/neither do I. ‎ Child as/ though he is, he knows a lot.尽管他还是个孩子，‎ Had I attended the meeting, I would have met him.‎ 易错提示 ‎●there、here、now、then、up、down、in、away、 off，out等副词置于句首，但主语为人称代词时，不用倒装。‎ ‎●only修怖主语置于句首时，不能倒装。‎ ‎●“so+主语+助动词/be动词/情态动词”表示同意以上观点，不能倒装，此时so表示“的确如此”。‎ ‎●当前面两件或两件以上的事也适合于另一人或物时，通常用“so it is with.”或“it is the same with..:”‎ ‎●neither…nor…“……不……，……也不……”，连接两个并列分句时，这两个并列分向都用倒装结构。‎ ‎●though引导让步状语从句时，可以倒装也可以不倒装。although引导让步状语从句时不能倒装。‎ ‎(2016浙江卷阅读理解) It is likely that babies are born knowing this basic fact of the universe; nor are they ever clearly taught it. ‎ 考点二强调句：‎ 1. 强调句的基本句型是“is/was+被强调的部分+that/who+其它部分”。被强调的部分可以是主语、宾语、状语等。‎ It is at this library that I borrowed these books.‎ 2. 强调句型的一般疑问句只需将is/was提前，其特殊疑问句的结构是“疑问词+is/was+it+that从句”。‎ Is it Professor Wang who teaches you English?‎ What is it thatyou want me to do?‎ 3. 如果原句中含有“not…until...”在强调时间状语时，将主句中的否定词not连同状语一起提前。‎ It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realizedshe was Tina.‎ 4. ‎“Itis…that…”结构不能强调谓语动词。如果需要强调谓语动词，则用 ‎“do/does/did+动词原形”，以加强语气，意为“的确；真的；务必”。‎ He did say that he would help me. ‎ 考点三其它句型：‎ 一． 省略句式 1. 在when、while、whenever、till、as soon as、if、unless、asthough、as等引导的状语从句中，若谓语部分含有be动词，而从句的主语又与主句的主语一致或从句的主语是it时，从句的主语和be动词常被省略。‎ Film has a much shorter history, especially when (it is) compared tosuch art forms as music and painting.‎ If(it is) necessary, we shall send a telegram home.‎ 2. 不定式中的动词省略，单独使用不定式符号to。‎ (1) 不定式中的动词被省略时，其符号to常用在be afraid/ glad/happy、 expect、 forget、 hope、 intend、like、mean、 prefer、 refuse、 seem、try、 want、 wish等的后面。‎ I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to. ‎ ‎---Will you join in the game?‎ ‎---I’d be glad to.‎ (2) 如果不定式中含有be、have、have been，通常保留be、have和have been。‎ ‎---Are you a sailor?‎ ‎---No, but I used to be.‎ 二． 祈使句 祈使句的常考句式：‎ ‎(1)祈使句+and+简单句，表示“如果……就……”‎ ‎(2)析使句+or/ otherwise+简单句，表示“……否则……”‎ Bring the flowers into a warm room and they’ll soon open.‎ Don’t drive so fast or/otherwise you’ll have an accident.‎ 三． 感叹句 感叹句的固定句式：‎ ‎(1)What+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！=How+形容词+a/an+单数名词+主语+‎ 谓语!‎ ‎(2)What(+形容词)+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语!‎ ‎(3)How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！‎ ‎(4)How+主语+谓语！‎ Whata gorgeous lady she is!=How gorgeous a lady she is!‎ What rapid progress Tom has made in his study!‎ How hard they worked!‎ How I want to be a league member!‎ A卷真题卷 单句填空题 1. I didn’t realize how right my parents were_____________ I entered high school. ‎ 2. ‎_____________ (call)me tomorrow and I’ll let you know the lab result. ‎ 3. It was only after he had read the papers_____________ Mr Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.‎ 4. It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house_____________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat. ‎ 5. It was when I got back to my apartment_____________ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ 6. You are waiting at a wrong place. It is at the hotel_____________ the coach picks up tourists.‎ 7. Not until recently_____________ (do) they encourage the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas. ‎ 8. Always _____________ (keep) in mind that your main task is to get this company running smoothly. ‎ 9. Only when Lily walked into the office_____________ (do) she realize that she had left the contract at home. ‎ 10. Bach died in 1750, but it was not until the early 19th century_____________ his musical ‎ gift was full recognized. ‎ 1. It’s not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_____________ makes life happy. ‎ 2. ‎_____________ (be) there no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get new from around the world. ‎ 3. The Public Square is an eye-catching sight of the city. There_____________ (stand) many stone sculptures of famous historical figures 4. ‎_____________ (observe) carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab. ‎ 5. ‎---I spent two weeks in London last summer. ‎ ‎---Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _____________ (do) you?‎ 6. There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent, _____________ (be) there? ‎ 答案解析：‎ 1. until 句意：直到我上高中，我才意识到我的父母是多么正确，考查not…until…结构；‎ 2. Call该句考查“祈使句+and+简单句”的特殊句式；‎ 3. that分析句子结构可知，此处考查“It’s…that”强调句式；‎ 4. that 分析句子结构可知，此处考查“It’s…that”强调句式；‎ 5. that 本句去掉It was和空格是一个结构完整的句子，所以本句是强调句，强调时间状语；‎ 6. that 分析句子结构可知，此处考查“It’s…that”强调句式，强调的是地点状语；‎ 7. did not until放句首时，句子要部分倒装。根据副词recently可知，动作发生在过去，用一般过去时，故将助动词did提前；‎ 8. keep分析句子结构可知，该句为祈使句，故用原形；‎ 9. did “only+状语”位于句首时，主句要用部分倒装。根据时间状语从句when Lily walked into the office可知，此处要用过去时，故提前did；‎ 10. that分析句子结构可知，此处考查“It’s…that”强调句式，强调not until…；‎ 11. that分析句子结构可知，此处考查“It’s…that”强调句式，强调ing形式的主语；‎ 12. Were根据主句中would have to以及句意可知，本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与现在 事实相反，从句应用一般过去时。当虚拟条件句中有had、should、were时，可将if去掉，然后把had、should、were提到主语前；‎ 1. stand本句是一个全倒装句，当副词there位于句首时，且主语是名词时，要把谓语动词移到主语前面，形成全倒装。本句中的sculptures是复数形式，故用stand;‎ 2. Observe 分析句子结构可知，本句是一个祈使句，故用动词原形；‎ 3. didn’t must have done是对过去事实的肯定推测，且句中有明确的时间状语，故句末翻译疑问句应该用didn’t…；‎ 4. is当陈述部分有never、seldom、little等表否定意义的词时，后面的反义疑问则为肯定形式，且前后主谓语保持一致。‎ 单句改错题 1. The instructor kept repeating the words, “Speed up!” “Slow down!” “ Turning left!”‎ 2. They are three lessons in the morning and two in the afternoon.‎ 3. Don’t panic or get out of line, and trying to remain quiet and calm. ‎ 答案解析：‎ 1. Turning→ Turn 根据前后的speed和slow来看，此处应该是祈使句，故改为动词原形；‎ 2. They → There 分析句子结构可知，此句为there be句式，故将They改为There；‎ 3. trying→ try 分析句子结构可知，连词and连接的是两个祈使句。‎ B卷模拟卷 单句填空题 1. ‎_____________ (get) to the top of thetower building, where you can see the whole city.‎ 2. The ground is wet all over, soI’m sure it must have rained last night, _____________ it?‎ 3. A child, if actively_____________ (engage) in classroom activities, can be taught many things. ‎ 4. Mike didn’t understand_____________ it was that made his wife so upset this morning.‎ 5. ‎_____________in this way will youknow how to arrange your time and to spend your time properly.‎ 1. No sooner_____________ (have) I got to the station than the train left.‎ 2. So buried _____________ (be) she in doing her homework that she didn’t notice it got dark outside.‎ 3. It was consistent love and kindness_____________won a lifelong friendship. ‎ 4. It was after Mrs Dodd became an adult_____________ she realized the strength and selflessnessher father had shown in raising his children as a single parent. ‎ 5. ‎---Was it Bill, who played basketball very well, _____________helped the blind man crossthe road?‎ ‎---Yes, of course. He is always ready to help others 6. It was then_____________I burstinto tears because I really needed the money at the time. ‎ 7. In my opinion, for one thing, it is to realize our value_____________matters a lot. ‎ 8. I was in trouble in overcoming my addiction to computer games, and_____________wasmy friend Mike. ‎ 9. Freddy gave him a job and housing and lent him pocket money while_____________ (train) him.‎ 10. It’s true, but Iheard some people_____________ find their better half throughonline dating.‎ 11. It is one’s inner beauty_____________ matters. ‎ 12. When_____________ (return) home, I met my old friend Paulin the street. ‎ 13. ‎____________ dangerous it was!‎ 14. It was in the evening_____________ the police found the criminal.‎ 15. ‎_____________ (knock) at the door before you enter my room,please.‎ 16. Only then _____________ we realize there was an earthquake.‎ 17. ‎_____________ strange clothes he is wearing!‎ 18. She has finished her job. So_____________ her brother. ‎ 19. Hardly_____________ we finished our dinner when the electricitywas cut off.‎ 20. Not until I came home last night_____________ Mum go tobed. ‎ 参考答案:‎ 1. Get; ‎ 1. didn’t; ‎ 2. engaged; ‎ 3. what; ‎ 4. Only; ‎ 5. had; ‎ 6. was; ‎ 7. that; ‎ 8. that; ‎ 9. that/who; ‎ 10. that; ‎ 11. that; ‎ 12. so; ‎ 13. training;‎ 14. did; ‎ 15. that; ‎ 16. returning ‎ 17. How; ‎ 18. that;‎ 19. Knock; ‎ 20. did; ‎ 21. What; ‎ 22. has; ‎ 23. had; ‎ 24. did 单句改错题 1. How beautiful girls they are!‎ 2. They have a good knowledge of English but little theyknow about German.‎ 3. So much homework we have to do that we had no time totake a rest. ‎ 4. So softly he whisper that no one but Jane heard what hesaid.‎ 1. No sooner we left the room than we realized we forgot to take our books. ‎ 2. Not only the nurses want a pay increase, but also they want to reduce hours as well. ‎ 3. It was not until midnight when they reached the camp site. ‎ 4. Only if he apologizes for his rudeness I speak to him again.‎ 5. What foggy it was yesterday.‎ 6. How a careless boy he is. ‎ 参考答案:‎ 1. How→ What; ‎ 2. know→known;‎ 3. homework后加did；‎ 4. softly后加did；‎ 5. 第1个we前加had；‎ 6. only后加do；‎ 7. when→that；‎ 8. I前加will；‎ 9. What→How；‎ 10. How→What.‎