2013届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(三)

2013届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义(三)

2013 届高考英语一轮常用结构汇总复习讲义（三） 1：besides, except, except for, except that (1)except 将一个或几个人或物从同一类或普通的种类中除外，意为“除……之外”，指“不 包括……”。其后可接名词、代词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或 wh-从句。except 和 but 都表示“除了……之外。没有”，二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在 no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等词后多用 but。 (2)except for 说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正，后接名词。 (3)except that 的用法基本同 except for，但其后必须句子。它用来表示理由或细节，修下前面 所说的情况。 Everybody except John was able to answer the question. 除了约翰之外,每个人都回答出了问题。 The room is empty except for a broken chair. (前后的名词不同类) 这个房间空空的,只不过有把破椅子。 I know nothing about him except that he is from Japan. 我对他一无所知,只是知道他来自日本。 She goes to school by bike except when it rains. 她骑自行车去上学,除了下雨时不骑。 (4)besides: (prep.) “除…之外还有”， besides 意为“除……之外，尚有……或外加……” 句中常含有 more/another/else 等暗示词。 Besides tennis, he also plays basketball and football. 除了网球之外，他还打篮球和踢足球。 I have three other dictionaries besides this one. 除了这本词典，我还有三本别的词典。 (5)in addition to 除…之外还有,等于 besides 做介词的用法。 In addition to French, he has to study Japanese. 除了法语外,他还得学日语。 （7)apart from：apart from:其含义主要依据上下文而定，有时可与 except 换用，有时可代替 besides. Apart from the coat, the hat doesn't suit me. 除价钱太贵，这帽子也不适合我戴。 Apart from a few scratches, the car was undamaged. 除了几处刮痕外，汽车没有什么损坏 注意： (1)besides: (adv.) 此外，而且 I haven’t time to see the film-----besides, it’s had dreadful reviews. 我没有时间去看这部影片，再说，影评也诸多贬斥。 I am too busy to go for a walk; besides, it is late. 我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。 (2)but 和 except 做“除了”讲时如果前面有 do 的适当形式,but 和 except 后面的不定式不带 to；如果没有 do 的适当形式，but 和 except 后面的不定式带 to。 He could do nothing except walk home.(except 前若有实义动词 do,则后面接不带 to 的不定式) 他只好走着回家了 =He had no choice but to walk home.( except 前若没有实义动词 do,则后面接带 to 的不定式) (3) in addition=besides 此外，而且 They eat a great deal of fruit in addition. 他们还吃大量的水果。 I am too busy to go for a walk; in addition, it is late. 我太忙不去散步了，而且时候已晚了。 强化练习 1.Snow was falling when they went along a mountain path ___ to the front. A. to lead B. led C. leading D. being led 变式 1. They set up an ____ table in a small temple to operate on the ___ soldiers.’ A. operating ;wounded B. Operated ;wounding C. operated ;/wounded D. operating ;wounding 变式 2. Betty, still ______ excited, took away the box ______ with birthday presents for her. A. looked; filled B. looked; filling C. looking; filled D. looking; filling 变式 3. This is an early church, ______ from the ninth century, which was rebuilt under the direction of San. Carlo Borromeo. A. dated B. being dated C. dating D. dates 变式 4. The problem ______ now must be kept secret A. being discussed B. discussed C. to be discussed D. having been discussed 解析:1. 据题意提干前有一个名词 path，其后是介词组 to the front ，即要求一个现在分词和 to the front 连成现在分词短语修饰名词 path 作定语，path 名词虽表示物不能使用过去分词， 是小路本身延伸到前线的，所以选Ｃ。 变式 1.据题意在第一个提干里应使用动名词作 tale 的名词的定语，修饰 table; 说明战士是被 枪击伤的即受伤的士兵，表被动完成的动作，所以选Ａ。 变式 2.look 是系动词没有被动语态， Betty 与 look 之间是主动关系所以要用现在分词做 定语。Wound 与 soldiers 之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用过 去分词做定语。 变式 3.church 与 date from 之间是主动关系，所以要用现在分词做定语。 变式 4.the problem 与 discuss 之间是被动和动作已经完成的关系所以要用 being discussed。 总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道分词做定语的用法可以灵活设题是高考重要的考察 点。 2. With a lot of different problems _______, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled 变式 1. ______ time going on, the old man’s friends died off. A. As B. With C. For D. As with 变式 2. ______time went on, the old man’s friends died off. A. As B. With C. For D. As with 变式 3. The famous scientist died of heart attack ______ the experiment left undone. A. with B. for C. because D. because of 解析: 该题考查 with+名词/代词+不定式，其中不定式表示将要发生的动作。由此可知答案 C 变式 1. 该题考查 with+名词/代词+现在分词这一结构中介词 with 的运用。不能选 as 因为 as 要引导时间状语从句。 变式 2. 该题考查 as 引导时间状语从句 “as”可以译为“随着” 变式 3. 该题考查 with+名词/代词+过去分词这一结构中介词 with 的运用。该结构在本句中 做状语表示伴随。 总结：通过对以上例题的分析可以知道对“with 复合结构”的考查集中在两个方面：一是考 查宾补的适当形式；二是考查介词 with。该知识点仍旧是命题的重点。 3. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, _______ no conclusion. A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching 变式 1.He went abroad in 1998,never _____. A. returning B. to return C. returned D. having returned 变式 2. The discussion, filled with arguments, lasted two days, with no conclusion_____. A. reached B. would reach C. to reach D. reaching 解析:2. B、C 是谓语动词，在此不可用。D 项 to make 或表目的，或表“将要使得”，这都不 合题干情景。只有 A. making,可作状语，表结果。D 变式 1. 该句意思是“他在 1998 年出国了，结果再也没有回来。”由此可知要用不定式 做状语表结果，指出人意料的结果，强调意想不到。 变式 2. 该题是考查“with+名词/代词+过去分词”做状语表结果。Conclusion 与 reach 之间是被动关系，并且动作已经发生。 总结：以上题例表明“现在分词做状语表结果与不定式做状语表结果”的区别是一个很重要 的知识点。结果发生的偶然性与否是掌握这一知识的关键。 4. There was no one in the bus _____ a dog. A. except B. besides C. but D. except for 变式 1. The weather is bad; _______，I have no money on me. A. except B. besides C. but D. except for 变式 2 Five more students passed the exam_____ Tom. A. in addition B. besides C. but D. except for 变式 3. ————the people on the list, many more people will attend the party. A. In addition to B. Except for C. But D. Except 解析：4. except for 说明整个基本情况后，对细节加以纠正。 答案： D 变式 1. besides 可以做副词意思是“ 此外，而且”表示并列关系。答案：B 变式2. besides: (prep.) “除…之外还有”， besides意为“除……之外，尚有……或外加……” 句中常含有 more/another/else 等暗示词。答案：B 变式 3. 该题意思是“除了名单上的人之外还有很多人要参加这次舞会”。in addition to 除… 之外还有,等于 besides 做介词的用法。答案：A 总结：以上以上题例表明“besides, except, except for, except that”的区别是一个很重要的知 识点在掌握该知识点时一定要体会出是指“排除”或是指“包含”等方面的用法。 5．You can’t imagine what difficulty/trouble we had ____ home in the snowstorm. A. walked B. walk C. to walk D. walking 变式 1. Do you have any difficulty _____ your work? A. in B. on C. with D. for 变式 2. Thank you for the trouble you have taken _____ me with my English.. A. to help B. helping C. help D helped 解析：5. we had ____ home in the snowstorm 是定语从句, had 的宾语是省略的关系代词， 恢复后可以看出是考查“have (some) difficulty (in) doing sth.”这一知识点的。答案：D 变式 1. 考查“have (some) difficulty with sth.” 这一知识点。答案：C 变式 2. you have taken _____ me with my English 是定语从句, have taken 的宾语是省略的关 系代词，恢复后可以看出是考查“take trouble to do sth.”这一知识点的。答案：A 总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道与 difficulty 相关的短语的用法是高考重要的考察点， 可以据此灵活设题。 6. I push the window hard but it _____close. A. won’t B. can’t C. shall not D. mustn’t 变式 1. If you _____ listen to me, you _____ get a new bike. A. will ; will B. shall ; will C. shall ; shall D. will ; shall 变式 2. “What can I do for you?” “ My radio _____ work.” A. won’t B. can’t C. doesn’t D. mustn’t 解析：6. 考查 will 表示现在的意愿，有拟人化的修辞手法在内。答案 A 变式 1.第一个空格是“will 可以表示意愿这时可以用于条件状语从句中”；第二个空格是 shall 表示“承诺”的用法。答案：D 变式 2. doesn’t do 表示客观陈述，不包含任何感情色彩。答案：C 7. _____ the news, so far, has been good, there may be days ahead when it is bad. A. While B. When C. As D. Since 变式 1. you have got your license, why not drive the car yourself? A．Ever since B．Now that C．Even though D．As long as 变式 2.--The vase cost me almost 100 yuan. --Well, it was crazy of you to spend so much money __ you could buy a much cheaper one. A. while B. if C. because D. when 解析：7. 考查 while 用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句，意为“although…”答案：A 变式 1.now that =since =now 都可以引导从句译为“既然”，主从句之间是因果关系。答案： B. 变式 2. 考查 when 用作从属连词, 引导让步状语从句, 意为“既然”答案 D 总结：通过对以上习题的分析可以知道 while，now that =since =now，when 这三个词是意思 相近但用法不同的非常重要的词语。 自测试题 1.____ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 2.This is not a match. We're playing chess just for ____. A. habit B. hobby C. fun D. game 3. I can hardly imagine Mr. Wang ___across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 4.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was ____ to carry all the way home. A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 5. Most of the men _________ to the party were from town A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. had been invited 解析: 1.本句 compare 用在句首作状语，并有“被比较”的意思。答案为 D 2. for fun 常在句中用作状语，意思是“说／做着玩的”。 答案为 C 3. imagine 后接动词的-ing 形式，本句的 Mr. Wang 是这个动名词的逻辑主语答案为 C 4. much too+形容词或副词 .答案 A 5. 此处考查过去分词作定语表示被动和完成了的动作。答案 A