专题07+情态动词和虚拟语气-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2018高考精品系列之英语

专题07+情态动词和虚拟语气-3年高考2年模拟1年备战2018高考精品系列之英语

专题07 情态动词和虚拟语气 ‎【2018年高考命题预测】‎ 高考研究英语中常用的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几点：同一情态动词表示不同的意义的情况；情态动词后跟各种形式的用法；特别是注意“情态动词+完成式”是高考中的重点所在。‎ 高考中的虚拟语气一般与情态动词结合进行考查。每年高考试题中都会出现一定的题目。‎ ‎【考点定位】2018考纲解读和近几年考点分布 （1） 考纲要求 ‎ 情态动词是各地高考试题中的必考项目，每年高考单独命题区单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。考点依次是：推测(可能性)→请求/允许→必要性→特殊用法。试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息越来越隐蔽，语境越来越真实，考查角度越来越细致，这些因素在很大程度上增加了试题的难度。‎ （2） 命题规律 一、主要考查的是真实的语境中对情态动词的理解和把握，其语境的情景更加逼真，设问角度将综合化、细微化。‎ 二、近几年，情态动词重点考查情态动词表示推测和可能性的用法，以及情态动词的表达“情感、态度、语气等”方面的用法。‎ ‎【考点pk】 名师考点透析 虚拟语气考点透析 考点一、虚拟语气的基本用法 ‎ ‎1.与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时（be动词用were）+其他成分+if+ should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： ‎ ‎①If it were not for the fact that she ______ sing，I would invite her to the party. ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. can’t D. might not ‎ ‎3.与将来事实相反的虚拟语气，基本结构为：主语+动词的一般过去时/should do/were to do+其他成分+if+should/would/could...+动词原形+其他成分。例如： ‎ If I ______ plan to do anything I want to，I’d like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible. ‎ A.would B.could C.had to D.ought to ‎ 考点三、主从句时间不一致的虚拟条件句 ‎ 在有些虚拟条件句中，主从句时间不一致，应根据不同情况区别对待。例如： ‎ It’s hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I ______ in love，at the age of seven，with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. ‎ A. wouldn’t have fallen B. had not fallen ‎ C. should fall D. were to fall ‎ 考点四、名词性从句中的虚拟语气 ‎ 在含有表示坚持、建议、命令、要求等含义的名词性从句和在it做形式宾语或形式主语的复合句中，宾语补足语是necessary/strange/essential/natural/a pity/a shame等表示“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，从句中的谓语动词需用“should+动词原形”，其中should可以省略。例如： ‎ ‎—Don’t you think it necessary that he ______ to Miami but to New York？ ‎ ‎—I agree，but the problem is ______ he has refused to. ‎ A. will not be sent；that B. not be sent；that ‎ C. should not be sent；what D. should not send；what ‎ 情态动词考点透析 考点一、情态动词基本含义的考查 ‎ 情态动词的基本含义，一直是高考考查的重要内容。例如： ‎ ‎1. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone ______ get out.‎ ‎ A. had to B. would C. was able to D. could ‎ ‎2. —Jim is very sick these days．He coughs so badly,‎ ‎ —In my opinion, he really ____ listen to the doctor and cut down on smoking．‎ ‎ A．should B．can ‎ ‎ C．may D．need ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】本题考查情态动词用法。句意：——吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止。——依我看，他真的应该听医生话，少吸些烟。根据语境“吉姆这些天病得厉害，咳嗽不止”推断，说话者会认为“吉姆应该听医生的话，少吸些烟”，故空格中应该填should，表示“应该；理应”。 ‎ ‎3. You can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman ______ be so rude to a lady. ‎ A. might B. need C. should D. would ‎ ‎【解析】should 表示说话人感情，如惊奇、愤怒、失望等。在此句中表示说话人一种惊奇的语气。 句意为：你不可能想象出体面的绅士竟然对一位女士那么粗鲁。答案是 C。 ‎ 分析：高考对情态动词基本含义的考查，仍然集中在常用的情态动词上。对常用情态动词的含义，要掌握的既准确又要全面，特别是shall, should, can, may 四个常用情态动词的含义较多，不易理解，复习时应当引起重视。‎ 二、情态动词表示推测的考查 ‎ ‎2. My sister met him at the Grand Theatre yesterday afternoon, so he ______ your lecture. ‎ A. couldn’t have attended B. needn’t have attended ‎ C. mustn’t have attended D. shouldn’t have attended ‎ ‎3. Mr Bush is on time for everything. How ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony? ‎ A. can B. should C. may D. must ‎ ‎【解析】can表示可能性。布什先生按时做一切事，他怎么可能开幕式迟到呢？答案是：A。 ‎ ‎4. I heard they went skiing in the mountains last winter? ‎ ‎—It ______ true because there was little snow there.‎ ‎ A. may not be B. won’t be ‎ C. couldn’t be D. mustn’t be ‎ ‎【解析】may not be : 可能不是；won’t be：不会是；couldn’t be：不可能是； mustn’t be ：一定不是。根据提供情境there was little snow 说明山里滑雪是件不可能的事，may not 语气不如couldn’t强。答案是：C。 ‎ 分析：高考对表示推测的情态动词集中在must, can, could, may, might上，准确掌握它们使用的场合，是解决问题的关键。Must 用于肯定陈述句，表示肯定推测；can, could用于疑问或否定陈述句，表示可能性推测；may, might用于陈述句，表示可能性推测；用于否定陈述句中，can’t （不可能）的语气比may not（可能不）强。此外，还要注意有对过去和对现在两种情况的推测,对过去推测用情态动词+have done ，对现在推测用情态动词+ 动词原形。 ‎ 三、情态动词表示虚拟的考查 ‎ 情态动词＋have+过去分词表示与过去事实上相反的情况，也是高考单项选择题涉及到情态动词的一个重要方面。 ‎ ‎1. There was a lot of fun at yesterday’s party. You ______ come, but why didn’t ‎ you?‎ ‎ A. must have B. should ‎ C. need have D. ought to have ‎ ‎3. Oh, I‘m not feeling well in the stomach. I ______ so much fried chicken just now.‎ ‎ A. shouldn’t eat B. mustn’t have eaten ‎ C. shouldn’t have eaten D. mustn’t eat ‎ 考点四、情态动词与助动词混合考查 ‎1. Tom, you didn’t come to the party last night? ‎ ‎—I______, but I suddenly remembered I had homework to do. ‎ A. had to B. didn’t C. was going to D. wouldn’t ‎ ‎2. Your phone number again? I ______ quite catch it . ‎ ‎—It’s 86184867. ‎ A. didn’t B. couldn’t C. don’t D. can’t ‎ ‎【解析】记住电话号码并非难事，未完全听清楚电话号码并非能力的事，此处只是说没有完全听清楚电话号码，所以，应选A。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【三年高考】 15、16、17高考试题及其解析 ‎2017年高考英语试题 ‎【2017·北京卷】21. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ______ easily reach the books on the top shelf.‎ A. must B. should C. can D. need ‎【答案】C 试题分析：A. must 必须 B. should 应该 C. can 能 D. need 需要。句意:Samuel，我班最高的男生，能很轻松地够着书架顶上的书，此处需要一个表示能力的词，故用can，答案为C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need, should等 ‎1. can 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。‎ ‎ ② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? ‎ ‎ ③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? ‎ ‎ 2.may 的用法：‎ ‎①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? ‎ ‎ ② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 ‎ ‎ 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ ‎ eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ ‎ ②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛 ‎3. must的用法：‎ ‎ ①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early ‎ tomorrow．你明天得早来。 ‎ ‎ ② 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. ‎ ‎ ③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 ‎ 注意： ①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't ‎ ‎ eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎ ---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。‎ ‎ ② can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 ‎ ‎② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎4. need 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。‎ ‎ eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。‎ ‎ ② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。‎ eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。‎ ‎ ② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 ‎ ③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？‎ need的用法的助记口诀：‎ 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。‎ 情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。‎ ‎【2017·北京卷】34. If the new safety system _______ to use, the accident would never have happened. ‎ A. had been put B. were put C. should be put D. would be put ‎【答案】A 考点：考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。‎ 1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）‎ 2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）‎ 3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.‎ 一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法 真实条件句 If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.‎ 虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）‎ if从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词 ‎1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ would/could/might/should+动词原形 ‎2.与过去事实相反 had done ‎ would/could/might/should+have done ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ c.were to+动词原形 would/could/might/should+动词原形 If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.‎ 1. 与现在事实相反 if从句：动词过去式（be---were）‎ 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you.‎ If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.‎ If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.‎ 2. 与过去事实相反 if从句：had done 主句：would/could/might/should+have done If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.‎ ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ ‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ ‎ c.were to+动词原形 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.‎ If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.‎ If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.‎ Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.‎ 4. 错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。‎ If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.‎ If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.‎ If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.‎ ‎(有时时间会省略） ‎ 5. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。‎ They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）‎ He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.‎ ‎（要不是）=if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）‎ You would have done the same thing in her position.‎ With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.‎ 6. 虚拟结合条件句 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。‎ I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ ‎（实------虚）‎ ‎=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.‎ ‎（虚------实）‎ ‎=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money. ‎ 7. 省略if倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。‎ If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ ‎ =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ ‎ =were I you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎ =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎【2017·江苏卷】22. _______ not for the support of the teachers, the student could not overcome her difficulty.‎ A. It were B. Were it C. It was D. Was it ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 在虚拟语气中，be动词只能用were；虚拟条件句省去连词if时，从句主谓部分倒装：Were/Had/Should+主 语+谓语动词...‎ e.g. Were I Tom, I would refuse. 如果我是汤姆，我会拒绝。‎ I will go, should it be necessary. 假若有必要，我会去的。‎ Had it not been for the bad weather we would have arrived in time. 若不是天气坏，我们就准时到达了。‎ 若条件从句为否定句，否定词not应置于主语之后，而不能与were, should, had 等缩略成Weren’t, Shouldn’t, ‎ Hadn’t置于句首。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气和倒装 ‎【2017·天津卷】2. My room is a mess, but I __________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.‎ A. daren’t B. shouldn’t C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：我的房间很乱，但是在今晚我出去之前不需要打扫，我可以明天早晨再打扫。A.不敢；B.不应该；C不需要；D.不许。根据句意，故选C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。 daren’t通常表示“不敢”，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“不需要”，mustn't 表示不许，语气比较强烈，它们之间有明显不同。‎ ‎【2017·天津卷】15. —Do you have Betty’s phone number?‎ ‎—Yes. Otherwise, I ______able to reach her yesterday.‎ A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--你有贝蒂的电话号码吗？--有。否则我昨天就联系不到她了。，根据标志词otherwise，否则相当于一个条件状语从句：If I hadn't have her phone number，即对过去的虚拟的条件状语从句，可以判断出主句用wouldn't have done表示对过去情况的虚拟，故选B。‎ ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气是根据标志词otherwise和句意推断出主句是对过去的虚拟。‎ ‎2016年高考英语试题 ‎【单项填空】‎ ‎1.【2016·北京】31. I love the weekend, because I ________ get up early on Saturdays and Sundays.‎ A. needn’t B. mustn’t C. wouldn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】A 考点：考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎ 常用的情态动词有can，may，must，need,should, had better.‎ ‎1. can 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 表示能力 “能，会” eg: He can speak a little Japanese.他会说一点日语。‎ ‎ ② 表示请求或许可 “可以” eg: Can I help you? 要我帮忙吗? ‎ ‎ ③ 表示猜测 “可能” eg: Where can she go now? 她可能到哪里去了呢? ‎ ‎ 2.may 的用法：‎ ‎①表示请求或允许 “可以”“准许” eg: May I go home，please?请问我可以回家吗? ‎ ‎ ② 表示可能性 “ 可能”、也许” eg: I think it may rain this afternoon. 我想今天下午可能下雨。 ‎ ‎ 注：might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或更加不肯定。‎ ‎ eg: ① He might not come today.今天他也许不来了。(语气不肯定) ‎ ‎ ②You might also get a headache when you work too hard，当你工作太努力时，你也可能患头痛 ‎3. must的用法：‎ ‎ ①表示义务、必要或命令 “必须、应该” eg: You must come early tomorrow．你明天得早来。 ‎ ‎ ② 表示推测时“肯定，一定” eg: They must be at home.The light is on 他们肯定在家,灯亮着呢. ‎ ‎ ③ must not 禁止，不许 eg: You must not tell lies. 你不许撒谎。 ‎ 注意： ①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答通常用 don't have to 或needn't 。而不用mustn't ‎ ‎ eg: ---Must I finish my homework first? 我必须先完成作业吗？‎ ‎ ---No, you don't have to/ needn't. 不，你不必。‎ ‎ ② can 和 must在 表推测时，can一般否定句中，而must 常用于肯定句中。‎ ‎ eg: ①It can not be Li Lei 那个人不可能是李磊 ‎ ‎② It must be Li Lei 那个人肯定是李磊。‎ ‎4. need 的用法：‎ ‎ ① 情态动词 “需要, 有必要”一般用于否定句或疑问句中。‎ ‎ eg: You needn't come here this afternoon.你今天下午不必来。‎ ‎ ② 行为动词 “需要, 有必要” 可以用于各种句式中。‎ eg: ①You don't need to go now. 你不必现在就走。‎ ‎ ② I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下 ‎ ③ Do we need to finish all the work today? 我们今天需要完成所有的工作吗？‎ need的用法的助记口诀：‎ 实义动词表“需要”，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。‎ 情态动词表“需要”，没有人称 数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。‎ ‎2.【2016·北京】34. Why didn’t you tell me about your trouble last week? If you ________ me, I could have helped.‎ A. told B. had told C. were to tell D. would tell ‎【答案】B ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：题目考查虚拟语气。句意：你上周为什么没有告诉我你遇到的麻烦？如果你告诉我的话，我就可以帮你了。根据第一句可知，这里是对过去发生的事情进行虚拟，if条件句的时态应该用过去完成时，故选B。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】‎ 英语中的三种语气，语气是动词的一种形式，用来说明我们对自己的话所采取的态度。‎ 1、 陈述语气（疑问，否定，肯定，感叹）‎ 2、 祈使语气（命令，要求，建议，警告）‎ 3、 虚拟语气：不可能发生的事，愿望，建议，与事实相反的假设等.‎ 一、 虚拟语气在条件中的具体用法 真实条件句 If you work hard,you’ll surely pass the exam.‎ 虚拟条件句（假设情况不存在，实现机会很小）‎ If I were a bird, I could fly freely in the sky.‎ If it snowed tomorrow, we would stay at the home.‎ if从句的谓语动词 主句谓语动词 ‎1.与现在事实相反 动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ would/could/might/should+动词原形 ‎2.与过去事实相反 had done ‎ would/could/might/should+have done ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ would/could/might/should+动词原形 c.were to+动词原形 1. 与现在事实相反 if从句：动词过去式（be---were）‎ 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If we had time, we would go with you.‎ If I were you, I shouldn’t do that.‎ If it weren’t raining, we wouldn’t stay.‎ 2. 与过去事实相反 if从句：had done 主句：would/could/might/should+have done If the teacher hadn’t helped us, we couldn’t have succeeded.‎ I could have done it better if I had been more careful.‎ If he hadn’t been ill, he might have come.‎ ‎3.与将来事实可能相反 if从句：a.动词过去式（be一律用were）‎ ‎ b.should+动词原形（不能用would）‎ ‎ c.were to+动词原形 主句：would/could/might/should+动词原形 If he came tomorrow, I would tell him everything.‎ If it should rain tomorrow, I would stay at home and watch TV.‎ If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.‎ Should he come tomorrow, please give the book to him.‎ 4. 错综时间条件句 在虚拟语气中，有时条件从句动作发生的时间和主句动作发生的时间是不一致的，称为错综时间条件句。这种句子的形式往往要根据句子的时间相调整，分别处理。‎ If you had spoken to him yesterday, you would know what to do now.‎ If you had followed the doctor’s advice then, you would be all right now.‎ If you had watered them more, the crops would be growing still better now.‎ ‎(有时时间会省略） ‎ 5. 含蓄条件句 有时虚拟条件不用if条件从句，而用介词或介词短语来表示。‎ They would not be able to live without him.（如果没有）‎ He would have failed but for his teacher’s timely advice.‎ ‎（要不是）=if it had not been for If only you had worked with greater care!(要是......就好了）‎ You would have done the same thing in her position.‎ With a little more care you could have avoid the traffic accident.‎ 6. 虚拟结合条件句 在虚拟语气中，假设的情况有时间可以通过上下文或其他方式表现出来，并且虚拟的情况和真实的情况同时存在。‎ I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ ‎（实------虚）‎ ‎=I was ill that day. If I hadn’t been ill that day, I would have taken part in the singing competition.‎ He would have bought the piano, but he didn’t have enough money.‎ ‎（虚------实）‎ ‎=He would have bought the piano if he had had enough money, but in fact he didn’t have enough money. ‎ 7. 省略if倒装条件句 在虚拟语气中，if从句假设的情况中如果有助动词had, should和were，那么可省略if，把had, should和were放在句首构成倒装，简称省略if倒装条件句。‎ If he had finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ ‎ =Had he finished the work yesterday, he would have gone to the concert with you.‎ If I were you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ ‎ =were I you, I wouldn’t do that.‎ If I should meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎ =Should I meet him, I would tell him about it.‎ ‎3.【2016·江苏】27.If it for his invitation the other day, I should not be here now.‎ A. had not been B. should not be C. were not to be D. should not have been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 有时条件从句和主句所表示的动作在时间上可以不一致（例如一个与过去事实相反，另一个与现在事实相反），这种虚拟条件句就称为错综时间虚拟条件句。在这种条件句中，动词的形式要根据具体情况进行调整。‎ 例句：‎ She would never have behaved like that if she had some common sense.‎ 如果她有一些常识的话，她就决不会像那样做了。         ‎ If I had a bike (now), I would have lent it to you yesterday.‎ 假如我有自行车，昨天早就借给你了。‎ 句型说明： 错综时间条件句中，特别注意时间状语，在这种情况下必须明确给以时间或通过上下文可明白看出时间不同，否则就按一般时间搭配使用。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎4.【2016·天津】5. It was really annoying; I _____ get access to the data bank you had recommended.‎ ‎ A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. needn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：这真是令人生气的；我不能进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不愿意；couldn’t不能；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。‎ 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，这几个情态动词的否定形式意思各不相同，确定各自的含义，弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。couldn’t通常表示“没有能力”，wouldn’t带有意愿色彩，shouldn’t强调的是没有义务，必要性；needn’t表示“没有需要”，之间有明显不同。‎ ‎5.【2016·天津】15. I was wearing a seatbelt. If I hadn’t been wearing one, I ____.‎ ‎ A. were injured B. would be injured ‎ C. had been injured D. would have been injured ‎【答案】D ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，没有倒装形式，学生容易看出。‎ ‎6.【2016·浙江】15. Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths _______ since their highest in 2005.‎ A. had not fallen B. would not fall C. did not fall D. would not have fallen ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果政府和科学家不共同努力，艾滋病相关的死亡就不会从2005年的最高点下降。使用虚拟语气， if条件句用的had done，而且省略it，将had提前，主句用would have done表示对过去情况的虚拟。故选D。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】if的虚拟语气非常重要，首先要熟悉基本用法：1、表示与现在事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+过去时(be动词用were)；主句：主语+should/would/could/might+do：　2、表示与过去事实相反的情况，从句：If主语+had+done；主句：主语+should/ would/ could/ might+have done　3、表示对将来情况的主观推测，从句：①if+主语+were to do②if+主语+should+do ③if+主语+did（动词过去式）/were ；主句：主语+should /would/ could /might+do，另外要注意从句也可以省略if，把had，were，should提前。这句话的虚拟语气比较明显，if条件句省略了if，将had提前，说明使用了过去完成进行时和过去相反，学生看出这点就容易做题了。‎ ‎7.【2016·浙江】17. George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .‎ A. must have gone B. might have gone C. can't have gone D. needn't have gone ‎【答案】C 考点：考查情态动词+have done。‎ ‎【名师点睛】熟练掌握情态动词的用法，对准确理解语法填空、完形填空、阅读理解、听力理解中含有情态动词的句子是很有益处的，并且在写作中也可能会用到情态动词。因此，我们应当学好情态动词，尤其要掌握好常用情态动词的用法。情态动词+have done的用法：情态动词无论是表达“推测和可能性”，还是表达“虚拟”这一概念，只要是对过去已经发生的事情进行描述，一律用“情态动词+have done”这一结构；对现在或将来的事情进行描述，用“情态动词+动词或系动词原形”。注意不同的情态动词和have done搭配的含义。表示推测的can have done一般用于疑问和否定句中。‎ ‎【语法填空】‎ ‎【2016·全国新课标III】阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Truly elegant chopsticks might 42 (make) of gold and silver with Chinese characters. ‎ ‎42.be made考查固定词组。sth be made ‎ of精美的筷子可能非由金或银制成的筷子莫属。…某物由......制成，情态动词后跟动词原形，故填be made。‎ ‎【短文改错】‎ ‎【2016·全国新课标II】短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）‎ Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. ‎ ‎8.删除can或can改为should 考查虚拟语气。动词suggest作为建议的时候，后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气“(should)+动词原形”,所以本句可以删除can或can改为should。‎ ‎2015年高考英语试题 ‎1.【2015·北京】29．—Can’t you stay a little longer?‎ ‎—It’s getting late. I really _____go now, My daughter is home alone.‎ A .may B .can C . must D .dare ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——你不能再多待会儿吗?——很晚了，我必须得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，也许；B. can能，会；C. must必须，必然要，必定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词辨析 ‎【名师点睛】本题是考查情态动词，这里考查的是语气的强度，在这里结合语境是“一定”的意思，所以要做好此类辨析题需掌握情态动词选项的语气并结合语境。‎ ‎2.【2015·北京】34. If I _____it with my own eyes ,I wouldn’t have believed it.‎ A . didn’t see B. weren’t seeing C. wouldn’t see D. hadn’t seen ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】条件句中有if引导时,首先要根据句意和句子结构判断是真实条件句还是虚拟条件句,如果符合虚拟的结构,就可以根据句子中的时间和语意判断应该用哪种虚拟语气。‎ ‎3.【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway____ his famous novel A Farewell to Arms.‎ A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written ‎ C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：没有他战时的经验，海明威就不可能写出著名的小说永别了武器。根据without his wartime experience没有战时的经历，可知表示对于过去的否定猜测，故主句用would have done，因此选D项。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】 考查虚拟语气 ‎ ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气是一种动词形式，表示说话人的一种愿望，假设，怀疑，猜测建议等含义，表示的含义不是客观存在的事实，此类的题目一般难度不大，主要找对时间状语，并且看分清时间状语与主句还是从句有关系，再来确定用对现在，过去还是将来的虚拟。‎ ‎4.【2015·重庆】12. You ____ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.‎ A. must B. can C. will D. shall ‎【答案】A ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：你肯定是卡罗，这些年你一点也没有变化。 must表示对现在的肯定推测。 故选A。 ‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】must 表推测的用法 must 表示很有把握的推测，其意为“一定会”“肯定会”，只用于肯定句，一般不用于否定句或疑问句。表示对现在或未来的情况作推测，后接动词原形。You have worked hard all day. You must be tired 你辛苦一整天，一定累了（对现在情况的推测判断）I didn’t hear the phone. I must have be asleep. 我刚才没有听到电话，我想必是睡着了。‎ ‎5.【2015·浙江】4. It was so noisy that we hear ourselves speak.‎ ‎ A. couldn’t B. shouldn’t C. mustn’t D needn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎6.【2015·天津】7. I ______ have worried before I came to the new school, for my classmates here are very friendly to me.‎ A. mightn’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. couldn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我来新学校之前本没有必要担心，因为在这里我的同学对我非常友好。needn’t have done本没有必要做某事，表示实际上已经做了某事。根据句意可知选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查情态动词。分析此题需抓住后句for my classmates here are very friendly to me.可知此处为本没有必要做某事，mightn’t也许不；mustn’t不允许；couldn’t不可能。再根据句意可以选出正确答案。‎ ‎7.【2015·天津】13. I wish I ______ at my sister’s wedding last Tuesday, but I was on a business trip in New York then.‎ A. will be B. would be ‎ C. have been D. had been ‎ ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气。‎ ‎【名师点睛】本题考查wish引导的虚拟语气。由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气：1．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。2．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。3．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。分析此题需抓住时间状语last Tuesday，可以判断出此题wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望。‎ ‎8.【2015·四川】2.You _____be careful with the camera. It costs!‎ A .must B. may C. can D. will ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词。根据下文的it costs可知，照相机很昂贵，故选择A，意为：你一定要非常小心对待照相机，它很昂贵。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】考查情态动词的用法。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，此题主要考查情态动词基本意义的辨析。因此考生需要熟知选项中每个选项的具体意义以及之间的用法区别，然后根据句意选择正确的选项。选项B意为可能；选项C意为能够、有时会；选项D意为会、愿意等。根据句意，是说话人提出的要求，故选择A，表示必须。‎ ‎9.【2015·陕西】21. You feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.‎ A. should B. need C. shall D. may ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：你可能觉得所有的训练都是浪费时间，但是我有100%的把握你以后会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查情态动词 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词主要考查句意和说话人的语气的强弱，同样是“可能”can表示“客观上可能”，may/might表示“不太确定的可能”，should“按道理”应该。弄清它们的区别再结合上下文语境就不难理解了。‎ ‎10.【2015·陕西】23. Ellen is a fantastic dancer. I wish I as well as ‎ her.‎ A. dance B. will dance C. had danced D. danced ‎【答案】C ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气表示一些事与愿违或和事实不符的情况。有一些规则要记忆，如一些固定句型，还有要记住这些句型中动词的形式。I wish“但愿”后面接宾语从句用虚拟语气，和现在相反用一般过去时，和过去相反用过去完成时，和将来相反用could/would do sth。‎ ‎11.【2015·福建】27.—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.‎ ‎—Oh, it's too bad. You have made full preparations.‎ A. must B. can C. would D. should ‎【答案】D.‎ ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词+have done结构。A.must必须B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。这里是情态+have done的结构的虚拟语气，can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”；could+have+done，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做；must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句；should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。该对话意思为：--对不起，妈妈，我面试又失败了----噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分准备的。故选D ‎【考点定位】考查考查情态动词+have done结构 ‎【名师点睛】情态动词是一种本身有一定的词义，表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词，但它不能单独作谓语，只能和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词是每年高考的热点也是难点，每年单项填空题必考一题。考点集中在：情态动词表示推测的基本用法及区别，情态动词否定式的用法辨析，“情态动词+have done”的用法区别等。‎ ‎12.【2015·江苏】28. It might have saved me some trouble ______ the schedule.‎ A. did I know B. have I known C. do I know D. had I known ‎【答案】D ‎【考点定位】虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】虚拟语气重要做题原则：根据题干中主句或从句中动词形式判断所考查的动词的虚拟时间, 一般要保持一致，但要注意错综时间虚拟语气要根据各自所表示的虚拟时间做出调整。另外，当 if 条件句中含有助动词 had，should 或 were 时, 可以省略 if，而将 had, should 或 were提到句首，从而构成倒装虚拟条件句。‎ ‎13.【2015·安徽】32.It is lucky we booked a room, or we ______nowhere to stay now.‎ A. had B. had had C. would have D. would have had ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：我们很幸运地订到了房间，否则的话，我们现在就会无处可去了。or引导含蓄虚拟条件句，or后面是主句，相当于if we hadn’t booked a room, we would have nowhere to stay now.，根据“now”可知，是对现在进行虚拟，因此用would+动词原形，故选C。‎ ‎【考点定位】考查虚拟语气 ‎【名师点睛】本题考查含蓄虚拟语气和错综时间虚拟语气。比较常见的是if引导的虚拟条件句，由otherwise, or, without等引出的相反的情况被称为“含蓄虚拟语气”。or引出相反的情况，对过去虚拟，主句用would+have done，但是主句中有“now”，表示与现在相反，因此用would+动词原形。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【两年模拟】2016、2017名校模拟题及其答案解析 ‎2017年模拟题 ‎1. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】—Where are you going to hang the picture?‎ ‎—I haven’t decided yet. I ________ hang it in the dining room.‎ A. might B. must C. need D. would ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：——你准备把这幅画挂在哪？——我还不确定，可能会把它挂在餐厅。根据前一句可知，此人并不确定要把这幅画挂在哪，may/might可表示“可能性”，故选A。‎ ‎2. 【2017届北京市东城区高三5月综合练习（二模）】 If you were to have a few minutes free, I______ the opportunity to ask you one more question.‎ A. would appreciate B. would have appreciated C. were to appreciate D. had appreciated ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。句意：如果你有几分钟的空闲时间，我将会珍惜这个机会再问您一个问题。将来时的虚拟语气中，从句为：if+主语+were to do/should do/动词过去式，主句为：主语+should/would +do，故选A。‎ ‎3. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】We      be careful with the words we say when we are angry.‎ A. may B. can C. might D. should ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：当我们生气的时候我们应该注意我们的话。should表“应该”，符合语境，故选D。‎ ‎4. 【2017届北京市海淀区高三5月期末练习（二模）】 Without our team's great effort, the art exhibition last week ____such a great success.‎ A. wouldn't be B. won't be C. wouldn't have been D. won't have been ‎【答案】C ‎5. 【2017届江苏省南京市高三第三次模拟】After making the speech, he went through it in his mind to reflect where he_________ better.‎ A. could do B. would do C. could have done D. would have done ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词与虚拟语气。句意：演讲完成之后，他在脑子里想了一遍，反省还有哪些地方他本来可以做得更好。could have done表示未曾实现的能力：即表示过去本来有能力可以做某事的，但实际上没有那样去做，通常译为“本来可以”“本来能够”等，故选C。‎ ‎6. 【2017届江苏省南通、扬州、泰州、淮安四市高三下学期第三次模拟】—I can’t think why he ______ so angry. I meant no offence.‎ ‎—It’s typical of him to be sensitive.‎ A. should have been B. must have been C. might have been D. can have been ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词。A. should have been本应该；B. must have been表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”；C. might have been表示对过去事情的推测，可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。D. can have been表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？。句意：—我认为他本不该这么生气，我并没有冒犯的意思。—敏感是他一个典型的特征。此处指我认为他不该生气，结果他生气了。用“本不该”，故选A.‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 情态动词+have done用法总结：‎ 一、 “must+have+done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。‎ ‎1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。‎ ‎2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。‎ 二、 “can't+have+done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。‎ ‎1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。‎ ‎2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。‎ 三、 “can+have+done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。‎ ‎1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？‎ ‎2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？‎ 四、 “could+have+done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。‎ He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。‎ 五、 “may+have+done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。‎ ‎—What has happened to George?‎ ‎—I don't know. He may have got lost.‎ ‎—乔治发生了什么事？——我不知道，他可能迷路了。‎ 六、 “might+have+done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。‎ ‎1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。‎ ‎2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。‎ 七、 “would+have+done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。‎ ‎1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。‎ ‎2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。‎ 八、 “should+have+done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't+have+done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。‎ ‎1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。‎ ‎2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。‎ 九、 “ought to+have+done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should+have+done”用法基本一样。‎ I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。‎ You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。‎ 十、 “need+have+done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't+have+done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。‎ I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。‎ He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。‎ would like to have done sth 本打算做某事 I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.‎ would rather +have done 当时宁愿做了 或没做 I would rather have refuse his offer ‎7.【2017届天津市河北区高三总复习质量检测（二）】One of our rules is that every student    wear school uniform while at school.‎ A. might B. could C. shall D. will ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】C 考察情态动词。句义：我们的规定就是每个学生在校期间都要穿校服。Shall用语二三人称，表示警告，命令，允诺，威胁，本句市中是规定。故C正确。‎ ‎8.【2017届天津市十二重点中学高三毕业班联考（二）】The new supermarket has announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day      get a big prize.‎ A. must B. shall C. would D. could ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考察情态动词。句意"那个新超市宣布只要是在开放日第一个进店买东西的人将得到一份大奖。"这里AD选项可以排除。shall一般用于将来，would一般用于过去，这里的宣布肯定是提前的，还没有发生，故用shall更好。故选B。‎ ‎9. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】 Obviously,a good habit      help us to speed up to reach our destinations.‎ A. need B. must C. can D. shall ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】考查情态动词。句意：显而易见，一个好习惯能帮助我们加速到达目的地。need需要；must必须；can能；shall应该；故选C。‎ ‎10. 【北京市大兴区2017届高三一模】—Can't you drive a little faster?‎ ‎—No. If I ________ another speeding ticket, my dad would take away my car.‎ A. would get B. would have got C. had got D. got ‎【答案】D ‎2016年模拟题 ‎1.【浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考】12. —What if I had parked my car here just now?‎ ‎—What luck! You ______ .‎ A. would have been fined B. should be fined ‎ C. would be fined D. must have been fined ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气结构：If ...had done ...,...would(might, could) have done...，所以选A。句意：——刚才如果我把车子停到这里会怎么样？——你太幸运了，如果那样，你可能要被罚款了。 ‎ 考点： 虚拟语气。‎ ‎2.【浙江省宁波市效实中学等十校2016届高三3月联考】13. —Excuse me, but I want to use your computer to search for some information.‎ ‎—You ______ have my computer if you don’t take care of it.‎ A. needn’t B. shan’t C. shouldn’t D. mightn’t ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, need (needed)等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。‎ ‎　　一、 can, could ‎　　1) 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。‎ ‎　　Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）‎ ‎　　Mary can speak three languages.（知识）‎ ‎　　Can you skate?（技能）‎ ‎　　此时可用be able to代替。Can只有一般现在时和一般过去式；而be able to则有更多的时态。‎ ‎　　I’ll not be able to come this afternoon.‎ ‎　　当表示“经过努力才得以做成功某事”时应用be able to，不能用Can。如：‎ ‎　　He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain.‎ ‎　　2) 表示请求和允许。‎ ‎　　-----Can I go now?‎ ‎　　----- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.‎ ‎　　此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。‎ ‎　　---- Could I come to see you tomorrow?‎ ‎　　---- Yes, you can. ( No, I’m afraid not. )‎ ‎　　3) 表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。‎ ‎　　They’ve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.‎ ‎　　This hall can hold 500 people at least.‎ ‎　　4) 表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。‎ ‎　　Can this be true?‎ ‎　　This can’t be done by him.‎ ‎　　How can this be true?‎ ‎　　二、 may, might ‎　　1) 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用can’t或mustn’t，表示“不可以，禁止”。‎ ‎　　----Might/ May I smoke in this room?‎ ‎　　---- No, you mustn’t.‎ ‎　　---- May/Might I take this book out of the room?‎ ‎　　---- Yes, you can. (No, you can’t / mustn’t. )‎ ‎　　用May I...？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I...？在口语中更常见。‎ ‎　　2）用于祈使句，表示祝愿。‎ ‎　　May you succeed!‎ ‎　　3) 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。‎ ‎　　might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。‎ ‎　　1．He may /might be very busy now.‎ ‎　　2．Your mother may /might not know the truth.‎ ‎　　三、 must, have to ‎　　1) 表示必须、必要。‎ ‎　　You must come in time.‎ ‎　　在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t, don’t have to（不必）.‎ ‎　　---- Must we hand in our exercise books today?‎ ‎　　---- Yes, you must.‎ ‎　　---- No, you don’t have to / you needn’t.‎ ‎　　2) must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。Must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。‎ ‎　　1． he play isn’t interesting, I really must go now.‎ ‎　　2． I had to work when I was your age.‎ ‎　　3) 表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）‎ ‎　　1． You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best.‎ ‎　　2． Your mother must be waiting for you now.‎ ‎　　四、 dare, need ‎　　1) dare作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中, 过去式形式为dared。‎ ‎　　1． How dare you say I’m unfair?‎ ‎　　2． He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he?‎ ‎　　3． If we dared not go there that day， we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers.‎ ‎　　2) need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。‎ ‎　　1．You needn’t come so early.‎ ‎　　2. ---- Need I finish the work today?‎ ‎　　---- Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t.‎ ‎　　3) dare和 need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。‎ ‎　　1. I dare to swim across this river.‎ ‎　　2. He doesn’t dare (to) answer.‎ ‎　　3. He needs to finish his homework today.‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎3. 【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】--- Mike went to the hospital alone.‎ ‎ ---If he ________me about it, I would have gone with him ‎ A. should tell B. told C. had told D. tells ‎【答案】C ‎【名师点睛】‎ 虚拟条件句的类别 ‎ 虚拟条件句可分为三类：一类是叙述与现在事实相反的情况；一类是叙述与过去事实相反的情况；另一类是叙述与将来事实相反的情况。其主句和从句的谓语动词构成如下： ‎ ‎ 1. 与现在事实相反 ‎ 条件从句用过去时（be动词的过去式一律用were），主句用would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”。如： ‎ If I were you, I would accept the invitation to the party. 如果我是你的话，我将接受去舞会的邀请。 ‎ If I knew her well, I would tell you about her.  ‎ 如果我很了解她的话，我将告诉你关于她的事情。 ‎ ‎2. 与过去事实相反 ‎ 条件从句用过去完成时，主句用“would /should/ might / could + have +过去分词”, 如： ‎ If you had been there last night, nothing would have happened. ‎ 如果你昨天晚上在那儿的话，就没有什么事情发生了。 ‎ If I had got up earlier, I would have caught the first bus. 如果我起得更早一些的话，就赶上头班车了。‎ ‎ 3．与将来事实相反 ‎ 条件从句用过去时或者“were to + 动词原形”或者“should+ 动词原形”，主句用“would （should/ might / could）+动词原形”, 如： ‎ If it were Saturday tomorrow, we wouldn’t have an exam. 如果明天是周六的话，我们就不考试了。 ‎ If you were to visit the school tomorrow, you would see Professor Smith. ‎ 如果你明天去参观学校的话，你就会看到史密斯教授。 ‎ If it should rain tomorrow, the sports meet would be put off until next Friday. ‎ 如果明天下雨的话，运动会将被推迟到下周五举行。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎4.【天津市红桥区重点中学2016届高三下学期八校联考】 A traffic regulation released in a foreign country states that passengers sharing a car with a drunken driver _____ be punished together with the driver himself. ‎ ‎ A. shall B. must ‎ ‎ C. can D. will ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【名师点睛】‎ shall的用法 ‎1.在陈述句中表示说话者给对方的承诺、决心、警告、威胁等。如：‎ I shall write to you again at the end of the month. 月底我再给你写封信。‎ You shall have it back next week. 下星期一定还你。‎ He shall stay in bed. 他必须躺在床上。‎ ‎2.表示强制，用于法令、条约、规章中，意为“必须，应该”。如：‎ Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected. 试卷完全收回后，应试人才能离开座位。‎ ‎3.在主语是第一、三人称的疑问句中征求对方意见：要不要……？……好吗？如：‎ Shall I turn on the lights? 我开灯好吗?‎ Shall he wait for you outside? 要不要他在外面等你?‎ ‎4.表示不可避免的某事：一定 That day shall come. 那一天总会来的。‎ ‎ From: http://www.hxen.com/grammar/qingtai/2010-03-06/102947.html 考点：考查情态动词 ‎5.【北京市海淀区2016届高三下学期期末考试（二模）】I ________ my cellphone last night. Now the battery is running out.‎ ‎ A. could have charged B. might charge ‎ C. should have charged D. would charge ‎【答案】C ‎【名师点睛】‎ 情态动词+ have + done是历年高考的重点和难点之一，现将其用法总结归纳如下：‎ 一、 “must + have + done”表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。‎ ‎1. It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚一定下雨了，因为地面还是湿的。‎ ‎2. You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，一定是发疯了。‎ 二、 “can't + have + done”表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。‎ ‎1. Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. ‎ 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚才还在图书馆见过他。‎ ‎2. Mary can't have stolen your money. She has gone home. ‎ 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。‎ 三、 “can + have + done”表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过……吗？”。‎ ‎1. There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? ‎ 屋里没有灯，他们可能出去了吗？‎ ‎2. There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? ‎ 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？‎ 四、 “could + have + done”是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。‎ He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. ‎ 本来他能够通过考试，但是他太粗心。‎ 五、 “ may + have + done”表示对发生过的事情的推测，意思是“可能已经”或“也许已经”，用于肯定句中。‎ ‎—What has happened to George?‎ ‎—I don't know. He may have got lost.‎ ‎—乔治发生了什么事？‎ ‎——我不知道，他可能迷路了。‎ 六、 “might + have + done”表示对过去事情的推测，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。‎ ‎1. He might have given you more help, even though he was busy. (MET90) ‎ 他或许会多给你一些帮助，即使他很忙。‎ ‎2. She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. ‎ 如果你多给她点机会，她可能已经取得更大的成绩。‎ 七、 “would + have + done”虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是“本来会做”。‎ ‎1. I would have told you all about the boy's story, but you didn't ask me. ‎ 我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事，但是你没有问我。‎ ‎2. Without your help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. 没有你的帮助，我是不会取得如此大的成绩。‎ 八、 “should + have + done”意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。” “shouldn't + have + done”表示本来不应该做某事，而实际做了。含有指责对方或自责的含意。‎ ‎1. Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. ‎ 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。‎ ‎2. Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn't have been so harsh on him. ‎ 看，汤姆哭了，我本来不应该对他如此严厉。‎ 九、 “ought to + have + done”表示过去应该做而实际并没有做，译成“理应做……”，往往表示遗憾。与“should + have + done”用法基本一样。‎ I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。‎ You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那么多。‎ 十、 “need + have + done”表示本来需要做某事而没有做。“needn't + have +‎ ‎ done”则表示“本来不需要做某事而做了”。‎ I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. ‎ 我本来没有必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。‎ He need have hurried to the station. In that case, be wouldn't have missed the train. ‎ 他本来需要快点去车站，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。‎ 考点：考查情态动词和虚拟语气 ‎6.. 【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】You ______ worry about me. I’ve decided to join a local health club.‎ ‎ A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. daren’t ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：你不必为我担心。我已经决定加入本地的健身俱乐部了。A. mustn’t不可以；B. can’t 不可能，不能；C. needn’t不必；D. daren’t不敢。结合句意可知，选C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词的用法。‎ ‎7.【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】Social and cultural activities for senior citizens ______ over the past several years. ‎ ‎ A. conducted B. were conducted ‎ C. have conducted D. have been conducted ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查动词的时态和语态的用法。‎ ‎8.【北京市朝阳区2016届高三第二次（5月）综合练习】The driver was really careless, otherwise the traffic accident ______.‎ A. didn’t happen B. hadn’t happened C. wouldn’t happen D. wouldn’t have happened ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：那个司机真粗心，否则这起交通事故就不会发生。A. didn’t happen 说明事故没有发生；B. hadn’t happened 是过去完成时，不符合语境；C. wouldn’t happen 长用来表示与现在或将来事实不符；D. wouldn’t have happened意思是与过去事实相反，本句事故已经发生，故选D。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气的用法。‎ ‎9.【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】The first thing you must remember is that in order to succeed, it is almost compulsory that you ______ optimistic.‎ A. be B. are C. must be D. have been ‎【答案】A 考点：考查固定句式 ‎10.【江苏省如东高级中学2016届高三上学期期中考试】Don’t worry. They ______ to consider your advice. Let me remind them of it now.‎ A. could forget B. could have forgotten C. should have forgotten D. should forget ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查含情态动词的完成式。句意：不要担心。他们可能已经忘记了考虑你的建议。我现在就来提醒他们。could have done(1)可能已经做了某事(2)本来能做而没有做。故选B。‎ ‎【名师点拨】‎ ‎“情态动词+完成式”的用法归纳 ‎1. must + have done：用于肯定句，表示推测，意为“一定(已经)……”。‎ ‎2. can + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。‎ ‎3. could + have done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示推测、责备或遗憾等，意为“可能……”、“本来可以……”、“本来应该……”等。‎ ‎4. should [ought to] + have ‎ done：可用于肯定句、否定句或疑问句，表示责备或遗憾等，意为“本来应该……”。‎ ‎5. need + have done：用于否定句或疑问句，用于否定时意为“本来不必”，用于疑问句时意为“有必要……吗”。‎ ‎6. may + have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……”。‎ ‎7. might + have done：用于肯定句或否定句，表示推测，意为“可能(已经)……(此时 might 可换为 may)；另外还可以表示过来可能发生的事结果未发生，意为“本来会……”(此时 might 不能换为 may)。‎ 考点：考查含情态动词的完成式 ‎11. 【 江苏省淮安市淮海中学2016届高三9月月考】 Do you think he would have given you a hand in your time of financial difficulty?‎ ‎ He ________ had he known about it. After all, we are good friends.‎ A. wouldn’t have B. should have C.couldn’t have D. must have ‎【答案】B 考点：考查情态动词的用法 ‎12.【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】— I ________ imagine it will take about two hours to have your pictures developed.‎ ‎ — All right. I’ll come to get them by then. ‎ A. should B. must C. can D. would ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——我想大概要花两个小时的时间把你们的照片冲洗出来。——好的，到时我来取。此处should表示估计、推测。故选A。 ‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎ ‎13.【江苏省盐城市2016届高三上学期期中考试】If you _______ yourself to doing ‎ everything in the order given, you would miss an opportunity to be a unique individual.‎ A. commit B. committed C. have committed D. had committed ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：如果你承诺自己按已给的顺序做每件事，你就会错过成为独特个体的机会。此处是虚拟语气，与现在相反的虚拟语气，if从句用一般过去时，主句用would∕could+动词原形，故选B。‎ 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎14.【江苏省五校联考2016届高三英语第二次英语试题】 David will succeed along the career ladder one day, I firmly believe, _______ he devote more energy to it.‎ A. might B. would C. could D. should ‎【答案】D 考点：考查情态动词 ‎15．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】Just be patient．You _____ expect the world to change so soon．‎ A． can’t B． may not C． needn’t D． didn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：句意：要有耐心。你不能期望世界变化如此之快。A. can’t不能; B. may not可能不; C. needn’t不必; D. didn’t没有。故选A。‎ 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎16．【浙江省杭州市五校联盟2016届高三年级上学期第一次诊断】— I’m sorry．I ________ at you the other day．‎ ‎— Forget it．I was a bit out of control myself．‎ A． shouldn’t shout B． shouldn’t have shouted C． mustn’t shout D． mustn’t have shouted ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： A. shouldn’t shout不应该大喊；B. shouldn’t have shouted本不该，对过去发生的事情感到后悔；C. mustn’t shout不可以喊叫；D. mustn’t have shouted，这种说法不符合英语的习惯，多用couldn’t。句意：很抱歉，那天我不该对你大喊。故选B。‎ 考点：考查情态动词表推测。‎ ‎17. 【浙江省温州市十校联合体2016届高三下学期期初联考】 It was playing video games that took the boy too much time that he _______ have spent learning．‎ ‎ A. could B. must C. might D. ought to ‎【答案】D ‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎18. 【浙江省金丽衢十二校2016届高三上学期第一次联考】The best and most beautiful things in the world _____ be seen or even touched. They must be felt with the heart.‎ A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. shouldn’t ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词。A. can’t不能，不可能；B. mustn’t禁止，不允许；C. needn’t不必；D. shouldn’t不应该。句意：视觉上最好最美的东西不可能被看见。甚至触摸到。他们一定要用心去感觉。故选A。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎19. 【江苏省大丰市新丰中学2016届高三10月月考】Why ____________ I drive so many miles away for a supper when I can easily have it at one of the restaurants nearby?‎ A. might B. could C. would D. must ‎【答案】D ‎ ‎【解析】 ‎ 试题分析：考查情态动词 。句意：当我很方便在附近吃的的时候，为什么非得跑老远吃顿晚餐。Must表示非得，故选D项。 ‎ 考点 : 考查情态动词 ‎20.【浙江省绍兴市第一中学2016届高三下学期开学回头考】— Many drugs have been forbidden recently. ‎ ‎— Actually. But the scientists say that before a new drug ___ on humans, plenty of studies___.‎ ‎ A. can be tested; are needed B. can test; are needed ‎ ‎ C. can be tested; need D. can test; need ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎ 考点：考查语态 ‎ ‎ ‎ ‎【一年原创】 原创试题及其解析 ‎1.—Penny’s baby daughter narrowly escaped drinking the furniture polish on the coffee table.‎ ‎—Luckily for her. She ________ sick or even died.‎ A. could have got B. should have got C. must have got D. will have got ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】考查情态动词。A. could have got是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来能够做某事而没有做。B. should have got意思是“本来应该做某事，而实际没做。”C. must have got表示对过去事情的肯定推测，译成“一定做过某事”，该结构只用于肯定句。D. will have got是将来完成时，表示将来某个时间已经完成的动作。句意：——Penny的婴儿女儿侥幸没喝放在咖啡桌上的家具亮光剂。——她很幸运，那样本可能会生病或死亡的。指如果她喝了可能会生病会死亡，故选A。‎ ‎2. — What happened to the young trees we planted last week?‎ ‎— The trees __________ well, but I didn’t water them.‎ A. might grow B. would have grown C. needn’t have grown D. would grow ‎【答案】B ‎【名师点睛】‎ 虚拟语气 在表示假想的、虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气，‎ 此题是与过去事实相反的虚拟，主句应该用would have done。would have done 是对过去事情的虚拟，本可以做却没做，第二空根据后面使用了转折but 来看，表示事实上没有浇水，是过去的事实，用一般过去式。‎ ‎3. The new supermarket announced that the first to purchase goods on the opening day______________ get a big prize.‎ A. must B. will C. shall D. need ‎【答案】C ‎ ‎【解析】试题分析:句意：新开业的超市宣布开业当天首先购物的人会得到大奖。A必须；B将；C将；D需要。Shall 用于二三人称的陈述句中可以表示说话人的承诺，命令，警告等，根据句意判断此处表示超市的承诺，故选C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词。‎ ‎4.    ______more energy to my study instead of being crazy about Interact games, I would be sitting in a comfortable office now.‎ A. If I devoted B. Had I devoted C. Would I be devoted D. Should I be devoted ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查时间错综的虚拟条件句。此处主句用过去完成时，表示与过去的事实相反，如果省略if要用倒装句；从句用would + 动词原形的形式，表示与现在的事实相反。‎ ‎5. ----Why didn’t you call me?‎ ‎----Oh, my cell-phone ran out of power, otherwise I _________ you.‎ A. would call B. would have called C. called D. had called ‎15.D考察虚拟语态的辨析。由题意，我的手机没电了，否则我会打给你，“否则我会打给你”是对过去事实的虚拟，故选D。‎ ‎6. You ______ use your cell phone here in our hospital because of the disturbance to the electronic equipment! It’s forbidden.‎ A. shouldn’t B. may not C. needn’t D. mustn’t ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：因为会对电子设备造成干扰，所以在医院里禁止使用手机。 A. shouldn’t 不应该。B. may not 可能不，表否定推测，语气较弱。C. needn’t 没必要。D. mustn’t表禁止。故答案为D。‎ 考点：考查情态动词的用法 ‎7. The boy might have drowned but for the fact that his father _________ beside him on the deck at that time.‎ A. was standing B. stood C. had stood D. would have stood ‎ ‎【答案】A ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气和时态 ‎8. The match sounds fantastic; how I wish I _________ it like you.‎ A. watched B. had watched C. would watch D. have watched ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】考查虚拟语气。 句意：那场比赛听上去真是精彩。我多么希望像你一样看过那场比赛啊！此题考查I wish后面的从句中虚拟语气的用法。依据前面句子的意思可以看出比赛已经发生过了，所以I wish后面的从句中要用虚拟语气，用过去完成时来表示与过去事实相反，故选B。‎ ‎【考点】考查虚拟语气 ‎9. Tell your parents if you’re sad or struggling with something. They _______ not ‎ know that you’re having problems.‎ A. must B. should C. could D. might ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：遇到问题要告诉父母，不然他们可能不知道。故用might表示“可能”。must与not连用表示 “禁止”；should应该；could能够。故选D项。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎10. My goal for 2016 is to achieve the goals of 2015, which I______ in 2014, as I promised in 2013 and planed in 2012.‎ ‎ A. could have done B. might have done C. should have done D. would have done ‎【答案】C ‎【考点】考查情态动词 ‎11. Depression, a mental problem that often results from fierce competition and great pressures in life, _______ be a destructive illness if not treated properly.‎ A. must B. should C. need D. can ‎【答案】D ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：沮丧——通常是由于生活中的激烈竞争和巨大压力造成的精神问题，如果不妥善应对，可能会成为一种破坏性的疾病。can表示“可能会，有时会”。must 必须；should应该；need需要。故选D项。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎12. It is in life as in a journey. One _______ as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly.‎ A. must B. may C. can D. shall ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：生命就是一次旅程。凡事一知半解不如不知。may as well此处表示“不妨，还是……的好”，用于提出建议。故选B项。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎13.—What do you think of her performance in the match?‎ ‎—He _______, but today was not his day.‎ A. need have scored B. could have scored C. should score D. would score ‎【答案】C 考点：虚拟语气 ‎14．— Tom fell off the bike yesterday, but he is all right now.‎ ‎     — What a lucky dog! He _________ himself badly.‎ ‎     A. should injure        B.  could have injured          C. should have injured    D. might injure ‎ ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：——昨天汤姆从自行车上掉下来了，但现在没事了。——真幸运！他可能会受伤的。由语境可知，空格处表示对过去情况的推测，应该在BC里面选择，could have done 意为“可能会…却没有”；should have done 意为“过去应该干某事而没有干”。故B项正确，‎ 考点：考查情态动词的完成式 ‎15. Meanwhile, ________ Wal-Mart succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint and lowering prices for green products, both the planet and the company will profit．‎ A. would B. could C.should D. might ‎ ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：，句意：同时,如果沃尔玛在减少环境足迹和降低绿色产品价格方面成功的话,这个星球和公司都将获利。这里使用should，是if虚拟条件句的省略倒装，相当于If Wal-Mart should succeed at shrinking its environmental footprint…., 所以选C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎16. According to the school rules, no students carrying cell phones ______ be allowed ‎ to enter the campus.‎ A. must B. shall C. should D. need ‎【答案】B ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：根据学校规定，不允许学生携带手机进校园。shall用于法律,法规,公文,条约中,表示义务或规定,一般用于第三人称。‎ 考点：情态动词 ‎17．“The money _________all go to his son, according to the will made by Mr Green,” declared the judge.‎ A. should B. must C .shall D. may ‎【答案】C。‎ 考点：考查情态动词 ‎18. — Tom knocked into the banisters（栏杆） last night while driving, but she is all right.‎ ‎— He is lucky. He himself badly.‎ A. could have injured  B. might injure C. should have injured  D. should injure ‎【答案】A ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析： 句意：--玛丽昨晚开车的时候撞到了栏杆上，但是她没事。--她很幸运，她本来可能伤的很严重的。因为玛丽没事，所以伤的严重只是虚拟语气，因为是对过去的虚拟，所以排除BD，should have done本应该做而没做，不符合句意，could have done过去本可能做而没做，所以选A。‎ 考点：考查情态动词的虚拟语气 ‎19. — I didn’t watch the program “Where are we going, Dad?” yesterday.‎ ‎— I________, either, if my father hadn’t reminded me.‎ A．wouldn’t have　　　 B．didn’t C．wouldn’t 　　D．hadn’t ‎【答案】C ‎【解析】‎ 试题分析：句意：--昨天我没有看《爸爸去哪里》。--如果我爸爸没有提醒我，我也不会看的。从条件句if my father hadn’t reminded me.可知是和过去相反的虚拟语气，主句用would have done，所以选C。‎ 考点：考查虚拟条件句 ‎20. This nationwide smog should serve as a reminder to all, indicating a high time that we ______ on what we've done to the environment. ‎ A. have reflected B. are reflecting C. will reflect D. reflected ‎ ‎【答案】D 考点：考查虚拟语气 ‎ ‎