【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题并列句和三大从句连接词的辨析确定技巧（5页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题并列句和三大从句连接词的辨析确定技巧（5页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习短文语法填空专题并列句和三大从句连接词的辨析确定技巧 ‎1．掌握几种常考的并列结构 ‎(1)表示平行或顺承关系：both ...and, not only ...but (also) ...；‎ ‎(2)表示转折或对比关系：but, yet, while；‎ ‎(3)表示选择关系：or, either ...or ..., neither ...nor；‎ ‎(4)并列连词when所在的固定句型：‎ be doing ...when ...; be about to do ...when ...; had (just) done ...when ...; be on the point of doing ...when ...。‎ During the first three years children learned the basic skills they would use in all their later learning both at home and at school.‎ 在前三年，孩子们学会了以后在家里和在学校学习中所需要用的基本技能。‎ Now you can have a rest or you can go to the cinema.‎ 现在你可以休息，或者去看电影。‎ ‎2．掌握定语从句中关系代词和关系副词的基本用法 ‎(1)who和whom只用于指人，which和as只用于指事物，that既可用于指人也可用于指物，它在定语从句中可用作主语、宾语、表语，但在非限制性定语从句中不能用that；‎ ‎(2)whose用来指人或物，在定语从句中只作定语；‎ ‎(3)when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因，它们在定语从句中均用作状语。‎ The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.‎ 这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。‎ Finally, after four hours, they arrived at the campsite where their parents were waiting for them.‎ 最后，在4个小时之后他们到达了营地，他们的父母正在那里等着他们。‎ ‎3．牢记that 与what 在名词性从句中的区别 that没有词义，也不作任何成分，当从句意义完整，不缺任何成分时用that; what在从句中表示“……的(东西)”(有时候可以不译)，在从句中充当主语、‎ 宾语、表语等成分。‎ What Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.(what作宾语)‎ 芭芭拉·琼斯展现给她的“粉丝们”的是诚实和快乐。‎ ‎(2016·北京高考)The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is that one can be entirely free from dust. (that不作任何成分)‎ 雨季最愉快的事情莫过于不受灰尘的袭扰。‎ ‎4．状语从句的特殊考点要记牢 ‎(1)连词before的意义及句型：‎ It will be＋一段时间＋before ...，表示“多久以后才……”；It won’t be＋一段时间＋before ...表示“用不了多久就会……”；‎ ‎(2)连词since的意义及句型：‎ It is some time (一段时间)＋since引导的时间状语从句 ‎＝It has been some time (一段时间)＋since引导的时间状语从句。该固定句型意思是“自从……以来已经多长时间了”；‎ ‎(3)whether ...or ...“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句；‎ ‎(4)where引导地点状语从句。‎ John thinks it won’t be long before he is ready for his new job.‎ 约翰认为不久他就能为他的新工作做好准备。‎ As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.‎ 据报道，清华大学已经建立了100多年了。‎ I cannot hear the professor clearly as there is too much noise where I am seated.‎ 因为我坐的地方噪音太大，所以听不清教授在说什么。‎ ‎2．不会分辨并列句和复合句的区别 ‎(1)并列句和定语从句的区别 并列句与定语从句的主要区别在于：并列句是由and, but等并列连词连接，这时就不能再用引导定语从句的关系词了。‎ ‎①They live in a small house, in front of stands an orange tree.‎ ‎②They live in a small house, and in front of stands an orange tree.‎ 分析：两句的区别是连词and，句①逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示物，故填which；句②and连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句中的 a small house，故填it。‎ ‎③The old man has three sons, none of is a doctor.‎ ‎④The old man has three sons, but none of is a doctor.‎ 分析：两句的区别是连词but，句③逗号后为非限制性定语从句，空格处为引导词表示人，故填whom；句④but连接两个并列分句，空格处指代前面分句的three sons，故填them。‎ ‎(2)并列句和状语从句的区别 并列句是连词连接两个“互不依存的主谓结构”，两者之间是并列关系；而在状语从句中前后两个句子一个是主句，一个是从句，从句是用来修饰主句的。‎ ‎① you take the medicine, you will be all right.‎ ‎②Take this medicine, you will be all right.‎ 分析：两个题都应该填连词。句⑤空格处引导条件状语从句表示“如果”，故填If；句⑥中两个并列分句是顺承关系，故填and。‎ ‎③ money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.‎ ‎④Money is necessary for a happy life, it can’t buy happiness.‎ 分析：两个题都应该填连词。句⑦空格所在句子是让步关系，故填Although/Though；句⑧前后是转折关系，故填but。‎ ‎3．定语从句4大易错点 ‎(1)what不能引导定语从句 ‎(2014·全国卷Ⅰ)Maybe you have a habit is driving your family crazy.‎ 分析：定语从句的先行词为前面的a habit，在定语从句中作主语，故填 that/which。注意：此处不能用what。‎ ‎(2)that不能引导非限制性定语从句 ‎(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius, lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C., influenced the development of chopsticks.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，空格处所在句子是非限制性定语从句。定语从句修饰先行词Confucius(孔子)，且从句中缺少主语，故填who。注意：此处不能填that。‎ ‎(3)定语从句中先行词表示地点、时间或原因时，引导词不一定是where, when或why ‎(2018·兰州一中模拟)He came from a family had been rich for at least one hundred years.‎ 分析：定语从句的先行词为表示地点的family，但定语从句缺少主语，故填that/which。注意：此处不能用where。‎ ‎(4)逗号后面的引导词不一定用which ‎(2018·绵阳市模拟)The history of London goes back to its founding by the Romans, named it Londinium.‎ 分析：分析句子结构可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词是the Romans指人，故填who。此处不能用which。‎ ‎4．明辨名词性从句4大易错点 ‎(1)that与what的误用 ‎①(2018·柳州市模拟)We should make full use of the time to do should be done.‎ 分析：do后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作主语。故填what。‎ ‎②(2018·开封市质检)It is cheerful the local authorities have promised them to shorten the time of obtaining it.‎ 分析：It为形式主语，cheerful后面的句子为主语从句，引导词在从句中不作任何成分也无任何意义。故填that。‎ ‎ (2)which与that, which与what的误用 ‎①(2018·临汾一中等联考)It’s not easy for us to accept the fact ‎ we are going to leave our beloved school.‎ 分析：本句中the fact后为同位语从句，后面的引导词在从句中不作任何成分。故填that。‎ ‎②(2018·湖南师大附中模拟)When I went to the kitchen to get my breakfast, I was astonished at I saw.‎ 分析：在名词性从句中which和what都为连接代词，但which表示“哪一个”，而what表示“……的事情”。根据语境应填what。‎ ‎(3)if与whether的误用 ‎(2018·湖南师大附中模拟)I was in such a hurry that I paid no attention to the milk was hot or not.‎ 分析：空处引导宾语从句，表示“是否”之意。与or not连用时常用whether，if不能跟or not连用。故填whether。‎ ‎(4)that, what与连接副词的误用 ‎①(2016·全国卷Ⅰ改编)My uncle is the owner of a restaurant close to I live.‎ 分析：close to后为宾语从句，引导词在从句中作地点状语，表示“靠近我居住的地方”。故填where。‎ ‎②(2018·银川九中模拟)I’m writing to tell you is going on in our school — a basketball match to be held next month.‎ 分析：tell you后为宾语从句，从句缺少主语，应用连接代词what引导。‎