【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习限时规范练北师大版：必修1Unit2A　Heroes作业

【英语】2021届新高考英语一轮复习限时规范练北师大版：必修1Unit2A　Heroes作业

限时规范练3(必修1　Unit 2A)‎ 核心素养关键词:培养学生人与社会、发明创造的素养能力意识 ‎　限时规范练第6页　 ‎ 一、阅读理解 A ‎“Garlic coffee” can be good news to coffee-loving pregnant women as a man in northeastern Japan invented the drink that looks and tastes like coffee but is made up entirely of locally grown garlic.‎ ‎“My drink is probably the world’s first of its kind,” said 75-year-old Yokitomo Shimotai,who was a coffee shop owner in Aomori Prefecture.“It contains no caffeine so it’s good for those who would like to drink coffee at night or pregnant women.”‎ Shimotai,who started the drink’s sale in January 2017,said the drink was accidentally made from a cooking mistake about 30 years ago,when he burned a steak and garlic while waiting tables at his shop.‎ He mashed (捣烂) the burnt garlic with a spoon and mixed it with hot water.When he drank it,he was surprised at its “coffee-like taste” with bitterness.‎ Shimotai began researching the drink after retirement,aimed at turning it into a product.‎ After repeating trials and errors on the best way to make it,he created a “coffee” he can be satisfied with about six years ago by using an electric furnace (火炉) to roast the garlic.After cooling it,the garlic is mashed up.‎ Shimotai took a patent on the method in 2015,and opened a workshop in neighboring Iwate Prefecture.‎ While his drink has a pleasant smell of roasted garlic,it will not cause bad breath because it is carefully and fully roasted,according to Shimotai.‎ The drink is now available at two souvenir shops in Aomori Prefecture,or by ordering by telephone.‎ A packet containing one cup of garlic coffee costs 324 yen ($2.8).Orders can be made with his workshop called Techno Baisen Kobo at 0195(37)1999 in the city of Ninohe,Iwate Prefecture.‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。一位日本老人用大蒜作为原料发明了一款特别的咖啡。‎ ‎1.What makes “garlic coffee” special?‎ ‎　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　‎ A.It isn’t bitter at all.‎ B.It is caffeine-free.‎ C.It doesn’t taste like coffee.‎ D.It is especially good for night workers.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“It contains no caffeine”可知,大蒜咖啡不含咖啡因成分。‎ ‎2.What led to Shimotai’s invention of “garlic coffee”?‎ A.A cooking mistake.‎ B.The market competition.‎ C.Pregnant women’s demand.‎ D.His love for garlic and coffee.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“...the drink was accidentally made from a cooking mistake about 30 years ago”可知,Shimotai因为一次烹饪失误意外做成了这种咖啡。‎ ‎3.What is the purpose of this text?‎ A.To encourage invention.‎ B.To advertise “garlic coffee”.‎ C.To introduce “garlic coffee”.‎ D.To praise Yokitomo Shimotai.‎ 答案C 解析写作目的题。本文主要介绍了大蒜咖啡发明的契机以及其制作过程,有关它的生产与销售文中只是略有提及,故选C项。‎ B Everyone knows chameleons (变色龙) can change color,but why do they do it? Suppose you were given these three options:(a) to match with their surroundings,(b) to get a mate,or (c) to impress humans.Most people would choose (a).But the real answer is (b).‎ It’s not a hard-and-fast rule:there is evidence that the colorful changes of some chameleons can be a disguise.For instance,the small-sized chameleon Bradypodion taeniabronchum seems to match its surroundings more closely when facing an enemy with better color vision.For most chameleons,however,changing color is all about getting a mate.‎ In their natural environment,most chameleons match with their surroundings pretty well,says ecologist Kristopher Karsten of California Lutheran University in Thousand Oaks.So when they change color,they tend to make themselves easier to notice.Competing males will often battle it out with a color-change fight.‎ The color-change process doesn’t work the way you might expect it to either.‎ Most of us would think it is achieved by some kind of pigments (色素).But a study published in March 2015 suggests that the color changes have nothing to do with chemistry at all.Instead,it turns out there are some nanocrystals (纳米晶体) within the chameleon’s cells.By changing the positions of these crystals,the chameleon can show different shades of color.‎ It’s not just about how chameleons look.They are also unusually good at using their eyes.‎ In a neat study published in July 2015,zoologists showed chameleons two objects that moved around a computer screen.The chameleons were able to split their vision,each eye independently focusing on a different object.Eventually,the chameleons seemed to make a choice,both eyes locking onto the same target.This way they could do a better job of judging how far away the objects were — and thus how far to shoot out their tongues.‎ All that said,there is a lot that we still don’t know about chameleons.‎ ‎【篇章导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了变色龙变色的原因、方法及其眼睛的特殊之处。‎ ‎4.Why does Bradypodion taeniabronchum change color?‎ A.To hunt food.‎ B.To cheat its enemies.‎ C.To make itself disappear.‎ D.To attract human’s attention.‎ 答案B 解析细节理解题。由第二段中的“...there is evidence that the colorful changes of some chameleons...facing an enemy with better color vision”可知,有些变色龙改变身体颜色是为了伪装自己,而Bradypodion taeniabronchum这种变色龙便是其中的一个例子,它碰到色彩视感强的敌人时,会变成与周围环境更接近的颜色,以迷惑敌人。‎ ‎5.How do male chameleons compete with each other for a mate?‎ A.By changing color.‎ B.By staring at each other.‎ C.By fighting with each other.‎ D.By matching with their surroundings.‎ 答案A 解析细节理解题。由第三段中的“Competing males will often battle it out with a color-change fight.”可知,雄性变色龙决斗的方式是“变色大战”。‎ ‎6.How do chameleons change color?‎ A.By producing more nanocrystals.‎ B.By using different kinds of pigments.‎ C.By changing the positions of their cells.‎ D.By changing the positions of their nanocrystals.‎ 答案D 解析细节理解题。由第五段中的“By changing the positions of these crystals...different shades of color”可知,变色龙通过改变细胞内纳米晶体的位置来显示不同的颜色,从而达到改变身体颜色的效果。‎ ‎7.What is special about chameleons’ eyes?‎ A.They can tell different colors.‎ B.They can see objects from a long distance.‎ C.They can notice objects on a computer screen.‎ D.They can focus on two objects at one time.‎ 答案D 解析细节理解题。由倒数第二段中的“The chameleons were able to split...independently focusing on a different object.”可知,变色龙的两只眼睛可以同时分别聚焦在不同的物体上面。‎ 二、七选五 Why camp is great for children If you’ve been to camp,you’re not surprised to hear about the advantages of summer camp.Here is a list of the most important reasons to send your kids to camp.‎ At camp,children:‎ Make true friends — Camp is the place where kids make their very best friends.Free from the social expectations pressuring them at school,camp encourages kids to relax and make friends easily.　1　Every day,friendships are created. ‎ Learn social skills— Coming to camp means joining a community where everyone must agree to work together and respect each other.When they live in a small room with others,kids solve problems,and see the importance of open communication.　2　 ‎ Grow more independent— 　3　Managing their daily choices in the safe,caring environment of camp,children welcome this as a chance to grow in new directions.Camp helps kids develop who they are. ‎ Experience success and become more confident — Camp helps children build self-confidence.With its non-competitive activities and different chances to succeed,camp life really improves young people.　4　Camp teaches kids that they can. ‎ Spend their day being physically active—As children spend so much time these days inside and mostly sitting down,camp provides a wonderful chance to move.　5　Camp is action! ‎ A.Camp builds teamwork.‎ B.There’s achievement every day.‎ C.Running,swimming,jumping,climbing!‎ D.All the fun at camp draws everyone together.‎ E.It is easy for kids to develop what they like to do.‎ F.Camp is the perfect place for kids to practice making decisions for themselves.‎ G.When kids take a break from the Internet,they rediscover their creative powers.‎ 答案与解析 ‎【篇章导读】本文是议论文。文章论述了参加夏令营活动给孩子们带来的好处。‎ ‎1.D　根据该段的主题Make true friends及下文中的“Every day,friendships are created.”可知,夏令营中有趣的活动让大家聚到一起并建立起真挚的友谊。‎ ‎2.A　根据上文中的“Learn social skills”及“Coming to camp means joining a community where everyone must agree to work together and respect each other.”可知,夏令营可以帮助孩子们建立团队精神。‎ ‎3.F　F项中的内容与该段主题“Grow more independent”相照应,故选F项。‎ ‎4.B　B项中的achievement与该段的主题Experience success相照应,故选B项。‎ ‎5.C　根据下文中的“Camp is action!”可知,夏令营包括很多体育活动。‎ 三、语法填空 ‎1.　　　　　 (cover) one third of the Earth’s surface,grasslands sometimes 2.　　　　　 (know) by many names,such as savannah or plains. ‎ The health of grasslands depends 3.　　　　　 how much animals feed on native plants.If too many animals feed on the plants,the area could become a desert.But too little feeding can also be bad for grasslands. ‎ The Great Plains,4.　　　　　 are famous for supporting large cattle ranches (畜牧场),cover a large area in the middle of the United States.5.　　　　　 (make) their businesses more successful by feeding more cattle and sheep without destroying the environment of grasslands,a growing number of local ranchers are joining with 6. (environment) groups willingly nowadays.7. (compare) with the ranchers,these groups pay more attention to the 8.　　　　　 (protect) of the health of grasslands.And one of their 9.　　　　　 (goal) is to protect native plants and animals.After years of effort,they have increased the income for local ranches,and at 10. same time,they have protected the Great Plains. ‎ 答案与解析 ‎1.Covering　考查动词-ing形式做状语的用法。grasslands与cover之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,且cover所表示的动作与谓语动作同时发生,故填Covering。‎ ‎2.are known　考查一般现在时的被动语态。由语境可知,设空处是对一般情况的描述,应用一般现在时,又因为grasslands与know之间是被动关系,故填are known。‎ ‎3.on / upon　考查介词。depend on / upon意为“取决于”。‎ ‎4.which　考查关系代词。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,补充说明The Great Plains,且在从句中做主语,故填which。‎ ‎5.To make　考查不定式做状语的用法。由语境可知,当地牧场与环保小组合作是为了使他们的生意更成功,故填To make。‎ ‎6.environmental　考查形容词做定语的用法。设空处做定语修饰groups,表示“有关环境的”,故填environmental。‎ ‎7.Compared　考查过去分词做状语的用法。compare与these groups之间是逻辑上的动宾关系,且compare所表示的动作已完成,故填Compared。‎ ‎8.protection　考查名词。由设空处前面的the可知,应填名词,故填protection。‎ ‎9.goals　考查名词复数。“one of + their +可数名词复数形式”表示“他们的……之一”。‎ ‎10.the　考查定冠词。at the same time意为“同时”。‎