2018届二轮复习书面表达之图表类解题指导课件（57张）

2018届二轮复习书面表达之图表类解题指导课件（57张）

2018 届二轮复习 书面表达之 图表类 图表类书面表达往往提供统计图表或表格和简单的文字说明，让学生根据提供的数据信息，结合文字提示及要求，写一篇说明事实或反映现象的短文。考查形式是文字表格式，柱形或饼形图表式。还有另一种形式的图表作文：文字表格 + 人物图像。 知识梳理 1. 审读图表，写作前应该对图表进行认真审读，对于表格类写作，应该明确提示要点和包含的细节；对于一图表形式出现的写作应该分析其所提供的数据和其中的文字内容，弄清楚各数据之间的关系，明确写作的中心和主题。 2. 谋篇布局 : 一叙述图表的具体内容，二是分析图表内容产生的原因，三是得出结论，给出解决办法或说明存在的问题以及在未来可能发展的方向。 一、 文字表格式 体裁相对稳定，以说明文、议论文为主，辅之以记叙文。题材丰富多样，有书信、发言稿、介绍等，通常，试题明确规定了写作格式。根据表格提示内容，确定要表达的写作要点，运用掌握的句型和词汇知识完成文章。 【注意 】 1. 布好局、谋好篇。 动笔前，根据表格提示内容，先确定所需体裁，然后根据所给题材确定文章的整体结构。 2. 确定写作要点。 确定写作要点，尤其是自由发挥或谈感想的要点。最好以要点 / 短语形式列一个写作提纲。 二、 柱形或饼形图表式 体裁多为议论文、说明文和应用文，内容多涉及前后变化对比、正反观点对比或产品介绍等。通过分析，系统准确地表达出变化的含义，并得结论。要紧扣中心思想，不漏要点，意思连贯，文理通顺，语言准确得当。 柱形或饼形图表式作文写作形式和要求与 文字表格式有区别。图表作文要注意遵循以 下步骤： 1) 分析图表含义，弄清所含信息及不同信息间的关系。 柱形图用来表示各种事物的变化情况及相互关系，要求通过柱形的高度或长度差别来判断事物的动态发展趋势，密切关注刻度单位及图表旁边的提示说明与文字。 饼形图表示各事物在总体中所占的比例及相互关系，要求能够准确理解并阐述一个被分割成大小不等切片的饼形图所传达的信息。应清楚掌握部分与整体，部分与部分之间的相互关系，这种关系通常是以百分比的数字形式给出的。 2) 确定文章主题思想，构思基本框架，筛选出能说明图表主题思想的典型数据； 3) 编列文章的提纲； 4) 根据提纲，将各段提纲内容扩展成段 落，将各个段落组成文章，注意段与段之间的衔接与过渡。 一、认真审题，确定时态。 描述图表时注意动词时态。记叙文，根据提示，注意时间、地点、人物、事件、起因和结果，常用一般过去时和第一人称。说明文，把事物性质、对象、目的、用途等解释清楚，常用一般现在时。议论文，根据提示把要点 ( 论点和论据 ) 及自己的观点和论据阐释清楚，常用一般现在时。应用文，要注意写作格式。 解题指导 二、掌握图表信息 从图表的整体着手，认真分析数据，抓住主题特征，弄懂所揭示的规律；归纳出主题。 掌握图表中提供的信息及每一栏上面的小标题的标注，弄清通过图表反映出的信息、问题或现象。 三、分析有效信息 仔细观察分析图表，从中选择能支持观点的有效信息。资料、数据的描述可采用对照性的文字，不能把各种数据都写出来。数据表格，要对数字进行比较分析，从中找出规律；平面图解，要仔细观察，正确理解意义，按一定顺序，逐一表述，一目了然。 四、准确描述图表 分析信息或数据后找出不同点和相似点，常采用三段式方式。 1. 第一段：开门见山，概述图表反映主题。 常用句型： As is shown in the graph/ table ... It can be seen from the table that ... It can be concluded from the graph that ... Compared with ... According to the survey, about ... 2. 第二段：分析数据中的主要差异及趋势，通过分类或对比来表现主题，并阐明必要的理由。 切忌反复使用同一句型或反复出现图表中的数据。注意改换叙述的方式，使用不同的词语及句式。 转折，对比及比较的 词汇： while, but, on the contrary, however, compare with, in contrast to, the same as, be similar to, differences between, among, more than, less than 趋势变化的词汇： increase, rise, go up, reduce, go down, fall, reach, remain, by/ to, slowly, slightly, gradually, rapidly, the number of, from…to, 比较级，倍数等。 常用句型： Facts: There was a great /slight increase in… There has been a sudden/slow/rapid fall in… It is 20% lower/higher than… The number /rate has nearly doubled, as against that of last year. The number is …times as much as that of…. It increases/rises/decreases/reduces by… By comparison with…, it decreased/ increased/ fell from…to… 常用句型： Reasons ： The reason for…is that… One may think of the change as a result of… The change in… largely results from the fact that… There are several causes for this significant growth in… First,… Second,… 3. 第三段：展望未来或提出办法或建议。 常用的短语及句式： in a word; in short; generally speaking It’s clear from the ... that ... Based on the description above, we can draw the conclusion that ... In summary, it is important… From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that… Obviously, if we want to…, it is necessary… There is no doubt that attention must be paid… Recently, our class had a heated discussion on whether 主题 . Opinions vary from person to person/Opinions are divided among students. Some people think it necessary to 正方观点 . For one thing, 理由一 . For another, 理由二 ． On the other hand, others hold the opposite opinion. From their point of view, 反方理由一 . What's more, 理由二 ． In my opinion, I support/oppose that idea that 作文主题 , 理由 ． 一、利弊型 写作模板 Recently, a survey has been carried out in our school on whether 作文主题 . As can be seen from the result of the survey, opinions are divided. About 持有第一种观点的人数 . The reasons are as follows. First, 第一种理由 . Besides, 第二种理由 ． On the contrary, others say 他们的观点 . They think 第一种理由 . What's more, 第二种理由 ． As far as I'm concerned, we should 自己的观点 . Only in this way 美好前景预测 ． 二、观点对比型 Recently, a survey has been done to find out 主题 . As is shown in the pie chart ， 表中内容 1 , 表中内容 2 , 表中内容 3 and 表中内容 4 . In conclusion, the survey shows that 总体规律、趋势或呈现的问题 . Many factors contribute to the problem. One is that 原因之一 . Another is that 原因之二 . In my opinion, 自己的观点， 如何解决问题 ． 三、多图型 As is shown/indicated/illustrated by the figure/ percentage in the table (graph/pie chart), 题目议题 has been on rise (goes up/increases/drops/decreases). 具体数据 . Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that 结论 ． There are at least two reasons why this happened. On the one hand, 原因一 . On the other hand, 原因二 . In addition, 原因三 is also responsible for it. It is high time that we 倡议 . We should 解决问题的方法 . 四、数据变化型 The chart gives us an overall picture of the 主题 . The first thing we notice is that 最大特点 . This means that as 进一步说明 ． We can see from the statistics given that 细节一 . After 细节一中的第一变化 , the 紧跟着的变化 . The figures also tell us that 细节二 . 数据位置 (In the second column), we can see that 进一步描述 accounts for 问题 ． Judging from these figures, we can draw the conclusion that 结论 . The reason for this, as far as I am concerned, is that 原因 . /It is high time that we 倡议 ． 太原最近计划修建地铁，这件事引发了人们的广泛争论。请根据所给信息写一篇英文报道，客观陈述人们的不同看法，并表明自己的观点。 注意： 1. 不要逐句翻译，可适当增加内容使行文连 贯； 2. 词数：不少于 120 。 范例分析 1 赞成观点 反对观点 1. 解决交通拥堵问题，方便市民生活。 2. 提供一种新的交通方式，促进环境保护。 1. 建设时间长，影响日常生活。 2. 投入资金过大，成本回收过慢。 你的观点 …… 第一步：审题目：确定体裁、人称及时态。 此表达体裁为 ___________________ 。 时态为 _______________________ 。 利弊分析类图表作文 一般现在时或一般将来时 第二步：列提纲：理清要点、分段落与层次 英语作文宜用 ______ 式。 四段 第一段：开门见山，引入话题：太原最近 计划修建地铁，这件事引发了人们 的广泛争论。 第二段：赞成者的观点及理由。 第三段：反对者的观点及理由。 第四段：陈述自己的观点。 1. 近来，人们对太原地铁是否应该修建发生争论。 It is argued whether the subway should be built in Taiyuan or not. Recently, people are having an argument on whether the subway should be built in Taiyuan or not. 第三步：翻译句子：营造亮点，增色文章。 2. 不同的人持有不同的观点。 Opinions vary from person to person. Different people have different opinions. Opinions on this issue can be listed as follows. 3. 有些人认为修建地铁是必要的。首先，修建地铁能够帮助解决交通问题，人们将会享有更便利的生活。 Some people think it necessary to build the subway. For one thing, building the subway can help solve traffic problems and people will enjoy a more convenient life. Some people hold the view that it’s necessary to build subway. Firstly, building the subway can help solve traffic problems, which is convenient to people’s life. Recently, people are having an argument on whether the subway should be built in Taiyuan or not. Opinions vary from person to person. Some people think it necessary to build the subway. For one thing, building the subway can help solve traffic problems and people will enjoy a more convenient life. For another, it provides a new means of transportation, which is environmentally friendly. 第四步：注重衔接：确保行文自然流畅。 One coin has two sides. On the other hand, others hold the opposite opinion. From their point of view, the long process of construction is bound to influence people’s daily life. What’s more, too much money will be spent building it, and it will take a long time to get the money back. Weighing the pros and cons, I support the idea that the subway should be built because not only will the environment be protected but also more space will be saved. 据一项调查显示，有 85.8% 的中学生说自己的字不好看，而他们又不想改善它，其理由有很大差别。请根据下图内容用英语写一篇短文，说明该现象并发表看法。 2 注意：词数 120 左右 ( 开头已给出，不计入总 词数 ) 。 Nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, more and more people are paying less and less attention to their handwriting. __________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________ 第一步：审题目：确定体裁、人称及时态。 此表达体裁为 ____________ 。 主题为学生不要改进书写的原因。 人称应为 ______ 人称； 时态为 _____________ 。 图表类作文 第三 一般现在时 第二步：列提纲：理清要点、分段落与 层次。 作文宜用 ______ 式。 三段 第一段应开门见山，提出问题。 第二段陈述学生不愿改进书写的理由。 第三段发表个人看法。 1. 根据最近的一项调查，大约 85.8% 的中学生 认为他们的字不好看。 A recent survey shows that about 85.8 percent of middle school students hold the idea that their handwriting is poor. According to a recent survey, about 85.8 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. 第三步：翻译句子：营造亮点，增色文章。 2. 由于各种各样的原因，许多学生不想改善书法。 For various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. It is for various reasons that a great many students are unwilling to improve their handwriting. 3. 51.5% 的学生认为他们只用电脑，因此没有必要浪费时间改进书法， 32.3% 的学生认为他们太忙了以至于没有时间练习。 51.5% of them think that there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting by using a computer and 32.3% believe that they have no time to practise because they are very busy. 51.5% of them think that they can just use a computer so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting and 32.3% believe that they are so busy with the study that they don’t have time to practise . 4. 漂亮整洁的书法是有益的，尤其对中学生来说。 It’s beneficial for students, especially for middle school students, to have beautiful and neat handwriting. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Nowadays, with the growing popularity of computers, more and more people are paying less and less attention to their handwriting. 第四步：注重衔接：确保行文自然流 畅。 According to a recent survey, about 85.8 percent of middle school students think that their handwriting is poor. Yet for various reasons, many students don’t want to improve their handwriting. 51.5 percent of them think that they can just use a computer, so there is no need to waste time improving their handwriting, and 32.3 percent believe that they are so busy with the study that they do not have time to practise. 10.9 percent think that practising handwriting is useless. The rest have other reasons. As the saying goes, writing style shows the man. Beautiful and neat handwriting is beneficial, especially for middle school students. Therefore, in my opinion, more emphasis should be placed on this aspect in future. 下图反映的是我校 2012 年与 2015 年学生健康状况调查的部分数据。请写一份 150 字左右的报告 , 反映我校近 3 年间学生健康状况的变化 , 分析其原因并提出相应的改进措施 ( 不少于 2 条 ). ( 开头已给出不计入总词数 .) 巩固练习 ■ 2015 ■ 2012 A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in the past three years. 第一步：审题目：确定体裁、人称及时态。 此表达体裁为 ____________ 。 主题为 2012 年与 2015 年学生健康状况调查， 人称应为 ______ 人称； 时态为 _______________________ 。 图表类作文 第三 一般现在时和一般过去时 第二步：列提纲：理清要点、 分析数据间的主要差异及趋势，然后描写（描写数据间变化及特征时，可采用分类式或对比式以支持主题，并阐明必要的理由）。 注意层次。 即 facts and reasons 作文宜用 _______ 式。 三段 第一段应开门见山，提出问题。 第二段数据分析与整合。 第三段分析原因、提出解决方案。 1. 2015 年，有 52.4% 的学生过胖，相比 2012 年上升了 16.4% 。 In 2015, 52.4% of the students are overweight, which has increased by 16.4% compared with that of 2012. And 52.4% of the students are overweight in 2015, with an increase by 16.4% compared with that of 2012. 第三步：翻译句子：营造亮点，增色文章。 2. 2012 年不到三分之一的学生精神方面有问 题，而在 2015 年，数字上升到 47.5% 。 In 2012, there were less than one third of the students who had mental problems while the number of it has increase to 47.5% in 2015. In 2012 less than one third of the students were mentally unhealthy but the number has gone up to 47.5% in 2015. 第四步：注重衔接：确保行文自然流畅。 A recent survey shows that the health of the students in our school has been going from bad to worse in the past three years. The number of nearsighted students has increased from 78.2% in 2010 to 92.5% in 2015. They have to wear glasses, which is not only inconvenient but also a great economic burden. And 52.4% of the students are overweight in 2015, with an increase of 16.4% compared with that of 2012. There were 80.5% students lacking sleep in 2012 and now nearly 10% more students can’t have enough sleep because they have more homework to do. In 2012 less than one third of the students were mentally unhealthy but the number has gone up to 47.5%. To improve students’ health, we call for less homework. Only in this way can students get plenty of sleep and meanwhile prevent themselves from being nearsighted. Poorer diets and exercise should also be paid attention to so that they won’t easily put on weight. With their heavy burdens removed, students can then keep in normal mental health.