北京市房山区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

北京市房山区2019-2020学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题

房山区 2019-2020 学年度第一学期期末检测试卷 高一英语 本试卷共 10 页，100 分。考试时长 100 分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在 试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。 第一部分：知识运用（共两节，45 分） 第一节 语法填空（共 10 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 15 分） A 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, my wife wanted me to take my mother out to dinner and a movie. She said, "I know she loves you and would love to spend some time with you." My mother ___1___(be) a widow（寡 妇）for 19 years, but the demands of my work and my three ___2___(child) had made it impossible to visit her very often. That night I called to invite her to go out for dinner and a movie. She thought about it for a moment, and then said, "I would like___3___(spend) the night with you very much." 【答案】1. has been 2. children 3. to spend 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的母亲生前为作者做的事，告诉读者爱就是那个心里 对某人的不离不弃。 【1 题详解】 考查现在完成时态。句意：我母亲已经守寡 19 年了。可知，句子用现在完成时态，再根据句 子主语是 My mother，属于单数第三人称，故填 has been。 【2 题详解】 考查名词复数。根据空格前的 three 可知，空格后面的名词用复数形式，故填 children。 【3 题详解】 考查固定结构。句意：我很想和你一起过夜。固定结构：would like to do sth.“愿意做某事”。 故填 to spend。 B 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Nowadays, we can move around the world and still stay in touch ___4___ the people that we want to. Social media tools let us see what our friends are doing ___5___ we have a Wi-Fi connection. The digital age also enables us to find people ___6___ share our interests, such as collecting model cars or playing an unusual instrument. Whatever our hobbies, the Internet can connect us with others who also enjoy ___7___(do) them, even if they live on the other side of the world. 【答案】4. with 5. if/when 6. who 7. doing 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是高科技时代，是互联网把我们联系在一起。 【4 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：如今，我们可以周游世界，仍然与我们想要的人保持联系。固定搭配： stay in touch with sb.“与……保持联系”。故填 with。 【5 题详解】 考查连词。句意：如果我们有 Wi-Fi 连接，社交媒体工具可以让我们看到朋友们在做什么。/ 当我们有 Wi-Fi 连接时，社交媒体工具让我们看到我们的朋友在做什么。结合句意，可知此处 是 if 引导的条件状语从句或 when 引导的时间状语从句。故填 if/when。 【6 题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：数字时代还使我们能够找到与我们有共同兴趣的人，比如收集汽车模 型或演奏一种不同寻常的乐器。此处 people 是先行词，指人，放在后面的定语从句中作主语， 故填 who。 【7 题详解】 考查固定搭配。句意：不管我们的爱好是什么，互联网可以把我们和那些喜欢做这些事情的 人联系起来，即使他们住在世界的另一端。固定搭配：enjoy doing sth.“喜欢做某事”。此处是 动名词作宾语，故填 doing。 【点睛】分析定语从句关键抓住两点：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所 作的成分。先行词往往为名词或代词，如本题第 3 小题中先行词为名词 people，再分析先行词 people 在定语从句中所作的成分，将先行词 people 带到从句中可知，只能作主语，故确定关 系词为 who。 C 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写一个适当的单词，在给出 提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 Spring usually ___8___(begin) on February 3-5 every year. From this day on, the days get longer and the weather gets ___9___(warm). In addition, from this day to summer, we usually call this period the spring. Besides, it's also a traditional festival in China --- on behalf of the beginning of the new year. So it ____10____(value) greatly by Chinese people. There exists the popular custom of eating spring rolls and cakes on that day, so it has another saying of biting spring. 【答案】8. begins 9. warmer 10. is valued 【解析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章叙述春天给我们带来的变化。 【8 题详解】 考查一般现在时态。句意：春天通常在每年的 2 月 3-5 日开始。根据 every year 可知句子用一 般现在时态，再根据句子主语 Spring 是单数第三人称，故填 begins。 【9 题详解】 考查形容词比较级。句意：从这一天开始，白天变长，天气变暖。根据句意和 longer 可知此 处用形容词比较级，故填 warmer。 【10 题详解】 考查一般现在时态的被动语态。句意：因此，它被中国人非常重视。此处 value 是动词，意思 是“重视”，这里在将一个客观事实，且句子主语 it 和 value 之间是一种被动关系，所以用一般 现在时态的被动语态，故填 is valued。 第二节 完形填空（共 20 小题；每小题 1.5 分，共 30 分） 阅读下面短文。掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳 选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 Who to Believe? My doctors told me I would never walk again because of the illness. My mother told me I would. I believed my mother. Wilma Rudolph was born in 1940 into a very large and poor African-American family in Tennessee. When she was four years old, a deadly ____11____ made her left leg useless. She had to wear an iron leg brace（固定器）. Her doctors told her she would never ____12____ like a normal person without the brace. ____13____ she was fortunate in having a mother who encouraged her to have faith and ____14____. At nine years of age, the little girl ____15____ the leg brace and took the step that her doctors had said was___16___. Then she got the incredible idea that she would like to be the world's greatest woman ____17____. Now, what cold she mean --- be a professional sportswoman with a useless leg? At the age of thirteen, she began to enter races, but she came in last in every race. Everyone begged her to ___18___ it. One day, however, she came in next to last. Then there came a day when she won a race. From then on, she ____19____ every race that she entered. In 1957, Wilma went to Tennessee State University, where she met a ____20____ named Ed Temple. He trained her so well that in 1960 she went to the Olympic Games in Rome. There she ____21____ a German girl named Jutta Heine, the greatest woman runner of the day. Wilma had just won two Olympic gold medals both in the 100-metre sprint（冲刺）and the 200-metre sprint. Then came the 400-metre ____22____. It would be Wilma against Jutta. When the third runner handed the baton（接力棒）to Wilma, she was so excited that she ____23____ it, and Wilma saw Jutta taking off down the track. It was impossible that anybody could catch this girl. But Wilma did just that! Wilma Rudolph had ____24____ her third Olympic gold medal in the 17th Olympic Games. That day Wilma made history as she became the first woman to win three gold medals in the same Olympic Games. Later she said. "The success can't be reached without the ____25____. I have spent a lifetime trying to share what it has meant to be a woman first in the world of sports so that other young women have a chance to reach their ___26___." Wilma had never ____27____ that she would not walk again and she kept struggling and finally earned the title of the world's ____28____ woman. Her story told us it is our ____29____ that show what we truly are far more than our ____30____. 11. A. fall B. cut C. illness D. accident 12 A. learn B. walk C. dance D. speak 13. A. And B. For C. So D. Yet 14. A. courage B. stage C. intelligence D. collection 15. A. removed B. bought C. applied D. checked 16. A. dependable B. unnecessary C. impossible D. reasonable 17. A. doctor B. runner C. writer D. lawyer 18. A. change B. challenge C. accept D. stop 19. A. won B. examined C. reflected D. practised 20. A. professor B. reporter C. coach D. scientist 21. A. met B. beat C. hugged D. observed 22. A. relay B. training C. fencing D. swimming 23. A. caught B. held C. grabbed D. dropped 24. A. designed B. earned C. made D. found 25. A. struggle B. medal C. praise D. brace 26. A. careers B. dreams C. titles D. resources 27. A. realized B. expressed C. believed D. regretted 28. A. smartest B. richest C. fastest D. bravest 29. A. education B. confidence C. adventure D. choices 30. A. responsibilities B. performances C. experiences D. abilities 【答案】11. C 12. B 13. D 14. A 15. A 16. C 17. B 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. B 22. A 23. D 24. B 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. C 29. D 30. D 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三枚奥运金牌获得者 Wilma Rudolph 的故事。医生曾宣布她如果 不带支架就不能走路，然而她在九岁时迈出了不可思议的第一步，她想成为世界上最伟大的 女跑步运动员，最终她在第 17 届奥运会上赢得三枚金牌。她的故事告诉我们，我们的选择远 比我们的能力更能反映出我们的本性。 【11 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当她四岁时，一场致命的疾病使她的左腿失去了功能。A. fall 落 下，跌倒；B. cut 切。割，伤口；C. illness 疾病；D. accident 事故。根据第 1 空后的 made her left leg useless 可知，她得了“疾病”。故选 C。 【12 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她的医生告诉她，如果不带支架，她走路就不会像正常人一样。A. learn 学习；B. walk 散步；C. dance 跳舞；D. speak 讲话。根据 like a normal person without the brace.可知，没有支架就不能“走路”。故选 B。 【13 题详解】 考查并列连词。句意：但幸运的是，她有一个鼓励她有信心和勇气的母亲。A. And 和；B. For 因为；C. So 所以；D. Yet 然而。根据 she would never ____2____ like a normal person without the brace. 和 she was fortunate 可知，前后是一种转折关系，故选 D。 【14 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但幸运的是，她有一个鼓励她有信心和勇气的母亲。A. courage 勇 气；B. stage 舞台；C. intelligence 智力；D. collection 收集。根据空格 4 前的 encouraged her to have faith 可知，妈妈鼓励她，让她有了自信和“勇气”。故选 A。 【15 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：九岁时，小女孩取下了腿上的支架，迈出了医生说不可能的一步。 A. removed 去掉，转移；B. bought 买；C. applied 应用；D. checked 核对。根据 took the step 可知，“取下”了支架。故选 A。 【16 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：九岁时，小女孩取下了腿上的支架，迈出了医生说不可能的一 步。A. dependable 可靠的；B. unnecessary 不必要的；C. impossible 不可能的；D. reasonable 合 情合理的。根据前文 Her doctors told her she would never ____2____ like a normal person without the brace.可知，医生认为没支架走路是“不可能”。故选 C。 【17 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她有了一个不可思议的想法，她想成为世界上最伟大的女跑 步运动员。A. doctor 医生；B. runner 跑步者；C. writer 作者；D. lawyer 律师。根据空格 7 后 的 Now, what cold she mean --- be a professional sportswoman with a useless leg?可知，她想成为 一个“跑步者”。故选 B。 【18 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：每个人都恳求她停止。A. change 改变；B. challenge 挑战；C. accept 接受；D. stop 停止。根据 she began to enter races, but she came in last in every race. Everyone begged her 可知，人们祈求她“停止”。故选 D。 【19 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，她参加的每一场比赛都获胜。A. won 赢得；B. examined 检查；C. reflected 反射；D. practised 练习。根据 when she won a race. From then on,和 every race that she entered.可知，她“赢得”每场比赛。故选 A。 【20 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1957 年，威尔玛去了田纳西州立大学，在那里她遇到了一位名叫 艾德·坦普尔的教练。A. professor 教授；B. reporter 记者；C. coach 教练；D. scientist 科学家。 根据空格 10 后的 He trained her so well that in 1960 she went to the Olympic Games in Rome.可 知，Ed Temple 是一名“教练”。故选 C。 【21 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她打败了一个名叫尤塔·海涅的德国女孩，她是当时最伟 大的女赛跑运动员。A. met 遇见；B. beat 打败；C. hugged 拥抱；D. observed 观察。根据第 11 空后的 Wilma had just won two Olympic gold medals both in the 100-metre sprint（冲刺）and the 200-metre sprint.可知，她“打败”了 Jutta Heine。故选 B。 【22 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：接着是 400 米接力赛。A. relay 接力赛；B. training 训练；C. fencing 剑术；D. swimming 游泳。根据下文的 hen the third runner handed the baton（接力棒）to Wilma 可知，此处指 400 米“接力比赛”。故选 A。 【23 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当第三名选手把接力棒交给威尔玛时，她激动得把接力棒掉了， 威尔玛看到尤塔沿着跑道起跑。A. caught 抓住；B. held 握住，举行；C. grabbed 捕获； D. dropped 下降。根据空格 13 下文，Wilma saw Jutta taking off down the track. It was impossible that anybody could catch this girl. But Wilma did just that!可知，Wilma 由于兴奋没有接住接力棒。 故选 D。 【24 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔玛·鲁道夫在第 17 届奥运会上获得了她的第三枚奥运金牌。A. designed 设计；B. earned 挣得；C. made 制造；D. found 发现。根据前文的 Wilma had just won two Olympic gold medals both in the 100-metre sprint（冲刺）and the 200-metre sprint.和空格 14 后的 her third Olympic gold medal in the 17th Olympic Games 可知，她“赢得”了第三枚奥运金牌。 故选 B。 【25 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有奋斗就不可能取得成功。A. struggle 挣扎，奋斗；B. medal 奖 牌；C. praise 赞扬；D. brace 支架，夹子。根据空格 7 后的 Now, what cold she mean --- be a professional sportswoman with a useless leg? 和她在第 17 届奥运会上获得 3 枚金牌，可知，没有奋斗，就没有成功。故选 A。 【26 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我花了一生的时间来分享在体育界作为女性的意义，这样其他年 轻女性就有机会实现她们的梦想。A. careers 职业；B. dreams梦想；C. titles标题；D. resources 资源。根据 other young women have a chance 可知，通过自己成功的例子，她认为其他女性也 有机会实现自己的“梦想”。故选 B。 【27 题详解】 考查动词词义辨析。句意：威尔玛从来没有想过她再也不能走路了，她一直在努力奋斗，最 终赢得了世界上跑得最快的女人的称号。A. realized 意识到；B. expressed 表达；C. believed 相信；D. regretted 后悔。根据 never ____17____ that she would not walk again 可知，她从来不“相 信”医生说的她不能走路。故选 C。 【28 题详解】 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：威尔玛从来没有想过她再也不能走路了，她一直在努力奋斗， 最终赢得了世界上跑得最快的女人的称号。A. smartest 最聪明的；B. 最 richest 富裕的；C. fastest 最快速的；D. bravest 最勇敢的。她获得了 100 米、200 米和 400 米接力的金牌，可知她是世 界上跑的“最快的”女性。故选 C。 【29 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事告诉我们，我们的选择远比我们的能力更能反映出我们 的本性。A. education 教育；B. confidence 自信；C. adventure 冒险；D. choices 选择。根据上文 Then she got the incredible idea that she would like to be the world's greatest woman ____7____.可 知，“选择”非常重要。故选 D。 【30 题详解】 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的故事告诉我们，我们的选择远比我们的能力更能反映出我们 的本性。A. responsibilities 责任；B. performances 演出；C. experiences 经历；D. abilities 能力。 通过她成功的例子，证明选择比“能力”更能反映出本性。故选 D。 【点睛】在做完形填空时一定要注意 and/but/so/besides/however/furthermore/moreover/in addition/what’s more/though 等词汇、固定结构的运用。它们连接了上下文，起着承上起下的作 用。像 but（但是）、however（然而），表示转折，这说明前后的内容相反或相对。把握住这一 点，做起题来就会得心应手。本题第 3 小题，句意：但幸运的是，她有一个鼓励她有信心和 勇气的母亲。A. And 和；B. For 因为；C. So 所以；D. Yet 然而。根据 she would never ____2____ like a normal person without the brace. 和 she was fortunate 可知，前后是一种转折关系，故选 D。 第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，40 分） 第一节（共 15 小题；每小题 2 分，共 30 分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答 题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Welcome to the 4-Day Wonderful Life Experience This 4-day sightseeing tour covers the most famous elements（元素）of China: the historical sites, natural scenery, unique culture, and lovely giant pandas. Day 1 Beijing Arrival Your guide will meet you at the arrivals hall. An experienced driver will transfer you to your hotel. Your guide will help you to check-in. You may start your first day wandering through Tian'anmen Square and arrive at the Forbidden City to have a little adventure in the previous home to emperors. After lunch at a local restaurant, you'll explore the centuries-old hutongs to get a taste of the locals' lifestyle: making dumplings in a local family's home, trying your hand at Chinese writing brush, or applying Peking Opera facial makeup. Day 2 The Summer Palace and the Great Wall Freshen up in the morning and start your day at Summer Palace, enjoying the 300-year-old royal garden. Take a pleasant boat ride on the lake and take a walk in the long corridors（走廊）to view the beautiful paintings on the ceilings. After enjoying some Beijing Roast Duck for lunch, we'll go on our tour to visit the Great Wall at Mutianyu. Walk through the watchtowers, enjoying a wonderful view of the wall winding across the mountains. The cable car to a good section of the Great Wall is included. Day 3 The Terracotta Army（兵马俑） At 7 in the morning, you will be driven to the airport for your flight to Xi'an. Your guide will be waiting for you and will transfer you to your hotel. Everything in Xi'an is about history. The Terracotta Army, with each figure being unique, has guarded Emperor Qin Shi Huang's tomb since 210 BC. After lunch, you'll visit the 600-year-old ancient city wall. Walking along Xi'an City Wall provides a good view of the city. Day 4 One-Day Panda Keeper Program In the morning, you'll get onto a high-speed train to Chengdu, where you can get close to giant pandas. You will get very close to them and learn more about them during the Panda Keeper Program in Dujiangyan Panda Base. Under the guidance of an English-speaking member of staff, you will clean the panda enclosures, feed a panda by hand and make cakes for them. After the tour, the driver will transfer you to the airport at 9 pm, and take you all the way to the security gate for your convenience. China visas provided PLUS a free dinner or snack tour Valid: Nov.20, 2019-Dec.2, 2020 Please click here for more detailed information. 31. The passage is mainly introducing ___________. A. the culture and history of China B. a sightseeing program in China C. some famous buildings in China D. some special experiences in China 32. Those places are chosen to be introduced because ___________. A. the sceneries are beautiful B. they are symbols of China C. their buildings are world famous D. their culture and history are famous 33. The intended readers of the passage are ___________. A. parents B. researchers C. historians D. foreigners 【答案】31. B 32. B 33. D 【解析】 本文是广告类阅读。这篇文章主要介绍了中国的一个观光旅游项目——欢迎来到四天的精彩 生活体验。 【31 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据标题 Welcome to the 4-Day Wonderful Life Experience“欢迎来到为期 4 天的精彩人生体验”和第一段 This 4-day sightseeing tour covers the most famous elements（元 素）of China: the historical sites, natural scenery, unique culture, and lovely giant pandas.“这趟为期 四天的观光之旅涵盖了中国最著名的元素:名胜古迹、自然风光、独特的文化和可爱的大熊猫。” 可知，这篇文章主要介绍了中国的一个观光旅游项目。故选 B。 【32 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第一段 This 4-day sightseeing tour covers the most famous elements（元素）of China: the historical sites, natural scenery, unique culture, and lovely giant pandas.“这趟为期四天 的观光之旅涵盖了中国最著名的元素:名胜古迹、自然风光、独特的文化和可爱的大熊猫。” 和文中介绍的四天所体验的地方。可知，之所以选择这些地方作为介绍对象，是因为它们是 中国的象征。故选 B。 【33 题详解】 推理判断题。文中所介绍的这些地方是中国的象征符号，为中国人所熟悉。再根据文章最后 China visas provided PLUS a free dinner or snack tour“中国签证还提供免费的晚餐或小吃之旅”。 由此推知，这篇文章的目标读者是外国人。故选 D。 B Wang Daheng, Father of Chinese Optical Engineering In 1949, the field of applied optical（光学）science didn't exist in China. Understanding its importance for national strength, the Chinese government paid much attention to optical research. Wang Daheng, a respected optical physicist, devoted his whole life to this cause. He kept watching on the development of China's first optical glass, first electronic microscope, first laser device, and first large-size optical measuring equipment, and helped to found the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was called the father of Chinese optical engineering. As a teenager, Wang Daheng often followed his father to the observatory and became greatly interested in the apparatus（仪器）there. In 1936, he graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in physics. Two years later, he won a government scholarship to study in England. After earning his master's degree from Imperial College London in 1940, he began his doctoral studies in optical physics and technology. In 1948, Wang gave up his established career and comfortable life in the West and returned to his motherland with the aim of empowering it（增强它的自主权）through science and technology. At the time China did not have the capability to produce optical measuring equipment on its own. In 1951, Wang was instructed to found an institute of fine mechanics and was appointed its first president. Within less than two years, Wang and his team produced the first group of China-made optical glass. Over the following six years, they went on to develop the country's first electronic microscope, first high-precision theodolite（经纬仪）, first optical range finder, and five other optical devices, laying the foundation for China's precision optical instrument industry. In 1961, they independently developed the ruby laser in China. In addition to scientific research, Wang advanced the study of optics in higher education. Starting in the 1960s, Wang participated in optical research related to the development of nuclear bombs, missiles, and man-made satellites. In 1970, China successfully launched the Dongfanghong I satellite, of which Wang was one of the designers. When the satellite returned to Earth, the devices they designed brought back clear images of our home planet as seen from the outer space for the first time. To close the technological gap between China and developed countries, Wang and three other scientists made the suggestion of drawing up a state hi-tech development plan in 1986, which led to the famous 863 Program. In 1992, Wang and a group of other scientists called for the creation of the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In the following years, he won many honors from the state. He passed away in Beijing aged 96 on July 21, 2011 after living a full and fruitful life. 34. Why did Wang Daheng return to China from West? A. To earn his master's degree. B. To get together with his family. C. To do contribution to his country. D. To won honors in the motherland 35. Why is Wang Daheng called the Father of Chinese Optical Engineering? A. Because he drew up the hi-tech development. B. Because he participated in the optical research. C. Because he was a famous and respected physicist. D. Because he achieved many firsts in Optical engineering. 36. Which word can best describe Wang Daheng? A. Friendly. B. Positive. C. Devoted. D. Humorous. 37. The passage is organized in order of ___________. A. time B. space C. importance D. effectiveness 【答案】34. C 35. D 36. C 37. A 【解析】 这是一篇人物传记。文章介绍了中国光学工程之父王大珩以及他为国家做出的贡献。 【34 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段第一句 In 1948, Wang gave up his established career and comfortable life in the West and returned to his motherland with the aim of empowering it（增强它的自主权）through science and technology.“1948 年，王大珩放弃了在西方已确立的事业和舒适的生活，回到祖国， 希望通过科学技术使祖国强大起来。”由此可知，王大珩之所以从西方回到中国为了给他的国 家做贡献。故选 C。 【35 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段中 He kept watching on the development of China's first optical glass, first electronic microscope, first laser device, and first large-size optical measuring equipment, and helped to found the Chinese Academy of Engineering. He was called the father of Chinese optical engineering.“他一直关注着中国第一个光学玻璃、第一个电子显微镜、第一个激光装置、第一 个大型光学测量设备的发展，并帮助建立了中国工程院。他被称为中国光学工程之父。”由此 可知，王大珩之所以被称为中国光学工程之父是因为他在光学工程方面取得了许多第一。故 选 D。 【36 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第二段第一句 Wang Daheng, a respected optical physicist, devoted his whole life to this cause.“王大珩，一位受人尊敬的光学物理学家，毕生致力于这一事业。”由此可知，描 述王大珩最好的词语是“Devoted”。故选 C。 【37 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三段中 In 1936, he graduated from Tsinghua University with a degree in physics. Two years later, he won a government scholarship to study in England. After earning his master's degree from Imperial College London in 1940,和第四段中 In 1948, In 1951, In 1961, 以及 下文中的 Starting in the 1960s, In 1970, in 1986, In 1992, on July 21, 2011 由此可以看出，这篇文 章是按时间顺序组织的。故选 A。 C Emperor Penguins Emperor penguins are considered the most beautiful and the largest of all penguins. They are amazing birds. They are good survivors, excellent swimmers and great parents. Do you know where we can see them? You are absolutely right! Antarctica. Only Antarctica! Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2℃. In order to survive the extremely tough environment, emperor penguins have to cooperate. They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside. Emperor penguins live on a diet which consists of different types of fish and other kinds of sea life. To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin. Their dives often reach about 244 metres, and they can even dive to more than 535 metres when necessary. They can remain under water for almost 18 minutes, longer than any other kind of penguin. Emperor penguins have a very hard time bringing up their babies. They have to go to great lengths to care for their children. After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg. For two months, the father, whose duty is to keep the egg safe and warm, carries his egg around on his feet and will give up eating until the mother returns. He does not sit on the egg like many other birds, but stands and balances it on his feet. Thus he is at the mercy of the Antarctic weather. When the mother returns from the sea, sometimes up to 60-80 kilometres away, she throws up some of the food for the chick and takes the male's place to look after it. The father then takes his turn to feed at sea. Cooperative parenting at its finest. By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own. What an amazing cycle it is! 38. The underlined word "cooperate" in the third paragraph means ___________. A. work together B. fight against cold C. protect themselves D. move to warm places 39. Emperor penguins ___________. A. feed on only certain types of fish B. live in the most terrible weather conditions C. are amazing birds that can both fly and swim D. stay in water 18 minutes longer than other penguins 40. From the passage, we know that emperor penguins are ___________. A. great parents who sit on eggs to keep them warm B. the most beautiful and the largest birds in the world C. good survivors and they move to warm places in winter D. excellent swimmers and they can dive deeper than other penguins 41. We can learn from the passage that ___________. A the chicks break up the eggshells in summer B. an Emperor Penguin lays several eggs at a time C. the male Emperor Penguins hatch the eggs in winter D. the chicks are ready to live on their own one year later 【答案】38. A 39. B 40. D 41. C 【解析】 【分析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍生活在南极的帝企鹅。 【38 题详解】 词义猜测题。根据第三段中 They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.“他们挤在一起防风保暖。 同时，他们轮流移动到相对温暖的内部。”由此可知，为了在极其恶劣的环境下生存它们必须“合 作”。所以划线词的意思是“合作”。故选 A。 【39 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第三题 Antarctica is the continent which is the most southern area of land on the Earth and is mostly covered with ice. It is colder, drier and windier than any other place on the Earth. The lowest temperature can reach -89.2℃.“南极洲是地球上最南部的陆地，大部分被冰覆盖。它 比地球上任何其他地方都要冷、干燥、多风。最低温度可达-89.2℃。”可知，帝企鹅生活在最 恶劣的天气条件下。故选 B。 【40 题详解】 细节理解题。根据句第四段中 To find food, these birds, which are unable to fly, can dive much deeper than any other kind of penguin.“为了寻找食物，这些不会飞的鸟可以比任何其他种类的企 鹅潜得更深。”可知，帝企鹅是优秀的游泳者，他们可以比其他企鹅潜得更深。故选 D。 【41 题详解】 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中 After laying an egg, the tired female emperor penguin will leave the family behind to feed at sea, while the male is left to take care of the egg.“下蛋后，疲惫不堪的 雌帝企鹅会离开家去海上觅食，而雄帝企鹅会留下来照顾蛋。”和倒数第一段中 By December, during the Antarctic summer, when the ice begins to break up and open water appears, the young emperor penguins are now ready to be excellent survivors, good swimmers and great parents on their own. “到了 12 月，也就是南极的夏季，冰层开始破裂，开阔的水面出现，年幼的帝企鹅已经 准备好成为优秀的幸存者、游泳好手和伟大的父母。”由此推知，雄性帝企鹅在冬天孵蛋。故 选 C。 【点睛】做词义猜测题时利用上下文提供的情景和线索，进行合乎逻辑的综合分析进而推测 词义，最常见的就是利用上下文语境、常识和语法关系推断词义，尤其是抓住所需推断词汇 前后的内容。本题第 1 小题，根据第三段中 They crowd together to protect themselves from the wind and keep warm. Meanwhile, they take turns to move to the relatively warm inside.“他们挤在 一起防风保暖。同时，他们轮流移动到相对温暖的内部。”由此可知，为了在极其恶劣的环境 下生存它们必须“合作”。所以划线词的意思是“合作”。故选 A。 D Strangers Under the Same Roof Does every dinner with your parents seem to turn into an argument? Have your once warm and open conversations become cold and guarded? Do you feel that you just cannot see eye to eye with them on anything? You are not alone. Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents. Teenagers' physical changes may result in such family tensions. You may feel anxious that you are developing at a different rate to your friends, shooting up in height or getting left far behind. You might worry about your changing voice, weight problems or spots（粉刺）.When it all gets too much, your parents are often the first targets of your anger. It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too. You enter a strange middle ground --- no longer a small child but not quite an adult. You have both a new desire for independence and a continued need for your parents' love and support. You feel ready to be more responsible and make decisions on your own. Unfortunately, your parents do not always agree and that makes you feel unhappy. "Why can't they just let me go?" you may wonder. On the other hand, when you are struggling to control your feelings, you wish they could be more caring and patient---sometimes they forget that growing up is a rough ride. It can be difficult when your parents treat you like a child but expect you to act like an adult. All of this can lead to a breakdown in your relationship. Although sometimes it may seem impossible to get along as a family, you can take action to improve the situation. The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. When you disagree with your parents，take a minute to calm down and try to understand the situation from their point of view. Perhaps they have experienced something similar and do not want you to go through the same pain. After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully，and address their concerns. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will lean when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control. Just remember that it is completely a common thing to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship. The good news is that this stormy period will not last. Everything will turn out all right in the end, and the changes and challenges of your teenage years will prepare you for adulthood. 42. The first paragraph is mainly introducing ___________. A. the importance of close family relationships B the quarrels between teenagers and their parents C. the wall of trust between parents and their teenagers D. the common conversations between parents and children 43. What mainly causes the teenagers family tensions according to the author? A. Their parents' attitude towards them. B. Parents' strict control over their teenagers. C. Parents' expectation on their children's development. D. Teenagers' physical changes and their mental needs. 44. What would the author agree according to the passage? A. Parents should let go of the control over their teenagers. B. Teenagers should always follow their parents' points of view. C. Parents and teenagers should always keep open conversations. D. Teenagers should not depend on their parents' love and support. 45. The author thinks the stress that family tensions cause is ___________. A. normal B. terrible C. avoidable D. natural 【答案】42. B 43. D 44. C 45. A 【解析】 这是一篇议论文。激烈的争论和冷冷的沉默在青少年和他们的父母之间很常见。文章论述了 如何看待青少年和父母之间的紧张关系以及解决的方法。 【42 题详解】 主旨大意题。根据第一段中 Heated arguments and cold silences are common between teenagers and their parents.“激烈的争论和冷冷的沉默在青少年和他们的父母之间很常见。”可知，第一段主 要介绍了青少年和父母之间的争吵第一段主要介绍了青少年和父母之间的争吵。故选 B。 【43 题详解】 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句 Teenagers' physical changes may result in such family tensions. “青少年的身体变化可能会导致这样的家庭紧张。”和第三段第一句 It can be a big headache to balance your developing mental needs too.“平衡你不断发展的心理需求也是一件令人头疼的事 情。”由此可知，青少年的身体变化和心理需求是造成青少年家庭关系紧张的主要原因。故选 D。 【44 题详解】 推理判断题。根据第四段中 The key to keeping the peace is regular and honest communication. “保 持和平的关键是定期和诚实的沟通。”和 After you have thought it through, explain your actions and feelings calmly, listen carefully ， and address their concerns. Through this kind of healthy discussion, you will lean when to back down and when to ask your parents to relax their control.“在 你想清楚之后，冷静地解释你的行为和感受，仔细倾听，并解决他们的担忧。通过这种健康 的讨论，你将学会什么时候让步，什么时候要求父母放松控制。”由此可知， 父母和青少年应该保持开放的对话。故选 C。 【45 题详解】 细节理解题。根据最后一段中 Just remember that it is completely a common thing to struggle with the stress that parent child tensions create, and that you and your parents can work together to improve your relationship.“只要记住，与父母和孩子之间的紧张关系所产生的压力作斗争是完 全正常的，你和你的父母可以共同努力来改善你们的关系。”由此可知，作者认为家庭紧张引 起的压力是正常的。故选 A。 第二节（共 5 小题；每小题 2 分，共 10 分） 根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有 两项为多余选项。 The Amazon Rainforest: A Natural Treasure Welcome to the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth's ecosystem. The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries. With an area of around 5.5 million square kilometres, the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is about 6,400 kilometres in length. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean the river supports many different ecosystems. ____46____ Of the 390000 plant species known to man, more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. The forest's different levels support an unbelievable variety of wildlife. At the bottom, there is a system of roots beneath the ground. Above that is the mass of leaf litter on the dark forest floor. ____47____ Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods, and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground. Each level of the forest forms its own little world, home to different kinds of living things. More than 1,300 species of birds and over 400 species of mammals hide among the jungle's plant life. This jaguar is one example. It has yellowish-brown coat with black spots. While a significant number of jaguars survive here, they are only one element of this forest's food chain. ____48____ These frogs, in turn, feed on insects which eat leaves and fruit. When a jaguar dies, a tiny army of microorganisms helps break down its body and return the nutrients to the earth. The Amazon rainforest breathes life into the planet by fixing carbon and producing over 20 percent of all the Earth's oxygen. ____49____ Moreover, the Amazon rainforest is a treasure house of species that can be used for food or medicine. Yet there is one major danger to these irreplaceable plants and animals: us. ____50____ As the impact of human activities such as agriculture and cattle farming continues to grow and the list of species in danger of extinction becomes longer, we are left with a question: can we afford to damage the "lungs of the planet"? A. They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs. B. Thus, it is often known as the "lungs of the planet". C. Rivers tend to be the easiest way to enter the forest. D. The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves. E. They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth. F. Currently the trees in the Amazon take in around 500 million tonnes of CO2 each year. G. Over the past 50 years, 17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities. 【答案】46. E 47. D 48. A 49. B 50. G 【解析】 这是一篇说明文。文章介绍亚马逊雨林。它是一个自然宝藏，但在过去的 50 年里，17%的雨 林由于人类活动而消失。 【46 题详解】 根据上文提示“在从山脉到海洋的旅程中，这条河支持着许多不同的生态系统。”承接上文，E 项 They give this area the richest species of plants and animals on the Earth.（他们给这个地区带来 了地球上最丰富的动植物物种。）切题。故选 E。 【47 题详解】 根据上文提示“上面是黑暗的森林地面上的落叶。”再根据空格下文“然后是高耸的古代硬木， 最后是高出地面许多米的最高树木的顶部。”承接上下文，D 项 The next level is made up of shorter plants with large leaves.（下一层是由长着大叶子的矮植物组成的。）切题。故选 D。 【48 题详解】 根据上文提示“虽然大量的美洲虎在这里生存，但它们只是这片森林食物链的一部分。”再根据 下文提示“反过来，这些青蛙以吃树叶和水果的昆虫为食。”承接上下文，A 项 They feed on at least 87 species, including frogs.（它们以至少 87 种动物为食，包括青蛙。）切题。故选 A。 【49 题详解】 上文提示“亚马逊雨林通过固定碳和生产地球上 20%以上的氧气给地球带来了生机。”再根据下 文提示“此外，亚马逊雨林是物种的宝库，可以用于食物或药物。”承接上下文，B 项 Thus, it is often known as the "lungs of the planet".（因此，它经常被称为“地球的肺”。）切题。故选 B。 【50 题详解】 根据下文提示“随着农业和养牛等人类活动的影响持续增长，濒临灭绝的物种名单越来越长， 我们面临一个问题:我们是否有能力破坏‘地球的肺’?”承接下文，G 项 Over the past 50 years, 17 percent of the rainforest has disappeared due to human activities.（在过去的 50 年里，17%的雨林 由于人类活动而消失。）切题。故选 G。 第三部分：书面表达（15 分） 51.假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的英国笔友 Peter 来信询问你高一学校生活的情况。请 你给他回信，内容包括： 1.你的学校生活； 2.你的感受； 3.询问他的情况。 注意：1.词数不少于 50； 2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 Dear Peter, ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Peter, I’m very pleased to tell you how I get along with my high school as you want to learn about it. It is going really well. Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, my school is an ideal place to get us the all-round development. Apart from the excellent teachers, the public transportation is also convenient. Our school life is busy and exciting. There are many activities in our school that we all enjoy taking part in. I have made many new friends and we often help and learn from each other. What about you? May your school life be filled with achievements and happiness. Yours Li Hua 【解析】 【分析】 本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求写一封信。 【详解】第 1 步：根据提示可知，本篇为一封书信：假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。你的 英国笔友 Peter 来信询问你高一学校生活的情况。请你给他回信，内容包括：1.你的学校生活； 2.你的感受；3.询问他的情况。 第 2 步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组），如：pleased to tell you（高兴地告诉你）；going really well（真的变好）；Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood（位于一个美丽而安静的社区）； Apart from the excellent teachers（除了一些优秀的老师之外）；等。 第 3 步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。 第 4 步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰， 保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。 【点睛】本文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。另外全文中没有中国式英语的句 式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。文中使用高级句子。I’m very pleased to tell you how I get along with my high school as you want to learn about it.句中 how 引导宾语从句，as 引导原因状语 从句；Located in a beautiful and quiet neighborhood, my school is an ideal place to get us the all-round development.此处过去分词作原因状语。