2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book4Unit1Womenofachievement课时跟踪练 人教版

2021届高考英语一轮总复习Book4Unit1Womenofachievement课时跟踪练 人教版

- 1 - 课时跟踪练 16 Unit 1 Women of achievement Ⅰ.阅读理解 A Chimpanzees do have stronger muscles than us, but they are not nearly as powerful as many people think. “There's an idea out there that chimpanzees are superhuman strong，” says Matthew O'Neill at the University of Arizona College of Medicine in Phoenix.Yet his team's experiments and computer models show that a chimpanzee's muscle is only about a third stronger than a human of the same size. This result matches well with the few tests that have been done, which suggest that when it comes to pulling and jumping, chimps are about 1.5 times as strong as humans owing to their muscular bodies.“But because people participating in these tests are lighter than the average person, humans can actually outperform chimpanzees in absolute terms，” says O'Neill. His findings suggest that other apes have similar muscle strength to chimpanzees. “Humans are the odd ones，” he says. O'Neill's team has been studying the evolution of upright walking.To create an accurate computer model of how chimps walk, the researchers needed to find out whether their muscles really are much stronger.So they removed small samples of leg muscle from three chimps and measured the strength of individual fibers(纤维)． The same procedure was used to study human muscles. Comparing the results with the many studies on those showed that contrary to the claims of several other studies, there is nothing special about chimp muscle.“Chimpanzee's muscle is really no different than human muscle in terms of the force that individual fibers use，” says O'Neill. So why, on a poundforpound basis, are chimps slightly stronger than humans? The team went on to look at the muscle of chimps that had died of natural causes, which showed that twothirds of their muscle is made of fast twitch fibers, whereas more than half of human fibers are slow twitch.Fast twitch fibers are more powerful, but use more energy and become tired faster. Another factor, O'Neill found, is that chimps have longer fibers on average, which also improves their strength. - 2 - This adds to the evidence that walking uses far more energy for chimps than for people.The results fit well with the idea that early humans evolved to walk or run long distances.It seems that we gave up some strength for greater endurance (耐力)． 1．What does O'Neill mean by saying “Humans are the odd ones”？ A．Humans are better at jumping and pulling things than chimps. B．Humans' muscle strength is different from that of apes. C．Humans are heavier and stronger than chimpanzees. D．There is nothing special about human muscles. 2．What contributes a lot to the strength of chimp muscles? A．The evolution of upright walking. B．The slowtwitch fibers in their muscles. C．Most of their muscles being made of short fibers. D．The fasttwitch fibers in their muscles. 3．What can we conclude from the passage? A．Early humans needed much more energy than chimps. B．Chimpanzees are lighter than humans. C．Human muscles are more suited to long distance running. D．Humans can't walk as long as chimpanzees. 【语篇解读】 科学家通过研究了解黑猩猩的肌肉与人类的肌肉构成的异同。 1．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，奥尼尔的发现表明其他猿类动物的肌肉 力量和黑猩猩是相似的，但人类与众不同，即人类和猿的肌肉力量存在一定的区别。故选 B 项。 答案：B 2．解析：细节理解题。根据第七段的第二句和第三句可知，黑猩猩的肌肉有三分之二 由快肌纤维组成，人类肌肉有一半多是由慢肌纤维组成，而快肌纤维可以使肌肉更有力量。 故选 D 项。 答案：D 3．解析：推理判断题。由最后一段可知 C 正确。 答案：C B In 2009, Dan Black was hit by a car in his hometown of Chepstow, Wales, as he was biking to his job at a grocery store.The accident left him unable to move from the chest down.During his recovery, he suffered a stroke that made his right arm useless.Once a promising guitarist, Dan, now 25, lives with his parents and requires - 3 - aroundtheclock care that costs nearly $300，000 a year.After the accident, a friend of his started the Help Dan Black Fund(基金)to cover some of Dan's medical expenses.Dan learned about an experimental stem cell (干细胞) treatment in China that could enable him to walk again.After four years, donations to help Dan Black totaled nearly $30， 000. One day, in 2013, a news story caught the eye of Dan's mother, Michacla, who then shared the story with her son.The story featured a fiveyearold boy named Brecon Vaughan.He had a rare form of disease and never walked by himself.The boy's family had created a website with which to raise nearly $100，000 needed for a trip to the St.Louis Children's Hospital, where treatment was offered that could help Brecon walk.Only half the amount had been raised, said the report. Dan deliberated.Then, after considering that his own dream of walking could be years away, he donated his $30，000 to Brecon's cause.“I know how it feels to walk.Brecon doesn't.He needs it much more than I do.” Dan told a newspaper. Dan's generosity received a great deal of attention, and contributions started pouring in to the Vaughan website.The family soon exceeded their fundraising goal.They've promised to give the extra funds, about $17，000, to the Tree of Hope charity, which helps sick children in the United Kingdom find specialized medical help.In October, Brecon and his family travelled to St.Louis to begin treatment.“What Dan did is great.” Brecon's mother said, “It is an extraordinary gift.” 4．What do we know about Dan Black? A．He promised to be a guitarist. B．He lost his right arm in an accident. C．He created a website to collect money. D．He donated his money from his need. 5．What does the underlined word “exceeded” in the last paragraph mean? A．Went beyond. B．Brought up. C．Achieved. D．Set. 6．What helped the donation flood into the Vaughan website? A．Michacla's suggestion. B．Brecon's story. C．Dan Black's example. D．The Vaughans' promise. 7．How will Vaughan's family deal with the extra funds? - 4 - A．Support Dan Black's treatment. B．Give away to the Tree of Hope charity. C．Help sick children in the UK. D．Fund Brecon's trip to St.Louis. 【语篇解读】 本文讲述了一个等待治疗的残障人士把自己的治疗基金捐献给一个五岁 的孩子，帮这个孩子去实现“走路”的愿望的故事。他的慷慨和对别人的无私帮助与爱心感 动了很多人，在人们的捐助下，这个孩子的家庭很快筹够了治疗费用，并承诺用剩下的钱去 帮助其他需要医疗帮助的孩子们。 4．解析：细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的“Then，after considering that his own dream of walking could be years away，he donated his $30，000 to Brecon's cause.” 可知，他把自己治疗需要的钱捐了出去。故选 D 项。 答案：D 5．解析：词义猜测题。根据第四段中的“They've promised to give the extra funds， about...to the Tree of Hope charity...”可知，筹款有剩余的钱，因此推测 exceeded 的 含义为“超过”。故选 A项。 答案：A 6．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Dan's generosity received a great deal of attention，and contributions started pouring in...”可知，丹的慷慨引起了大家的关 注，人们以他为榜样，捐款像洪水般涌来。故选 C 项。 答案：C 7．解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“They've promised to give the extra funds， about $17，000，to the Tree of Hope charity, which helps sick children in the United Kingdom find specialized medical help.”可知，他们将把钱捐赠给 Tree of Hope 这个慈 善机构。故选 B 项。 答案：B Ⅱ.完形填空 I remember all too well my first traffic ticket.For an overconfident and impatient teenager, the newly found freedom of driving was a bit 1 ． Dad was probably as 2 as any parents when they hand the keys to a child and pray both the car and their 3 will come back in one piece.But I was not 4 at all.A car crash? Nah, 5 happens. 6 , I didn't hit anything or anybody.But there was plenty of traffic at the crossing.“Come on！” I 7 ．“Will the light ever turn green？” The traffic light did change to the splendid colour of 8 and the cars moved forward.Just as I 9 the - 5 - crossing, the light turned yellow.I sped up immediately but without 10 the car was dead, right in the middle of the crossing.Horns (喇叭) sounded.My face burnt as 11 as the light now.I managed somehow to 12 the car and rushed through the crossing, trying to avoid the 13 glances from the cars wanting their turn at the light. My heart 14 when my eyes caught the flash of headlights of the police car.I 15 ．With each passing minute the 16 continued.The officer wrote the 17 and handed it to me.It felt like a death sentence 18 I knew facing dad was going to be harder than any police officer. I have learned my 19 —being patient, 20 the laws and taking my responsibility.Now I can proudly claim that I am a better driver. 1．A．scaring B．exciting C．boring D．moving 2．A．calm B．delighted C．relieved D．nervous 3．A．keys B．lights C．kid D．officer 4．A．concerned B．guilty C．grateful D．confident 5．A．seldom B．always C．sometimes D．never 6．A．Surprisingly B．Unusually C．Typically D．Fortunately 7．A．laughed B．answered C．complained D．cheered 8．A．going B．stopping C．waiting D．turning 9．A．ignored B．reached C．missed D．passed 10．A．warning B．doubt C．hesitation D．delay 11．A．white B．red C．yellow D．green 12．A．repair B．park C．restart D．abandon - 6 - 13．A．shy B．angry C．quick D．embarrassed 14．A．sank B．broke C．ached D．failed 15．A．drove away B．sped up C．pulled over D．settled down 16．A．thrill B．pride C．shame D．disappointment 17．A．note B．letter C．book D．ticket 18．A．because B．although C．if D．unless 19．A．skill B．lesson C．subject D．story 20．A．changing B．noticing C．making D．observing 【语篇解读】 本文作者拿到驾照后自信满满地外出开车，但是发生了意外，被交警开 了罚单。作者从中吸取了教训：要有耐心，要遵守交通法规，并承担自己的责任。 1．解析：根据设空处前的“the newly found freedom of driving”可知，作者刚获 得驾照，首次驾驶肯定有点兴奋。scaring 意为“惊恐的”；exciting 意为“令人兴奋的”； boring 意为“无聊的”；moving 意为“感人的”。故选 B项。 答案：B 2．解析：根据设空处后“as any parents when they hand the keys to a child and pray both the car and...”可知，父母首次让孩子开车时应该是“担心的”。calm 意为“镇 静的”；delighted 意为“高兴的”；relieved 意为“宽慰的；不再忧虑的”；nervous 意为“紧 张的；焦虑不安的”。故选 D项。 答案：D 3．解析：根据设空处前的“as any parents when they hand the keys to a child” 可知，父母第一次把车钥匙给孩子让孩子开车，非常担忧，祈祷的应该是人车安全。故选 C 项。 答案：C 4．解析：根据上文中的“For an overconfident and impatient teenager...”以及 下文的“A car crash？”可知，作者并不担心会出意外。concerned 意为“担心的”。guilty 意为“内疚的；有罪的”；grateful 意为“感激的”；confident 意为“自信的”。故选 A项。 - 7 - 答案：A 5．解析：根据上文中的“For an overconfident and impatient teenager...”和“A car crash？”可知，作者认为车祸绝不会发生。 答案：D 6．解析：根据设空处后的“I didn't hit anything or anybody”可知，作者很幸运 没有撞到任何人或物。surprisingly 意为“使人吃惊地；出人意料地”；unusually 意为“不 同寻常地”；typically 意为“典型地；具有代表性地”；fortunately 意为“幸运地”。故选 D 项。 答案：D 7．解析：根据设空处后的“Will the light ever turn green？”可知，十字路口来 往车辆很多，作者开始抱怨。laugh 意为“大笑”；answer 意为“回答”；complain 意为“抱 怨”；cheer 意为“欢呼”。 答案：C 8．解析：根据设空处前后的“‘Will the light ever turn green？’The traffic light did change...and the cars moved forward.”可知，交通信号灯变成了指示车辆可以通行 的颜色。go 意为“走”；stop 意为“停止”；wait 意为“等待”；turn 意为“转变”。故选 A 项。 答案：A 9．解析：根据语境可知，当作者的车到达十字路口时，黄灯亮了。ignore 意为“忽视”； reach 意为“到达”；miss 意为“错过；想念”；pass 意为“通过”。故选 B项。 答案：B 10．解析：根据设空处前的“I sped up immediately”和设空处后的“the car was dead” 可知，作者的车之前状况良好，毫无预警就抛锚了。warning 意为“警告；预警”；doubt 意 为“怀疑”；hesitation 意为“犹豫”；delay 意为“耽误”。故选 A 项。without warning 意 为“毫无预警地”。 答案：A 11．解析：根据设空处前的“Horns sounded.My face burnt...”可知，作者的车停在 了十字路口中间，而后面的司机在按喇叭，作者因此感到很尴尬，脸红得像红灯一样。故选 B 项。 答案：B 12．解析：根据上文中的“the car was dead，right in the middle of the crossing” 可知，作者的车抛锚停在了十字路口中间，所以作者设法重新启动车辆。repair 意为“修理”； park 意为“停车”；restart 意为“重新启动”；abandon 意为“放弃”。故选 C项。 答案：C - 8 - 13．解析：根据设空处后的“glances from the cars wanting their turn at the light” 以及上文语境可知，作者的车突然停在了十字路口中间，挡住了其他想要转弯的车辆的道路， 所以其他司机应该都是生气地看着作者。shy 意为“害羞的”；angry 意为“生气的”；quick 意为“快速的”；embarrassed 意为“尴尬的”。故选 B 项。 答案：B 14．解析：根据空后的“when my eyes caught the flash of headlights of the police car”可知，当作者看到警车前灯闪烁时，心情沉重。sink 意为“下沉”，此处与 heart 连用， 表示“心情沉重”，符合语境。break 意为“使破碎”；ache 意为“疼痛”；fail 意为“失败”。 答案：A 15．解析：根据上文中的“when my eyes caught the flash of headlights of the police car”和常识可知，当警车开过来的时候，作者靠边停车。drive away 意为“驱车离开”；speed up 意为“加速”；pull over 意为“靠边停靠”；settle down 意为“安定下来”。 答案：C 16．解析：根据上文语境和下文中的“It felt like a death sentence”可知，作者 受到处罚，感到很羞愧。thrill 意为“激动”；pride 意为“骄傲”；shame 意为“羞愧”； disappointment 意为“失望”。 答案：C 17．解析：根据语境及文章第一句“I remember all too well my first traffic ticket.”可知，交警开了罚单，递给了作者。note 意为“笔记”；letter 意为“信件”；book 意为“书籍”；ticket 意为“罚单；票”。故选 D 项。 答案：D 18．解析：根据设空处前的“It felt like a death sentence”和设空处后的“I knew facing dad was going to be harder than any police officer”可知，设空处前后为因果 关系，故选 A 项。 答案：A 19．解析：根据语境可知，作者经历这次交通事故后，吸取了教训。skill 意为“技能”； lesson 意为“经验；教训”；subject 意为“学科”；story 意为“故事”。故选 B 项。 答案：B 20 ． 解 析 ： 根 据 设 空 处 前 的 “being patient” 和 设 空 处 后 的 “taking my responsibility”可知，作者吸取的经验教训是：要有耐心，要遵守交通法规，并承担自己 的责任。change 意为“改变”；notice 意为“注意到”；make 意为“制作”；observe 意为“遵 守”。 答案：D - 9 -