专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气(命题猜想)-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 (解析版)

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专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气(命题猜想)-2019年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题 (解析版)

‎【考向解读】 ‎ 情态动词用来表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气,在情景交际和虚拟语气中得到广泛使用。情态动词为中学英语考试大纲要求内容,并且是高考内容中的难点之一。其主要考点主要集中在情态动词的基本意义及“情态动词+have done”结构的用法。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破一】 情态动词的基本用法 ‎ ‎1.can和could的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示“能力”。 ‎ ‎(2)表示理论上的可能性,“有时候可能会”,用于肯定 ‎ 句中。 ‎ ‎(3)表示礼貌地请求,意为“能,可以”。could可代替can,表示委婉的语气。 ‎ ‎(4)cannot...too/enough表示“无论……也不过分”;“越……越好……”。 ‎ No one can be compared with Yao Ming in playing basketball.在打篮球方面,无人能与姚明相媲美。 ‎ It is usually warm in my hometown in March,but it can be ‎ rather cold sometimes. ‎ 我的家乡三月份通常很暖和,但有时候也会相当冷。 ‎ You can’t be too careful while driving. ‎ 开车时越小心越好。 ‎ ‎—Could I use your bike tomorrow? ‎ ‎——明天我可以用一下你的自行车吗? ‎ ‎—Yes,you can./No,I’m afraid not. ‎ ‎——是的,你可以。/不,恐怕不行。‎ ‎2.may和might的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示允许、许可、请求,might比may的语气更委婉。 ‎ 当may用于疑问句时,其否定回答:No,...mustn’t。 ‎ ‎(2)may as well+动词原形“最好;倒不如……”。 ‎ ‎—May I take this book out of the reading room? ‎ ‎——我可以把书拿出阅览室吗? ‎ ‎—No,you mustn’t.You read it in here. ‎ ‎——不,绝不可以。你在这儿读。 ‎ If you think the price of beef is too high,you may as well buy some pork.It depends on you.如果你认为牛肉太贵的话,你不妨买些猪肉。这由你自己决定。 ‎ ‎3.must的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示必要性,意为“必须”。当must用于疑问句时,其否定回答为:No,...needn’t/don’t have to。 ‎ ‎(2)表示偏执,固执,意为“非得,偏要”。 ‎ ‎—Must you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?——你一定要现在插话吗?难道你没有看到 我 正 在打电话吗? ‎ ‎—Sorry sir,but it’s urgent. ‎ ‎——抱歉,先生。但事情紧急。 ‎ You mustn’t park here!It’s an emergency exit. ‎ 你不可以在这儿停车!这是紧急出口处。‎ ‎—Must I give up smoking?——我必须戒烟吗? ‎ ‎—Yes,you must./No,you needn’t. ‎ ‎——是的,你必须。/不,你不必。 ‎ ‎4.shall的用法 ‎ ‎(1)用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。 ‎ ‎(2)用于第二、第三人称陈述句中,表示说话人 给对 方 的 命令、警告、允诺或威胁。 ‎ ‎—Will you read me a story,Mummy? ‎ ‎——妈妈,给我讲个故事好吗? ‎ ‎—OK.You shall have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.‎ ‎——好的,如果你尽快上床睡觉我就给你讲一个。 ‎ ‎—What time shall I pick you up at your house tomorrow,sir?‎ ‎——先生,我明天什么时候到你家接你? ‎ ‎—I haven’t decided on the time.But I will call you. ‎ ‎——我还没有决定时间,但是我会给你打电话的。 ‎ ‎5.should 的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示劝告和建议,意为“应该”。 ‎ ‎(2)表示推测、可能性、预期,意为“应该;可能”。 ‎ ‎(3)用于表示感情或意志等的that从句中,意为“竟然……;居然……”。 ‎ There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.‎ 既然你在驾校训练了那么多,通过路考应该没有什么困难。 ‎ I should go and visit him this afternoon,but I wonder if I will be free. ‎ 今天下午我应该去看望他,但是我不知道我是否有空。 ‎ It seems unfair that this should happen to me. ‎ 真不公平,这件事竟然发生在我身上。 ‎ ‎6.will和would的用法 ‎ ‎(1)表示意志或意愿。will指现在,would指过去。 ‎ ‎(2)表示习惯性动作,意为“总是”,will指现在,would指过去. ‎ ‎(3)表示功能,意为“能,行”。 ‎ The door wouldn’t open,no matter how hard she pushed. ‎ 无论她怎么努力去推,这扇门就是打不开。 ‎ Days later,my brother called to say he was all right,but ‎ wouldn’t say where he was.几天后,我哥哥打电话说他一切 ‎ 都好,但不愿意说他在哪儿。 ‎ Every morning he will have a walk along this river. ‎ 每天早晨,他总是沿着这条小河散步。 ‎ 例1.(2018·北京卷)12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A. need B. should C. can D. must ‎【答案】C ‎【变式探究】(2017•天津)My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫,我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢;B.不应该;C不需要;D.不许。根据句意,故选C。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】—Can’t you stay a little longer? ‎ ‎—It’s getting late.I really ________ go now.My daughter is home alone. ‎ A.may B.can ‎ C.must D.dare ‎ 答案;C ‎【变式探究】 Although you ________find bargains in London,it’s not generally a cheap place to shop. ‎ A.should B.need ‎ C.must D.can ‎ 解析:考查情态动词的基本用法。 句意:虽然你________在伦敦找到便宜货,但那通常不是一个购物便宜的地方。can表示“可能”时尽管多用于否定句和疑问句中,但在肯定句 中可以表示“可能”,指客观上的可能性。由语境可知,此 处表示“你可能在伦敦找到便宜货”,指客观上的可能性, 故选择can。should应该;need需要;must必须,肯定。 ‎ 答案:D ‎ ‎【命题热点突破二】 情态动词表示推测 ‎ 情态动词表示推测三步判断:(1)首先看是肯定句、否定句还是疑问句。肯定句中一般must/may/might;否定句和疑问句中一般用can/could。(2)然后看是对什么时间的推测;表示对现在的推测用“情态动词+do”,表示对过去的推测用 “情态动词+have done”。(3)最后看句子语气的肯定程度,must(十分肯定)>may(不太肯定)>could/might(可能性较小)。 ‎ 例2.(2018·天津卷)10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。‎ ‎【变式探究】You ________ feel all the training a waste of time,but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. ‎ A.should B.need ‎ C.shall D.may ‎ 答案:D ‎【易错警示】情态动词表示推测的误用 高考对情态动词表示推测的考查基本集中在must,may,might,can和could的用法上。‎ 要切记:对现在和将来的推测用“情态动词+动词原形”;对正在发生的动作的推测用“情态动词+be doing”;对过去的推测用“情态动词+have done”。‎ Life is unpredictable;even the poorest might become the richest. ‎ 生活是不可预料的,甚至最贫穷的可能变成最富有的。 ‎ ‎—Look! There comes our head teacher.‎ ‎——看!我们班主任来了。 ‎ ‎—That can’t be him.He is in Indonesia. ‎ ‎——那一定不是他。他现在在印尼。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】‎ ‎—Has Peter started out?He said he would go hiking with us. ‎ ‎—He________.He is a man of his word. ‎ A.could have started B.must have started ‎ C.could start D.must start ‎ 解析:考查情态动词。句意:——Peter已经出发了吗?他说他会与我们一起去远足。——他肯定已经出发了。他是一 个信守诺言的人。根据“He is a man of his word.”可知,答 话人猜测Peter肯定已经动身了。‎ ‎“must+have done” 表示对过去情况的肯定猜测,符合语境。 ‎ 答案:B ‎【命题热点突破三】情态动词+have done 例3.I ________ have worried before I came to the new school,for my classmates here are very friendly to me. ‎ A.mightn’t B.mustn’t ‎ C.needn’t D.couldn’t ‎ 答案:C ‎【变式探究】‎ ‎—Why are your eyes so red? You ________ have slept well last night. ‎ ‎—Yeah,I stayed up late writing a report. ‎ A.can’t B.mustn’t ‎ C.needn’t D.won’t ‎ 解析:考查情态动词。句意:——你的眼睛为什么这么红?昨晚你不可能睡好觉。——是的,我熬夜写一篇报告。 can’t have done sth.表示对过去事情的推测,表示“不可能做过某事”。 ‎ 答案:A ‎【命题热点突破四】 考查虚拟语气 ‎ 例4.(2018·江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved. ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知,时间的着眼点是现在,因此wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟,故填had。‎ ‎【答案】had ‎【变式探究】(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they ‎ (drive) a few more kilometers. ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意:如果他们再开几公里,他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。根据语境可知,此处表示对过去事实的假设,从句中应该用过去完成时。‎ ‎【答案】had driven ‎【变式探究】(2018·天津卷)If we caught the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意和句中的时间状语可知,这是一个主从条件句的虚拟语气,条件从句中有时间状语,因此表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎【答案】caught→had caught ‎【变式探究】(2017·江苏卷) _________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。‎ ‎【举一反三】(2017•江苏) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【变式探究】(2017·北京)If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】句意:如果这个新的安全系统被投入使用过的话,这个事故就不会发生了。根据主句确定是对过去情况的虚拟,所以从句谓语用had done形式,此外根据句意可知是被动,用被动语态,故A项是正确的。‎ ‎【变式探究】________no modern telecommunications,we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. ‎ A.Were there B.Had there been ‎ C.If there are D.If there have been ‎ 答案:A ‎【变式探究】Don’t handle the vase as if it ______ made of steel. ‎ A.is B.were ‎ C.has been D.had been ‎ 解析:考查虚拟语气。句意:不要这么拿着这个花瓶,就好像它是用钢制成的似的。as if表示“似乎,好像”,引导的从句通常用虚拟语气,再结合主句的时态可知是对现在事实的虚拟,所以用一般过去时were。 ‎ 答案:B ‎【易错警示】当suggest作“暗示,表明”,insist作“坚持认为”时,从句要用陈述语气。‎ His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.‎ 他的沉默表明他同意我的决定。‎ He insisted that he hadn’t stolen the money.‎ 他坚持说他没有偷过钱。‎ ‎【高考真题解读】‎ ‎1.(2018·江苏卷)There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I (have) a second chance to become more involved. ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据“There is a good social life in the village”可知,时间的着眼点是现在,因此wish后的从句中的虚拟语气是对现在的虚拟,故填had。 ‎ ‎【答案】had ‎2.(2018·北京卷)They might have found a better hotel if they ‎ (drive) a few more kilometers. ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意:如果他们再开几公里,他们可能会找到更好的旅馆。根据语境可知,此处表示对过去事实的假设,从句中应该用过去完成时。‎ ‎【答案】had driven ‎3.(2018·天津卷)If we caught the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。根据句意和句中的时间状语可知,这是一个主从条件句的虚拟语气,条件从句中有时间状语,因此表示与过去事实相反的假设,从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ ‎【答案】caught→had caught ‎4.【2018·江苏】24. It’s strange that he _______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.‎ A. would B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】B ‎5.(2018·天津卷)10. I can't find my purse. I___________ it in the supermarket yesterday, but I'm not sure.‎ A. should leave B. must have left C. might leave D. could have left ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词表推测。句意:我不能找到我的钱包了,昨天我有可能把它落到超市了,但我不确定。根据句中时间状语yesterday可知,是对过去事情的推测,故用情态动词+ have done,再根据后句but I’m not sure.可知,此推测为不能肯定的推测,故用情态动词could,表示“可能”。故选D。‎ ‎6.(2018·北京卷)12. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.‎ A. need B. should C. can D. must ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意:在今天的信息时代,数据的丢失有时会对一个公司造成严重的问题。数据丢失造成严重问题是客观上会发生的情况,即“客观可能性”,故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没有该用法。need需要;should应该,竟然;must必须,肯定。‎ ‎1.(2017·江苏卷) _________ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气的省略。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。‎ ‎2.(2017•江苏) _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ ‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气和倒装。虚拟语气中,be动词统一用were;虚拟语气的省略形式主要是把if省略,同时把were/should/had提前,即Were /Should/ Had I...,故选B。句意:要不是老师们的支持,该 生是无法克服她自己的困难的。‎ ‎3.(2017·北京)If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened.‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A ‎4.(2017•天津)My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】 句意:我的房间很乱,但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫,我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢;B.不应该;C不需要;D.不许。根据句意,故选C。‎ ‎1.(2016·浙江,15)________(have)the governments and scientists not worked together,AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.‎ ‎【答案】Had 【解析】句意:如果政府和科学家不共同努力,与艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。这是一个省略了从属连词if的虚拟语气句,使用了倒装句式。根据主句的would not have fallen可知,这里是表示过去的虚拟语气,所以用had。‎ ‎2.(2016·浙江,17)George can't ________(go)too far.His coffee is still warm.‎ ‎【答案】have gone 【解析】句意:乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can't have done是对过去的否定推测。‎ ‎3.(2016·北京,34)Why didn't you tell me about your trouble last week?If you ________(tell)me,I could have helped.‎ ‎【答案】had told ‎ 【解析】句意:上个星期你为什么不告诉我你的麻烦事?如果你告诉我了,我就能帮你。根据句意和相关信息判断,条件句表示与过去事实相反的假设,此时从句用过去完成时,主句谓语用“情态动词+have done”形式。‎ ‎1.(2015·北京,29)—Can't you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It's getting late.I really go now.My daughter is home alone.‎ 解析 句意:——你不能再多待一会儿吗?——天要黑了,我真的现在必须走了,我的女儿独自呆在家里。must必须。‎ 答案 must ‎2.(2015·浙江,4)It was so noisy that we not hear ourselves speak.‎ 解析 句意:太吵闹了,我们连自己说的话都听不到。can/could表示“能力,能够”。根据前面的was可知,此处要用过去时could。‎ 答案 could ‎3.(2015·重庆,12)You be Carol.You haven't changed a bit after all these years.‎ 解析 句意:你一定是Carol,这些年以来你一点都没变。must一定,表示推测,符合句意。‎ 答案 must ‎4.(2015·陕西,21)You feel all the training a waste of time,but I'm a hundred percent sure later you'll be grateful you did it.‎ 答案 may ‎5.(2015·四川,2)You be careful with the camera.It costs!‎ 解析 考查情态动词。句意:你一定要非常小心对待照相机,它很昂贵。此处表示命令语气。‎ 答案 must ‎6.(2015·福建,27)—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad.You have made full preparations.‎ 解析 句意:——很抱歉,妈妈,我的面试又失败了。——噢,真是太糟糕了,你本应该做好充分准备的。考查情态动词+have done的意义。根据上句的面试又失败了,可知是对过去事实的虚拟。should have done本应该做但是没有做。‎ 答案 should ‎7.(2015·天津,7)I have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ 解析 句意:在来到新学校前我本不必担心,因为在新学校我的同班同学对我很友好。考查情态动词。needn't have done...本不必做的事做了。 ‎ 答案 needn't ‎8.(2015·北京,34)If I (see)it with my own eyes, I wouldn't have believed it.‎ 解析 句意:如果不是亲眼看到,我就不会相信这件事。由主句中的谓语动词wouldn't have believed 可知是对过去情况的虚拟,虚拟条件句的谓语动词用过去完成时。‎ 答案 hadn't seen ‎9.(2015·重庆,7)Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway (write)his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ 答案 wouldn't have written ‎10.(2015·陕西,23)Ellen is a fantastic dancer.I wish I (dance)as well as her.‎ 解析 句意:艾伦是一位出色的舞者,我希望我能像他跳的那么好。考查虚拟语气。wish后跟宾语从句时,从句中需要用虚拟语气,从句中用did表示对现在事实的虚拟。‎ 答案 danced ‎11.(2015·天津,13)I wish I (be)at my sister's wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ 解析 句意:我希望上个星期二我出席了姐姐的婚礼,但那时我正在纽约出差中。考查虚拟语气。wish后的宾语从句要用虚拟语气,对过去发生过的事情的虚拟要用过去完成时。‎ 答案 had been ‎12.(2015·安徽,32)It is lucky we booked a room, or we (have)nowhere to stay now.‎ 解析 句意:很幸运我们订了一个房间,否则我们现在将无处可住。考查虚拟语气。引导含蓄虚拟条件句,or后面是主句,相当于if we hadn't booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now,根据“now”可知,是对现在进行虚拟,因此用would+动词原形。‎ 答案 would have
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