2020届二轮复习六步解读阅读理解中文中人物或组织的观点态度

2020届二轮复习六步解读阅读理解中文中人物或组织的观点态度

‎2020届二轮复习六步解读阅读理解中文中人物或组织的观点态度 ‎——观点态度题6注意 ‎　　观点态度题是高考英语阅读常考的一种题型，也是考生很容易失分的一种题型。这种题型有时问作者对某事持什么态度，有时问他人对某事持什么态度。所以大家解答这类题型时，思维一定要清晰，要注意看这道题是说谁的态度，关于哪一个话题，在文章中是怎样表现的。‎ 一、注意事项 ‎1.根据文章主题句来判断。文章的中心思想与作者的观点态度是密切相关的，而文章的主题句又反映了文章的中心思想，因此，可通过文章的主题句来判断作者的观点态度。‎ ‎2.注意不要将个人的好恶态度糅进题中，要学会分清作者本人的态度和作者引用观点的态度。‎ ‎3.要学会根据作者语言的褒贬去判断作者的态度。注意句中带有感情色彩的副词：如wonderfully，successfully，unfortunately，doubtfully等。‎ ‎4.一般来说，作者的态度不可能是漠不关心的，因此见到indifferent，uninterested通常可以排除。‎ ‎5.作者的态度常常在转折词后表明出来，所以见到but就要提高警惕(还有类似的yet，however，although，nevertheless等)。‎ ‎6.可以通过作者所举的例子，来判断文章作者的态度倾向。作者论证某观点时，给的例子是正面的，就可以判断作者的态度是积极乐观的；如果作者的论述有好有坏，举例有正面有反面，基本可以判断作者的态度是客观的。‎ 二、感情色彩常用词归纳 ‎1.表示贬义的常用词：negative，critical，ambiguous，disapproving，doubtful等。‎ ‎2.表示褒义的常用词：positive，support，favorable，sympathetic，helpful，cautious，enthusiastic，admiring等。‎ ‎3.表示中立的常用词：indifferent，neutral，objective等。‎ ‎[示例]　(2018·浙江卷阅读C)‎ Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.“The ability to design，build and export green technologies for producing clean water，clean air and healthy and abundant food is going to be the currency of power in the new century.”‎ ‎30.What is Friedman’s attitude towards America’s future?‎ A.Ambiguous. B.Doubtful.‎ C.Hopeful. D.Tolerant.‎ 分析：根据最后一段第一句“Friedman points out that the green economy (经济) is a chance to keep American strength.”可知，Friedman 认为绿色经济是使美国保持实力的一个机遇。由此可知，他对美国的未来充满了希望。故选C项。‎ ‎【即时训练】　‎ A ‎(2019·绵阳一诊)Artificial intelligence(AI) technology may soon be a useful tool for doctors.It may help them better understand and treat diseases like liver cancer in ways that were never before possible.‎ Rishi Rawat，who teaches AI at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles，is part of a team of scientists researching how AI and machine learning can more easily recognize cancerous growths in the liver.Rawat provides information about cancer cells to a computer.He says，“You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns and the pattern recognition that’s important for making decisions.”‎ David Agus is another researcher.He believes that machines are not going to take the place of doctors.“Computers will not treat patients，but they will help make certain decisions and look for things that the human brain can’t recognize by itself.”‎ Once a confirmed cancerous growth is removed，doctors still have to treat the patient to reduce the risk of cancer returning.The form of treatment depends on the kind of cancer.Nowadays，researchers take a thin piece of tissue(组织)，put it on a small piece of glass and add color to see the cells better.That process could take days or even longer.Scientists say artificial intelligence can do something better than just count cells.Through machine learning，it can recognize complex patterns or structures，and learn how the cells are organized.‎ The hope is that machines will soon be able to make a quick identification of cancer that is free of human mistakes.Agus says the process could be done for almost no cost in the developing world and that having a large amount of information about patients is important for a machine to effectively do its job in medicine.‎ The researchers of the university are now only studying liver cancer.But doctors predict artificial intelligence will one day make a difference in all forms of cancer.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　人工智能有望帮助医生诊断和治疗癌症。‎ ‎1.What can AI do with the help of the information provided by the researchers?‎ A.Recognize cancer patterns.‎ B.Treat liver cancer.‎ C.Collect useful information.‎ D.Store cancerous cells.‎ 答案　A　[细节理解题。根据第二段中的“He says，‘You can put the data into them and they will learn the patterns...making decisions.’”可知，人工智能可以根据对其输入的数据来学习该模式，并进行癌症模式的识别。]‎ ‎2.What can we learn about AI?‎ A.It will be able to replace doctors.‎ B.Patients are unlikely to be cancerous again with its help.‎ C.It is making a difference in taking care of patients.‎ D.It can recognize cancer more accurately.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Through machine learning...are organized”可知，人工智能可以识别一些复杂的模式或结构，同时了解细胞是如何组成的。由此可推知，人工智能可以更精确地识别癌症。]‎ ‎3.What’s the author’s attitude towards the future of AI?‎ A.Optimistic. B.Doubtful.‎ C.Curious. D.Cold.‎ 答案　A　[观点态度题。根据文章最后两段的内容可知，人工智能将很快能够快速识别癌症，并且将应用到各种癌症之中。由此可推知，作者对人工智能的未来持乐观的态度。]‎ ‎4.What is the best title for the text?‎ A.AI Is Used to Treat Cancers B.AI May Compete with Doctors C.AI May Make Doctors Better D.AI Is Better at Curing Cancers 答案　C　[标题判断题。根据对文章的整体理解可推知，人工智能作为一种工具可以帮助医生更好地诊断和治疗癌症。]‎ B ‎(2019·西安五校联考)On US TV shows，you may sometimes see rubber balls on people’s desks.These balls are known as “stress relief balls”.People can squeeze them when they feel stressed out.It’s believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing，they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies.‎ ‎“We don’t all get the big，sunny corner office，the comfortable chair，or four weeks of vacation at work.A focused activity helps take your mind off the problems of your day，” wrote Joseph Shrand，a professor at Harvard University，in his book Manage Your Stress.‎ Indeed，stress is a big problem for many people.Fortunately，we have many ways to deal with it.In fact，the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China.Back in the Han dynasty(BC 202-AD 220)，soldiers used walnuts(核桃) to get rid of stress.By squeezing them during moments of anxiety，soldiers were able to calm themselves down before going into battle.In the Ming dynasty(AD 1368-1644)，people started rolling the walnuts in their hands.Ordinary citizens—not just soldiers—developed the habit of rolling two walnuts，or balls made from iron or stone，around in their hands.This helped them relax as well.‎ And today，we have many gadgets(小器具) and toys that are designed to reduce stress in addition to stress relief balls.One example is the popular fidget spinner，which keeps your hand busy with an easy task—spinning the gadget around.There’s also the fidget cube，which features different “gimmicks”(花招) on each side of the cube.You can click，spin，pull，push and roll different parts of the cube.‎ These gadgets may look like simple toys，but perhaps we should take them more ‎ seriously than they are given credit for.“After all，the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping，” reporter Nadia Berenstein wrote for Woolly magazine.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了减压球的历史和传承。‎ ‎5.Why do people squeeze rubber balls on US TV shows?‎ A.To attract the audience’s attention.‎ B.To kill time when they are bored.‎ C.To relieve the negative emotions.‎ D.To concentrate themselves on something.‎ 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第一段尾句“It’s believed that by concentrating on the act of squeezing，they can let go of the negative energy in their bodies”可知，通过集中注意力于挤压这个动作，人们可以释放体内的负能量，故C项正确。]‎ ‎6.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A.The history of the Han dynasty.‎ B.The history of rolling walnuts.‎ C.The materials of rolling balls.‎ D.The differences between China and US.‎ 答案　B　[段落大意题。通读第三段可知，该段第三句“In fact，the rubber stress relief balls that are so popular today in the US are believed to date back to ancient China”为该段的主题句，结合该段介绍的汉朝和明朝人们使用核桃减压的历史可知，该段主要介绍了人们通过滚动核桃来减压的历史，故B项正确。]‎ ‎7.What is Nadia Berenstein’s attitude to the function of the stress ball?‎ A.Doubtful. B.Unconcerned.‎ C.Objective. D.Negative.‎ 答案　C　[观点态度题。根据尾段第一句“These gadgets may look like simple toys，but perhaps we should take them more seriously than they are given credit for”可知，这些小器具可能看起来像简单的玩具，但也许我们应该更认真地对待它们；结合该段Nadia Berenstein所说的话“After all，the history of stress balls is a history of modern-day coping”可推知，Nadia ‎ Berenstein对减压球的态度是客观的，故C项正确。]‎