专题24+完型填空——说明文+仿真测试-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

专题24+完型填空——说明文+仿真测试-2019年高考英语高频考点名师揭秘与仿真测试

‎ ‎ ‎1【浙江省杭州外国语学校2018届高三高考综合能力检测】‎ The aim of writing a letter of application is to help you to “sell” yourself.lt should state ___1___ the job you want, and should tell what your abilities are and what you have ___2___. It should be simple, human, personal and brief without ___3___ out any necessary fact.‎ In writing a letter of application, bear in mind that the things a possible employer is most ___4___ to want to know about are your qualifications, your achievements and your aims. The opening paragraph is perhaps the most important part. If the first few sentences fail to ___5___ the reader’s attention, the rest of the letter may not be ___6___ at all. Try to key your opening remarks to the needs or interests of the employer not to your own need or desire. For example, instead of beginning with “I saw your ___7___ in today’s paper.” you might say “I have made a careful study of your advertising during the past six months” or “I have made a survey in my neighborhood to find out how many housewives ___8___ your product and why they like it.”‎ Try to ___9___ generalities. Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now ‎___10___‎‎ ‎College graduates looking for their first positions often ask “What can I ___11___ in a letter? Employers want experience, which, naturally, no ___12___ has.” The answer is that everything you have ever done is ___13___‎ It is important to write a good strong closing for your letter.___14___ a specific request for an interview or give the possible employer something definite to do or expect. An excellent ___15___ is to enclose (内附) a stamped, self-addressed (写上自己地址的) envelope with your letter. That makes it easier for a possible employer to get in touch with you.‎ ‎1. A. clearly B. carefully C. obviously D. easily ‎2. A. found B. done C. known D. heard ‎3. A. sending B. taking C. leaving D. picking ‎4. A. probable B. possible C. likely D. able ‎5. A. pay B. win C. show D. fix ‎6. A. kept B. continued C. written D. read ‎7. A. advertisement B. report C. article D. introduction ‎8. A. change B. make C. sell D. use ‎9. A. avoid B. remember C. protect D. gain ‎10. A. losing B. applying C. preparing D. fitting ‎11. A. offer B. simply C. mean D. provide ‎12. A. worker B. beginner C. owner D. manager ‎13. A. success B. development C. practice D. experience ‎14. A. Make B. Ask C. State D. Get ‎15. A. result B. decision C. promise D. idea ‎ ‎【文章大意】‎ 这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍如何写好求职信。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎1. A。考查副词词义辨析。A.clearly清晰地；B．carefully仔细地；C．obviously显而易见地；D．easily容易地。根据常识推断，求职信应该清晰地陈述你想要的工作。 故选A 。‎ ‎2. B。考查动词词义辨析。A.found发现；B．done做；C．known知道；D．heard听见。求职信上应当写明你有什么能力和你做过什么。前面已说明your abilities，此处不选C、D。 故选B。‎ ‎3. C。考查动词词义辨析。A.sending派遣；B．taking那；取；C．leaving离开；D．picking挑选。求职信应当是简单地，通情达理的，个性化并简洁的，不不遗漏任何重要内容的。leave out表示“遗漏”，故选C。‎ ‎4. C。考查形容词词义辨析。A.probable很可能的；B．possible可能的；C．likely很可能的； D．able有能力的。写求职信时，记住一个潜在的雇主最可能想知道的事情是你的资历，成绩和目标。A、B不能用人做主语，be likely to do表示“可能会……”符合语境。故选C。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎7. A。考查名词词义辨析。A.advertisement广告；B．report报告； C．article文章；D．Introduction介绍。由下文提到的“your advertising”可知，此处指对方在报上刊登的招聘广告。故选A 。‎ ‎8. D。考查动词词义辨析。A.change改变；B．make使；让； C．sell卖； D．use使用。由下文提到的“your product and why they like it”可见与“使用”是相联系的，喜欢才会去用，用过才觉得喜欢。 故选D。‎ ‎9. A。考查动词词义辨析。A.avoid避免；B．remember记住； C．protect保护； D．gain获得。 由下文“Be clear about the kind of job for which you are now ___10___”可推断，说清楚你的需求，要避免笼统抽象。故选A。‎ ‎10. B。考查动词词义辨析。A.losing丢失；B．Applying申请；C．preparing准备；D．fitting安装。 apply for表示“申请”，既然是求职信，当然是为了“申请工作”。故选B 。‎ ‎11. D。考查动词词义辨析。A.offer提供；B．supply供应；C．mean意味着；D．provide提供。 句意：求职信中应该给对方提供什么信息呢？provide表示“(为……)提供”，offer 表示“(主动地)给”，不合文意。故选D。‎ ‎12. B。考查名词词义辨析。A.worker工人；B．beginner初学者；新手；C．owner主人；D．manager经理。由句子中提到的“experience”和“no”可推断，只有刚开始找工作的新手没有经验，故选B。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎2【2019版北师大英语必修二 模块综合测评】‎ Growing Roots When I was growing up,I had an old neighbour named Dr Gibbs.He didn’t look like any doctor I’d ___21___ known.When Dr Gibbs wasn’t ___22___ lives,he was planting trees.‎ The good doctor had some ___23___ theories on planting trees.He believed in “No pains,no gains.” He never ___24___ his new trees,which was ___25___ many people.Once I asked why.He ___26___ that watering plants spoiled them,and that if you water them,each following tree generation will ___27___ weaker and weaker.So you have to make things ___28___ for them.He ‎ talked about how watering trees could ___29___ shallow roots,and how trees that weren’t watered had to grow deep roots in ___30___ of water.I came to understand that he meant deep roots were to be ___31___.I planted a couple of trees and I took good care of them.Two years of ___32___ has resulted in trees that expect to be waited on hand and foot.Whenever a cold wind blows,they ___33___ and tremble their branches.Funny things about those trees of Dr Gibbs’.The lack of water seemed to ___34___ them in ways comfort and ease never could.‎ I used to ___35___ for my sons that their lives will be easy.But ___36___ I’ve been thinking that it’s time to ___37___ my prayer.I know my children are going to meet ___38___,and I’m praying they will be strong.The prayer for comfort is seldom met.What we need to do is to pray for deep roots,___39___ when the winds blow,we won’t be ___40___ away.‎ ‎21. A. even B. ever C. never D. hardly ‎22. A. valuing B. making C. enjoying D. saving ‎23. A. exciting B. dull C. interesting D. terrible ‎24. A. watered B. raised C. loved D. sheltered ‎25. A. against B. beyond C. within D. from ‎26. A. wondered B. answered C. doubted D. guessed ‎27. A. grow B. change C. appear D. show ‎28. A. harmful B. favourable C. tough D. wonderful ‎29. A. lead to B. result from C. put in D. care for ‎30. A. charge B. favour C. honour D. search ‎31. A. treasured B. challenged C. respected D. liked ‎32. A. education B. information C. preparation D. devotion ‎33. A. dance B. shake C. spread D. lift ‎34. A. harm B. raise C. benefit D. hurt ‎35. A. pray B. apply C. stand D. call ‎36. A. perfectly B. formally C. obviously D. lately ‎37. A. attend B. say C. change D. keep ‎38. A. hardships B. worries C. bosses D. jobs ‎39. A. or B. so C. and D. but ‎40. A. given B. sent C. broken D. swept ‎【文章大意】‎ 文章介绍了一位医生种树的新理论。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎21. B。副词辨析。A甚至；B曾经；C从未；D几乎不；根据句意：他不像我曾经认识的任何一个医生。‎ ‎22. D。动词辨析。由上文Dr. Gibbs和He didn't look like any doctor可知他是个医生，是来救人性命的。‎ ‎23. C。形容词辨析。由下文可知他对于种树有一些有趣的理论。‎ ‎24. A。上下文串联。由下文所介绍的他的种树的理论可知他从不给树浇水。‎ ‎25. B。介词辨析。beyond 介词，超过。由下文可知他的做法超过了其他人。‎ ‎26. B。动词辨析。由下文He answered可知作者问他为什么。‎ ‎27. A。动词辨析。根据句意：由上文的watering plants spoiled them和下文shallow roots可知，他认为给树浇水会使树木的根扎的很浅，所以会变得越来越弱。‎ ‎28. C。上下文串联。根据句意：由上文可知他认为应该使树的生长环境艰苦些，从而刺激树木生长的更好。‎ ‎29. A。短语辨析。make for 导致。根据上文他的理论和下文how trees that weren't watered had to grow deep roots可知给树浇水会导致根系很浅。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎3.【江苏省泰州中学2018届高三12月月考】‎ Electricity is such a part of our everyday lives and so much taken for granted nowadays ___16___ we rarely think twice when we switch on the light or turn on the TV set.‎ At night, roads are brightly lit, enabling people and ___17___ to move freely. Neon lighting used in advertising has become part of the ___18___ of every modern city.‎ In the home, many ___19___ devices are powered by electricity. ___20___ when we turn off the bedside lamp and are ___21___ asleep, electricity is working for us, ___22___ our refrigerators, heating our water, or keeping our rooms air-conditioned.‎ Every day, trains, buses and subways take us to and from work. We rarely ___23___ to consider why or how they run——___24___ something goes wrong.‎ In the summer of 1959, something ___25___ go wrong with the power-plant that provided New York with electricity. For a great many hours, life came almost to a ___26___,Trains refused to move and the people in them sat in the dark, ___27___ to do anything; lifts stopped working, so that ___28___ you were lucky enough not to be ___29___between two floors, you had the unpleasant task of finding your way down ___30___ of stairs. Famous streets like Broadway and Fifth Avenue in a(n) ___31___ became as gloomy and uninviting ___32___ the most remote back streets. People were afraid to leave their houses, ___33___ although the police had been ordered to ___34___ in case of emergency, they were just as confused and ___35___ as anybody else.‎ ‎16. A. that B. thus C. as D. so ‎17. A. car B. truck C. traffic D. pedestrians ‎18. A. appearance B. character C. distinction D. surface ‎19. A. money-saving B. time-saving C. energy-saving D. labor-saving ‎20. A. Only B. Rarely C. Even D. Frequently ‎21. A. fast B. quite C. closely D. quickly ‎22. A. moving B. starting C. repairing D. driving ‎23. A. trouble B. bother C. hesitate D. remember ‎24. A. when B. if C. until D. after ‎25. A. did B. would C. could D. should ‎26. A. pause B. terminal C. breakdown D. standstill ‎27. A. incompetent B. powerless C. hesitant D. helpless ‎28. A. although B. when C. as D. even if ‎29. A. trapped B. placed C. positioned D. locked ‎30. A. steps B. levels C. flights D. floors ‎31. A. time B. instant C. point D. minute ‎32. A. like B. than C. for D. as ‎33. A. for B. and C. but D. or ‎34. A. stand aside B. stand down C. stand by D. stand in ‎35. A. aimless B. helpless C. unfocused D. undecided ‎【文章大意】‎ 电是日常生活的一部分， 如今， 我们已经习以为常， 以至于开灯或开电视时很少仔细考虑电的问题。本文介绍关于电的使用问题。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎19. D。考查形容词。A. money-saving省钱的； B. time-saving 节省时间的； C. energy-saving 节能的； D. labor-saving节省劳动力的。句意为：在家里，很多节省劳动力的设备都是由电带动的。四个选项都是复合形容词，根据句意，此处填入 labour-saving 最合适。‎ ‎20. C。句意为：即使当我们关上床头灯，睡得很熟时，电仍然在为我们工作……。only 意为“只有”；rarely 意为 “少有地”；even 意为“即使”；frequently 意为“频繁地，屡次地”。根据句意，此处应填入 even。‎ ‎21. A。考查副词。A. fast 迅速地； B. quite 非常； C. closely 接近地；D. quickly很快地。fast asleep 为固定搭配，意为“睡得很熟的”，故答案为A。‎ ‎22. D。考查动词。move 意为“移动”；start 意为“启动”；repair 意为“修复”；drive 意为“驱动，使机器运转”。此处 的动词与 our refrigerators 连用，填入 driving 最合适，意为“使电冰箱正常运行”。‎ ‎23. B。考查动词。trouble to do sth. 麻烦做某事；bother to do sth. 意为 “费心做某事” ； hesitate to do sth.意为 “做某事犹豫不决” ； remember to do sth. 指“记得去做某事”。此处是说，我们费心思考它们为什么或如何运行，故答案为B。 ‎ ‎24. C。考查连词。A. when当---时候； B. if 如果； C. until 直到---为止； D. after在---‎ 之后。句意：直到这些交通工具出问题时，我们才会费心思考它们为什么或如何运行。前半句出现了 rarely，含否 定意义，与 until 搭配使用，意为“直到……才……”，故答案为C。‎ ‎25. A。考查助动词。句意为：1959 年的夏天，负责给纽约供电的发电厂真的出了问题。当句子中没有其他的助动词时，可以在 动词前使用助动词 do 表示对该动作的强调，助动词 do 随人称和时态而变化。因此，did 符合题意。‎ ‎26. D。考查名词。A. pause 暂停； B. terminal终点； C. breakdown故障； D. standstill停住。句意为： 许多小时过去了， 生活几乎停滞不前。 come to a standstill 是固定搭配， 意为 “停住， 停滞不前” 。故选D。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎29. A。 句意同上。trap 意为“困住，陷入困境”；place 意为“放置”；position 意为“把……放在适当的位置”；lock 意为“把……锁起来”。根据上下文意思，此处应该选A。 ‎ ‎30. C。考查名词。A. steps台阶； B. levels 水平； C. flights楼梯； D. floors地板。句意同上。a flight of stairs 是固定搭配，表示“（两个楼梯平台间的）一段楼梯”，本题中考查的是复数 形式，故答案为C。‎ ‎31. B。考查名词。A. time时间； B. instant 一会儿； C. point 要点； D. minute分钟。in an instant 是固定搭配，意为“瞬间，马上”，意思相当于 immediately，故答案为B。in a minute 意为“很快，马上”，一般用于将来时，不符合句意，故排除。 ‎ ‎32. D。考查固定结构。as…as…为固定搭配，表示“像……一样”，故答案为D。 ‎ ‎33. A。考查并列连词。句意为：人们害怕离开自己的房子，因为虽然警察被要求随时待命，以防突发事件，但他们也像其他人一样 疑惑和无助。for 表示原因，and 表示并列关系，but 表示转折，or 表示选择。结合上下文，此处填入 for 最合适。 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎35. B。句意同上。aimless 意为“漫无目的的”；helpless 意为“无助的”； unfocused 意为“目光茫然的”； undecided 意为“尚未决定的”。根据句意，此处应选B。‎ ‎4.【2016年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）】‎ Section A ‎ Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.‎ In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.‎ In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.‎ Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to ‎ reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.‎ A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.‎ Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65 of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.‎ ‎51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike ‎ ‎52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme ‎ ‎53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise ‎54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above ‎ ‎55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging ‎ ‎56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply ‎57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression ‎58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male ‎ ‎59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing ‎ ‎60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating ‎ ‎61. A. honored B. left C. crowded D. compared ‎62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally ‎ ‎63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure ‎64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene ‎65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness ‎【文章大意】‎ 本文是说明文，作者在第一段中提岀道格拉斯·麦克雷戈所提岀的人性假设理论中的ⅹ理论和Y 理论，并介绍了现代社会中一种新型管理理论：授权管理及其作用。‎ ‎【答案与解析】‎ ‎ ‎ ‎52. A。考查上下文串联。短语to the contrary相反的；to the degree在某种程度上；to the extreme走向极端；在文章第一段中提到了X理论，大多数人都缺乏进取心和责任心，不愿对人和事负责，没有什么雄心壮志，不喜欢负责任，宁可被领导。而Y理论认为大多数人愿意对工作、对他人负责，人们愿意实行自我管理和自我控制来完成应当完成的目标。这是两种完全相反的理论，尽管对于这两种完全相反的理论有很多的证据，很多管理人仍然同意X理论。故A正确。‎ ‎53. B。考查上下文串联。本句中for example表示举例说明；这些管理人仍然同意X理论，例如他们认为如果要员工效率高，就需要给与他们不断的监督。这属于X理论的举例说明。故B正确。‎ ‎54.D。考查上下文串联。根据后句“...makes for authoritarian managers....”可知这属于专制的管理方法，他们的决定是来自上而下的，没有任何商量的余地。故D项“above上面的”正确。‎ ‎55. C。考查上下文串联。根据前段可知本文讨论的管理学的理论,使用本句使用动词 manage管理”,不同的 文化中有不同的管理人的方法。而且和下文中亚洲、西方的管理方法形成呼应。故C正确。‎ ‎56. B。考查动词短语辨析。短语 refer to提到,谈到; contribute to做贡献;导致; object to反对; apply to适用于;亚洲人使用的是协商式的管理方法,所有人都被要求对管理的过程做出自己的贡献。故B正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎59. A。考查上下文串联。根据前句“... encourage employees to use their own initiative...鼓励员工使用自己的首创精神”，也就是说在做出决定的时候不要请示上级经理，自己做出决定即可。故A项正确。‎ ‎60. C。考查上下文串联。根据前句“the trend towards downsizing缩小规模的趋势”，也就是要减少管理层的数量，可以直接做出决定而不需要请示上级。故动词“reduce减少”符合上下文串联。‎ ‎61. B。考查短语辨析辨析。动词be honored with被授予；be left with留下，剩下；be crowded with挤满；be compared with与..相比；通过这种方法，公司只剩下高层管理者和前线的与公众直接联系的一线管理人。省略了很多中央环节，提高了管理的效益。故B正确。‎ ‎62. B。考查副词辨析。副词economically经济地；traditionally传统地；inadequately不充分地；occasionally偶尔地；根据后句“Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management...”可知授权管理是一个新型的管理方法，与传统的管理模式不一样。故B正确。‎ ‎63. D。考查动词辨析。动词deny否认；admit承认；assume假定，设想；ensure保证，确保；授权管理是一种新型的管理方法，省略了中央管理环节，保证了整个商业计划被采用。根据句意可知D正确。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎