2020届二轮专题辅导与测试：专题2阅读七选五第一部分专题二课件

2020届二轮专题辅导与测试：专题2阅读七选五第一部分专题二课件

第一部分 高考专题突破 专题二　七选五 A (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “ go out and get some fresh air. ” __ 1 __According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 感悟高考 __ 2 __If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with lifegiving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles( 肌肉 ) and your brain. Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing( 治愈 ) ． __ 3 __In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood( 情绪 ). Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.__ 4 __It gives us a great feeling of peace. __ 5 __While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D － but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that ’ s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day ’ s worth of Vitamin D. A ． Fresh air cleans our lungs. B ． So what are you waiting for? C ． Being in nature refreshes us. D ． Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E ． But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F ． Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G ． All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. [ 语篇解读 ] 　本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了到户外呼吸新鲜空气对人体的各种好处。 1 ． E 　 根据本段第一句话 “ 人们总是让我们出去呼吸新鲜空气 ” 和空格后一句 “ 回答是肯定的 ” 可知此处应填入一个一般疑问句 ， 即 “ 新鲜空气果真如妈妈总说的那样好吗？ ” 2 ． A 　 文章开头讲述了新鲜空气对人有好处 ， 那接下来应该介绍具体的好处。空白处应是本段的总起句。通过阅读本段后面部分可知 ，本段主要讲述了远离城市雾霾，到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气对人体带来的好处。而对人体呼吸 和氧气供应产生影响的器官 ，就是肺。只有肺里清洁，呼吸才能畅通无阻，才能让人充满活力。由此推断，选项 A 更符合常识以及本段大意。 3 ． G 　 本段空格后提到 in these places “ 在这些地方 ” 可知 ， 空格处应该是某个地点。此外 ， 本段第一句提到研究人员在研究自然环境和疾病痊愈之间的关系 ， 那么紧接着应该要建立这种接近自然的康复中心 ，因此选 G 。 4 ． C 　 从本段的 in these places 一直到此空前 ， 作者描述了接近大自然的患者康复更快 ， 再结合此空后 “ 这给了我们平和宁静 ” 可知 ， 此处应为总结句 ， 描述大自然的作用 ， 因此选 C 。 5 ． D 　 该空后一句提到 ， 尽管太阳光线会使人的皮肤老化、受损 ， 但也能提供有益人体的维生素 D 。由此可知 ， 空格处应该与太阳光线有关。 B (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question ： “ Should I jump ？ ” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.__ 1 __Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. __ 2 __More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals. You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation. This is quite important, because it is directly related to your commitment. There are times when your heart is not in your work.__ 3 __So, slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment. Clarity ( 清晰 ) of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives, keeping in mind your beliefs, values and strengths. Remember that goals are flexible.__ 4 __They also need to be measurable. You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can ’ t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.__ 5 __You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties, some planned, but most unplanned. You cannot overcome them without ample motivation. Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A ． This can affect your work. B ． So how should you motivate yourself? C ． However, this should not discourage you. D ． So why should we try to set specific goals? E ． They can change according to circumstances. F ． Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G ． Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. [ 语篇解读 ] 　本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了动机和目标的关系以及如何激发动机并设定切实可行的目标。 1 ． G 　 空白处前一句 Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin ， 讲的是动机和设定目标的关系 ， 而后一句提到 “ 像跳板上拿不定主意的孩子一样 ” ， 由此可知 ， G 项符合语境 ， 即没有动机也就无法设定目标。 2 ． B 　 上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系 ， 强调了动机的重要性 ， 本段进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。 B 项 So how should you motivate yourself ？起到承上启下的作用。 3 ． A 　 空白处前一句 There are times when your heart is not in your work ， 讲的是 “ 有时候你的心思不在工作上 ” ， 这当然会影响你的工作 ， 可知 A 项符合上下文语境。 4 ． E 　 空白处前一句 Remember that goals are flexible ， 提到目标是灵活的 ， E 项 They can change according to circumstances 与之相呼应 ， 故答案为 E 项。 5 ． C 　 空白处之前讲的是个人情况对目标的影响 ， 比如视力不好决定了你当不了飞行员。 C 项 However, this should not discourage you 符合语境 ， 起到承上启下的作用。 考情感悟 [ 考题分布 ] 试卷 年份 体裁 ( 题材 ) 考查类型 命题趋势 段首句 段中句 段末句 全国 卷 Ⅰ 2019 说明文 ( 呼吸新鲜空气对人体的好处 ) 2 3 0 1. 考查特点：考查以说明文为主，体裁主要为介绍说明，内容更贴近生活、贴近时代；题型以段中句为主，段首句和段末句为辅。 2. 选题特点：选题更具有浓厚的时代气息，更符合高中英语教学实际，并越来越与考生的学习经历和生活经历相关联，引导考生关爱自我、关爱社会。 2018 说明文 ( 颜色在家庭装饰中的作用 ) 1 3 1 2017 记叙文 ( 野营 ) 2 2 1 全国 2019 说明文 ( 动机和目标 ) 1 4 0 卷 Ⅱ 2018 说明文 ( 晨练的好处 ) 2 2 1 2017 说明文 ( 避免打扰 ) 1 4 0 全国 2019 说明文 ( 在线课程 ) 1 3 1 卷 Ⅲ 2018 说明文 ( 舞蹈 ) 2 2 1 2017 说明文 ( 生物钟 ) 1 3 1 [ 命题分析 ] 1 ．考查特点：考查以说明文为主，体裁主要为介绍说明，内容更贴近生活、贴近时代；题型以段中句为主，段首句和段末句为辅。 2 ．选题特点：选题更具有浓厚的时代气息，更符合高中英语教学实际，并越来越与考生的学习经历和生活经历相关联，引导考生关爱自我、关爱社会。 解题流程 题型一　段首题 【 高考示例 1】 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅰ ) We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good. 题型解读 __ 37 __If the air you’re breathing is cleanwhich it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities—then the air is filled with lifegiving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles ( 肌肉 ) and your brain. A ． Fresh air cleans our lungs. B ． So what are you waiting for? C ． Being in nature refreshes us. D ． Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E ． But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F ． Just as importantly ， we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G ． All across the country ， recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. 【 解析 】 　空白处应是本段的总起句。通过阅读本段后面部分可知 ， 本段主要讲述了远离城市雾霾 ， 到大自然中呼吸新鲜空气对人体带来的好处。而对人体呼吸和氧气供应产生影响的器官 ， 就是肺。只有肺里清洁 ， 呼吸才能畅通无阻 ， 才能让人充满活力。由此推断 ， 选项 A 更符合常识以及本段大意。 【 答案 】 　 A [ 技法点拨 ] 空格为主旨句 在某段第一句设空的内容通常是该段落主旨句 ， 学生需要通过认真研读该段的内容 ， 然后从选项中查找下文的同义词或其他相关词或句 ，从而确定答案；有时则需反复读设空处后面一两句或更多内容，确定关键信息词，然后在各个选项中查找关联词和信息句。一般正确答案选项与所设空后的第一句在意义上是紧密衔接的，因此正确选项和原文的内容是连贯且符合逻辑的。 【 高考示例 2】 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question: “ Should I jump ？ ” This is what motivation or the lack of it can do. Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin. Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. Like the child on the diving board, you will stay undecided. __ 37 __More than that, how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal? First, you need to evaluate yourself, your values, your strengths, your weaknesses, your achievements, your desires, etc. Only then should you set your goals. A ． This can affect your work. B ． So how should you motivate yourself? C ． However ， this should not discourage you. D ． So why should we try to set specific goals? E ． They can change according to cricumstances. F ． Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G ． Without motivation ， you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 【 解析 】 　上一段阐述了动机和设定目标的关系 ， 强调了动机的重要性 ， 本段进一步讲如何激励自己并保持动力来实现目标。 B 项 So how should you motivate yourself ？起到承上启下的作用。 【 答案 】 　 B [ 技法点拨 ] 空格为承上启下句 在某段第一句设空的内容也有可能为承上启下的句子 ，这就需要学生做到瞻前顾后，既熟悉上一段结尾的内容，又结合下一段的内容，分析所选的答案是否能够将两段内容连贯起来。 题型二　段中题 【 高考示例 3】 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅱ ) Your personal circumstances are equally important. For example, you may want to be a pilot but can ’ t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.__ 40 __You should reassess your goals, and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. A ． This can affect your work. B ． So how should you motivate yourself? C ． However, this should not discourage you. D ． So why should we try to set specific goals? E ． They can change according to circumstances. F ． Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G ． Without motivation, you can neither set a goal nor reach it. 【 解析 】 　空白处之前讲的是个人情况对目标的影响 ， 比如视力不好决定了你当不了飞行员。 C 项 However, this should not discourage you 符合语境 ， 起到承上启下的作用。 However 在本句中起到关键作用。 【 答案 】 　 C   [ 技法点拨 ] 根据句意的转承启合解题 并列或递进关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句是一种顺承逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 first( 第一 ); to begin with( 首先 ，第一 ) ， to conclude( 最后 ) 等连接词或词组 ， 则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系 ， 空格处很有可能是个并列的句子。 如果空格前后两句之间有 also( 也 ， 而且 ), not only...but also( 不但 …… 而且 ) 等连接词或词组 ， 则表明前后两句是逻辑上的递进关系 ， 空格处很有可能是个递进的句子。转折或让步关系主要指英语行文中后句对前句构成逆转逻辑关系。如果空格前后两句话之间有 however( 然而 ) ， nevertheless( 然而 ， 不过 ) ， still( 还 ， 仍然 ) 等连接词 ， 则表明前后两句话是逻辑上的逆转 ，空格处很有可能表示转折或让步关系。如果前后的句子之间出现 as a result( 结果 ) ， thus/therefore( 因此 ) ， so/such...that( 如此 …… 以至于 ) 等标志性词语 ， 表明前后句有着因果关系。 【 高考示例 4】 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.__ 36 __While I have only listed two of each, there are obviously many other situations that can arise. Students should be able to extend the logic( 逻辑 ) of each to their particular circumstance. Do’s ·Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. Questions about subject content are generally welcomed. Before asking questions about the course design, read the syllabus( 教学大纲 ) and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. · Participate in discussion forums( 论坛 ), blogs and other open ended forums for dialogue. That ’ s what they are for.Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information. Make a point, and make it safe for others to do the same. Don’ts ·Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor. Turn to an online instructor for help. A ． That ’ s what they are for. B ． Turn to an online instructor for help. C ． If more information is needed, they will ask. D ． Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E ． Below are some common do ’ s and don ’ ts for online learners. F ． Everyone has taken a notsogreat class at one time or another. G ． Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【 解析 】 　第一段第一句话 “ In an online class, developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important. ” 提到在在线课堂中 ， 与教授形成良好的交流是至关重要的。第二至五段 ， 则详细介绍了 do ’ s 和 don ’ ts 的内容 ， 是对前面内容的示例。由此可见 ， 选项 E 符合语境。 【 答案 】 　 E [ 技法点拨 ] 根据高考示例关系解题 前后句的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。示例的形式具有多样性 ， 思维过程基本是归纳 ( 从例子到观点 ) 和演绎 ( 从观点到例子 ) 。 题型三　段尾题 【 高考示例 5】 (2019· 全国卷 Ⅲ ) Don’ts ·Don’t share personal information or stories. Professors are not trained nurses, financial aid experts or your best friends. If you are in need of a deadline extension, simply explain the situation to the professor.__ 39 __ A ． That ’ s what they are for. B ． Turn to an online instructor for help. C ． If more information is needed, they will ask. D ． Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E ． Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F ． Everyone has taken a not so great class at one time or another. G ． Ask questions, but make sure they are good, thoughtful questions. 【 解析 】 　根据上一句 “ If you are in need of...the professor. ” 可知 ， 如果你想延长截止日期 ， 简明地向教授说明情况即可。通过以上推断 ， 如果想了解更多信息 ， 他们会问你 ， 即选项 C 符合语境。此句承接了本句以前的内容。 【 答案 】 　 C [ 技法点拨 ] 空格为总结、概括句或者承上启下句。解决方法同段首句。 (2019· 山东师大附中高三第三次模拟考试 ) We all have one ， don ’ t we ？ A friend who’s always late.The one who turns up for coffee a full half hour after the appointed time.__ 1 __Or just maybe ， if you ’ re really honest ， this tardy( 拖延的 )individual is actually you yourself.Either way ， lateness can be extremely annoying to the receiving end. How on earth can people be so inconsiderate? Recent research suggests that there might be more to this than simple rudeness. Psychologists from Washington University believe people view time differently.Their study gave participants a specific amount of time to complete a task.__ 2 __Despite this ， some people became so absorbed in the activity that they completely forgot to check the clock. Our personality also plays a role.The less punctual among us often share characteristics such as “ optimism ， low levels of self control ， anxiety ”． __ 3 __Optimists tend to overestimate how much they can achieve and underestimate problems.It means they don’t account for the long traffic jam on the way for that coffee. __ 4 __The English phrase “to be fashionably late” is used to describe the proper time to arrive at an event.The problem is ， what one person regards as fashionably late ， another may view as impolite.__ 5 __ A ． Why optimism ， you ask? B ． Maybe language is to blame. C ． It even provided them with a clock. D ． Different people vary from each other. E ． Next time you have coffee ， do try to be on time. F ． The one who seems to be forever “ stuck in traffic ” ． G ． The one that might always be later than the agreed time. [ 语篇解读 ] 　本文主要讲述了一些人约会总是迟到的原因。 1 ． F 　 根据前一句 “ 一个因买咖啡迟到了一个小时的朋友 ” 可知 ， 此处还是解释朋友会迟到的原因。 F 选项一个永远 “ 被堵在路上的 ” 朋友符合语境。故选 F 。 2 ． C 　 根据后一句可知 ， 一些人太专注于活动而忘记核对时间。所以给他们提供了钟表。故选 C 。 3 ． A 　 根据后一句 “ 乐观的人倾向于不在乎得失 ， 轻视问题 ” 可知 ， 前一句应和乐观有关。 A 选项符合语境。故选 A 。 4 ． B 　 此句为该段主题句。根据下文可知 ， 根据后一句 “ The English phrase ‘ to be fashionably late ’” 可知 ， 此处应和语言有关。 B 选项符合语境。故选 B 。 5 ． E 　 根据前面的解释 ， 不同的人对于 “ to be fashionably late ” 的理解不同。所以 ， 后面一句应为还是按时的好。构成顺承关系。 E 选项 “ 下次喝咖啡还是尽量按时的好 ，” 符合语境。故选 E 。 (2019· 安徽省江淮十校高三第二次联考 ) “ Jane Eyre ” was published in 1847.It is not just a romance novel ， but an educational story.Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine.This is not to suggest that Jane didn’t have shortcomings.__ 1 __ You can overcome your past ， however bad it is.Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her horrible relatives.__ 2 __He constantly reminds her that she’s an orphan( 孤儿 ) ． But she learns a lot about letting go when she is sent to a boarding school and makes friends with Helen. __ 3 __ Jane notes ，“ The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth.” If Jane hadn’t been brave ， she might have returned to the cruel woman who raised her. Don ’ t be afraid to speak your mind.She is not scared to voice her opinions when necessary.It is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger. __ 4 __ Be positive.When Jane was younger ， she had a tendency to feel sorry for herself. __ 5 __ But as she gets older ， she learns to be happy despite her past. A ． You can decide your life. B ． The possibilities for life are endless for those who take risks. C ． Talking also helps heal relationships as well. D ． Her cousin ， John ， is the worst. E ． It is weak and silly to say you can ’ t bear what it is your fate to be required to bear. F ． Still ， there ’ s much to be learned from the way she chooses to live. G ． Her life was miserable. [ 语篇解读 ] 　本文主要介绍了 《 简 · 爱 》 的女主角简爱身上有很多值得我们学习的地方。 1 ． F 　 根据本空前的 “ Women can learn so much from this great Victorian heroine. This is not to suggest that Jane didn ’ t have shortcomings. ” 可知 ，此处承接上文，说的是尽管如此，从 Jane 选择的生活方式中可以学到很多 ， F 项中的 learned 与前面的 learn 相一致 ， she 指代的就是 Jane 。 2 ． D 　 根据本空前的 “ Jane Eyre is made miserable as a child by her horrible relatives. ” 可知 ， 此处将提到一个可怕的亲戚 ， 同时又与本空后的 He 一致 ， D 项中的 Her cousin 符合这一点。 3 ． B 　 根据本空后的 “ The world was a varied field of hopes and excitement waiting for those who had the courage to go forth. ” 可知 ， 此处是说对于敢于冒险的人来说 ， 生活充满了各种可能性。 4 ． C 　 根据本空前的 “ It is much better to talk about things than to hide unspoken anger. ” 可知 ， 此处承接上文 ， 讲的是交谈的好处。 5 ． G 　 根据本空前的 “ When Jane was younger ， she had a tendency to feel sorry for herself. ” 可知 ， 此处是说她的生活很悲惨。