2018届一轮复习北师大版选修6Unit16Stories学案(2)

2018届一轮复习北师大版选修6Unit16Stories学案(2)

Module 6 Unit 16　Stories ‎ ‎ ‎1．abandon vt.丢弃；抛弃，遗弃，放弃，中止，(与oneself连用)使 ‎ 放纵；使听任；n.[U] 放纵，放任，狂放 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ We were sinking fast，and the captain gave the order to ‎ abandonship.‎ ‎ 我们的船沉得很快，船长下令弃船。 The broken bike was found abandoned by the riverside.‎ ‎ 人们发现那辆损坏的自行车被扔在河边。‎ ‎ He finally abandoned his reformist ideas.‎ ‎ 他终于放弃了自己的改良主义思想。‎ ‎ He abandoned himself to his emotions.‎ ‎ 他任由自己的情绪发作。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ abandon/desert/leave/give up/quit ‎ abandon 指完全、永远地放弃，尤指对之负有责任或义务者，‎ ‎ 放弃一个项目或计划。‎ ‎ desert 强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等(擅离职守)。‎ ‎ leave 普通用词，指舍弃某事或某一职业，或终止同某人的关 ‎ 系，但不涉及动机与结果。‎ ‎ give up普通用语，侧重指没有希望或因外界压力而放弃。‎ ‎ quit 指突然或出其不意地放弃，现一般指“停止”。‎ ‎ quit work停止工作 即学即用 ‎①Despite some difficulties，they’re not going to ________‎ ‎ the plan.‎ ‎ A．abandon B．desert C．forsake D．quit ‎ 解析：意为“放弃”，句意为“尽管有一些困难，他们不打算 ‎ 放弃计划”，A符合题意。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎2．preserve vt.保存，保藏；保护；维护；维持 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ Oil preserves metal from rust.油保护金属免于生锈。‎ ‎ We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural ‎ resources.我们已采取有效措施保护自然资源。‎ ‎ I think these interesting old customs should be preserved.‎ ‎ 我认为这些有趣的旧习俗应该保存下去。‎ ‎ It’s the duty of the police to preserve the public order.‎ ‎ 维护公共秩序是警察的职责。‎ ‎ I need to get out of the house from time to time just to ‎ preserve(＝prevent me from losing) my sanity.‎ ‎ 我需要时不时到户外去以保持头脑清醒。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ defend/guard/protect/preserve ‎ 都含“保护”“使安全”的意思。‎ ‎ defend指“保卫”“防御”，应用范围很广，对象可以是具体的,‎ ‎ 也可以是抽象的。‎ ‎ defend oneself against enemy防御敌人 ‎ guard指“注意观察、戒备，以免受可能的攻击或伤害”。‎ ‎ guard a coastline守卫海岸线 ‎ protect指“保护．..以免遭受危险或伤害等”。‎ ‎ protect the children from harm保护儿童免受伤害 ‎ preserve指“防护、保存……免被分解或腐烂”。 ‎ ‎ Salt preserves food from decay.盐能防止食物腐烂。‎ 即学即用 ‎②It is our duty to ________ our motherland against enemies.‎ A．defend B．protect C．guard D．care 解析：句意：保卫祖国防御外敌是我们的责任。保卫祖国应用defend。‎ 答案：A ‎③Dark glasses are sometimes worn to ________ the eyes from strong sunlight.‎ A．prevent B．care C．defend D．protect 解析：句意：墨镜可以保护眼睛免受强光的伤害。retect...from为固定搭配。‎ 答案：D ‎3.occur vi.发生，出现；存在，被想起，被想到，浮现 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ Earthquakes occur frequently in this area.这一地区经常发生地震。‎ ‎ Do giraffes occur in Africa only? 长颈鹿是不是只在非洲才有？‎ ‎ A brilliant idea occurred to me.我想到一个极好的主意。‎ ‎ Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own ‎ ‎ occasionally?你难道从没想过有时候我或许喜欢独处？[剑桥高阶]‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ occur/happen/take place/break out/come about ‎ happen表示事情的发生存在一定的偶然性。‎ ‎ What has happened？出什么事了？‎ ‎ If anything happens，please let me know.‎ ‎ 不管发生什么事，都请通知我。‎ How did the car accident happen？车祸是怎么发生的？‎ occur 指“发生”时可与 happen 换用，但后接to sb.时，两者含义不同：happen to sb./sth.指不好的事情发生在某人(物)身上；occur to sb.指“某种思想等呈现于某人的大脑中”。‎ take place 表示“发生”，指必然会发生的事情，按计划，安排要发生的事多用 take place；此外take place还可表示“举行某种活动”。 ‎ break out一般是指激烈的，严重的暴力，骚乱，战争，火灾等大事爆发。‎ come about表示“发生、产生”，多指事情已经发生了，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句。 ‎ He happened to know the place.他碰巧知道那个地方。‎ When did the earthquake occur/happen？地震是什么时候发生的？‎ Didn’t it occur to you to phone them about it？‎ 你难道就没想过给他们打个电话？‎ In 1919，the May 4th Movement took place in China.‎ 一九一九年，中国发生了五四运动。‎ Fire broke out last night.昨晚发生了火灾。‎ I’ll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.我怎么也不明白你会一周迟到三次。‎ 即学即用 ‎④That sound doesn’t ________ in his language，so it’s difficult for him to pronounce it.‎ A．happen B．occur C．have D．take place 解析：句意：那个音在他的语言里不存在，因此他发音很困难。occur“ 发生，存在”，其他词无此意。‎ 答案：B ‎⑤A big fire ________ in our neighborhood last night.‎ A．broke out B．was broke out ‎ C．was happened D．brought about 解析：句意：昨天晚上我们附近发生了火灾。表示火灾，战争，自然灾害的爆发只能用break out。‎ 答案：A ‎ ‎⑥Nobody knows when the accident ________.‎ A．happen B．Happened C．has happening D．was happened 解析：句意：无人知道事故是什么时候发生的。根据句意应用一般过去时。‎ 答案：B ‎⑦More crimes ________ in summer than at any other time.‎ A．take place B．is taking place ‎ C．are taken D．taken place 解析：句意：夏天犯罪率比其他时间都高。根据句意应用一般现在时。‎ 答案：A ‎4．eager adj.热心的，热切的，渴望的，急切的 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ He looked around the circle of eager faces.‎ ‎ 他看了看四周热切的脸庞。‎ ‎ She is eager for success.她渴望成功。‎ ‎ She sounded very eager to meet you.‎ ‎ 听得出来她非常渴望见到你。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ (1)表示“担心的”“焦虑的”这一意义时，只能用anxious，不用 ‎ eager；表示 “为……担心”，一般用介词about /for。‎ ‎ He is anxious about (或for) her safety.他担心她的安全。‎ ‎(2)表示“热切的”“渴望的”这一意义时，两者都可用，但有以下几点需注意：‎ ‎①anxious之后一般用介词for，而eager之后可接介词for，after，about等。‎ He is anxious for a bike.他渴望有一辆自行车。‎ We are all eager for (或after) knowledge.我们都求知心切。‎ ‎②两者之后均可接“(for sb.)＋不定式”，表示“渴望或想要(某人)做某事”。‎ He is anxious (或eager) to marry her.‎ 他渴望能与她结婚。‎ He was anxious (或eager) for me to go.他想要我去。‎ ‎③两者之后均可接that从句，且从句谓语一般都用“should＋动词原形”。‎ I’m anxious (或eager) that they should win.我很希望他们会获胜。‎ 即学即用 ‎⑧Our parents always get a little bit ________ if we don’t manage to arrive when we say we will.‎ A．eager B．anxious C．patient D．earnest 解析：我们的父母经常会有点担忧，当我们说回去而又没到时。本题表示“担忧”，故只能用B。‎ 答案：B ‎5. discourage vt.使泄气，使沮丧,劝阻；打消，阻挡，防止 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ be discouraged at/by...‎ ‎ discourage sb. from doing...‎ ‎ discouragement n．泄气，灰心；挫折 ‎ discouraged adj.灰心丧气的，沮丧的 ‎ discouraging adj.令人泄气的 ‎【典型例句】‎ ‎ She was discouraged by setbacks.她因挫折而灰心了。 ‎ ‎ The thought of how much work she had to do discouraged her.‎ ‎ 一想到还有那么多活儿得做她就泄了气。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ We discouraged him from giving up the job.‎ ‎ 我们劝他不要放弃那份工作。‎ ‎ The rain discouraged us from going out.‎ ‎ 雨打消了我们外出的念头。‎ 即学即用 用discourage的适当形式填空 ‎⑨He refused to give up in spite of many ________.‎ ‎⑩Learners can feel ________ if an exercise is too difficult.‎ ‎⑪It may be hard to do at first.Don’t let this ________ you.‎ ‎⑫Today’s report on the economy is rather ________.‎ 答案：⑨discouragements　⑩discouraged　⑪discourage　⑫discouraging ‎6．witness vt.目击，亲眼看到；vi.作证，证明，成为……的证据;‎ ‎ n.目击者，见证人 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ Did you witness the accident？你亲眼看到那次事故了吗？ ‎ ‎ He witnessed the truth of my statement.他证明我的陈述真实。‎ ‎ He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.‎ ‎ 他作证说看到那个男人进入房间。‎ ‎ 注意：witness to中to是介词 ‎ The police found the witness to the murder.‎ ‎ 警察找到了那件谋杀案的目击者。‎ ‎ His offer bears witness to his kindness.‎ ‎ 他的提议证明了他的善意。 [美国传统]‎ 即学即用 ‎⑬ After the explosion，the policemen did a lot of work to find out some clues from the ________.‎ A．onlookers B．viewers C．people D．witnesses 解析：句意：爆炸发生后，警察做了很多工作去从目击证人处寻找线索。只有D符合题意。A.旁观者；B.观众。‎ 答案：D ‎7.vivid adj.鲜艳的；鲜明的；强烈的；有生气的；活泼的，生动 ‎ 的；逼真的；清晰的 ‎【典型例句】‎ ‎ The actresses were wearing vivid historical costumes.‎ ‎ 女演员们穿着鲜艳的古装。‎ ‎ His girlfriend is a vivid young dancer.‎ ‎ 他的女朋友是个活泼的青年舞蹈家。‎ ‎ He gave a very vivid and often shocking account/description of ‎ his time in prison.他生动地讲述/描述了他的狱中生活，他说的 ‎ 常让人觉得很震惊。 [剑桥高阶]‎ 即学即用 ‎⑭I’m not surprised that he became a writer.Even as a child he had a ________ imagination.(2009·天津，13)‎ A．clear B．cautious C．funny D．vivid 解析：句意：他成为作家，我毫不惊讶。孩提时，他就有丰富的想象力。vivid“生动的，逼真的”；clear“清楚的”；cautious“小心的”；funny“滑稽的”。‎ 答案：D ‎ ‎ ‎1．knock sb.over弄翻，打倒，撞倒 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ knock about 接连打击(指拳击)，(浪等)反复冲击(船只)；‎ ‎ [口]到处流浪，漫游 ‎ knock down 打(撞)倒；拆除，拆开 ‎ knock into 把(某种知识)灌输给……；与……相撞；[口]‎ ‎ 偶然碰到(某人)‎ ‎ knock off则指从某个地方(被)撞倒 ‎ knock out 敲出 ‎ knock at 敲门 ‎【典型例句】‎ ‎ A boy was knocked over by a passing car but was ‎ ‎ fortunately unhurt.‎ ‎ 一个男孩被一辆路过的汽车撞倒了，幸运的是没有受 伤。‎ ‎ I accidentally knocked the glass of water over.‎ 我无意中打翻了那杯水。[美国传统]‎ He knocked a glass over.他把玻璃杯打翻了。‎ 即学即用 ‎⑮________ at the door before entering，please.‎ A．Knocked B．To knock C．Knocking D．Knock 解析：本题考查祈使句，所以句首用knock。‎ 答案：D ‎2．in a way在某种程度上说(或in some ways，in one way)‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ in the (或one’s) way 挡道，妨碍 ‎ all the way一路上，一直；完全 ‎ on one’s way to在某人去……的路上 ‎ by the way顺便说说，顺便提起 ‎ by way of经由 ‎ in no way决不 In some ways，television is more challenging than theatre.‎ 从某种意义上讲，电视比戏剧更有挑战性。‎ In a way，a teacher is like a dictionary，particularly an English teacher.‎ 从某种程度上讲，教师像一本字典，特别是英语老师。‎ I like her approach to problems in a way.‎ 从某种意义上说，我喜欢她处理问题的方法。 [美国传统]‎ ‎【典型例句】‎ 即学即用 ‎⑯The chair is ________，please take it away.‎ A．in this way B．in the way ‎ C．on the way D．by the way 解析：句意：椅子碍事，请把它移开。in the way“挡道，妨碍”，符合题意。‎ 答案：B ‎⑰There are usually at least two ________ of looking at every question.‎ A．means B．Directions C．views D．ways 解析：句意：看问题通常要从两方面看待。此处way表示方面。‎ 答案：D ‎3．in particular 特别，尤其，详细地 ‎　【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ particular adj.特别的，特殊的，特定的 ‎ special adj.专门的 ‎ be particular about...对……挑剔 ‎ particularly adv.特别，尤其(＝especially)‎ She stressed that point in particular.她特别强调了那一点。‎ I like that car in particular.我特别喜欢那辆车。[美国传统]‎ His statement refers to people in general，not to anyone in particular.‎ 他的发言是泛指一般情况，不是针对某一个人的。‎ Among all the merchandise，I was interested in the cotton piece in particular.‎ 在所有商品中，我对棉布特别感兴趣。‎ ‎【典型例句】‎ 即学即用 完成句子 ‎⑱The teacher showed ________ concern for the disabled child.‎ 老师特别关心那个残疾儿童。‎ ‎⑲She is ________ about her food.她对食物非常挑剔。‎ ‎⑳The summer here is very hot，________ at noon.‎ 这儿的夏天非常热，尤其是在中午。‎ I came here ________ to see you.我专门来这儿看你。‎ 答案：⑱particular　⑲particular　⑳especially/particularly　specially ‎4．end up以……结束，告终 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ end up＋prep. end up with end up＋adj.‎ ‎ end up doing... at the end (of) 在(……的)末端 ‎ be at an end 结束，终结 by the end of 到结束时,到末尾时 ‎ come (draw) to an end 结束，完结 ‎ put an end to sth. 结束某事 ‎ in the end 最后，终于 ‎ on end不停地，连续地，竖立；竖着 ‎ without end永远的，没有完结的 You will end up in debt if you keep on spending money like that.‎ 你要是老这样花钱，总有一天要负债。‎ We started with soup，and fruit to end up with.‎ 我们开始时喝汤，最后吃水果。‎ We had a banquet，which ended(up) with soup.‎ 我们举行了一个宴会，最后一道是喝汤。‎ If he carries on driving like that，he’ll end up dead.‎ 他照这样开车，早晚得死于非命。‎ There were many problems，but everything worked out in the end.‎ 问题很多，但最终一切都得以解决。 [美国传统]‎ ‎【典型例句】‎ 即学即用 To start with the aim of doing harm to others is only to ________ ruining oneself.‎ A．at the end B．in the end C．make ends meet D．end up 解析：句意：搬起石头砸自己的脚。end up“结束”；at the end“在末端”；in the end“最终”；make ends meet“收支相抵”。‎ 答案：D ‎5．count on依赖，依靠，期待，指望 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ count on sb.‎ ‎ count on sb. to do/doing ‎ count vt. 计算，数，将……计算在内；vi.有重要意义,有价值 ‎ They are counting the books they collected.‎ ‎ 他们正在数收集来的书。‎ ‎ There are ten people，not counting the guide.‎ ‎ 不包括向导，共有十人。‎ ‎ In sport what really counts is not the winning but the playing.‎ ‎ 就运动而言，重要的不是赢，而是参与。‎ ‎ In emergency every second counts.‎ ‎ 紧急情况下，每分每秒都很重要。‎ depend on依赖，依靠，取决于，由……而定 It depends视情况而定 You can depend on him.你可以信赖他。‎ You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English.你放心，汤姆会帮助你学英语的。‎ rely on 依赖，依靠 You may rely on me to help you.你可以信赖我会帮助你的。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ Thanks.I’ll be counting on you.谢谢。一切就依赖你了。‎ She’s counting on you to show movies to her friends.‎ 她盼望着你为她的朋友们放电影呢！‎ You can count on me to help.我肯定会帮你。 [美国传统]‎ We can’t count on the weather being fine.‎ 我们不能指望天气晴朗。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ 即学即用 Surely it doesn’t matter where the students associations get their money from；what ________ is what they do with it.(2007·湖北，29)‎ A．counts B．applies C．stresses D．functions 解析：句意：学生会的资金来源并不重要，重要的是他们如何使用他们的钱。count作动词意为“值得考虑，有价值”；apply“应用，申请”；stress“着重，强调”；function“运转，起作用”。‎ 答案：A ‎　 When we will hold the flower show in the park mainly _______the weather recently.‎ A．lies on B．puts on C．relies on D．depends on 解析：句意：我们什么时候在公园举行花卉展览取决于最近的天气。depends on“依赖，取决于”；rely on“依赖”。‎ 答案：D ‎6．now that 既然，由于 ‎ 【典型例句】‎ ‎ You ought to have a good rest now that you’ve finished the work.‎ ‎ 既然已完成了工作，你就应该好好休息一下。‎ ‎ Now that there is a new tunnel，the road is less dangerous.‎ ‎ 既然有了一个新的隧道，这条路就较少危险了。‎ ‎ Now that spring is here，we can expect warmer weather.‎ ‎ 既然春天到了，天气就有望变暖。 [美国传统]‎ ‎ Now (that) you have come，you may as well stay.‎ ‎ 你既然来了，不妨就住下。‎ ‎【词语辨析】‎ ‎ since/for/because/now that的用法和区别 ‎ (1)since(既然)语气较弱，强调已知的事实。‎ ‎ 例：Since you can’t answer the question，I’ll ask someone else.‎ ‎ 既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。‎ ‎ (2)for是并列连词,表示推断的原因,或对前一分句补充说明理由。‎ ‎ 例：It must be morning ，for the birds are singing.‎ ‎ 一定是清晨了，因为鸟儿在叫。‎ ‎(3)because通常表示直接的原因。because引导的从句表示直接而明确的原因和理由，表示按因果关系的推断，语气很强，用来回答why的问句，一般位于主句之后。‎ 例：We couldn’t go out because it was too cold.因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。‎ ‎(4)now that同since相似，语气较弱，强调人们已知的事实。例：‎ Now that you are busy，let me do it for you.‎ 既然你忙，就让我给你做吧。‎ ‎(5)as意为“因为、由于”，语气比because弱，所引导的从句表示的是不言而喻、显而易见的原因和理由，其从句一般放在主句前。‎ As it was late , we came back soon.‎ 由于时间很晚了，我们很快就回来。‎ 即学即用 ‎_______ you’ve got a chance，you might as well make full use of it.‎ A．Now that B．After C．Although D．As soon as 解析：句意：既然你有机会，还是要好好利用，根据句意，只能选A。‎ 答案：A ‎ A man cannot smile like a child，________ a child smiles with his ‎ eyes，while a man smiles with his lips alone.(湖南，23)‎ A．so B．but C．and D．for 解析：句意：成人微笑与小孩子微笑不一样，因为孩子是用眼睛笑，‎ 而成人仅用嘴唇笑。根据句意，后面的句子提出的是一种理由，for 是并列连词，引出理由。‎ 答案：D ‎ He found it increasingly difficult to read，_______ his eyesight was ‎ beginning to fail.(2008·山东，22)‎ A．and B．for C．but D．or 答案：B ‎7．come out出现，出版；结果是，传出 ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ come的相关短语：‎ ‎ come about发生 ‎ come across偶遇；偶尔发现 ‎ come along一道来；一起去；进步；赶快 ‎ come at袭击 ‎ come (in) first/second得第一/二 ‎ come from出身于；来自 ‎ ‎ come in/into sight出现；被看见 ‎ come into being/existence发生；产生；出现 come into effect/force开始生效；开始实施 come into power/office上台；掌握政权 come into use开始使用 come on(风雨等)到来；演出；赶快 come to＝ come to oneself苏醒过来 come to...总计；谈到， 涉及；谈及(when it comes to...)‎ come up with想出(计划、回答)‎ come up开始；发生；被提出，被讨论；走过来 come down倒塌，下降；流传下来 ‎【典型例句】‎ ‎ The clouds finally parted and the sun came out.‎ ‎ 云终于散去，太阳出来了。 [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ When does their new album come out？‎ ‎ 他们的新专辑什么时候面世？ [剑桥高阶]‎ ‎ The party came out all right.晚会开得很好。‎ ‎ When the news came out，everyone was shocked.‎ ‎ 消息传来，人人都感到震惊。‎ ‎ Two cotyledons have come out from the seedling.‎ ‎ 小苗长出了两片子叶。‎ 即学即用 It’s already 10 o’clock.I wonder how it _______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.(湖北，25)‎ A．came over B．came out C．came about D．came up 解析：句意：现在已经10点了，我真纳闷如此短的旅程她竟晚了两个小时。come about同happen，esp.in a way that seems impossible发生。其他不合题意。‎ 答案：C ‎ —Four dollars a pair ? I think it’s a bit too much.‎ ‎ —If you buy three pairs，the price for each will ________ to three fifty.(安徽，33)‎ A．come down B．take down C．turn over D．go over 解析：句意：——一双4美元？我觉得贵点。——要买3双的话，可以降到3.5美元。come down(价格，温度等)下降。‎ 答案：A ‎—Have you some new ideas?‎ ‎ —Yeah.I’ll tell you later.‎ A．come about 　 B．come into C．come up with D．come out with 解析：句意：——你想出什么新想法了么？——嗯，以后我会告诉你的。come up with 想出，根据句意选C。‎ 答案：C ‎ ‎ ‎1．Pliny described a cloud coming_down_the_mountain，blocking ‎ out the sun and burying everything in its path，including whole ‎ villages and towns.普利尼描述道，当时一团云自山巅而降，遮 ‎ 天蔽日,将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ coming down the mountain是现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰 ‎ a cloud,可改写为定语从句that was coming down the mountain。‎ ‎ blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path是and连 ‎ 接的两个并列的现在分词短语在句中作状语,表结果。including ‎ whole villages and towns相当于whole villages and towns ‎ included。‎ ‎ Six people died in the accident，including 3 children.‎ ‎ Six people died in the accident,3 children included.‎ 即学即用 A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city，______ all four people on board.(2009·上海，31)‎ A．killed B．killing C．kills D．to kill 解析：句意：一架小型飞机在城东五英里外的山坡上坠毁，机上 人员全部遇难。用ing作结果状语。‎ 答案：B ‎ There is a great deal of evidence ________ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.(2009·浙江，7)‎ A．indicate B．indicating ‎ C．to indicate D．to be indicating 解析：句意：有大量的证据表明音乐活动调动大脑不同的部分。ing形式作定语修饰evidence。‎ 答案：B ‎2．Yet，over the centuries，the people who disappeared under ‎ ‎ the ashes of Mount Vesuvius were gradually forgotten by the ‎ world.然而，几百年后，维苏威火山灰下失踪的人们，被世人 ‎ 完全遗忘了。‎ ‎ 【精讲拓展】‎ ‎ (1)yet conj.在这个句子中表示转折，意思是“但是，然而”。‎ ‎ a simple yet very effective system ‎ 一种尽管简单却十分有效的方法 ‎ She is not a beautiful girl，yet you can’t help liking her.‎ ‎ 她不是个漂亮的女孩，但是你却会情不自禁地喜欢她。‎ ‎ yet其他的意思还有adv.：‎ a．用于完成时的疑问句或否定句中，表示“还……，至此”。‎ Has John arrived yet? 约翰来了吗？‎ He wouldn’t let me see it because he hadn’t yet finished.‎ 他不愿意让我看到那件作品，因为他还没做完呢。‎ b．迟早 We may win yet.我们迟早会赢的。‎ The plan could yet succeed.这项计划将来有成功的一天。‎ c．再，还，更 a yet worse mistake 一个更严重的错误 ‎(2)who disappeared under the ashes of Mount Vesuvius是个定语从句修饰the people。 ‎ John plays basketball well，_______ his favorite sport is badminton.(2009·北京，21)‎ A．so B．or C．yet D．for 解析：句意：约翰篮球打得非常好，但是他最喜欢的是羽毛球。yet此处是连词，意思是“但是，然而”。符合题意。‎ 答案：C 即学即用 ‎3．However，much more than buildings and objects，it is the ‎ forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made ‎ the city a monument to human history.但是，与城里的建筑及物 品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓则更使这个城市成为 人类历史上的一座纪念碑。‎ ‎【精讲拓展】‎ ‎(1)该句结构比较复杂。it is the forms of the people...that...是强 调主语。‎ ‎(2) who were caught in the disaster是who引导的限定性定语从句，‎ 修饰先行词 the people。made the city a monument to human ‎ history是make的复合结构，the city是宾语，a monument to ‎ human history是宾语补足语。‎ 即学即用 It was ________ he came back from Africa that year ________ he met the girl he would like to marry.(2009·江西，27)‎ A．when；then B．not；until C．not until；that D．only；when 解析：本题考查强调句型，根据句意应选C。‎ 答案：C ‎ — What do you think of teaching，Bob?‎ ‎ —I find it fun and challenging.It is a job ________ you are doing something serious but interesting.(2009·北京，26)‎ A．where B．which C．when D．that 解析：本题考查定语从句，根据句意，先行词job在从句中作地点状语，故选A。‎ 答案：A ‎4. Another man，lying on his side，looks as if he is trying to get up.另一个人，侧着身躺着，似乎要站起来。‎ ‎【精讲拓展】‎ as if 在此引导表语从句。‎ She looks as if she were ten years younger.‎ 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。‎ It seems as if our team is going to win.看来我们队要胜了。‎ It looks as if it is going to snow.看来要下雪。‎ It seemed as if the suit was made to his own measure.‎ 这套衣服看来似乎是按尺寸给他定做的。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ ‎(1)引导方式状语从句，此时从句中的谓语动词常用虚拟语气。‎ ‎ She loves the boy as if she were his mother.‎ 她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。 ‎ The child talked to us as if he were a grownup.‎ 那孩子跟我们谈起话来像个成年人似的。‎ He talks about Rome as if he had been there before.‎ 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。‎ He opened his mouth as if he would say something.‎ 他张开嘴好像要说什么。‎ ‎(2)as if还可用于省略句中，如果as if 引导的从句是“主语＋系动词”结构且主从句主语相同，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。‎ ‎ He acts as if (he was) a fool.他做事像个傻子。‎ Tom raised his hands as if (he was going) to say something.‎ 汤姆举起手好像要说什么。‎ She left the room hurriedly as if (she was)angry.‎ 她匆忙离开房间好像生气的样子。‎ 即学即用 The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if ______ whether he was going the right direction.‎ A．seeing B．having seen C．to have seen D．to see 解析：本题考查as if 后的省略，根据句意，应是as if he was going to see，故选D。‎ 答案：D ‎ When a pencil is partly in a glass of water，it looks as if it ________.(全国高考题)‎ A．breaks B．has broken C．were broken D．had been broken 解析：本题考查as if 在虚拟语气中的用法,本句表示和现在相反,故用一般过去时。‎ 答案：C ‎5....we must have had one sometime in the past.……在以前的某个时候，我们一定曾有过。‎ ‎【精讲拓展】‎ 句中的must have done 表示对过去肯定的推测，意思是“过去一定……过”。‎ Since the road is wet，it must have rained last night.‎ 路面是湿的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。‎ Mr. Green must have been punished for his being rude at the meeting yesterday，didn’t he?‎ 格林先生一定因为昨天在会上鲁莽的行为被处罚了，是吗？‎ She must have been a policewoman，hasn’t she？‎ 她过去一定是个警察，是吗？ ‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ 情态动词＋have done的用法：‎ ‎(1)must ＋ have done：用于肯定句，表示推测，意为“一定(已经)……”。‎ ‎(2)can ＋ have done：用于否定句或疑问句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。‎ ‎(3)could ＋ have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示推测、责备或遗憾等，意为“可能……”“本来可以……”“本来应该……”等。‎ ‎(4)should (ought to)＋have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示责备或遗憾等，意为“本来应该……”。‎ ‎(5)need＋have done：用于否定句或疑问句，用于否定时意为“本来不必”，用于疑问句时意为“有必要……吗”。‎ ‎(6) may＋have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。‎ ‎(7)might＋have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”(此时 might 可换为 may)；另外还可以表示过去可能发生的事结果未发生，意为“本来会……”(此时might不能换为may)。‎ ‎【典型例句】‎ He can’t have left so soon.他不可能走得这么早。‎ I should have thought of it.我本应想到这一点的。‎ You needn’t have mentioned it.你本没有必要提及此事的。‎ You must have mistaken my intention.‎ 你一定是误会了我的意图。‎ I might have come to a wrong conclusion.‎ 我或许得出了错误的结论。‎ You could have helped me—why did you just sit and watch? ‎ 你本可帮助我的，为什么只坐在一旁瞧着？‎ 即学即用 It ______ have been Tom that parked the car here，as he is the only one with a car.(2009·上海，27)‎ A．may B．can C．must D．should ‎ 解析：句意：一定是汤姆把车停在这里的，因为只有他有车，用must 表示肯定的推测。‎ 答案：C ‎ He did not regret saying what he did but felt that he ________ it differently.(2009·江苏，28)‎ A．could express B．would express C．could have expressed D．must have expressed 解析：句意：他不后悔说了他做了什么，而认为他本能够用不同的方式表达，根据句意选C。‎ 答案：C ‎—I’m sorry.I ________ at you the other day.‎ ‎ —I forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.(2008·江苏，35)‎ A．shouldn’t shout B．shouldn’t have shouted C．mustn’t shout D．mustn’t have shouted 解析：句意：——对不起，前几天我不应该对你大喊大叫。‎ ‎——算了，我当时也有点失控。根据句意应用shouldn’t have done 表本不应该做。‎ 答案：B ‎ ‎6．As Helen’s knowledge and vocabulary expanded，she asked more and more questions.‎ 随着海伦知识和词汇的增加，她问的问题越来越多了。‎ ‎【精讲拓展】‎ ‎(1)more and more 表示越来越多；比较级＋and＋比较级表示越来越……‎ Why are more and more people in China interested in learning English?为什么在中国越来越多的人对学习英语感兴趣？‎ John ran faster and faster on the last lap.‎ 约翰在最后一圈时跑得越来越快。‎ Our city is getting more and more beautiful.‎ 我们的城市变得越来越美丽。‎ ‎(2)as引导时间状语从句，意为“随着，当……的时候”。‎ ‎【归纳拓展】‎ as作连词的用法：‎ ‎(1)作“当……的时候”，引导时间状语从句。注意与when, while的用法区别。 ‎ ‎① when作“当……的时候”解，可以指较短的(一点)时间，也可指一段时间，即非延续性动词。‎ When he was at college，he could speak several foreign languages.‎ When the clock struck twelve，all the lights in the street went out.‎ ‎② while常表示一段较长的时间或一个过程，即延续性动词。强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词同时发生。‎ Work while you work.Play while you play.‎ ‎③但属下列情形时，只用as，而不用when或while。‎ a．用于表示同一个人的两个动作交替进行，指“一边……，一边……”。‎ The girl dances as she sings on the stage.‎ He looked behind from time to time as he went forward.‎ b．表示两个同步发展的动作或行为，译为“随着……”。‎ As time went on/by，she became more and more worried.‎ As children get older，they become more and more interested in the things around them.‎ c．后接名词表示某一年龄段时，用as。‎ As a young man，he was active in sports.‎ ‎(2)as＝since，作“既然”“由于”解，引导原因状语从句，常用来表示已为人们所知或显而易见的原因或理由。‎ As/Since you’re not feeling well，you may stay at home.‎ As he wasn’t ready in time，we went without him.‎ ‎(3)as＝in the way that，作“像”“按照……的方式”解，引导方式状语从句。‎ He speaks English as Americans do.‎ Remember，you must do everything as I do.‎ ‎(4)用于as...as...或not so/ as...as...中，前一个as是副词，后一个as是连词，引导比较状语从句。‎ They helped the old man as often as possible.‎ I don’t speak English so/ as well as he does.‎ ‎(5)作“虽然”“尽管”解，引导让步状语从句。常用倒装语序，即adj./adv./n.＋as ＋主语＋谓语＋主句。‎ Tired as they were，they walked on.Child as he is，he knows a lot.(child前不用冠词)‎ as作关系代词 ‎(1)引导非限制性定语从句，作“正如”“这一点”解。‎ He is very careful，as his work shows.‎ As is wellknown，Taiwan belongs to China.‎ as的这种用法，请看下面的高考题：‎ ‎________ is known to everybody，the moon travels round the earth once every month.‎ A．It B．As C．That D．What 答案：B 经常的搭配有：as is mentioned above；as is often the case；as you have seen；as we all know等。‎ ‎(2)当先行词被the same，such等词修饰时，常用as来引导定语从句。‎ Such a clever boy as he can learn everything quickly.‎ I was reading the same book as he bought yesterday.‎ ‎ as作介词的用法：‎ as引导的介词短语大多用作状语，as译为“作为”；少数情况可引起宾语补足语。‎ As a League member，I’ll take the lead in everything.(状语)‎ She works as a doctor.(状语) ‎ They treat me as one of their own children.(引起宾语补足语)‎ 即学即用 According to statistics，a man is more than twice as likely to die of skin cancer ________ a woman.(2009·江西，24)‎ A．than B．such C．so D．as 解析：本题考查倍数表达法,核心结构为:倍数＋as＋原级＋as，故选C。‎ 答案：D ‎ ______ I explained on the phone，your request will be considered at the next meeting.‎ A．When B．After C．As D．Since 解析：本题考查as引导的非限制性定语从句，根据句意“就像我电话里解释的一样”，选as。‎ 答案：C ‎ _______ is often the case，we have worked out the production plan.‎ A．Which B．When C．What D．As ‎ 解析：理由同，引导定语从句。‎ 答案：D ‎ ‎ ‎1．We haven’t moved into the new office building—it _______ ‎ ‎ right now.‎ ‎ A．is decorating B．has been decorated ‎ C．is being decorated D．has been decorating ‎ 解析：考查动词时态、语态。根据题干中前面一句话的时 ‎ 态及后一句话中的时间状语right now可知,应用现在进行 ‎ 时；又依据语意可知，房子正在(被)装修，因此选C。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎2．—How long have you been here?‎ ‎ —________the end of last month.‎ ‎ A．In B．By C．At D．Since ‎ 解析：since引导的介词短语和现在完成时连用。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎3．She’s asked me________to build the church.‎ ‎ A．how long it was taken B．how long it had taken ‎ C．how much time did it take D．how much time it was taken ‎ 解析：考查宾语从句及take的用法。宾语从句中需用陈述语序,‎ ‎ 故排除C；花时间做——为“it takes some time to do sth.”,‎ ‎ 故排除A、D。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎4．Although the causes of cancer________，we do not yet have ‎ any practical way to prevent it.‎ ‎ A．are being uncovered ‎ B．have been uncovering ‎ C．are uncovering ‎ D．have uncovered ‎ 解析：因为句子的主语the causes of cancer与谓语uncover ‎ 是被动关系，因此我们使用被动结构，只有A 符合这一条 ‎ 件。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎5．By the end of last year，another new gymnasium________in ‎ ‎ Beijing.‎ ‎ A．would be completed B．was being completed ‎ C．has been completed D．had been completed ‎ 解析：by意为“到……为止”。by后加过去时间，主句用过去 ‎ 完成时，如by后加现在时间，用现在完成时，如by后加将来 ‎ 时，主句要用将来完成时。by the end of last year常与过 ‎ 去完成时连用。表示到过去某个时候前已完成的动作。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎6．When and where to go for the onsalaryholiday ______ yet.‎ ‎ A．are not decided B．have not been decided ‎ C．is not being decided D．has not been decided ‎ 解析：根据副词yet可确定用现在完成时，可排除A、C；‎ ‎ 不定式,动名词及从句作主语,谓语动词用单数,when and ‎ where to do sth.为一个问题,要用has not been decided。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎7．The result was far beyond________we had expected，______‎ ‎ brought great joy to every one of us.‎ ‎ A．that；which B．than；that ‎ C．what；what D．what；which ‎ 解析：考查宾语从句和定语从句。第一空用what引导宾语从 ‎ 句，连词what在从句中作宾语,第二空用which引导非限制性 ‎ 定语从句，关系代词which指代主句内容。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎ ‎8．The new suspension bridge________by the end of last month.‎ ‎ A．has been designed ‎ B．had been designed ‎ C．was designed ‎ D．would be designed ‎ 解析：在含有by引导的表示过去意义的时间状语的句子中，‎ ‎ 谓语动词要用过去完成时。句意：到上月为止已完成了吊桥 ‎ 设计。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎9.—How are you today?‎ ‎ —Oh，I________as ill as I do now for a very long time.‎ ‎ A．didn’t feel B．wasn’t feeling ‎ C．don’t feel D．haven’t felt ‎ 解析：现在完成时表示从过去的某个时候开始一直延续 ‎ 到现在的动作或状态。从句子的意思可知，从过去某个 ‎ 时候开始，已经病了很长时间了。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎10．A new cinema________here. They hope to finish it next ‎ ‎ month.‎ ‎ A．will be built B．is built ‎ ‎ C．has been built D．is being built ‎ 解析：根据They hope to finish it next month.说明电影 ‎ 院还在建设之中，所以时态用进行时；另外语态为 ‎ 被动语态。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎ ‎ 过去完成时 一、定义：过去完成时是表示在过去某一时间或某一动作之前 ‎ 已经发生或完成的动作、事情。它表示的是发生在“过去 ‎ 的过去”的动作，只有在和过去某个时间或动作相比较的 ‎ 时候才会使用过去完成时。‎ 二、构成：过去完成时的构成： had ＋过去分词 三、用法：‎ ‎1．与by，before，by the end of引导的表示过去的时间状语连用。‎ by then，by，before nine o’clock yesterday，by the end of last year，by the age of twenty，by the time I arrived...‎ ‎2．在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。‎ When I returned home，my guest had already left.‎ I did not see the film because I had seen it before.‎ ‎3．常用于told，said，knew，heard，thought，asked等动词后的宾 语从句。‎ She said (that) she had never been to Paris.‎ He asked what I had said.‎ 现在完成时和过去完成时的区别：‎ 现在完成时强调对现在的影响或结果，过去完成时强调对过去的影 响或结果。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎1．He asked me ________ during the summer holidays.‎ ‎ A．where I had been B．where I had gone ‎ C．where had I been D．where had I gone ‎ 答案：B ‎2．What ________ Jane ________ by the time he was seven?‎ ‎ A．did；do B．has；done ‎ C．did；did D．had；done ‎ 答案：D ‎3．I ________ 900 English words by the time I was ten.‎ ‎ A．learned B．was learning ‎ C．had learned D．learnt ‎ 答案：C ‎4．She ________ lived here for ________ years.‎ ‎ A．had；a few B．has；several ‎ C．had；a lot of D．has；a great deal of ‎ 答案：B ‎5．By the time my parents reached home yesterday，I ______ ‎ ‎ the dinner already.‎ ‎ A．had cooked B．Cooked ‎ C．have cooked D．was cooked ‎ 答案：A ‎6．She said she ________ the principle already.‎ ‎ A．has seen B．saw ‎ ‎ C．will see D．had seen ‎ 答案：D ‎7 ．She said her family ________ themselves ________ the army ‎ during the war.‎ ‎ A．has hidden；from B．had hidden；from ‎ C．has hidden；with D．had hidden；with ‎ 答案：B ‎8．By the time he was ten years old，he ________.‎ ‎ A．has completed university ‎ B．has completed the university ‎ B．had completed an university ‎ D．had completed university ‎ 答案：D ‎9．She had written a number of books ________ the end of ‎ last year.‎ ‎ A．for B．in C．by D．at ‎ 答案：C ‎10．He ________ to play ________ before he was 11 years old.‎ ‎ A．had learned；piano ‎ B．had learned；the piano ‎ C．has learned；the piano ‎ D．learns，piano ‎ 答案：B ‎11．Mary went to the box office at lunch time，but all the ‎ ‎ tickets ________ out.‎ ‎ A．would sell B．had sold ‎ C．have sold D．was selling ‎ 解析：句意：玛丽在午饭时间去了售票处，但是所有的 ‎ 票都已经卖完了。根据题干信息Mary went to为过去时 ‎ 间，而售完票在此之前，即“过去的过去”。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎ ‎12．When I talked with my grandma on the phone，she ‎ ‎ sounded weak，but by the time we ________ up，her voice ‎ had been full of life.‎ ‎ A．were hanging B．had hung ‎ C．hung D．would hung ‎ 解析：句意：当我与奶奶在电话中交谈时，她的声音听起 ‎ 来很虚弱，但到我们挂电话时，她的声音已经充满了活力。‎ ‎ 此题考查时态，根据题干，her voice had been full of life为 ‎ 过去的过去，因此我们挂电话为过去时。‎ ‎ 答案：C ‎ ‎ ‎1．On January 19,1992,14 years after the reform and opening，‎ ‎ Deng Xiaoping arrived at Shenzhen，which was the second ‎ and the last time that he ________the first open city in new ‎ China.‎ ‎ A．toured B．has toured ‎ C．had toured D．would tour ‎ 解析：本题考查时态。句型为It/This/That was the＋序数词 ‎ ＋名词＋从句，其中从句中用过去完成时。根据句意“……‎ ‎ 这是邓小平第二次也是他最后一次参观新中国第一个对外 ‎ 开放的城市——深圳”可知，C项正确。‎ ‎ 答案：C 思路拓展：出现在其他句型中的过去完成时：‎ ‎(1)Hardly/Rarely＋had＋主语＋done＋when从句 ‎(2)No sooner＋had＋主语＋done＋than从句 警示误区：句型It/This/That is the＋序数词＋名词＋从句，其中从句中使用现在完成时。‎ ‎2．He left the company last month，where he________for exactly ‎ three years.‎ ‎ A．worked B．was working ‎ C．has worked D．had worked ‎ 解析：考查时态。主句是过去时态，定语从句中谓语的动作 ‎ 发生在主句的谓语动作之前，并且和表示一段时间的状语连 ‎ 用，所以用过去完成时态最合适。‎ ‎ 答案：D ‎3．The famous actress objected to the reports in the newspaper ‎ that she ________on weight recently.‎ ‎ A．had put B．would put ‎ C．has put D．put ‎ 解析：考查时态。第一个动词objected表明主句为一般过 ‎ 去时，再结合同位语从句中的副词recently可知从句应用 ‎ 过去完成时。‎ ‎ 答案：A ‎ 拓展提升：过去完成时是英语中较容易用错的时态。它表 ‎ 示在过去的某个动作之前发生的动作。试题通常会提供一 ‎ 个过去的时间或动作作参照，在此之前发生的动作就用过 ‎ 去完成时。‎ ‎4.It was the third time that I________of the changes of the ‎ ‎ timetable.‎ ‎ A．had informed B．had been informed ‎ C．has informed D．has been informed ‎ 解析:考查时态和语态。在“It is the＋序数词＋time that...”‎ ‎ 句型中，从句常用现在完成时；而在“It was the＋序数词＋‎ ‎ time that...”句型中，从句常用过去完成时，所以先排除C ‎ 项和D项；inform sb.of sth.为固定句型，表示“通知某人某 ‎ 事”，若inform和介词of连在一起，一般是被动语态，所以 ‎ B项正确。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎5．The fire ________before the firefighters arrived.‎ ‎ A．has been put out ‎ B．had been put out ‎ C．was put out ‎ D．had put out ‎ 解析：考查时态和语态。put out这个动作发生在arrived ‎ 之前，故应用过去完成时态，表示“过去的过去”。同时 ‎ 主语the fire和put out存在被动关系，故用被动语态。‎ ‎ 答案：B ‎ ‎ ‎【例1】 John was given the same suitcase his father and ‎ grandfather ________ with them to school.‎ ‎ A．took B．had taken ‎ C．were taking D．would take ‎ 【解题方法指导】 句意：约翰得到他父亲和祖父上学时携带 ‎ 的那个行李箱。根据题干中John was given为过去的时间参 ‎ 照点，父亲和祖父上学为在此之前的事，即过去的过去，故 ‎ 用过去完成时。‎ ‎ 答案：B 教材原文对照 The bodies of people who in Pompeii left impressions in the ash that showed their exact shapes. (P6)‎ had died ‎【例2】 At minus 130℃，a living cell can be ________ for a ‎ ‎ thousand years.‎ ‎ A．spared B．Protected ‎ C．Preserved D．developed ‎【解题方法指导】 考查动词的辨析。句意：在零下130摄氏度，活细胞可以被“保存”一千年。A项表示“抽出”，B项表示“保护”，D项表示“发展”，均不符合句意。‎ 答案：C ‎ 教材原文对照 In a way,Pompeii is like a“time capsule” a frozen moment in history. (P6)‎ ‎【例3】 All of them try to use the power of the workstation ______ ‎ ‎ information in a more effective way. ‎ ‎ A．presenting B．Presented ‎ C．being presented D．to present ‎ 【解题方法指导】 句意：他们都尽力使用工作区的力量来更 ‎ 加有效地呈现信息。to present为不定式作目的状语。‎ ‎ 答案：D preserving 教材原文对照 Anne Sullivan was brought in .(P10)‎ to help Helen