【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文体典题10篇训练（含有解析）学案（18页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习阅读理解说明文体典题10篇训练（含有解析）学案（18页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 阅读理解说明文体典题10篇训练 ‎【一】‎ Basketball Statistician Help Wanted The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:‎ l Good computer skills l Available evenings and weekends l Knowing basketball rules and statistics Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.‎ l TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone,240-567-1308‎ l Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589‎ l Springfield Athletic coordinator, Gary Miller,240-567-2273‎ l Germantown Athletic Coordinator, GavriChavan, 240-567-6915‎ ‎21.When will the job start?‎ A .In May 2016 B. In May 2017‎ C. In September 2016 D. In September2017‎ ‎22.Who is more likely to get job?‎ A. Sam, English major ,member of the college basketball team B. Judy, IT staff with night classes, children’s basketball team coach C. Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekends D. Molly, part-time programmer, high school basketball player ,new mother ‎23.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville?‎ A. Michael. B. Jorge. C. Gauri. D. Gary.‎ ‎【话题解读】本文是一篇广告，招聘一位电脑技术好，懂篮球并在晚上和周末有空的学生。‎ 21. C 【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段第一句中的during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters可知这项工作的工作时间为2016年秋天，2016至2017年的冬天和2017年春天。故C项＂在2016年9月＂符合题意。‎ ‎22.C。‎ ‎23. B 【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga,240-567-7589可知B项符合题意。故选B。‎ ‎【二】‎ Every February ＂Oscar fever＂ hits the entertainment community and film fans around the world, with the annual Academy Awards presentation happening a month later, when hundreds of millions of cinema lovers glue themselves to their television sets to learn who will receive the golden statuettes(小雕像).‎ The Academy Awards or Oscars is an annual American awards ceremony hosted by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences(AMPAS) to recognize excellence in cinematic achievements in the United States film industry. First presented in 1929, the awards are among the film industry’s most desired prizes.‎ The AMPAS maintains a voting membership of 5,783 until 2012 and academy membership is divided into different branches. For most categories, members from each of the branches vote to determine the nominees(被提名的人) only in their respective categories. In the special case of Best Picture, all voting members have the right to select the nominees. In all major categories, each member votes for up to five nominees (ten for Best Picture). From among these nominees, all academy members select the winners by secret voting.‎ Since the earliest years, interest in the Academy Awards has run high. The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 — and has had broadcast coverage ever since — and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now seen live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online.‎ How the Oscar received its nickname is not clear. A popular, but unsupported story goes that the name caught on after the Academy’s Executive Director Margaret Herrick said that the statuette resembled her Uncle Oscar. Thus, the journalists and Academy staff started to refer to it by this name. Officially, the name Oscar has been used since 1939.‎ ‎1.What does Oscar fever indicate?‎ A.A medical condition where one feels sick.‎ B. People’s seeking Oscars blindly.‎ C.A rare phenomenon in film industries.‎ D. People’s great interest in Oscars.‎ ‎2.What is the main idea of Paragraph 3?‎ A. How award winners are singled out. ‎ B. What is required of award winners. ‎ C. Who maintains the voting membership. ‎ D. What the academy members do. ‎ ‎3.What can we learn about the awards presentation?‎ A. It is on annually in February.‎ B. The second one was first televised.‎ C. The first one escaped a media audience.‎ D. Its broadcast listeners have multiplied since 1953.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章简单介绍了有关世界著名电影奖项——奥斯卡金像奖的一些情况。‎ ‎1.D。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】考查主旨要义。题干问的是第三段的段意，根据该段中的＂academy membership is divided into different branches. For most categories. From among these nominees, all academy members select the winners by secret voting＂可知，本段主要讲述了奥斯卡金像奖是怎么评选的，故选A项。single out＂挑选出＂。‎ ‎3.C 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段中的＂First presented in 1929＂可知,第一届奥斯卡颁奖典礼于1929年举办；根据第四段中的＂The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 — and has had broadcast coverage ever since＂可知，奥斯卡颁奖典礼首次通过收音机播送是在1930年,并且从那以后,奥斯卡颁奖典礼都被广播。由此可知，第一届奥斯卡颁奖典礼没有媒体听众。根据第一段中的＂Every February ‘Oscar fever’...with the annual Academy Awards presentation happening a month later＂可知,奥斯卡颁奖典礼是在三月举行的，排除A项；根据第四段中的＂The awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 — and has had broadcast coverage ever since — and televised for the first time in 1953＂可排除B项和D项。coverage＂新闻报道＂。‎ ‎【三】‎ ‎ This month, Germany’s transport minister, Alexander Dobrindt, proposed the first set of rules for autonomous vehicles(自主驾驶车辆). They would define the driver’s role in such cars and govern how such cars perform in crashes where lives might be lost. ‎ The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the ＂death valley＂ of autonomous vehicles: the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future.‎ Dobrindt wants three things: that a car always chooses property(财产) damage over personal injury; that it never distinguishes between humans based on age or race; and that if a human removes his or her hands from the driving wheel — to check email, say — the car’s maker is responsible if there is a crash.‎ ‎＂The change to the road traffic law will permit fully automatic driving,＂ says Dobrindt. It will put fully driverless cars on an equal legal footing to human drivers, he says.‎ Who is responsible for the operation of such vehicles is not clear among car makers, consumers and lawyers. ＂The liability(法律责任) issue is the biggest one of them all,＂ says Natasha Merat at the University of Leeds, UK.‎ An assumption behind UK insurance for driverless cars, introduced earlier this year, insists that a human ＂be watchful and monitoring the road＂ at every moment.‎ But that is not what many people have in mind when thinking of driverless cars. ＂When you say ‘driverless cars’, people expect driverless cars.＂ Merat says. ＂You know — no driver.＂‎ Because of the confusion, Merat thinks some car makers will wait until vehicles can be fully automated without operation.‎ Driverless cars may end up being a form of public transport rather than vehicles ‎ you own, says Ryan Calo at Stanford University, California. That is happening in the UK and Singapore, where government-provided driverless vehicles are being launched.‎ That would go down poorly in the US, however. ＂The idea that the government would take over driverless cars and treat them as a public good would get absolutely nowhere here,＂ says Calo.‎ ‎46. What does the phrase ＂death valley＂ in Paragraph 2 refer to?‎ A. A place where cars often break down.‎ B. A case where passing a law is impossible.‎ C. An area where no driving is permitted. ‎ D. A situation where drivers’ role is not clear.‎ ‎47. The proposal put forward by Dobrindt aims to __________.‎ A. stop people from breaking traffic rules B. help promote fully automatic driving C. protect drivers of all ages and races D. prevent serious property damage ‎48. What do consumers think of the operation of driverless cars?‎ A. It should get the attention of insurance companies.‎ B. It should be the main concern of law makers.‎ C. It should not cause deadly traffic accidents.‎ D. It should involve no human responsibility.‎ ‎49. Driverless vehicles in public transport see no bright future in _________.‎ A. Singapore B. the UK ‎ C. the US D. Germany ‎50. What could be the best title for the passage?‎ A. Autonomous Driving: Whose Liability?‎ B. Fully Automatic Cars: A New Breakthrough C. Autonomous Vehicles: Driver Removed!‎ D. Driverless Cars: Root of Road Accidents ‎【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章记叙了德国交通部长的对于自主驾驶车辆的规章制度的一个提议，引出说明了位于科技前沿的无人驾驶的自动化车辆在英国、新加坡和美国的不同前景。‎ ‎46.D 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据第二段的句子the grey area between semi-autonomous and fully driverless cars that could delay the driverless future可知选D。‎ ‎47.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段内容The proposal attempts to deal with what some call the ＂death valley＂ of autonomous vehicles…可知选B。‎ ‎48.D【解析】考查细节理解。根据第六、七、八段内容可知选D。‎ ‎49.C。50.A。‎ ‎【四】‎ Before birth, babies can tell the difference between loud sounds and voices. They can even distinguish their mother’s voice from that of a female stranger. But when it comes to embryonic learning , birds could rule the roost. As recently reported in The Auk: Ornithological Advances, some mother birds may teach their young to sing even ‎ before they hatch (孵化). New-born chicks can then imitate their mom’s call within a few days of entering the world. ‎ This educational method was first observed in 2012 by Sonia Kleindorfer, a biologist at Flinders University in South Australia, and her colleagues. Female Australian superb fairy wrens were found to repeat one sound over and over again while hatching their eggs. When the eggs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers—a sound that served as their regular ＂feed me!＂ call.‎ To find out if the special quality was more widespread in birds, the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird. First they collected sound data from 67 nests in four sites in Queensland before and after hatching. Then they identified begging calls by analyzing the order and number of notes. A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.‎ It turns out that baby red-backed fairy wrens also emerge chirping like their moms. And the more frequently mothers had called to their eggs, the more similar were the babies’ begging calls. In addition, the team set up a separate experiment that suggested that the baby birds that most closely imitated their mom’s voice were rewarded with the most food.‎ This observation hints that effective embryonic learning could signal neurological (神经系统的) strengths of children to parents. An evolutionary inference can then be drawn. ＂As a parent, do you invest in quality children, or do you invest in children that are in need?＂ Kleindorfer asks. ＂Our results suggest that they might be going for quality.＂‎ ‎58.The underlined phrase in Paragraph 1 means＂____________＂.‎ ‎ A. be the worst B. be the best ‎ C. be the as bad D. be just as good ‎59. What are Kleindorfer’s findings based on?‎ ‎ A. Similarities between the calls of moms and chicks.‎ ‎ B. The observation of fairy wrens across Australia.‎ ‎ C. The data collected from Queensland’s locals.‎ ‎ D. Controlled experiments on wrens and other birds.‎ ‎60. Embryonic learning helps mother birds to identify the baby birds which ____________.‎ ‎ A. can receive quality signals ‎ B. are in need of training ‎ C. fit the environment better ‎ D. make the loudest call ‎【话题解读】文章大意：文章介绍了鸟类在胎教方面的超凡本领。实验发现鸟儿在孵化时不停地鸣叫是为了教会以后出生的雏鸟歌唱的本领，从而挑选出能够适应环境的雏鸟。‎ 58. B【解析】根据第二段＂when the errs were hatched, the baby birds made the similar chirp to their mothers＂可知，鸟儿在孵化小鸟的时候，鸣叫对未出生的小鸟有很大影响，它们被孵化后也能发出类似的声音，说明鸟儿很擅长胎教。‎ 59. A【解析】根据第三段＂the researchers sought the red-backed fairy wren, another species of Australian songbird.＂可知，研究人员并未在全澳洲范围展开调查，排除B项；未对其它鸟类进行记录研究，排除D项。根据倒数第三段中的＂A computer analysis blindly compared calls produced by mothers and chicks, ranking them by similarity.＂可知，A项正确。‎ 60. C.‎ ‎【五】‎ ‎ If you are like most English learners, you may be familiar with this: You think you understand a topic. Yet when asked to use what you have learned, you are not able to remember the information. Not being able to retrieve new ideas could happen on a test or even in a conversation.‎ Sarah Lynn, an educational consultant and teacher, thinks English learners can improve their ability to remember and use new words by testing themselves. She adds that self-testing improves retrieval — the ability to use and remember new words.‎ Lynn is not the only expert who recommends self-testing. A paper in Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition says one benefit of testing practice is that it improves retrieval. Retrieving information once makes retrieving that information easier in the future. In addition, the paper says, when students test themselves as part of studying, they learn what they do not know. When students know what they do not understand, they can pay attention to overcoming their weaknesses. Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying. Then, they should test themselves by thinking about what they have learned. She recommends that learners make themselves write or speak something. Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it. This will allow learners to test what they know.‎ Next time you are studying English, try to test yourself. But do not just assume that you can read something once or twice and fully understand it. Even if you highlight important points or take notes in a class, you probably do not fully understand what you learned. After all, Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book. They have to practice swimming or running every day for years. They often compete in races to test their skills.‎ ‎1.What’s the common situation faced by English learners?‎ A. They fail to come up with new ideas.‎ B. They are not familiar with a certain topic.‎ C. They don’t learn as well as they think.‎ D. They don’t know how to improve their test-taking skills.‎ ‎2.Which is the advice given by Lynn about self-testing?‎ A. Recall what’s learned with the book closed.‎ B. Remember what’s learned by repetitive reciting.‎ C. Question your teachers on what you doubt bravely.‎ D. Challenge yourself to learn from videos.‎ ‎3.Why are Olympic athletes mentioned?‎ A. To show how to be successful athletes.‎ B. To make people confident of learning.‎ C. To warn English learners not to be proud.‎ D. To stress the significance of practice.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了Sarah Lynn提出的自我测试可以提高英语学习者记忆和使用新单词的能力的观点。‎ ‎1.C。‎ ‎2.A 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的＂Lynn recommends that learners test themselves by getting away from what they are studying＂和＂Lynn suggests reading something or watching a video on the topic, then getting rid of the reading or video material and summarizing it＂可知，Lynn建议人们脱离阅读材料或视频材料进行自我检测，故A项正确。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是＂Olympic athletes cannot learn how to swim or run just from reading a book. They have to practice swimming or running every day for years＂可知，作者提及奥运选手是为了说明英语学习也需要练习，即强调(在英语学习中)练习的重要性，故D项正确。‎ ‎【六】‎ Basketball Statistician Help Wanted The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:‎ ‎•Good computer skills ‎•Available evenings and weekends ‎•Knowing basketball rules and statistics Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.‎ ‎•TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone, 240-567-1308‎ ‎•Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga, 240-567-7589‎ ‎•Springfield Athletic Coordinator, Gary Miller, 240-567-2273‎ ‎•Germantown Athletic Coordinator, Gauri Chavan, 240-567-6915[来源:学科网]‎ ‎1.When will the job start?‎ A. In May 2016. B. In May 2017.‎ C. In September 2016. D. In September 2017.‎ ‎2.Who is more likely to get the job?‎ A. Sam, English major, member of the college basketball team.‎ B. Judy, IT staff with night classes, children’s basketball team coach.‎ C. Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekends.‎ D. Molly, part-time programmer, high school basketball player, new mother.‎ ‎3.Whom should you contact if you want to apply for the job in Rockville?‎ A. Michael. B. Jorge. ‎ C. Gauri. D. Gary.‎ A ‎ 【文章大意】这是一个招聘广告。文章介绍了体育部的招聘要求以及联系人。‎ 1. C 【解析】考查细节理解。由文中的第一句＂The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters＂可知，工作从2016年秋天开始。所以C项正确。‎ ‎2.C。3.B。‎ ‎【七】‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ Ideally situated db San Antonio Hotel + Spa is only 150 meters away from the beautiful Qawra Promenade. This newly redecorated hotel offers an extensive range of modern facilities(设施), entertainment and animation programs and enjoys its own concession (特许经营权) on the nearby beach. It’s an ideal choice for those seeking to relax and enjoy the best of what Malta has to offer.‎ Accommodation db San Antonio Hotel + Spa offers big, modern rooms all with a balcony. Interconnecting rooms and disabled access rooms are available upon request. All the ‎ guest rooms are well equipped with heating and air conditioning, a private bathroom with a hair dryer, a telephone, a satellite TV, a mini-fridge, tea and coffee making facilities, free Wi-Fi, and a ceiling fan.‎ Facilities ‎2 pools — an indoor pool (with a baby pool) and an outdoor pool A health club including the fully-equipped gym, aerobic studio, steam bath, saunas and Jacuzzi Private underground parking Shops, restaurants and bars (the mini bar only opens on request)‎ Meals & Drinks Three meals a day, with lunch/dinner including house wine/beer, soft drinks, mineral water, Tea, coffee, soft drinks, local fruit juices, water, house beer/spirits, cocktails Attention: Now a FREE room upgrade is provided; an upgrade is valid on inland and pool view rooms. A free upgrade to the next room category is subject to availability and can be withdrawn at any time. The offer is valid on new bookings made between 22 June and 1 July with travel dates within 1 July to 31 October (staying for a minimum of 5 nights).‎ ‎1.What is one feature of the hotel?‎ A. Traditional. B. Disabled-friendly.‎ C. On the sea. D. Kid-centered.‎ ‎2.What do we know about the hotel?‎ A. Its two pools are for adults only.‎ B. Its mini bar is not always in business.‎ C. Mineral water is served during three meals.‎ D. Customers cannot make coffee by themselves there.‎ ‎3.Who may get a free upgraded room?‎ A. One who books before 22 June.‎ B. One who books a double room.‎ C. One who will stay between July 1 and 3.‎ D. One who stays from October 20th to 30th.‎ ‎【文章大意】本文是一篇应用文。介绍了db San Antonio Hotel + Spa的住宿条件、配套设施等内容。‎ ‎1.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第二段中的＂Interconnecting rooms and disabled access rooms are available upon request＂可知，该酒店提供的有残疾人可以使用的房间，因此可以说该酒店是为残疾人提供了方便的，故选B。‎ ‎2.B 【解析】考查细节理解。根据Facilities部分中的＂Shops, restaurants and bars (the mini bar only opens on request)＂可知，迷你酒吧只在有要求的时候才会对顾客开放,也就是说，迷你酒吧并不总是在营业。‎ ‎3.D 【解析】考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的＂The offer is valid on new bookings made between 22 June and 1 July with travel dates within 1 July to 31 October (staying for a minimum of 5 nights)＂可知，只有那些在6月22日至7月1日之间预订了房间，旅行日期在7月1日至10月31日之间且至少在db San Antonio Hotel + Spa住5个晚上的顾客才能免费升级房间，只有D项描述的情况符合免费升级房间的条件，选D。‎ ‎【八】‎ Interruptions are one of the worst things to deal with while you’re trying to get work done. 36 ,there are several ways to handle things. Let’s take a look at them now.‎ ‎ 37 .Tell the person you’re sorry and explain that you have a million things to do and then ask if the two of you can talk at a different time.‎ When people try to interrupt you, have set hours planned and let them know to come back during that time or that you’ll find them then. 38 .It can help to eliminate(消除) future interruptions.‎ When you need to someone, don’t do it in your own office. 39 , it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are If you have a door to your office, make good use of it. 40 . If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter. Excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) than when the door is closed, you’re not to be disturbed.‎ A. If you’re busy, don’t feel bad about saying no B. When you want to avoid interruptions at work ‎ C. Set boundaries for yourself as your time goes D. If you’re in the other person’s office or in a public area E. It’s important that you let them know when you’ll be available F. It might seem unkind to cut people shirt when they interrupt you G. Leave it open when you’re available to talk and close it when you’re not ‎【文章大意】本篇文章的话题背景是＂人际关系＂，本文是一篇说明文。为避免工作被打断是一件令人感觉很糟糕的事，‎ 文章提出了几点建议，防止此类事件的发生。‎ 36. B 【解析】根据there are several ways to handle things，可知下文是关于几种防止在工作中被别人打断的方法，此句与前半句构成一个完整的句子，根据语境分析。故选B。‎ 37. A。‎ 38. E。‎ ‎39.D 【解析】根据后文＂it’s much easier to excuse yourself to get back to your work than if you try to get someone out of your space even after explaining how busy you are＂，此句中it指代前文＂don’t do it in your own office.＂，也就是说此段中作者认为比起在自己的办公室解释，不在自己的办公室更容易点。故选D。‎ ‎40.G 【解析】根据＂If you have a door to your office,make good use of it.＂可知，此段主要是讲述关于如何利用自己办公室的门来防止被打扰。故选G。‎ ‎【九】‎ Humans and many other mammals have unusually efficient internal temperature regulating systems that automatically maintain stable core body temperatures (核心体温) in cold winters and warm summers. In addition, people have developed cultural patterns and technologies that help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度)．‎ In very cold climates, there is a constant danger of developing hypothermia (低体温), which is a life threatening drop in core body temperature to below normal levels. The normal temperature for humans is about 37.0℃. However, differences in persons and even the time of day can cause it to be as much as 6℃ higher or lower in healthy individuals. It is also normal for core body temperature to be lower in elderly ‎ people. Hypothermia begins to occur when the core body temperature drops to 34.4℃. Below 29.4℃， the body cools more rapidly because its natural temperature regulating system usually fails. The rapid decline in core body temperature is likely to result in death. However, there have been rare cases in which people have been saved after their temperatures had dropped to 13.9 － 15.6℃. This happened in 1999 to a Swedish woman who was trapped under an ice sheet in freezing water for 80 minutes. She was found unconscious, not breathing, and her heart had stopped beating, yet she was eventually saved despite the fact that her temperature had dropped to 13.7℃.‎ In extremely hot climates or as a result of uncontrollable infections, core body temperatures can rise to equally dangerous levels. This is hypothermia. Life threatening hypothermia typically starts in humans when their temperatures rise to 40.6 － 41.7℃. Only a few days at this extraordinarily high temperature level is likely to result in the worsening of internal organs and death.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人类及其他哺乳动物具有非同寻常的有效的内部体温调节系统，可以在寒冷的冬天或炎热的夏天自动维持稳定的核心体温。‎ ‎1．Why can humans keep stable body temperatures in different seasons?‎ A．Because their bodies are unusually efficient.‎ B．Because they experience different climates.‎ C．Because they can adjust to cultural patterns and technologies.‎ D．Because they have internal temperature regulating systems.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，在不同季节，人类能够保持稳定的核心体温，是因为他们具有有效的内部体温调节系统。故选D。‎ ‎2．What does Paragraph 2 mainly discuss?‎ A．The dangerous effects of hypothermia.‎ B．The change of body temperature.‎ C．The survival of the Swedish woman.‎ D．The regulating systems of natural temperature.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段内容及第二段第一句可知，关键句为该段主题句，概括了该段大意；由此可知，第二段主要讲述低体温会造成的危害。故选A。‎ ‎3．People are unlikely to survive under the body temperature ________.‎ A．higher than 34.4℃‎ B．lower than 29.4℃‎ C．between 40.6～41.7℃‎ D．between 34.4～37℃‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段第六句“Below 29.4℃ ...usually fails.”可推知，低于29.4℃时，人体不能保持核心体温，因此无法生存。故选B。‎ ‎4．What is the best title for the passage?‎ A．Surviving in an ice trap B．Getting to know hypothermia C．Adapting to climate extremes D．Changing core body temperature 解析：选C　标题归纳题。根据第一段中的“help them adjust to extremes of temperature and humidity (湿度)”以及文章整体内容可知，本文主要讲述人类通过内部核心体温以及发展文化模式和技术来适应气候的变化。故选C。‎ ‎【十】‎ ‎“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure，” says Mark Singer, technical director of cuisine at Le Cordon Bleu in Paris. “ Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure.” The French might start their day with bread, butter, jam, and perhaps something hot to drink — it’s a time of the day when the whole family can be united. Singer, born in Philadelphia, has lived in France for more than 40 years.‎ ‎“Although things have changed greatly in the past 20 years when it comes to food in the country，” he says, “and what was a big affair with eating has been slowly softened up, there are still events in the year, like birthdays and New Year’s Eve and Christmas Eve that are still really anchored in traditional food and cooking. But it’s not every day.”‎ Some people think French food life may be a performance,_adds Jennifer Berg, director of graduate food studies at New York University. “They want to believe that France is this nation where people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food. The reality is most croissants (羊角面包) are factorymade, and most people are buying convenience food, except for the very small group of people in high society. But part of our identity relies on believing that myth.”‎ In Italy, as in France, takeout is still relatively rare. “Eating fast is not at all part of our culture，” says Marco Bolasco, editorial director of Slow Food and an Italian food expert. Our meals are relaxed, even during a lunch break. Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure, he says. An Italian child’s first experience with food is not small round cakes or rice or eggs, but probably ice cream, notes Bolasco. Status and wealth play less of a role in food.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者通过专家的话语来说明法国人和意大利人对于食物是一种享受生活的态度。‎ ‎5．How have things about French food changed?‎ A．People prefer to cook at home.‎ B．More people choose to eat out.‎ C．Traditional food is less frequently cooked.‎ D．People eat faster than before.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段的内容可知，法国传统美食受到冲击，人们只是偶尔在重大节日中才去享用传统美食，并不是每一天，故选择C。‎ ‎6．What does the underlined word “performance” in Paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A．A bother.　　　　　 　B．A play.‎ C．A hobby. D．A routine.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。由后文中的“people are spending five hours a day going to 12 different markets to get their food”可知，此处应是指部分人认为法国传统烹饪比较繁琐。故此处performance指“麻烦”。故选A。‎ ‎7．Why is Italian food compared with French food in the last paragraph?‎ A．To show the advantages of Italian food.‎ B．To prove the differences between them.‎ C．To reflect the customs of Italian food.‎ D．To indicate the common points of the two.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。由本段中的“In Italy, as in France”，再结合第一段中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”和最后一段中的“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知，作者比较这两种食物的目的是找出二者的共同点，阐明主旨，故选D。‎ ‎8．What’s the main idea of the passage?‎ A．Food as identity. B．Food as pleasure.‎ C．Food as survival. D．Food as status.‎ 解析：选B　文章大意题。由文中的“Food in France is still primarily about pleasure”，“Cooking and eating are both pastimes (消遣) and pleasure”以及“Food in Italy is love, and nutrition, and pleasure”可知答案。‎