【英语】2018届二轮复习英语五大阅读考点例说学案（7页）

【英语】2018届二轮复习英语五大阅读考点例说学案（7页）

‎2018届二轮复习 英语五大阅读考点例说 在多年的教学过程中时常有同学问我：“老师，阅读有没有一步登天的技巧？使我只读文章的一部分和提干就能选择出正确的答案？”我说：“有。”同学接着问：“那阅读有没有一步登天的技巧？使我不读文章只读提干及选项就能选择出正确的答案？” 我说：“有。”这些同学两眼冒着绿光，接着问：“那阅读有没有一步登天的技巧？使我不读文章不读提干只读选项就能选择出正确的答案？” 我说：“有。”这些同学当时就崩溃了，用注视着外星人的眼光注视着我，用极其贪婪的语调接着问：“那阅读有没有一步登天的技巧？使我不读文章不读提干不读选项就能选择出正确的答案？” 我说：“一定，没有。”其实，不读文章不读提干不读选项，也不是一点方法都没有，比如针对高考（论坛）的同学你可以统计一下历年高考中那个选项正确的概率最高，你就猜哪一个，至少你正确的概率大于25%.‎ ‎    那只读文章的一部分和提干就能选择出正确的答案，有什么技巧可言呢？我把它暧昧的叫做“五大常考考点”。那不读文章不读提干只读选项就能选择出正确的答案，抑或不读文章不读提干不读选项就能选择出正确的答案，有什么技巧可言呢？我把它骄傲的称为“十大无赖原则”。今天我给大家讲解的就是可爱的五大常考考点。‎ ‎    第一点：开头结尾常考 ‎   ‎ ‎ 在高中阶段，我们常见的文章体裁有三种，分别是记叙文、说明文、议论文。记叙文开头交待文章的时间、地点、人物关系，结尾往往总结出文章的主旨抑或有几句含金量很高的句子，可以作为推断题细节题滋生的天然土壤。说明文开头总写，每段第一句话总写该段段意，最后一段下结论，总结全文。议论文开头引出话题抑或提出论点，最后一段总结论点。从中同学们可以看出，无论是记叙文、说明文、议论文，文章中最重要最帅气的段落，往往是开头结尾，所以对于开头结尾我们一定要认真理解，尤其是文章中的最后一段的最后一句话。‎ ‎    例文：‎ ‎    All were there to explore the ocean depths and to make plans for the use of its resources. Scientists hope to find enough mineral， vegetable， and animal wealth there to provide food for the entire world.‎ ‎    1. The author wants to tell us___.‎ ‎    A. that scientists try to measure the ocean depths ‎    B. that scientists try to make use of resources ‎    C. that the plant and animal life in the ocean remain unknown ‎    D. that scientists try to explore life in the ocean and make use of it ‎    点评：这是一道主旨题，通过文章的最后一段我们可以知道，正确答案是D.这题我我们也可以利用“十大无赖原则”中的综合选项原则，只读选项发现D选项是A、B选项的综合，所以D选项正确的概率比较高。 ‎ 第二点：因果关系常考 ‎    一篇文章中出现because/for/since/so/as a result等表示原因抑或结果的词引导的语句，往往含金量非常高，是出题老师出细节题的最爱。‎ ‎    例文：‎ ‎    Fu‘s soup became the talk of the town. Many people came to see him. Once a restaurant owner asked him what was in the soup. “I’ll tell you，” Fu said. “But if your restaurant going to sell the soup you must call it brains because of its shape and colour. And your restaurant should be renamed after my mother. ”‎ ‎    1. The food is called brains because ‎    A. it looks like brains B. it has animal brains in it ‎    C. Fu‘s mother liked the name D. it makes one clever and live longer ‎    2. Before Fu told the restaurant owner what was in the food， one of the things he demanded was that ‎    A. the restaurant shouldn‘t offer any other food ‎    B. the restaurant should use his mother‘s name ‎    C. the shape of the food must never be changed ‎    D. the food must be used to help sick people ‎    点评：这同样是一篇文章的最后一段，出现了两道题目，而且第一题可以通过文中because of its shape and colour.选择正确答案A.第二题这有最后一句话after my mother以母之名，可知选择B.‎ ‎    第三点：转折关系常考 ‎    我们在听力中经常听到某个男孩子约女孩子出去玩，女孩子一般回答。I‘d love to， but I am busy now.显然强调的不是I’d love to而是but I am busy now.阅读中也是一样，出现but/however/whereas等表示转折的词引导的语句往往成为细节题的出题点。‎ ‎    例文：‎ ‎    All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very long. They had to come back up to the surface after a few seconds. Scientists needed to stay down longer to study life below surface. Gradually they succeeded， Cousteau， a Frenchman， was able to keep men down to a depth of 36 feet for one month and to a depth of 90 feet for a week.‎ ‎    1. Which of the following statements is true？‎ ‎    A. The early divers could not stay down for very long ‎    B. Up to now only five women scientists have stayed in the undersea laboratory ‎    C. The purpose of undersea laboratories is to make plans for the resources in the ocean ‎    D. It is easy to explore the plant and animal life in the deep ocean ‎    点评：通过文章中的All these early dives were deep. But the divers could not stay down for very ‎ long我们可以知道正确答案是A.而其中的B选项可以利用“十大无赖原则”中的绝对化选项原则将其排除，因为出现only等绝对化的选项过于极端，往往是错误选项。‎ 第四点：比较关系常考 ‎    这点同学们平时注意得很少，但是如果同学们有心，可以回去看一看你们考过的卷子就会发现比较关系出现的地方，十之八九都会有考题出现，当然这里的比较关系及包括了比较级也包括了最高级。原因很简单，比较关系涉及几个事物之间的比较，能够很好地说明事物的特征，这样的句子，对于出题老师来说具有很大的诱惑力。‎ ‎    例文：‎ ‎    Along the way， Pittsburgh University has learned a great deal about some of its heat producers. The harder a student studies， the more heat his body gives off. Boy students send out more heat than girl students， and the larger a student， the more heat he produces. It sounds rather reasonable to draw the following conclusion that the hottest prospect for the Pittsburgh University would be a hardworking， overweight boy student who is very clever in the university.‎ ‎    1. Which of the following persons would produce the least heat？‎ ‎    A. A fat boy students who is clever and studies hard ‎    B. A thin girl students who is not clever and does not study hard ‎    C. A thin boy students who is clever and studied hard ‎    D. A fat girl students who is both clever and hardworking ‎    2. In the last sentence， the “hottest prospect” refers to ‎    A. the person who produces the most heat ‎    B. the person who suffers most from heat ‎    C. the person who takes in the most heat ‎    D. the person who bears the most heat ‎    点评：由原文中比较级出现的部分不难得出第一题答案为B，第二题答案为A.‎ ‎    第五点：数字关系常考 ‎    文章中的数字，表明时间、特征量间的数量关系，对于说明事物特征具有文字所不能及的作用。‎ ‎    例文：‎ ‎    In the United States Government， the laws are made by the Congress， which has the House of Representatives and the Senate. They are almost equal in power. The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years， and the number from each state is determined by the population of the state.‎ ‎    1. The House of Representatives has more members than the Senate.‎ ‎    A. 100 B. 435‎ ‎    C. 535 D. 335‎ ‎    点评：由原文The House of Representatives is larger than the Senate whose 100 members serve for six years. The 435 members of the House are elected every two years可知答案为D.文中出现的数字为100和435，运用了减法。数字题往往需运用简单的四则运数，但是绝对不可能出现开平方，求微分等高级的数学运数。‎