【英语】2018届人教版选修八一轮复习：Unit2Cloning（6页）

【英语】2018届人教版选修八一轮复习：Unit2Cloning（6页）

Unit 2 Cloning 核心单词 ‎1. differ ‎ v. 不同；相异；使……相异 常用结构：‎ A differs from B in ...A与B在……方面不同 A differs with B about/on/over... A与B就……意见相左 Their house differs from mine in having no garage. ‎ 他们的房子与我的不同，区别在于他们的没有车库。‎ The two sides still differ with each other over the question of pay.双方在报酬的问题上仍各持己见。 ‎ 联想拓展 difference n. 不同之处 different adj. 不同的 make a difference to 对……产生变化；对什么有 ‎ 影响 different from 与……不同，不同于高手过 ‎ 招 高手过招 用适当的介词填空 ‎①The two squares differ colour but not size. ‎ ‎②The husband differs the wife who is to take charge of the money.‎ ‎③It doesn’t make a difference me whether you are going to stay.‎ ‎④This is a different car the one I drove yesterday.‎ 答案：1. ①in; in ②with; on/about/over ③to ④from ‎2. undertake ‎ vt.（undertook;undertaken）着手;从事;承担；保证，答应 常用结构：‎ undertake sth. 着手/从事/承担某事 undertake to do sth. 保证/答应做某事 undertake that ...保证……‎ The scientist undertakes the experiment. ‎ 这位科学家从事这项实验。‎ I can undertake the responsibility for the changes.‎ 我愿意承担这些变革的责任。‎ The lawyer undertook a new case.‎ 那个律师接了一个新的案子。‎ He undertook to finish the job by Friday.‎ 他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎①他下个月要去西部旅行。‎ He will undertake a journey to the west next month. ‎ ‎②我不能保证按时做完它。‎ I can’t undertake that I’ll finish it on time.‎ ‎3. objection n. 不赞成；反对；异议 常用结构：‎ have an objection to ... 反对……‎ raise/voice an objection 提出异议 联想拓展 object v. 反对，不赞成 ‎ n. 物体;目标 object to sb./sth. 不赞成某人/某事 object to doing sth. 反对做某事 ‎ object that ... 反对……‎ No one objected to the plan.没有人反对这项计划。‎ We object to being treated like this.‎ 我们反对受到这样的待遇。‎ Why do some people object to human cloning? ‎ 为什么一些人反对克隆人类呢？‎ Mother objected that Jimmy was too weak to take up the job. ‎ 母亲反对说，吉米身体太虚弱，不能承担那份工作。‎ The building is the main object of his interest. ‎ 他最感兴趣的是这栋建筑物。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 We to punishing a whole group for one persons fault.‎ Complain B. object C. oppose D. resist 解析：选B。句意为：我们反对因为一个人的错误而惩罚整体。object to doing sth.反对做某事。 ‎ ‎4. obtain ‎ vt. 获得；赢得 易混辨析 obtain/acquire/gain/earn/achieve obtain意为“获得，买到”。指通过努力或请求而得到，含有满足要求或得达到目的的意味，用于正式语体中。‎ acquire意为“经过努力逐步获得才能、知识、习惯等，也可用于表示对财物等的获得”，强调“一经获得就会长期持有”的含义。‎ gain意为“通过较大努力获得某种利益或好处；亦可指军事上的武力夺取等”。‎ earn意为“挣得，赢得”，指因工作等而得到报酬或待遇。‎ achieve意为“得到；获得”，多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。‎ He failed to obtain a scholarship.‎ 他没有获得奖学金。‎ I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.‎ 我终于设法弄到了这个报告的副本。‎ We should try to acquire good habits.‎ 我们应该努力养成好习惯。‎ He found it easy to earn extra money.‎ 他发现赚点额外收入很容易。‎ But we can only achieve it together.‎ 然而，只有共同奋斗才能实现它。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①The journalist immediately set out to obtain these important facts.‎ 那位新闻记者立即着手获取这些重要的事实。‎ ‎ ‎ ‎②Knowledge can be obtained through study.‎ ‎ ‎ 知识可通过学习获得。 ‎ ‎5. forbid ‎ vt. (forbade/forbad; forbidden) 禁止；不准；阻止；妨碍 常用结构：‎ forbid sth./doing sth. 禁止，不许（做某事）‎ forbid sb. to do sth. 禁止某人做某事 The law forbids the use of chemical fertilizers. ‎ 法律禁止使用化学肥料。‎ I forbid you to tell anyone. ‎ 我不准你告诉任何人。‎ 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①飞机上禁止吸烟。‎ Smoking is forbidden on the plane. ‎ ‎②他爸爸不准他和她交谈。‎ His father forbade him to talk to her.‎ ‎③要禁止小孩不玩电脑游戏很难。‎ It is hard to forbid children to play computer games. ‎ ‎6. owe vt. 欠(账、钱、人情等)；应该把……归功于……；感激，感恩 常用结构：‎ owe sb. sth. = owe sth. to sb. 欠(某人)债 owe sth. to sb./sth.将某事物归因或归功于某人/事 He owes his father ￡50. = He owes ￡50 to his father. ‎ 他欠他父亲50英镑。‎ We owe this discovery to Newton. ‎ 我们把这一发现归功于牛顿。‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①How much do I owe you the groceries?‎ ‎②He owes his success more luck than ability.‎ ‎③I owe a lot my wife and children. ‎ ‎ 答案：①for②to; to③ to ‎ ‎7. resist vt.抵抗；对抗 常用结构：‎ resist sth. 抵制；阻挡某事 resist doing sth. 反对做某事 can’t resist doing sth. 忍不住做某事 The nation was unable to resist the invasion. ‎ 该国无力抵抗侵略。‎ A healthy body resists disease. ‎ 健康的身体能抵御疾病。‎ I could hardly resist laughing. ‎ 我忍不住笑了。‎ resistance n. 抵抗，反抗；抵抗力 resistant adj. 抵抗的；有抵抗力的 be resistant to sb./sth.对某人/某事有抵抗力 resister n. 抵制者；抗拒者；电阻器 高手过招 翻译句子 ‎ ‎①He resisted being carried off.‎ 他阻挡别人把他带走。 ‎ ‎②She can not resist the temptation of chocolate.‎ 她无法抗拒巧克力的诱惑 。‎ 重点短语 ‎8. pay off 得到好结果，取得成功(常用主动语态)；偿清债款；付清工资解雇；(对……进行)报复；收买(某人)‎ At last, his hard work paid off. ‎ 最后，他的努力得到了回报。‎ Did your plan pay off? 你的计划成功了吗?‎ 联想拓展 pay for付……的钱；为……而付出代价 pay back sth./pay sb. back sth. 偿还某物/偿还某人某物 pay sb. ...for sth. 因某事而付给某人……‎ pay sb. ...to do sth. 付给某人……去做某事 pay sb. back for sth. 向……报复 ‎ 高手过招 ‎（1）单项填空 If you go for a long ride in a friends car, its the custom to offer to some of the expenses. ‎ A. pay B. pay off C. pay for D. pay back ‎（2）用pay的相关短语填空 ‎①After ten years of hard working she finally ‎ ‎ her debt.‎ ‎②Our efforts are sure to .‎ ‎③Have you the milkman this week?‎ ‎④Have you the money the bank yet?‎ ‎⑤I will you next week.‎ 答案：(1)解析：选C。根据句意可知，这里表示 为……偿付一部分费用 ，故选C。pay for 为……而付钱；为……付出代价。‎ ‎(2)① paid off②pay off③paid④paid; to⑤pay; back ‎9. in favour of ‎ 赞成;支持；有利于；主张 I am in favour of stopping work now. 我赞成现在停止工作。‎ in sb.’s favour 对某人有利 do sb. a favour /do a favour for sb. 帮某人忙 do sb. the favour to do sth./do sb. a favour by doing sth.帮助某人做某事 favour vt. 赞同；支持 The child favours his father with his brown eyes. ‎ 这个孩子棕色的眼睛像他的父亲。 ‎ 温馨提示 表示 支持，赞同某人/某事 除了用in favour of之外；还可以用：be for sb./sth.; stand on one’s side等。‎ be against sb./sth.表示 不支持，不赞同某人/某事 。 ‎ 高手过招 ‎(1)单项填空 I don’t like to ask people for help as a rule but I wonder if you could me a favour. ‎ A. make B. do C. find D. get ‎(2)用方框内所给短语的适当形式填空 ‎ in case of/in consequence of/in favour of/in possession of ‎①All his family are his decision to work in western area after graduation.‎ ‎②While reading, coming across new words, you¡¯d better guess their meanings rather than refer to the dictionary.‎ ‎③Mary told me that she was some lovely jewels.‎ ‎④They had to move to another city the typhoon. ‎ 答案：(1)解析：选B。句意为：通常我不喜欢向别人寻求帮助，但我希望你能帮我的忙。do sb. a favour 帮某人忙。‎ ‎(2)①in favour of ②in case of ‎ ‎10. (be) bound to do ...‎ 一定或注定(做)……‎ The weather is bound to get better tomorrow. ‎ 明天天气一定会变好的。 ‎ You’ve done so much work that you’re bound to pass the exam.你下了这么大功夫, 一定能通过考试。 ‎ 联想拓展 ‎ bound v. 跳跃;限制;形成……的界限 n. 跳跃;界限;范围 adj.必然的,一定的 be bound to sth. 受……限制；被……所束缚 ‎ be bound for 准备到……去；开往；去……地方 be bound up with 与……有密切关系 ‎ 高手过招 用括号内所给词语的适当形式填空 ‎ ‎①These problems were almost bound (arise). ‎ ‎②When you are dealing with so many patients, mistakes (bound) happen. ‎ 答案： ① to arise ②are bound to ‎ ‎11. be in good/poor condition 状况很好（坏）;情况很好（坏）‎ 联想拓展 out of condition 状况欠佳 working/living/studying conditions工作/生活/学习环境 on condition (that)... 在……条件下；‎ 倘若¡¡ ‎ on no condition 一点也不; 决不 in excellent condition 处于极佳的状况 The ship is not in a condition/is in no condition to make a long voyage. 此船的现状不适宜远航。‎ The car is still in excellent condition. 这辆汽车状况极佳。 ‎ 高手过招 用适当的介词填空 ‎ ‎①The car has been well maintained and is excellent condition. ‎ ‎②He¡¯s excellent condition a man of his age. ‎ ‎③I had no exercise for ages; I’m really of condition. ‎ ‎④You can go out condition that you wear an overcoat.‎ 答案：① in ②in; for ③out ④on ‎ 重点句型 ‎12. Then came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. ‎ 接着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。‎ 当时间副词now, then位于句首，谓语是come, appear等表示 出现 一类的动词时，主句用全倒装语序。‎ Now comes your turn. 现在轮到你了。‎ 高手过招 单项填空 In the dark forests , some large enough to hold several English towns. ‎ A. stand many lakes B. lie many lakes C. many lakes lie D. many lakes stand 解析：选B。考查词语辨析及倒装语序。当地点状语位于句首时，主句用全部倒装，表示某物存在于某处，应用动词lie。 ‎