2020届二轮复习阅读理解策略课件（共74张PPT）

2020届二轮复习阅读理解策略课件（共74张PPT）

高考阅读理解策略 认识高考 一、高考阅读理解文章分析 1. 体裁：应用文、说明文、议论文、记叙文 2. 题材：生活实际、社会科学、自然科学、人文文化、文学作品（文学评论） 年份 A 篇 B 篇 C 篇 D 篇 2019 旅行地宣传 黄石公园火山 对技术的误解 钢琴家与阿茨海默症老人的故事 2018 博物馆指南 影响 餐厅 的因素 支持小农户 社交媒体对儿童的影响 2017 书籍介绍 鸟的胎教 反垄断 环保新方式 一、高考阅读理解文章分析 1. 体裁：应用文、说明文、议论文、记叙文 2. 题材：生活实际、社会科学、自然科学、人文文化、文学作品（文学评论） 3. 特点： 1) 涵盖新课标中要求的主题语境：人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。 2) 连续性文本和非连续性文本形式都有呈现。 3) 注重考查语言技能、语言知识、文化知识和学习策略。 二、 高考阅读理解命题分析 命题分类：主旨大意、细节理解、推理判断、词义猜测、写作手法 1. 主旨大意 The passage is mainly about _____________. What does the first/last paragraph talk about? What can be a suitable title for the passage? Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of the passage? What is the purpose of writing the passage? 2. 细节理解 Which of the following is (not) true? The reason for… is ____________. According to the passage, when (where, who, how etc.) …? 3. 推理判断 The writer implies that _____________. It can be inferred from the passage that _____________. The author strongly suggests that ______________. What do we learn about… from paragraph 3? The study/example indicates that ________________. 4. 词义猜测 What does the underlined word/phrase most probably mean? Which of the following word/phrase shares the same meaning of the underlined word/phrase? (2020 零模 ) 5. 写作手法 How does the writer recommend the book to readers? (2017 年江苏 ) A. By giving details of its collection. B. By introducing some of its contents. C. By telling stories at the beginning. D. By comparing it with other books. 解题策略 抓住 5 个常考处 1 ）段首和段尾 中心句和结论句 注意有没有引入（ hook ） 抓住 5 个常考处 2 ）引语 引用专家的话证明自己观点 注意说话人的情感态度 抓住 5 个常考处 3 ）转折 however, but, in fact, instead, nevertheless, though, while 等 抓住 5 个常考处 4 ）因果 because, since, for, so, therefore, as a result, consequently, thus, hence 等 抓住 5 个常考处 5 ）特殊标点符号 破折号：解释说明或补充信息 冒号：解释说明 括号：解释说明 引号：引用，或者词义变化 2019 年高考阅读详解 A 篇 本文介绍了 Buxton 小镇的特色和旅游景点，属于应用文。 三个小标题对应三个部分：体育活动、文化活动和适合孩子玩乐的地方。 图片意义不大，可以忽略。 答案详解 56. If you want to take an underground journey, which place is the best choice? A. Pole's Caven . B. Pavilion Gardens. C. Buxton Museum. D. Green Man Gallery. 答案详解 【56 题 】 细节理解题。问题关键词是 take an underground journey 。根据 High energy 中的 or journey beneath the earth at Poole’s Cavern. 可知，在 Poole 的 Cavern ，可以在地下旅行，故 A 项正确。 答案详解 57. Buxton Open House & Pavilion Arts Centre is special because it offers ________. A. rides in small trains B. courses in modern arts C. artistic and cultural activities D. basic courses in horse riding 答案详解 【57 题详解 】 细节理解题。问题关键词是 Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre 和 special 。根据 High minded 中的 Buxton is justifiably proud of its cultural life and you’ll find much to suit all tastes with art, music, opera and the performing arts at Buxton Opera House & Pavilion Arts Centre and Green Man Gallery. 可知， Buxton 以其丰富的文化生活而自豪。故 C 选项正确。 词汇积累 memory—memorable cave—caving just—justice—justify—justifiably 值得回忆的，难忘的 洞穴探险 理所当然地 B 篇 B 篇文章讲述了 Christiansen 发现黄石公园火山的过程，属于自然科学类的说明文。 B 篇 段落大意 Para 1: Bob Christiansen became puzzled that he couldn’t find the park’s volcano. Para 2: There are two kinds of volcanoes, and Yellowstone belongs to the second type. Para 3: How Christiansen solved the mystery. 重点句理解 1. In the 1960s, while studying the volcanic history of Yellowstone National Park, Bob Christiansen became puzzled about something that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before: he couldn't find the park's volcano. 结构分析：前半段是 while 引导的时间状语从句，主句中有个定语从句 that, oddly, had not troubled anyone before 。注意 oddly 是插入语。 重点句理解 2. Most of us ， when we talk about volcanoes, think of the classic cone （圆锥体） shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro, which are created when erupting magma （岩浆） piles up. 结构分析：句里包含了一个 when 引导的时间状语从句和 which 引导的非限制性定语从句，还包含了一个 when 引导的时间状语从句。主句其实很简单： Most of us think of the classic cone （圆锥体） shapes of a Fuji or Kilimanjaro 。 重点句理解 3. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors' centers. 此句是个复合句，包含了一个同位语从句 that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors‘ centers ，注意 that 是连词，在同位语从句中不做成分，但不能丢。 blow-up 根据前面的 photographs 和 copies 可以进行猜测是和照片有关。 答案详解 58. What puzzled Christiansen when he was studying Yellowstone ？ A. Its complicated geographical features. B. Its ever-lasting influence on tourism. C. The mysterious history of the park. D. The exact location of the volcano. 答案详解 【58 题 】 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 But Christiansen couldn’t find the Yellowstone volcano anywhere. 可知，他困惑的是在黄石公园找不到火山。故选 D 。 答案详解 59. What does the second-paragraph mainly talk about ？ A. The shapes of volcanoes. B. The impacts of volcanoes. C. The activities of volcanoes. D. The heights of volcanoes. 答案详解 【59 题 】 主旨大意题。本段讲述了两种形状的火山，一种是通常人们所理解的由火山岩浆堆积形成的圆锥体，还有一种极具爆发力的火山，它们会在一个大裂缝中爆裂，留下一个巨大的洞，故选 A 。 答案详解 60. What does the underlined word "blow-up" in the last paragraph most probably mean ？ A. Hot-air balloon. B. Digital camera. C. Big photograph. D. Bird's view. 答案详解 【60 题 】 词义猜测题。根据第三段第一句 Just at this time NASA decided to test some new high-altitude cameras by taking photographs of Yellowstone. A thoughtful official passed on some of the copies to the park authorities on the assumption that they might make a nice blow-up for one of the visitors’ centers. 可知，美国国家航空航天局为测试一些新的高海拔照相机而拍摄了黄石公园的照片。一位深思熟虑的官员把其中的一些照片副本转交给了公园管理部门，认为他们可能会将其供游客中心展示，故此处意为“照片”，选 C 。 词汇积累 odd—oddly volcano—volcanic account for pile up remark—remarkable—remarkably top out explode—explosive 奇怪的是 火山的 解释说明，组成 堆积 非常地，格外地 冒出来 爆炸的；炸药 词汇积累 was of this second type high altitude camera copies on the assumption that spot the caldera must have blown up 是第二类的 高空摄像机 拷贝，副本，（书的）一册 认为 发现火山口 肯定曾经爆炸 C 篇 本文论述了人们对技术进步的误解，属于社会科学类的议论文。 C 篇 段落大意 Para 1-2: Introduction to the topic and the writer’s opinion Para 3-5: The bad results that such fascination with modern technology has led to. Para 6: Our fascination with the latest technology has led us to the wrong directions. ） 重点句理解 1. It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people's opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 结构分析：第一句是复合句，包含了 if 引导的条件状语从句。本句中 matter 出现了两次，第一个 matter 是及物动词：要紧，重要 ; 有重大影响 ; 有重要性。第二个 matter 是名词：事件 ; 问题。第二句是复合句，包含了 as 引导的原因状语从句。注意 however 这个词非常重要，它往往揭示了作者的真实观点。 重点句理解 2. The fascination with the ICT (Information and Communication Technology) revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so "yesterday" that they should try to live on ideas. 第一句主句： The fascination has made some rich countries wrongly conclude… ， conclude 后面接宾语从句 that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas ，包含 so…that… 引导的是结果状语从句。 represented by the Internet, 是过去分词短语做后置定语，修饰 revolution 。 yesterday 是副词，加上引号是词义引申，理解为“过时的”。 重点句理解 3. Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries. 第一句的主句： the fascination has moved the international community… 。。 international community 的意思的是“国际社会”。 to worry about the "digital divide" between the rich countries and the poor countries 是宾补，构成复合宾语。本句的核心关键词汇有： worryingly ， worry about ， digital divide 。 重点句理解 4. In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a "borderless world". 第一句是一个包含有 that 引导的宾语从句的复合句，中间又有一个 so…that… 句型，引导结果状语从句。 重点句理解 5. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. 前半句是复合句，包含了 that 引导的宾语从句，其中包含了 whatever 引导的主语从句。 going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back 这句话中， which 引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是 great technological progress ，做 going against 的宾语。 重点句理解 6. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results. Believing in such a world 作原因状语，说明了政府终结了一些必要规定的理由。还要联系上文，理解 such a world 就是指上文提到的“ a borderless world ”。 重点句理解 7. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions. 这是一个复合句， what 引导的宾语从句做 of 的宾语。注意从句中的动词 can, and has, led ，里面蕴含了两层含义，“能够并且以及导致了 …… ”。 答案详解 61. Misjudgments on the influences of new technology can lead to __________. A. a lack of confidence in technology B a slow progress in technology C. a conflict of public opinions D. a waste of limited resources 答案详解 【61 题 】 细节理解题。根据第二段 However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources. 可知，对信息技术的错误判断会导致有限资源的错误使用，也就是资源的浪费，故选 D 。 答案详解 62. The example in Paragraph 4 suggests that donators should __________. A. take people's essential needs into account B. make their programmes attractive to people C. ensure that each child gets financial support D provide more affordable internet facilities 答案详解 【62 题 】 推理判断题。根据第四段 Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things … and benefits of alternative uses of their money. 可知，作者不是说这些东西一定更重要，但是很多捐赠者没有仔细考虑捐赠的东西的长期成本，因此作者建议捐赠者要考虑接受捐赠的人的实际情况，而不是一味地追求信息化，故选 A 。 答案详解 63. What has led many governments to remove necessary regulations? A. Neglecting the impacts of technological advances. B. Believing that the world has become borderless. C. Ignoring the power of economic development. D. Over-emphasizing the role of international communication. 答案详解 【63 题 】 细节理解题。根据第五段内容可知，对新东西的迷恋让人们认为如今通讯技术和交通的变革让我们生活在一个无国界的世界，正是认为我们生活在这样一个世界，很多政府取消了关于跨国界的资本、劳动力以及商品流动的法律法规，故选 B 。 答案详解 64. What can we learn from the passage? A. People should be encouraged to make more donations. B. Traditional technology still has a place nowadays. C. Making right career choices is crucial to personal success. D. Economic policies should follow technological trends. 答案详解 【64 题 】 推理判断题。根据最后一段结论句 However, our fascination with the latest, and our under-valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions. 可知，我们现在迷恋于最新技术，低估了一些常见的东西，以及走上了错误的方向，推断可知作者认为传统的技术依然占有一席之地，故选 B 。 词汇积累 judgement—misjudgment scarce resources fascinate—fascinating—fascination post-industrial society digital divide I am not saying that… but… 误判 稀少资源 着迷，迷恋 后工业社会 数字鸿沟 我的意思不是 …… ，但是 …… 词汇积累 revolution—revolutionary a borderless world cross-border flows of capital under-valuation 革命性的 无国界的世界 资本的跨国流动 低估 D 篇 本文讲述了钢琴师 Naomi 帮助一个患阿尔茨海默病的老人 Steve 录制音乐的故事，属于记叙文。 故事脉络：女儿 Melissa 想帮助父亲录下他的曲子 —Naomi 帮助老人录曲 — 老人的作曲热情被激发，创作出“忧郁之花”，并寄给 Naomi—Naomi 把“忧郁之花”列入音乐会曲目 — 之后 Naomi 又举办了一场音乐会，演奏老人的音乐。 重点句理解 1. Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music, to which she fell asleep each night when she was young. 结构分析： to which she fell asleep 是一个非限制性定语从句。 his music 是先行词， which 是关系代词。本句涉及了一个短语 fall asleep to the music （听着音乐睡觉），注意我们学过 dance to the music 。 重点句理解 2. Naomi put a small recorder near the piano. Starts and stops and mistakes. Long pauses, heart sinking. But Steve pressed on, playing for the first time in his life for a stranger. Naomi 在钢琴边放了一台小录音机。他弹弹停停，演奏中间掺杂着失误。他暂停良久，让人觉得心情沉重。但是， Steve 努力坚持着，这是他这一生第一次为陌生人演奏。 （注意本文句子简练，和 C 篇形成鲜明对比） 重点句理解 3. Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal songs. With Naomi’s help, the Goodwin family found a sound engineer to record Naomi playing Steve’s songs. Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t. 注意本段最后一句话， Joni 以为事情到此结束了，但事实并非如此。（引出下文的音乐会） 重点句理解 4. Steve arrived and sat in the front row, surrounded by his family. The house lights faded. Naomi took the stage. Her fingers. His heart. Steve 到了现场并坐在前排，家人围坐在四周。此时灯光暗了。 Naomi 开始演奏。他的心完全沉浸在她的演奏之中。 答案详解 65. Why did Melissa want to save her father’s music? A. His music could stop his disease from worsening. B. She wanted to please her dying old father. C. His music deserved to be preserved in the family. D. She wanted to make her father a professional. 答案详解 【65 题 】 细节理解题。根据第二段可知， Steve 是一位专业的软件工程师，还是一个钢琴的热爱者，是家里唯一的音乐家，音乐是他真正热爱的东西，尽管没有在家以外的地方弹奏过钢琴。根据第三段 Melissa, his daughter, felt it more than worthwhile to save his music. 可知，他的女儿 Melissa 觉得保存他的音乐很有价值，故选 C 。 答案详解 66. After hearing Steve’s playing, Naomi ________. A. refused to make a comment on it B. was deeply impressed by his music C. decided to free Steve from suffering D. regretted offering help to her friend 答案详解 【66 题 】 推理判断题。根据第十段“ It was beautiful.” Naomi said after listening to the recording. “The music was worth saving.” 可知，听了录音之后 Naomi 说很美，值得保存，故可以得出 Naomi 对 Steve 的音乐印象深刻，故选 B 。 答案详解 67. How can the process of Steve’s recording be described? A. It was slow but productive. B. It was beneficial to his health. C. It was tiresome for Naomi. D. It was vital for Naomi’s career. 答案详解 【67 题 】 推理判断题。根据第十二段 . He’d move his fingers clumsily on the piano, and then she’d take his place. 以及第十三段 Steve and Naomi spoke in musical code lines, beats, intervals, moving from the root to end a song in a new key. Steve heard it. All of it. He just couldn’t play it. 可知这个录制过程很慢。根据第十六段 Naomi managed to figure out 16 of Steve’s favorite, and most personal, songs. 可知作品很多。所以录制过程很慢但很有成效。故选 A 。 答案详解 68. Before Steve finished “Melancholy Flower," his wife Joni _______. A. thought the music talent of Steve was exhausted B. didn’t expect the damage the disease brought about C. didn’t fully realize the value of her husband’s music D. brought her husband’s music career to perfection 答案详解 【68 题 】 推理判断题。根据第十六段 Joni thought that would be the end. But it wasn’t. 以及后文 Steve 取得的成就可知，在完成 Melancholy Flower 之前，他的妻子还没完全意识到丈夫的音乐的真正价值，故选 C 。 答案详解 69. How did Steve feel at the concert held in downtown Portland ？ A. He felt concerned about his illness. B. He sensed a responsibility for music. C. He regained his faith in music. D. He got into a state of quiet. 答案详解 【69 题 】 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段 He knew the path his life was now taking. He told his family he was at peace. 可知，他知道自己的人生道路，他告诉家人他很平静。故选 D 。 答案详解 70. What can be a suitable title for the passage? A. The Kindness of Friends B. The Power of Music C. The Making of a Musician D. The Value of Determination 答案详解 【70 题 】 主旨大意题。本文主要讲述一个钢琴师帮助一个患老年痴呆症的人录制音乐的故事，虽然录制过程很艰难，但是录制的音乐很成功。 B 项“音乐的力量”概括了全文内容，是最佳标题。故选 B 。 词汇积累 more than worthwhile press on clumsy—clumsily musical code signature piece lead up to at peace take the stage 非常值得 坚决推进 笨拙地 音乐密码（术语） 代表作 导向，引起 内心平静 登台演出 Thank you!