高中英语Working the land-Using Language同步学案

高中英语Working the land-Using Language同步学案

Period Three　Using Language ‎1 ‎ 拓展归纳 confuse sb.使某人困惑(糊涂)‎ be confused by sth.被某(事)物搞糊涂了 become/get confused困惑，不知所措 confuse...with/and...把……和……混淆 confuse black with white混淆黑白 confusable adj.会被混淆的，会被弄糊涂的 confused adj.困惑的，不知所措的；混乱的 confusing adj.令人困惑的，难以理解的 confusion n．[U]混乱，混淆；困惑 ‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)这个难题使他困惑。‎ The difficult question confused_him.‎ ‎(2)人们被大量的信息搞糊涂了。‎ People were_confused_by a lot of information.‎ ‎(3)我把她和她妹妹弄错了，因为她们长得太像了。‎ I confused_her_with_her_sister because they were so alike.‎ ‎2 ‎ 拓展归纳 regret to do sth.遗憾/抱歉要去做……(do动词一般是say，tell，inform，announce等这样的词)‎ regret doing sth.后悔曾经做过某事 regret not to have done sth.后悔没做过某事 regret that...遗憾/后悔……‎ have no regrets没有遗憾 It is a matter for/of regret that...令人遗憾的是……‎ It is to be regretted that...使人遗憾的是……‎ to one’s regret(对某人而言)可惜的是 用所给词的适当形式填空 ‎(1)He bitterly regretted ever having_mentioned (mention) it.‎ ‎(2)I regret to_say (say) that I’m unable to accept your kind invitation.‎ ‎(3)I have no regrets (regret) about leaving Newcastle.‎ ‎(4)Emma shook her head regretfully (regret) when she heard the result.‎ ‎3 ‎ ‎ 拓展归纳 reduce (...)to...(把……)减少到……‎ reduce (...)by...(把……)减少了……‎ reduce sth. to...使……成为(某种状态)‎ reduce sb. to (doing) sth.迫使某人陷入(不佳状态)；使某人不得不……‎ reduction n．减少，缩减；折扣，减价 reductive adj.减少的；缩减的 完成句子 ‎(1)商店已经降低了商品的价格，所以现在是买东西的好时候。‎ They’ve reduced_the_prices in the shop，so it’s good time to buy.‎ ‎(2)她的体重减轻了‎5千克。‎ She reduced_her_weight by 5 kilograms.‎ ‎(3)炸弹使该市成为废墟。‎ The bombs reduced the city to_ruins.‎ ‎(4)她见到那情景便哭了起来。‎ She was_reduced_to_tears at the sight.‎ ‎4These chemicals in the food supply build up in people’s bodies over time.(P14) ‎ build up，put up，set up ‎(1)build up逐步建立，建造，建设，常指建造较大的物体。‎ ‎(2)put up着重指建造、搭起一个具有高度的具体的物体，口语中set up和build也有此意。‎ ‎(3)set up开办，建立，常和表示组织、机构、团体等意义的名词连用，与found基本相同，但found更着重打基础。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 完成句子 ‎(1)各方面的压力越来越大，他因负荷太重有好几个星期没上班了。‎ All the pressure built_up and he was off work for weeks with stress.‎ ‎(2)试试让他增进对自己的信心。‎ Try and build_up_his_confidence a bit.‎ ‎(3)他们的话在面试后增强了我的信心。‎ Their words built_up my confidence after the interview.‎ ‎(4)在十年拼搏后他们建立了这家公司。‎ They built_up_this_company after ten years’ struggle.‎ ‎5 ‎ 拓展归纳 lead sb. to...引导某人去……(地方)‎ lead sb. to do sth.引导某人做某事 lead a．..life过……的生活 result from产生于；因……引起 lie in在于，由于 have a good lead over领先于 完成句子 ‎(1)这条小路通到那个村庄。‎ The path leads_to the village.‎ ‎(2)我们的产品仍领先于我们的竞争者。‎ Our product has_a_good_lead_over our competitor’s.‎ ‎(3)我们队在前半场领先。‎ Our team was in_the_lead at halftime.‎ ‎(4)什么使你相信我病了？‎ What_led_you_to_believe I was ill?‎ ‎6 ‎ 拓展归纳 come into focus(某物)轮廓明显，清晰；(问题)突出 in focus焦距对准；清晰 out of focus焦距没对准；模糊 the focus of attention注意力的中心；焦点 focus on(＝concentrate on)注意；关注 focus a camera/telescope on/upon 使照相机、望远镜聚焦于 focus/fix/concentrate one’s attention/mind/eyes on/upon 使某人的注意力/心思/眼睛专注于 用focus on的适当形式填空 ‎(1)The discussion focuses_on three main problems.‎ ‎(2)All his attention was_focused_on one thing only—how to solve the problem of water shortage.‎ ‎(3)In the scene，the camera focused_on the actor’s face.‎ ‎7 Some organic farmers prefer planting grass between crops to prevent wind or water from carrying away the soil,and then leaving it in the ground to become a natural fertilizer for the next year’s crop.(P14)‎ 拓展归纳 stop sb. (from) doing sth.阻止某人做某事 keep sb. from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 protect sb. from...保护某人不受……侵袭 keep sb. doing sth.让某人一直做某事 完成句子 ‎(1)大雨使我们无法外出。‎ The heavy rain stopped/prevented_us_(from)_going_out.‎ ‎(2)妈妈不让我单独外出。‎ Mother kept_me_from going out alone.‎ ‎(3)雨伞可以保护你不被雨淋。‎ The umbrella can protect you from the rain.‎ ‎1 Recently,however,scientists have been finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and,even more dangerous,to people’s health.然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ 用法点拨 ‎(1)have been finding是现在完成进行时。现在完成进行时与现在完成时是有区别的，前者说明动作从过去某段时间到现在一直进行着，而且有可能还将持续下去；后者强调的是一个完成的动作，用于说明动作的结果，而不是动作本身。‎ John has been painting the ceiling.‎ 约翰一直在粉刷天花板。‎ John has painted the ceiling.‎ 约翰把天花板粉刷完了。‎ ‎(2)本句中的情态动词can表示理论的可能性。肯定句中，can可以表示客观的(理论的)可能性，并不涉及具体某事是否会发生，此种用法常常可以说明人或事物的特征；要表达具体某事实际发生的可能性时，不可用can，须用could，may，might。‎ Accidents can happen on such rainy days.‎ 这种下雨的天气可能会发生事故。(客观的可能性)‎ Peter may come with us tonight，but he isn’t sure yet.‎ 彼得今晚可能和我们一起来，但他还没确定。(实际可能性，不用can)‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎(1)I won’t tell the students the answer to the maths problem until they have_been_working (work) on it for more than an hour.‎ ‎(2)They had_been_working (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them，and now we are_still_working (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far.‎ ‎(3)—Are you still busy?‎ ‎—Yes，I am_finishing (finish) my work and it won’t take long.‎ ‎2 Crops such as peas or soybeans put important minerals back into the soil,making it ready for crops such as wheat or corn that need rich and fertile soil.像豌豆、大豆一类的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，使之适宜于种植那些要求土壤肥沃的农作物，例如小麦或玉米。‎ 用法点拨 making it...‎ 是现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词作结果状语时，其逻辑主语可以是句子的主语，也可以是整个句子。‎ By 1820 the population of New York had grown to about 125,000，making it the largest city in the USA.‎ 到1820年纽约的人口增长到大约125 000人，这(使它)成为美国最大的城市。‎ They were caught in a traffic jam，thus causing the delay.‎ 他们遇上了交通阻塞，因而迟到了。‎ 现在分词与不定式作结果状语的区别 ‎(1)现在分词作结果状语时一般只能单独使用，也就是说，没有固定的句型结构，它通常位于句末，其前有逗号隔开。有时为了突出结果之意可在现在分词前加副词thus，常译为“因而，因此”。现在分词作结果状语往往表示正常出现的、自然而然的或意料之中的结果。‎ Tom fell down from the tree，breaking his arm.‎ 汤姆从树上摔了下来，摔断了胳膊。‎ ‎(2)动词不定式单独作结果状语，通常表示偶然的、出乎意料的结果，有时为了强调这种意外的结果，可在不定式前加only，译为“(结果)却……，只(只是……)”，在这种情况下，不定式的逻辑主语也可能是全句的主语。‎ After two days we finally arrived at the small village，only to be told that the old man had passed away.‎ 两天之后我们终于到达了这个小村庄，(使我们失望的是)村民们告诉我们那位老人已经去世了。‎ Yesterday a beggar bought a lottery ticket，to make him a millionaire overnight.‎ 昨天一个街头乞丐买了一张彩票，结果使他一夜之间成了百万富翁。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 ‎(1)He went to New York to see his daughter，only to_find (find) she had gone to Washington.‎ ‎(2)Oil prices have risen by 32% since the start of the year，reaching (reach) a record of $‎57.65 a barrel on April 4.‎ ‎(3)He hurried to the cinema only to_find (find) the film had been on.‎ ‎(4)European football is played in 80 countries，making (make) it the most popular sport in the world.‎ ‎(5)His father was lost in the war，never to_be_heard (hear) of again.‎ 化学耕作还是有机耕作？‎ 在过去的半个世纪里，在耕作中使用化肥已经非常普遍。很多农民喜欢使用化肥，把化肥作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段。然而，最近科学家发现长期使用这些肥料会造成土地受损，甚至更危险的是，会对人们的健康造成危害。‎ 化肥带来的问题有哪些呢？首先，化肥在杀死病菌和害虫的同时也会杀死有益的细菌和昆虫，从而破坏土地。化学物质还会在地里和地下水中保存很长时间，而这会影响到农作物，进而影响到动物和人类，因为化学成分会进入到农作物中，并且不能被冲洗掉。随着时间的推移，食物中的这些化学成分会在人体中堆积。很多化学成分能导致癌症或其他疾病。另外，施过化肥的水果、蔬菜和其他食物通常生长得过快而营养不足。它们表面上很好看，但是里面通常是含过多的水分，而不是维他命和矿物质。‎ 由于这些发现，一些农民和许多消费者开始转向有机耕作。有机耕作就是不用任何化学肥料的耕作。农民关心的是保持土壤肥沃并且免受病害。健康的土壤会减少病虫害并且帮助农作物茁壮成长。因此，有机耕作的农民通常喜欢把天然的动物粪便当作肥料，他们认为这样会使田地更富含矿物质，因而也会更加肥沃，同时还可以让空气、土壤、水以及农作物不受化学物质的污染。‎ 有机耕作的农民也使用很多其他的方法来保持土壤肥沃。在同一块地里，他们经常每隔几年就换种农作物。例如：种玉米或小麦后，来年再改种豌豆或大豆。像豌豆和大豆这样的农作物将重要的矿物质带回土壤，从而使之适宜于要求土壤肥沃的农作物，比如小麦或玉米。有机耕作的农民还种植多种农作物来利用不同层次的土壤。比如，他们先种植生长于浅层土壤的花生，然后再种植生根于深层土壤的蔬菜。还有一些有机耕作者喜欢在农作物之间种草，以防止水土流失，并且把草留在地里，从而成为来年农作物的天然肥料。这些许多不同的有 机耕作的方法有着同样的目标：种植好的粮食，避免损害环境或者是人们的健康。‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．From his sunburnt face，we can know he spends much time working under the sun.‎ ‎2．Hunger is still a big problem in the world，for many people haven’t enough to eat.‎ ‎3．The output of coal must be increased to meet the need of electricity.‎ ‎4．People have so much freedom to choose their jobs that they can do whatever they like.‎ ‎5．I don’t think the job suitable for you.You’d better choose another one.‎ ‎6．This area is rich in minerals and the need for miners is great.‎ ‎7．The river expands and forms a lake.‎ ‎8．He is considering ridding of the weeds in the garden，for they are affecting the growth of the flowers.‎ ‎9．The factories are trying to reduce pollution to an even lower level so that we can have a better environment.‎ ‎10．The flood rose to a level of 60 feet.‎ Ⅱ.句型转换 ‎1．I’m just getting ready for school.‎ I am preparing for school.‎ ‎2．He comes to see me every week.‎ He comes to see me every seven days.‎ ‎3．He didn’t study hard；as a result，he failed.‎ As a result of his laziness，he failed.‎ ‎4．A heavy rain stopped me coming here yesterday.‎ A heavy rain prevented me from coming here yesterday.‎ ‎5．No matter what you say，I won’t listen to you.‎ Whatever you say，I won’t listen to you.‎ ‎6．His company becomes larger and larger.‎ His business is expanding.‎ ‎7．There is no doubt that he will attend the party.‎ It is certain that he will attend the party.‎ ‎8．He suggested that the work should be started at once.‎ He advised that the work be done at once.‎ ‎9．The result of the contest satisfied the teachers.‎ The teachers were satisfied with the result of the contest.‎ ‎10．The project had to be stopped because they were short of money.‎ The project had to be stopped because of lacking money.‎ Ⅲ.完成句子 ‎1．Over the past half century，using_chemical_fertilizers_has_become_very_common ‎_in_farming (在耕作中使用化肥已非常普遍)．‎ ‎2．Many farmers welcomed them as_a_great_way_to_stop_crop_disease_and_increase_‎ production(把他们作为防治农作物病虫害和提高产量的重要手段)．‎ ‎3．These chemicals in the food supply build_up_in_people’s_bodies_over_time (随着时间的推移会在人体中堆积)．‎ ‎4．The farmers focus on keeping_their_soil_rich_and_free_of_disease (保持土壤肥沃并免受病害)．‎ ‎5．With these discoveries，some farmers and many customers are_beginning_to_turn_to_‎ organic_farming(开始转向有机耕作)．‎ ‎6．In_addition (另外)，fruit，vegetables and other food grown with chemical fertilizers usually grow_too_fast_to_be_full_of_much_nutrition (生长得过快而营养不足)．‎ ‎7．They feel that this makes the soil in their fields richer in minerals and_so_more_fertile (因而也会更加肥沃)．‎ ‎8．A healthy soil reduces disease and helps_crops_grow_strong_and_healthy (帮助农作物茁壮成长)．‎ ‎9．Eating more vegetables might_not_always_be_good_for_us (并不总是对我们有好处)．‎ ‎10．It_is_certain_to_be_healthy_and_safe (肯定是健康和安全的)for people’s health.‎ Ⅳ.单项填空　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ ‎1．It’s expensive.Can you reduce the price ________ a third？‎ A.to B．by C．of D．at 答案　B ‎ 解析　reduce(...)to...(把……)减少到……；reduce (...)by...把(……)减少了……。由题意可知应是把价格减少，故选B。‎ ‎2．—Why don’t we take a little break?‎ ‎—Didn’t we just have ________？‎ A．it B．that C．one D．this 答案　C 解析　one用于指代同类事物中的一个；it特指上文中提到的事物，即同一个；this这个；that那个。答句句意为：我们不是刚刚休息过吗？‎ ‎3．At sea the wind can build ________ giant，powerful waves.‎ A．in B．up C．on D．down 答案　B 解析　句意为：在海上，风能形成巨大强劲的波浪。build up逐渐增强；建立；开发。build in安装；固定；build on建立于；指望；build down降低；衰减，三者皆不符合题意。‎ ‎4．Each chapter concludes with a short ________.‎ A．declaration B．fiction C．composition D．summary 答案　D 解析　句意为：每个章节都以简短的总结结束。summary总结；概要。declaration指正式的官方立场、态度等的声明；fiction虚构；小说；composition作文；写作。‎ ‎5．—Do you believe me?‎ ‎—________，I’ll believe ________ you say.‎ A．No；whatever B．Yes；however C．No；however D．Yes；whatever 答案　D 解析　首先由答语的后半句看出，应该使用肯定回答，由此排除A和C；又因答语中say后缺少宾语，所以只能用代词whatever作say的宾语。‎ ‎6．Most homeless people are ________ with tents，food and drink.‎ A．supplied B．given C．offered D．burnt 答案　A 解析　supply sb. with sth.＝sb. be supplied with sth.向某人提供某物。‎ ‎7．Her poor English often ________ misunderstanding when she first went to England many years ago.‎ A．arose from B．resulted from C．led to D．lay in 答案　C 解析　句意为：由于她的英语很差，因而许多年前她第一次去英国时常引起误会。lead to导致；造成(后果)。arise from(＝result from)起因于；lie in在于……；由于……。‎ ‎8．It’s quite strange that the man sleeps with his mouth ________ and his eyes ________.‎ A．closed；open B．closed；opened C．closing；open D．closing；opening 答案　A ‎ 解析　考查with复合结构：with＋宾语＋宾语补足语。closed和open两个形容词分别作his mouth和his eyes的宾补，用于说明宾语的状态。‎ ‎9．________ the timely rain，our crops are saved.‎ A．Thanking to B．Thanks to C．Thanking for D．Thanks for 答案　B 解析　thanks to幸亏；由于，是固定搭配。句意为：幸亏这场及时雨，我们的庄稼得救了。‎ ‎10．John is the tallest boy in the class，________ according to himself.‎ A．five foot eight as tall as B．as tall as five foot eight C．as five foot eight tall as D．as tall five foot eight as ‎ 答案　B 解析　five foot eight五英尺八英寸，放在as tall as后面表示John的身高。‎ ‎11．He offered to ________ me with another ticket free ________ charge.‎ A．give；from B．provide；from C．supply；from D．supply；of 答案　D ‎ 解析　空格后有with，第一空填supply，构成supply...with的搭配。第二空填of，free of charge意为“免费的”，作后置定语修饰another ticket。‎ ‎12．I’m determined to climb the mountain，________ there may be a lot of difficulties.‎ A．as if B．when C．even though D．since 答案　C 解析　用even though(即使)引导让步状语从句。‎ ‎13．The forest guards often find campfires that have not been ________ completely.‎ A．turned down B．put out C．put away D．turned over 答案　B 解析　A项当“拒绝(请求/建议)”或“降低(声音)”解；B项作“扑灭”解；C项意为“把……收起来放好”；D项的意思是“把……翻转过来”或“把……递交给……”。句意为：护林员经常发现没有被完全熄灭的露营火。故选B项。‎ ‎14．________ with what he had already，the new stamps were not very interesting.‎ A．Compare B．Comparing C．Compared D．To compare 答案　C 解析　compare常用结构为：compare A with B把A与B作比较；compare A to B把A比作B；compare with (to)．..和……比起来。句意为：和他已有的相比，这几张新邮票算不上有趣。‎ ‎15．—What had made you so happy，Mary?‎ ‎—Oh，I’ve just ________ an old friend I haven’t seen for years.‎ A．come upon B．come in C．come out D．come up 答案　A 解析　come upon表示“偶然发现或遇见某人某物”；come in表示“进入”；come out表示“出现，显现”；come up表示(种子、植物等)长出地面；走近；被提出。句意为：——‎ 什么使你那么高兴，玛丽？——噢，我刚刚遇到一位多年未见的老朋友。‎ ‎ Ⅴ.短文改错 I’m glad to write to you.It has been a month since you our hospital.I’m still worried about you. are you getting along these days? I think you may be much better now.But you’d better to have a good rest and take good care yourself, for you are a sixtyyearold man.I still remember those days you helped me with my English.With your help， made a little progress. to my regret, my English very bad though I work hard at it.Can you give me some on it? ‎ Ⅵ.书面表达 假定你住在一个涉外小区。社区委员会请你帮忙用英文以短文形式写一封电子邮件，将周末农家采摘活动的安排传达给住户。‎ 要点：‎ 时间：下周六上午8∶00至11∶00‎ 内容：采摘苹果 报名：办公室，下周四下午5∶00前 提示：带帽子、手套 欢迎踊跃参加 注意：1.词数100左右，开头已为你写好；‎ ‎2．可适当增加细节以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3．参考词汇：社区community ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ 参考范文 Hi，everyone!‎ The committee of our community will arrange our residents to pick up apples from 8∶00～11∶00 next Saturday.It will do good to our health and we can have a chance to relax.If you are willing to join in the activity，please sign up for it before 5∶‎00 in the afternoon of next Thursday.Please prepare caps and gloves in advance.‎ Welcome everyone’s attending.‎ Thanks a lot.‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as shortterm teachers，almost three times the number hired last year，________ reduce unemployment pressures.(江苏高考)‎ A．help B．to have helped C．to help D．having helped 答案　C 解析　根据句意可知此处应该选动词不定式作目的状语。‎ 课文原文 ‎ ‎...for he works the land to_do_his_research.‎ My uncle’s house in the downtown area is much smaller than ours，but it is twice ________ expensive.(四川高考)‎ A．as B．so C．too D．very 答案　A 解析　but分句实际上是一个省略句，补充完整为：but it is twice as expensive as ours。‎ 课文原文 Using his hybrid rice，farmers are producing harvests twice_as_large_as_before.‎ The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities ________ rising steadily since 1997.(山东高考)‎ A．is B．are C．has been D．have been 答案　C 解析　“the number of＋n.”作主语时，其谓语动词用单数形式；由since 1997可知句子的时态应用现在完成时。‎ 课文原文 These increased harvests mean that 22% of the world’s people are fed from just 7% of the farmland in China.‎ ‎________ twice，the postman refused to deliver our letters unless we chained our dog.(北京高考)‎ A．Being bitten B．Bitten C．Having bitten D．To be bitten 答案　B 解析　Bitten twice在句中作状语，bite与句子主语the postman之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词作状语，表示被动。‎ 课文原文 Born into a poor farmer’s family in 1930，Dr.Yuan graduated from Southwest‎ Agricultural ‎College in 1953.‎ Excuse me，Marcia，a reporter from Vanity Fair ________ all day.Could you speak to her now？(辽宁高考)‎ A．phones B．has phoned C．has been phoning D．phoned 答案　C 解析　句意为：对不起，玛西娅，一位来自Vanity Fair的记者一整天都在打电话，你现在能和她通话吗？表示过去开始的动作一直持续进行到现在用现在完成进行时。题干中all day表示一段时间。‎ 课文原文 Recently，however，scientists have_been_finding that longterm use of these fertilizers can cause damage to the land and，even more dangerous，to people’s health.‎