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2020-2021年高三英语一轮复习易错题《情态动词和虚拟语气》
2020-2021 年高三英语一轮复习易错题《情态动词和虚拟语气》 易错题:情态动词基本用法 1.(2020·天津卷)Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A. must B. can C. need D. should 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。 【问诊】考查情态动词。句意:吉姆说我们可以住在他的房子里,只要我们保持它干净整洁。 A. must 必须;B. can 能,可以;C. need 需要;D. should 应该。根据后面的“as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知,Jim 许可我们待在他的房子里,即:我们”能,可以”待在他的房子里。 故选 B。 【答案】 B 【叮嘱】 情态动词的基本用法 (1)can/could ①表能力、请求、可能性(表示可能性用于否定句及疑问句中);②相关的特殊句型有:can not ... too .../enough(再怎么……也不过分)、 can't help but do(不得不做……)、 can't wait to do sth.(迫 不及待地做某事)。 (2)may/might ①表较小的可能性;②表示请求许可以及祝愿。相关句型或搭配:may/might as well do 表示 “还是……好;最好……”;may well do 表示“很可能”;③may 可以用来表示祝愿,用“may +主语+动词原形”结构。 May you succeed.祝你成功。 (3)must ①表示非常肯定的推测;②表“偏要;非要……不可”;③mustn't 意为“禁止”,表示“不必” 应用 needn't。 (4)shall 的用法 ①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中,表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等,语气强于 should;②用于 第一、三人称的疑问句中,表示征询意见,肯定回答应用 must,否定回答应用 needn't 或 don't have to。 (5)should/ought to ①should 表责任、义务、劝告、建议等,意为“应该”,还可表出乎意料的语气,意为“竟然”; ②ought to 表义务或责任,意为“应该”。 (6)will/would ①表意志或意愿;②表事物的某种性质和倾向,或“按规律”“注定会”;③表示习惯,will 可 以表示现在的习惯,意为“总是;习惯于”。表示过去的习惯性动作用 would。 (7)need 和 dare need“需要”和 dare“敢”,主要用于否定句、疑问句和条件状语从句中。 变式练习 1.The only thing that I ________ do was that I wished her a long life. 答案与解析 could 根据语境“唯一能做的事”及从句中的 wished 可知,该空填情态动词 could。 2.It can give us energy and making us happy.________ 答案与解析 making→make 情态动词之后应接动词原形构成谓语,故 making 改为 make。 3.Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last.________ 答案与解析 must→could 根据语境“我能够让我的玩具更耐用”及 found 可知,应用 could。 must 表“必须”。 4.So real friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.________ 答案与解析 should 后加 be 情态动词之后不能直接接形容词或名词,应与系动词 be 构成 复合谓语。 易错题:情态动词表推测的用法 【2018·北京】In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company. A. need B. should C. can D. must 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。 【问诊】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重 的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态 动词 can。C 选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need 需要;should 应该,竟然;must 必须,肯定。 【答案】C 【叮嘱】 must 肯定句 一般时、进行时、完 成时 一定;肯定 Jack described his father, who must have been a brave boy many years ago, as a strong-willed man. can (could) 疑问句,否定句 一般时、进行时、完 成时 可能,能够 It can't be the postman at the door. It's only six o'clock. may 肯定句、否定句 一般时、进行时、完 也许,可能 (might) 成时 —I left my handbag on the train, but luckily someone gave it to a railway official. —How unbelievable to get it back! I mean, someone might have stolen it. Should (ought to) 肯定句、否定句 一般时、完成时 确定或期待,应该 I shouldn't have watched that movie—it'll give me horrible dreams. 变式练习 1.(2018·天津高考)I can't find my purse. I might ________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure. 答案与解析 have left 根据句中时间状语yesterday可知该处是对过去事实的假设,应用“情 态动词的过去式+have done”,设空前已有 might,故填 have left。 2.(2017·北京高考)Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the top shelf. 答案与解析 can 句意:塞缪尔,我们班最高的男生,能很轻松地够着书架顶层的书。根 据语境可知,此处表示“能力”,应用 can。 3.You ________ not have waken me up. I don't have to go to work today. 答案与解析 need 根据语境“今天不上班”可知,语境表达“没必要叫醒我”,故填 need。 易错题:虚拟语气 (2020·江苏卷)If I hadn’t been faced with so many barriers, I _____where I am. A. won’t be B. wouldn’t have been C. wouldn’t be D. shouldn’t have been 【警示】本题容易出错的主要原因是句子结构分析不清楚。 【问诊】考查虚拟语气。句意:如果我没有面对那么多的障碍,我现在就不会在这里。分析 句子成分可知,此处是错综时间虚拟语气,根据空后 where I am 可知,此处是与现在事实相 反的假设,主句谓语动词应使用 would/could/might/should+do。故选 C。 【答案】C 【叮嘱】 1.if 条件句中的虚拟语气 if 条件从句 从句的谓语形式 主句的谓语形式 表示现 在情况 动词过去式(be 的过去式用 were) should/would/could/might+动 词原形 表示过 去情况 had+过去分词 should/would/could/might+ have+过去分词 表示将 来情况 should+动词原形 should/would/could/might+动 词原形 动词过去式 were to+动词原形 ·If I had enough money, I would buy myself a computer first of all. 如果我有足够的钱,我首先要为自己买一台电脑。 [提示] (1)if 引导的非真实条件句中如果出现 should、were 或 had,可以把 if 省略,把 should、 were 或 had 提到句首,其他语序不变。 (2)当 if 条件句中主、从句表示的动作或行为所发生的时间不一致时,称为错综时间条件句, 这时动词的形式应根据动词所指的时间进行调整。 (3)有时假设的情况并不用条件句表现出来,而是暗含在上下文中,比如通过 without、 or、 otherwise、 but for 等词或短语来表示。 2.should+do ...结构的虚拟语气 一些表示命令、要求、请求、建议的动词,后面接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用“should+动 词原形”,should 可以省略,但不能换成其他的情态动词,常见的这类动词有:order、 command、 require、 request、 demand、 advise、 suggest (建议)、 propose、 recommend、 insist (坚持,坚决要求)等;以上这些动词以及其所对应的名词在涉及主语从句、表语从句和 同位语从句时,从句谓语也要用“should+动词原形”来表示,同样,should 可以省略,但不 能换成其他的情态动词。 ·Your suggestion that the door (should) be shut when we leave is reasonable. 你的那个当我们离开的时候应该关上门的建议是合理的。 3.wish 后面接宾语从句时,从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反时,谓语用过去 式;与过去事实相反时,谓语用过去完成时;与将来事实相反时,谓语用“could/would/might +动词原形”。 ·I wish I had told him the way to the supermarket. 我真希望我已经告诉了他到超市的路线。 4.would rather“宁愿……”后接宾语从句时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。与现在或将来事实相 反,谓语动词用一般过去时;与过去事实相反,谓语动词用过去完成时。 5.It is (high/about) time (that) ...意为“是……的时候了”,that 从句谓语要用虚拟语气。从句 谓语的形式有两种:一种是用一般过去时;另一种是用“should+动词原形”,需要注意的是, 这里的 should 不能省略。 ·It's high time that we got/should get down to working. 该我们着手工作的时候了。 6.if only 从句中的虚拟语气 if only 引导的感叹句,其虚拟语气的结构与 wish 后接宾语从句中的虚拟语气的结构相同。 7.as if、 as though 引导的表语从句和方式状语从句中常用虚拟语气,与现在事实相反用一 般过去时;与过去事实相反用过去完成时。 ·It seems as though it were spring already. 看起来好像已经是春天了一样。(事实上不是) 变式练习 1.There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I _______ (have) a second chance to become more involved. 答案与解析 had 句意:在这个村里有很好的社交生活,我希望我有机会去更多地参与其 中。wish 引导的宾语从句,表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时,故填 had。 2.If the new safety system ________ (put) to use, the accident would never have happened. 答案与解析 had been put 句意:如果新的安全系统投入使用,这个事故就不会发生了。 根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,故从句用 had done 形式,从句主语 system 与 put to use 是被动关系,故用 had been put。 易错题通关 Ⅰ. 单句语法填空 1.The only thing that I__could__do was that I wished her a long life. 解析:句意:我唯一能做的事情是希望她能长寿。所填词表示能力,此处要表达我唯一“能” 做的,而且根据 wished 判断句子应该用一般过去时,所以填 could。 2.Since you have such good preparations, there__should__not be any problem about passing the coming job interview. 解析:句意:既然你准备得很充分,通过即将到来的工作面试应该没问题。根据 since 提供 的原因“准备充分”可以判断出,此处表示“按理说应该发生”的,故本空填情态动词 should。 3.It has been accepted that all the students__shall__put on masks before going to school in case they are infected with flu virus. 解析:句意:为防止学生感染流感病毒,学生们在进校前要戴上口罩,这一点大家都已接受。 在第三人称作主语的陈述句中,表示规定、规则,用 shall。 4.Now I__would__like to ask you to look at some photographs if you don't mind. 解析:句意:如果你愿意的话,现在我想让你看一些照片。I would like to do...是固定句式, 意为“我想做……”。 5.Anyone__can__be in a rough life time,whether he is“Bai Fumei”or“Gao Fushuai”. 解析:句意:任何人都会有困难的时候,无论他是“白富美”还是“高富帅”。此处是情态动词 用于陈述句中,表示“一时的情况”,故用情态动词 can。 6.__Were__(be) there no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. 解析:句意:如果没有现代通信手段,我们需要等待数周才能获得来自世界各地的新闻。由 句意和主句中的“would+动词原形”可知,逗号前是一个表示与现在事实相反的从句,应为 if there were...。此处条件句中的 if 省略,把 were 提到主语前,故填 Were。 7.We would rather our daughter__stayed__(stay) at home with us, but it is her choice, and she is not a child any longer. 解析:句意:我们宁愿让女儿和我们一起待在家里,可那是她的选择,而且她也不再是个孩 子了。would rather 后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,用一般过去时表示与现在或将来相反的事 实。 8.It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I__had_done__(do) it? 解析:句意:是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么以好像是我打破了的语气对我说话?as if 引导的 状语从句中,谓语动词与 wish 引导的宾语从句的虚拟语气形式相同。结合语境可知,此处 表示对过去的虚拟,填 had done。 9.—What a slow bus this is! —Yes, we__may/might__just as well walk. 解析:may/might as well 不妨……。 10.I still remember my happy childhood when my mother__would__(will) take me to Disneyland at weekends. 解析:句意:我仍然记得我的幸福童年,那时我母亲总会在周末带我去迪士尼乐园。would 表示过去的一种习惯。 Ⅱ. 语法填空 在空白处填入适当的内容(1 个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。 Drunk driving, a major concern currently, is not a funny thing, __1. which__ has killed many people and ruined the lives of many others. At present, traffic accidents become“the world's first harm”. Two months ago, after __2. drinking__(drink) a lot of alcohol, my friend's uncle drove his car home. He was __3. heavily__(heavy) drunk, but he still drove home by himself. On the road near his home, an old lady was going across the road, __4. but__ his uncle didn't notice her and he was still moving on under the influence of alcohol. And __5. the__ old lady didn't see his uncle, either. In the end, the lady died. __6. Had__ it not been for his uncle's drunkenness, the terrible accident would not have happened. If the lady __7. hadn't_died__(die), she would live a happy life with her daughters and sons. And his uncle's home was also destroyed by his uncle. Therefore, two __8. families__(family) were destroyed. I wish more people __9. could__(can) realize the seriousness of drunk driving and obey the traffic regulations faithfully. Always remember: refuse __10. to_drink__(drink) and drive, and give a safe world to you and me! 解析: 1.thing 后是非限制性定语从句,引导词在从句中作主语,故填 which。 2.after 在此是介词,后跟动名词。 3.修饰 was drunk 用副词。 4.由 didn't notice 判断,该空所用词表示转折,故填 but。 5.特指上文提到的 lady,故填定冠词。 6.根据主句中的 would not have happened 判断,逗号前面是一个虚拟语气的条件句,句子 的谓语应用 had done 形式;但是因为省略了 if,所以要把 had 提前到句首,由此可判断出该 空填 Had。 7.if 引导的是一个与过去事实相反的虚拟语气句子,故应用过去完成时,填 hadn't died。 8.集体名词 family 在此是被看作整体,此处指“两个家庭”,应用其复数形式 families。 9.wish 后的从句用虚拟语气,此处表示与现在事实相反的情况,所以填 could。 10.refuse 后用动词不定式作宾语,refuse to do sth.“拒绝做某事”。 Ⅲ.单句改错 1.Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. 答案与解析:can→should 或去掉 can 句意:一些同学建议我们去附近的名胜古迹。suggest 作动词,表示“建议”时,宾语从句的谓语通常用虚拟语气“(should+)动词原形”,故此处可 把 can 改为 should,也可去掉 can。 2.We must found ways to protect our environment. 答案与解析:found→find 句意:我们必须要找到保护环境的方法。情态动词 must 后接动 词原形。 3.It is true that no one should live without money in modern society. 答案与解析:should→can 句意:的确,在当代社会,没有钱就不能生活。根据句意可知, 表示“能,能够”须用 can。 4.But for the rain,we should have a pleasant journey yesterday. 答案与解析:have 后加 had 句意: 要不是下雨,我们昨天会有一次愉快的旅行。对过去 的虚拟用 should have done 结构。 5.He had telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it. 答案与解析:去掉 had or 前的句子不是虚拟条件句。查看更多