【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十四（15页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十四（15页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十四 ‎[一]‎ ‎ After being buried for centuries, 110 new warrior statues have been unearthed in Xi'an, China. The statues are part of a collection of life-size figures of warriors and horses called the Terracotta Army. The group of more than 7,000 life-size clay sculptures was built in 210 BC to guard the tomb of China's first emperor, Qin Shihuang.‎ ‎ Shen Maosheng, from the Qin Shihuang Terracotta Warriors and Horses‎ ‎Museum, said archaeologists had located another 11 warriors but have not yet begun to dig up the sculptures. "The most significant discovery this time around is that the relics that were found were well-preserved and colorfully painted," Maosheng told AFP. ‎ ‎ The sculptures were discovered by a group of farmers in 1974. While digging a well, the workers found three pits filled with the lifelike figures, which were made of a type of terracotta clay. Experts say that long ago, Emperor Qin Shihuang ordered the creation of the clay army, along with a 20-square-mile tomb in which to house it. For 36 years, 700,000 laborers crafted this underground city. It contains models of palaces and towers, and was protected from invaders by automatically-triggered crossbows(弩). The city lay buried for more than 2,000 years.‎ ‎ Today, people from around the world visit China to see the terracotta warriors. What makes the soldiers so special? Each figure was individually carved, so they have different hairstyles, expressions and facial features. The details make the soldiers appear true to life. Inside the pit, the statues are arranged by military rank. The higher the rank, the taller the statue. The shortest statue is 5 feet 8 inches tall. The tallest is 6 feet 6 inches. The lower half of each soldier is made of solid clay, while the upper half is hollow. This makes it easier for the figures to remain upright. ‎ ‎ The discovery of Xi'an's 110 new warriors comes after a new finding about the Great Wall of China. An archaeological survey revealed the Great Wall of China is more than twice as long as previously thought. The wall was originally measured to be 5,500 miles but is now measured at 13,170 miles long. Beijing officials plan to open two new sections of the Great Wall and to expand other areas to make room for more tourists.‎ ‎11. The life-size clay sculptures were made  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ for art exhibitions B.‎ ‎ as presents of the emperor ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ for military purpose D.‎ ‎ as the emperor's tomb guards ‎12. According to the passage, the eleven warriors  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ have already been dug up B.‎ ‎ were badly-preserved ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ were painted with colors D.‎ ‎ had not been located ‎13. What's the main idea of the third paragraph?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ The procedure of making warriors.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ The process of discovering terracotta.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Emperor Qin Shihuang's contributions.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ The warriors' history.‎ ‎14. The terracotta warriors line up by  .‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ military rank B.‎ ‎ hairstyle ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ expression D.‎ ‎ facial feature ‎15. How many great discoveries are mentioned in the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ One.‎ B.‎ ‎ Two.‎ C.‎ ‎ Three.‎ D.‎ ‎ Four.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎11. D 12. C 13. D 14. A 15. B ‎[二]‎ Passengers at Scotland's two biggest airports will experience privacy-friendly body scans from this weekend.‎ ‎ The move is part of a UK roll-out of the security technology demanded by the US.‎ ‎ Full-body scanning machines, which bounce(弹回) radio waves off the body to detect black or hidden weapons, have already been installed in Glasgow and Edinburgh airports and will go live on Saturday.‎ ‎ Travelers will either be randomly selected for scanning or will undergo a scan if there is a security concern or a metal detector is set off, the airports said.‎ ‎ Unlike the controversial X-ray scanners used in Manchester, called "naked scanners", the technology being set in Scotland will produce a model-style, generic image of a body, with suspect items represented by a box. All images taken are deleted as soon as they have been assessed. ‎ ‎ It follows an order by the Department for Transport for body scans to be carried out on all flights to the US, though passengers on all flights will be subjected to the new authority, the airports said in separate statements.‎ ‎ It will be required for selected passengers to have the scan and those who refuse will not be allowed to board their flight.‎ ‎ A member of airport staff will be present throughout the process, which will take place within the security search area.‎ ‎ Amanda McMillan, managing director of Glasgow‎ ‎Airport, said, "The introduction of the body scanner is in direct response to new rules set out by the Department for Transport relating to the screening of passengers."‎ ‎ The technology employed by the body scanner is designed in such a way that it maintains(维护) the security of the airport while also maintaining the privacy of the passenger. ‎ ‎ "We will also be providing passengers with leaflets containing information on the scanner and the reasons behind its introduction."‎ ‎ Gordon Dewar, chief executive of Edinburgh‎ ‎Airport, added: "The scan is quick, simple and safe for everyone and does not do harm to individual's privacy."‎ ‎ 1. What may be the best title for the passage?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Body Scans to Begin at ‎City‎ ‎Airport ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Two Biggest Airports at ‎Scotland ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Body Scans Demanded by the ‎US ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Differences between Body Scans and X-ray Scanners ‎ 2. Which airports will full-body scanning machines be used?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ Two biggest airports in the US.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Glasgow and Manchester in the US.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ Manchester and Edinburgh in the UK.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ Glasgow and Edinburgh in the UK.‎ ‎ 3. The underlined word "undergo" means   in the 4th paragraph.‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ suffer from B.‎ ‎ fall down C.‎ ‎ go through D.‎ ‎ come down ‎ 4. What if a passenger refuses the full-body scanning?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ He or she will be in prison in separate space.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ He or she will be the last one to check in.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ He or she will be forbidden to board the flight.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ He or she will be allowed to board the plane but being fined.‎ ‎ 5. Which of the following statements is true?‎ ‎ ‎ A.‎ ‎ No one will be in charge of the body scanning process after using the new machine.‎ ‎ ‎ B.‎ ‎ Measures will be taken to advertise the use of the scanner and why it is used.‎ ‎ ‎ C.‎ ‎ The new body scanner will be intended for security of the airports than ever before.‎ ‎ ‎ D.‎ ‎ The scan will be simple and safe for everyone but not for the passengers' privacy.‎ 参考答案：‎ ‎1. A 2. D 3. C 4. C 5. B ‎[三]‎ There’s more evidence that what’s good for your heart is good for your head. A new study shows that people who run, swim or do other moderate intensity (中等强度的) exercise have brains that look, on average, 10 years younger than the brains of couch potatoes.‎ ‎“Our study showed that for older people, getting moderate intensity exercise may be protective, helping them keep their brains work better，” said Dr.Clinton Wright of the University of Miami, who led the study. But it’s not necessarily easy. Walking, golf, bowling and yoga didn’t count, and people need to start before they begin showing memory loss, Wright’s team reported in the journal Neurology.‎ The study of nearly 900 people who exercise regularly showed that 90 percent fell into the lowintensity group. These people are part of a larger group taking part in a bigger study called Northern Manhattan Study. They were asked how long and how often they exercised during the past two weeks. Five years later, they were tested for memory and thinking skills and got a brain MRI. Seven years after that, they took the memory and thinking tests again. The 10 percent who said they took part in moderate intensity exercise scored better on the tests. These included running, climbing, swimming, riding bicycles and so on.‎ ‎“We found that those with moderate heavy activity had higher scores and slower decline than inactive patients when comparing the results，” the study team wrote.‎ Many studies have shown that exercise may not prevent Alzheimer’s (早老性痴呆病) but may delay it. The findings fit in with a study that found two years of exercising, eating healthier food and brain training can promote people’s memory function.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文。作者认为中等强度的锻炼使人的大脑更年轻。‎ ‎1．According to the study, moderate heavy exercise ________.‎ A．makes people’s heart better than their heads B．helps people keep a younger brain C．makes people ten years younger D．makes people look like potatoes 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句和第四段可推知，中高度锻炼能使人的大脑更年轻。故选B。‎ ‎2．What’s TRUE about the study?‎ A．Most people surveyed took lowintensity exercise.‎ B．Only 900 people took part in the bigger study.‎ C．Highintensity exercise is better.‎ D．Ten people scored best on the test.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第三段第一句可知，参与研究的人中大部分都进行低强度锻炼。故选A。‎ ‎3．How did the study team come to the conclusion?‎ A．By observing people exercise.‎ B．By using examples.‎ C．By making a comparison.‎ D．By doing a brain MRI.‎ 解析：选C　写作手法题。根据全文内容可知，研究小组通过对低强度锻炼人群和中高强度锻炼人群进行对比从而得出结论的。故选C。‎ ‎4．What’s the best title for this passage?‎ A．How to keep healthy B．Ways to make your brain work better C．To exercise or not D．Moderate exercise keeps your brain younger 解析：选D　标题归纳题。通读全文可知，文章主要论述了适当的锻炼能使大脑更年轻。故选D。‎ ‎[四]‎ A new study has discovered that meditation (冥想) and oxygen sport together reduce depression (抑郁). The Rutgers University study found that this mind and body combination, done twice a week for only two months, reduced the symptoms for a group of students by 40 percent.‎ ‎“We are excited by the findings because we saw such a meaningful improvement in both clinically depressed and nondepressed students，” said lead author Dr. Brandon Alderman. “It ‎ is the first time that both of these two behavioral ways have been looked at together for dealing with depression.”‎ Researchers believe the two activities have an interactive effect in combating depression. Alderman and Dr. Tracey Shors discovered that a combination of mental and physical training (MAP) enabled students with major depressive disorder not to let problems or negative thoughts defeat them.‎ Rutgers researchers say those who participated in the study began with 30 minutes of focused attention meditation followed by 30 minutes of oxygen sport. They were told that if their thoughts drifted to the past or the future they should refocus on their breathing, enabling those with depression to accept momenttomoment changes in attention.‎ Shors, who studies the production of new brain cells in the hippocampus — part of the brain involved in memory and learning — says scientists have shown in animal models that oxygen sport exercise keeps a large number of certain cells alive.‎ The idea for the human intervention (干预) came from her laboratory studies, she says, with the main goal of helping individuals acquire new skills so that they can learn to recover from stressful life events.‎ ‎“By learning to focus their attention and exercise, people who are fighting depression can acquire new learning skills that can help them process information and reduce the overwhelming recollection of memories from the past，” Shors says.‎ ‎“We know these treatments can be practiced over a lifetime and that they will be effective in improving mental health，” said Alderman. “The good news is that this intervention can be practiced by anyone at any time and at no cost.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科技说明文。Rutgers大学的研究者们找到了一种新的减缓抑郁症的方法，这个方法可以在任何时间，任何地点，不用花费一分钱进行，让我们来了解一下吧。‎ ‎5．What made the research so different?‎ A．Adopting a way of meaningful talk.‎ B．Combining the two ways to treat depression.‎ C．Treating depression with special medicine.‎ D．Comparing the depressed with the nondepressed.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，这项研究与其他研究不同的原因是它结合了两种方式来治疗抑郁症。故B项符合题意。‎ ‎6．The underlined word “combating” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “________”．‎ A．fighting B．identifying C．distinguishing D．examining 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第一段的内容可知，这项新的研究发现了可以减轻抑郁症的方法，那就是把冥想与有氧运动结合在一起。由此可推知，combat的意思可能为“防止，减轻，战斗”，故A项符合题意。‎ ‎7．What did the participants do in the research?‎ A．They did oxygen sport half an hour before thinking.‎ B．They thought quietly and then took exercise.‎ C．They took exercise longer than they thought.‎ D．They took exercise while thinking quietly.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第四段第一句可知，此项研究中的参与者们先冥想再做有氧运动，故B项符合题意。‎ ‎8．What is Shors’ main purpose of her studies?‎ A．To find out certain brain cells of humans.‎ B．To study the production of new brain cells.‎ C．To offer people a new method to treat stress.‎ D．To decide the links between stress and exercise.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据最后三段内容可知，Shors研究的主要目的是给人们提供解压的新方法。故C项符合题意。‎ ‎[五]‎ How do you pay for your coffee? Is it with change? I use my tapandgo card. I don’t even need to enter my PIN number or a signature to authorize payment. It’s quicker and everybody in the queue is happy.‎ Contactless payments are gaining popularity. Those concerned about security will be pleased to know that the amount of money you can spend in one go is limited — in the UK it’s currently￡30. But if the card is used a few times in a row, a PIN number will be needed. If a thief gets hold of your card and goes on a spending spree (狂欢), your bank covers you against fraud (欺诈罪)．However, if someone steals your banknotes, that’s your bad luck!‎ For those who are always forgetting where they put their cards, there’s a new solution: wearable tech: clothing and accessories that have been combined with electronic technology. Kenneth Cukier, an economist and technology expert, says, “When you want to make a payment just wave your arm in front of the terminal and leave the coffee shop with your latte. They don’t have to take their cards out of their wallets, use their phones or their watches.”‎ And new ways of spending money are not stopping there. The future is all about biometrics. Very convenient if you are at the beach or a festival — there’s a new system in development which will make it possible to read the unique maps of veins (静脉) under the surface of your ‎ finger, and use them to authenticate payments — or prove that it’s you making the payments.‎ So spending money is becoming easier all the time. And the temptation to buy more stuff (东西) increases. But it’s worth bearing in mind that earning the money in the first place will still require the same effort. Back to work then!‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。随着科技的不断发展，支付方式也越来越多。但安全问题一直是大家所关注的话题。文章为此介绍了几种新的安全便捷的支付方法。‎ ‎9．What is the main point of Paragraph 2?‎ A．The security of contactless payments.‎ B．The responsibility of the lost money.‎ C．The popularity of modern payments.‎ D．The procedure of contactless payments.‎ 解析：选A　段落大意题。根据第二段第二句并结合第二段其余的内容可知，本段举例讲述了免触支付这种支付方式的安全性。故A项正确。‎ ‎10．What can we learn about biometrics?‎ A．It is already in use in some fields.‎ B．It will be safer than other ways.‎ C．It looks more like a rare map.‎ D．It depends on your fingerprints.‎ 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第四段可知，生物计量学支付方式需识别所有者的手指静脉独特的示意图。由此可推知，它比其他支付方式更安全。故B项正确。‎ ‎11．What is the intended tone of the author in the last paragraph?‎ A．Anxious. B．Relieved.‎ C．Concerned. D．Humorous.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。在最后一段中，作者讲述花钱越来越容易了，因此购物的欲望会增长。但需要牢记：处于第一位的挣钱仍然需要同样的付出，买完东西赶快回去上班吧。由此可推知，作者以一种非常幽默的口吻告诫读者树立正确的消费观。故D项正确。‎ ‎[六]‎ Have you ever found yourself in this situation: You hear a song you used to sing when you were a child — a bit of nostalgia (怀旧) or “blast from the past”， as we say. But it is not a distant childhood memory. The words come back to you as clearly as when you sang them all those years ago.‎ Researchers at the University of Edinburgh studied the relationship between music and remembering a foreign language. They found that remembering words in a song was the best way to remember even one of the most difficult languages.‎ Here is what they did. Researchers took 60 adults and randomly divided them into three ‎ groups of 20. Then they gave the groups three different types of “listenandrepeat” learning conditions. Researchers had one group simply speak the words. They had the second group speak the words to a rhythm, or beat. And they asked the third group to sing the words.‎ All three groups studied words from the Hungarian language for 15 minutes. Then they took part in a series of language tests to see what they remembered.‎ Why Hungarian, you ask? Researchers said they chose Hungarian because not many people know the language. It does not share any roots with Germanic or Romance languages, such as Italian or Spanish. After the tests were over, the singers came out on top. The people who learned these new Hungarian words by singing them showed a higher overall performance. They did the best in four out of five of the tests. They also performed two times better than those who simply learned the words by speaking them.‎ Dr. Katie Overy says singing could lead to new ways to learn a foreign language. The brain likes to remember things when they are contained in a catchy 3, or memorable 4, tune 5.‎ Dr. Ludke said the findings could help those who struggle to learn foreign languages. On the University of Edinburgh’s website Dr. Ludke writes, “This study provides the first experimental evidence that a listenandrepeat singing method can support foreign language learning, and opens the door for future research in this area.”‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普说明文，主要讲述了一项有关音乐和外语学习之间存在关系的研究。‎ ‎12．The “song” mentioned in the first paragraph is intended to ________.‎ A．recall the past B．attract the readers C．introduce the topic D．compare the childhood with the present 解析：选C　推理判断题。本文开头通过“song”举例导入话题，从而引出下文对于音乐和外语学习之间关系的研究。故C项正确。‎ ‎13．According to the passage, which language doesn’t share the same root with Germanic or Romance languages?‎ A．Hungarian. B．Spanish.‎ C．Italian. D．English.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段第二、三句可知，匈牙利语与其没有相同的词根。故A项正确。‎ ‎14．Based on the last two paragraphs, we can conclude that ________.‎ A．singing is the best way to learn a language B．the brain probably works best when the foreign language learners sing the words C．a listenandrepeat method is very effective for any language learner D．Dr.Katie Overy and Dr.Ludke disagree with each other 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第六段第一句和第七段中的引号部分可知，唱歌有助于找到学习外语的新途径，有证据表明边听边重复的歌唱方法对外语有帮助。故B项正确。‎ ‎15．In which situation can the finding of the research be applied?‎ A．A mother is going to teach her baby how to speak.‎ B．A child is going to have his first music lesson.‎ C．A student is going to learn a new English song.‎ D．An American is going to learn some Chinese.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句可知，此项研究对于外语学习者非常有用。故D项正确。‎ ‎[七]‎ Since the first Earth Day in 1970, Americans have gotten a lot “greener” toward the environment. “We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it，” says Bruce Anderson, president of Earth Day USA.‎ ‎ But what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement. Business people, political leaders, university professors, and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement. “The understanding has increased many, many times，” says Gaylord Nelson, the former governor from Wisconsin, who thought up the first Earth Day.‎ According to US government reports, emissions (排放) from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons. The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9. Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with, the world is a safer and healthier place. A kind of “green thinking” has become part of practices.‎ Great improvement has been achieved. In 1988 there were only 600 recycling programs; today in 1995 there are about 6,600. Advanced lights, motors, and building designs have helped save a lot of energy and therefore prevented pollution.‎ ‎ Twentyfive years ago, there were hardly any education programs for environment. Today, it’s hard to find a public school, university, or law school that does not have such a kind of program. “Until we do that, nothing else will change! ” says Bruce Anderson.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。介绍了环保意识在美国从无到有，逐渐增强，环保教育势在必行。‎ ‎1.According to Anderson, before 1970, Americans had little idea about ________.‎ A．the social movement ‎ B．recycling techniques C．environmental problems D．the importance of Earth Day 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句中的“’We didn’t know at that time that there even was an environment, let alone that there was a problem with it’”可知，1970年以前美国人对环境问题所知甚少。 ‎ ‎2．Where does the support for environmental protection mainly come from?‎ A．The grassroots level.‎ B．The business circle.‎ C．Government officials.‎ D．University professors.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第二段第二句中的“especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement”可知，数以百万计的草根美国人才是支持环保的中流砥柱。‎ ‎3．What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?‎ A．They have cut car emissions to the lowest.‎ B．They have settled their environmental problems.‎ C．They have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.‎ D．They have reduced pollution through effective measures.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第三段所列举的那些数字可知，美国政府多管齐下，污染问题大为缓解。‎ ‎4．What is especially important for environmental protection according to the last paragraph?‎ A．Education. B．Planning.‎ C．Green living. D．CO reduction.‎ 解析：选A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容推断，环保意识教育至关重要。另外，“education programs for environment”是提示。‎ ‎[八]‎ There will be more plastic than fish in the world’s oceans by 2050. That is what a new report from the World Economic Forum and Ellen MacArthur Foundation warns. If the current trend continues, the report said, oceans will contain one ton of plastic for every three tons of fish in 2025. By 2050, plastics will weigh more than fish. The problem is that each year at least 8 million tons of plastics end up in oceans around the world. This is the same as dumping the contents of one garbage truck into the ocean every minute.‎ Not all plastic ends up in the ocean because someone throws a plastic bottle into the water. Plastic containers and other trash thrown onto streets and sidewalks often are swept into oceans. ‎ Unlike other types of trash in the ocean, the plastic never biodegrades. There is a way to slow the amount of plastics going into the oceans — people can recycle more. Currently only about 14 percent of plastics are recycled. Research in Europe shows as much as 53 percent of plastics could be recycled using available technology. The report says that another solution is using less plastic for packaging products. But that is not likely to happen.‎ ‎“Given plastic packaging’s many benefits, both the possibility and desirability of a sharp reduction in the volume of plastic packaging used is clearly low，” the report said. But the authors note reducing the use of plastics should be tried “where possible”. For decades, scientists warned that plastics are killing fish. Research shows that fish are dying from choking after eating plastics. “Another cause of death is that plastics cause intestinal blockage and starvation，” the environmental group said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇科普报道。到2050年全球海洋中的塑料数量将超过鱼的数量。本文主要报道了塑料垃圾对人类和鱼类造成的危害以及研究人员提出的一些处理建议。‎ ‎5．Why is the garbage truck mentioned in Paragraph 1?‎ A．To explain how plastics end up in the ocean.‎ B．To warn people against the ocean pollution.‎ C．To clarify the seriousness of the problem.‎ D．To point out some details of the report.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第一段尤其是最后一句可知，海洋里每年的塑料废物多达八百万吨。所以作者用这种直观细化的方法来阐述海洋塑料垃圾问题的严重性。故C项正确。‎ ‎6．Why is plastic more harmful than other types of trash?‎ A．Because there is too much of it.‎ B．Because it poisons the ocean water.‎ C．Because it is from different sources.‎ D．Because it never breaks down.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。根据第二段第三句可知，塑料垃圾比其他垃圾危害更大是因为它们不可降解。故D项正确。‎ ‎7．What is the author’s attitude to the suggested solutions?‎ A．Pessimistic. B．Hopeful.‎ C．Interested. D．Convinced.‎ 解析：选A　观点态度题。根据第二段中最后五句可知，塑料的循环使用比例较低，而减少商品的塑料包装也不太可能，由此可知作者对所提的建议持悲观态度。故A项正确。‎ ‎8．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．People are not aware of the problem.‎ B．Recycling is limited by lack of technology.‎ C．Plastic packaging has become part of our life.‎ D．Fish in the ocean will be replaced by plastics.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可推知，想要减少使用塑料包装很难，因为它已成为日常生活的一部分。故C项正确。‎ ‎[九]‎ Want to help fight global warming? Take off your tie, says the Italian health ministry.‎ It has urged employers to let their staff dress casually at work in the summer so that the air conditioning can be turned down.‎ ‎“Taking your tie off immediately lowers the body temperature by 2 or 3 degrees centigrade，” the ministry said in a statement. “Allowing a more sensible use of air conditioning brings about electricity savings and protects the environment.”‎ It called on all public and private offices to let employees wear no tie during heat waves like the one that has brought Africalike temperatures to many parts of Italy this week.‎ The move echoes (回应) a similar action from Italy’s biggest oil group, ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work.‎ The tie makers, however, were left hot_under_the_collar.‎ ‎“Italy confirms that it is a strange country，” Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter to financial daily Il Sole 24 ORE under the headline: “I, tie maker, am responsible for global warming.”‎ ‎“We can now happily continue with our lifestyle, using cars, consuming fuel, heating and cooling our homes at leisure. On one condition: we should not wear a tie while we do so，” he wrote.‎ ‎“I should have listened to my friends and become an oil producer instead.”‎ Italy is one of the European Union’s worst performers on the pollution front and is among the EU countries expected to exceed (超出) their greenhouse gas emission (排放) targets.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。解掉领带可以让体温下降2或3度，所以许多公司鼓励员工不戴领带上班，以抵制全球气候变暖；但是，这种主张遭到了领带制造商的反对。‎ ‎9．What’s the purpose of the move of taking off ties?‎ A．To dress casually.‎ B．To fight global warming.‎ C．To keep the body temperature.‎ D．To improve working conditions.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Want to help fight global warming? Take off ‎ your tie”可知，解掉领带是为了抵制全球变暖，故B项正确。‎ ‎10．Who first encouraged employees to take off ties?‎ A．ENI.‎ B．Flavio Cima.‎ C．A financial daily.‎ D．The Italian health ministry.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的“ENI, which told its staff earlier this month they need not wear a tie at work”可知，ENI公司最早鼓励员工上班时不戴领带，故A项正确。‎ ‎11．What does the underlined part “hot under the collar” in Paragraph 6 probably mean?‎ A．Angry. B．Speechless.‎ C．Delighted. D．Puzzled.‎ 解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第四、五段的内容可知，包括ENI在内的许多公司，都鼓励员工不戴领带上班；根据常识可以判断，此举势必造成领带制造商的商品滞销；结合第七段的“Flavio Cima said angrily in a letter”可以判断，画线部分意为“愤怒的”，故A项正确。‎ ‎12．Which of the following is TRUE about Flavio Cima?‎ A．He stands by the oil group.‎ B．He agrees with the ministry.‎ C．He admits his responsibility.‎ D．He argues against taking off ties.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据第六、七段的内容可知，对于鼓励员工不戴领带上班一事，作为领带制造商的Flavio Cima非常生气；据此可以判断，他对不戴领带上班的观点有异议，故D项正确。‎ ‎ [十]‎ Thrift stores are a refuge (避难所) for countless items from landing in garbage piles. Value Village, for example, saves more than 650 million pounds of clothing from landfills (垃圾填埋场) each year, making it one of the largest recyclers of used garments in the world. Their stores give a second life to 1.8 million pounds of clothes every day, which is equal to 600 midsized cars. Almost 100 percent of clothing and textiles are recyclable, yet 85 percent of them end up in landfills. It’s estimated that the average person throws away 70 pounds of clothing a year.‎ Lindsay Coulter is the socalled “Queen of Green” with the David Suzuki Foundation, educating people on how to live a greener life by making changes around the house. She says that donating or shopping at thrift stores is an excellent way to exercise all three of the three R’s: reduce, reuse and recycle. She says, “Whether it’s a purse or a pair of shoes, it’s really worth ‎ considering going to thrift stores as another point of contact to help reduce your consumption.”‎ Coulter points out that since landfills are airtight, textiles take longer to break down. “I’d imagine things like an old towel, a rag or an old Tshirt will last a really long time，” she says. The beauty of thrift shopping is that the supply is neverending, so if you don’t find what you’re looking for one day, it’s likely to show up in no time.‎ One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk, costume specialist in the Department of Theatre and Film at the University of British Columbia. She says the majority of items for the university’s productions are purchased secondhand. Because of her shrinking budget, items like clothing and shoes are thrifted from Value Village. “We are constantly thrifting and we reuse costumes for many years.Thrift shopping is a much easier, cheaper way to do things，” she says.‎ The next time you need to lighten your closet, take the opportunity to go thrift shopping to lighten both your carbon footprint and your financial burden at the same time.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了一种环保的生活方式，即去慈善商店捐或购买二手衣物。‎ ‎13．What is a “thrift store” according to the text?‎ A．It deals with daily garbage.‎ B．It sells secondhand items.‎ C．It exchanges new clothes.‎ D．It donates used items.‎ 解析：选B　细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“She says that donating ...reduce, reuse and recycle.”可知，慈善商店是收纳并出售二手货的店。‎ ‎14．What do we know about Jodi Jacyk?‎ A．She doesn’t budget carefully.‎ B．She complains a lot about her job.‎ C．She is a fan of thrift shopping.‎ D．She is known as “Queen of Green”．‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第四段的“One person who knows this quite well is Jodi Jacyk”和“We are constantly thrifting and we reuse costumes for many years.”可推知，Jodi Jacyk热衷于在慈善商店里购物，是这项活动的粉丝。‎ ‎15．What is the author’s attitude toward thrift shopping?‎ A．Conservative. B．Cautious.‎ C．Doubtful. D．Supportive.‎ 解析：选D　观点态度题。根据最后一段的内容可推知，作者是支持这种到慈善商店里购物的环保行为的。‎