【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空解题之二：有提示信息的填空题学案（9页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习短文语法填空解题之二：有提示信息的填空题学案（9页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 短文语法填空解题之二：有提示信息的填空题 在做语法填空题时，除了知道纯空格填空的解题技巧外，也必须知道如何做空格中有提示信息的填空题。以下探讨给提示信息类试题的解题方法。‎ 一、 名词 ‎ 名词用单数还是复数，应该看一下名词前面的修饰语，或动词的单复数形式。‎ 例1：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 I’d skipped nearby Guilin, a dream place for tourists seeking the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River that are pictured by artists in so many Chinese ______ (painting).‎ 答案与分析：paintings。该词前面有限定词many，因此用复数形式。‎ 例2：【2014课标I】 While there are amazing stories of instant transformation, for most of us the ______ (change) are gradual and require a lot of effort and work, like cleaning up a polluted river. 答案与分析：changes。该词后面的动词是复数形式，因此change用复数形式。‎ 二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级 遇到空中有形容词或副词时，要根据语境确定该词是否有比较的含义，尤其看看其后面有没有标志词than。‎ 例：【2015课标I】 Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is ______ (clean) than ever.‎ 答案与分析：cleaner。根据后面比较级的标志词than，这里应该使用比较级。‎ 三、词性转换 词性转换是指同一词根派生出的名词、形容词、副词、动词以及反义词等词。可以根据该词在句子中的所作的成分，确定该词的转换形式。‎ 例1：【2015课标II】In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ______ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.‎ 答案与分析：ability。their后接名词。‎ 例2：【2015课标II】 As ______ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ 答案与分析：natural。名词前用形容词修饰。‎ 例3：【2015课标II】 Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat ______ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.‎ 答案与分析：slowly。这里需要副词修饰动词短语give out。‎ 例4.【2014课标I】Just be ______ (patience).‎ 答案与分析：patient。这里应该是形容词作表语。‎ 四、动词的单复数 当空格的提示词给的是动词原形时，除了考虑它的时态和语态外，还要考虑它的单复数形式，在这种情况下，主要看主语。‎ 例1：【2015课标II】 This cycle ______ (go) day after day: The walls warm up during the day and cool off during the night and are thus always a timely offset(抵消) for the outside temperatures.‎ 答案与分析： goes。根据句中的时间状语day after day和后面的句子中使用的时态，可以确定该动词用一般现在时态形式，主语是单数，因此动词用数三人称单数形式。‎ 例2：【2015课标I】Yangshuo ______ (be) really beautiful.‎ 答案与分析：is。主语是单三人称，因此用is。‎ 五、时态和语态 如果空中所给的信息词是动词，空前是名词或代词，比较复杂的时候是动名词、不定式或者主语从句，那么这个空缺少谓语，所以要根据上下文判断动词的时态和语态。‎ 例：‎ ‎【2015课标I】 It was raining lightly when I ______ (arrive) in Yangshuo just before dawn.‎ 答案与分析：arrived。所给动词arrive前是代词I，这里应该是谓语动词，因为主句的时态是过去时态，因此这里用过去时态。‎ 六、非谓语动词 如果句中（一套主谓结构）已有谓语动词，所给动词不是该谓语的并列谓语，那么该动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定是v.-ing形式、v.-ed形式或不定式。用非谓语动词的形式一定要考虑它与其逻辑主语之间的关系。‎ 例1：【2015课标II】 When a new day breaks, the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day; at the same time, they warm up again for the night.‎ 答案与分析：to cool。句子“the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______ (cool) the house during the hot day ‎”中的谓语动词have given up和are并列，所给动词前面没有其他连词，cool表示结果，因此用to cool。‎ 例2：【2015课标I】 Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people ______ (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.‎ 答案与分析：living。live与前面的people不能形成主谓关系，又因为live与people的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词living作定语，修饰中心词people。‎ 例3：【2015课标I】 A study of travelers ______ (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ 答案与分析：conducted。因为这个句子里有谓语动词names，所给动词不是names的并列谓语，它与前面名词的关系是被动关系，因此用过去分词作定语。‎ 例4：【2010广东】 He spit it out, ______ (say) it was awful.‎ 答案与分析：saying。在这里 say前没有并列连词，因此可以推断不是并列谓语，是非谓语动词，又因为say与主语he的关系是主动关系，因此用现在分词。‎ 总之，做有提示词填空的题，要注意动词的时态和语态及非谓语动词的填写。因此建议教师在平时讲课的过程中加强学生对时态、语态、非谓语动词的掌握，让学生多记忆词汇，这样就能轻松做好语法填空信息提示题。‎ 典题演练 ‎ 【一】‎ Winter solstice (冬至) is a very important solar term in Chinese Lunar calendar.‎ Being a traditional holiday as well, __1__ is still now celebrated quite often in many regions. Early in the Spring and Autumn Period, about 2,500 years from now, winter solstice was regarded __2__ the Chinese traditional solar term among the total 24 terms.‎ Midwinter day is the very day in North hemisphere with the shortest day and longest night yearround. After it, daytime will become __3__ (increase) longer and the coldest climate will set in all the places on the Northern part of the globe. It is called “JinJiu”， __4__ means once winter solstice comes, people will meet the coldest time ahead.‎ That __5__ (conclude) is proved to be true. Scientifically, during winter solstice, a right angle __6__ (form) by the sun. Thus, the North hemisphere receives the __7__ (little) sunlight and the shortest day and longest night occurs.‎ Chinese paid great attention to this holiday, __8__ (treat) it as a big event. There was the saying that “Winter solstice holiday is greater than ‎ the spring festival”. Northerners may have dumplings with meat __9__ southerners may have sweet dumplings __10__ (make) by rice powder on that day.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了冬至的来源以及中国人在冬至那天的一些习俗和活动。‎ ‎1．it　空格处指代上文提到的“Winter solstice (冬至)”。故填it。‎ ‎2．as　be regarded as为固定搭配，意为“被认为”，符合语境。故填as。‎ ‎3．increasingly　空格处需填副词来修饰后面的形容词“longer”，故填increase的副词形式increasingly。‎ ‎4．which　空格处引导非限制性定语从句，指代先行词“JinJiu”，指物，在从句中作主语。故填关系代词which。‎ ‎5．conclusion　分析句子结构可知，所给词在句中作主语，所以应用名词形式。故填conclusion。‎ ‎6．is formed　根据空格后的常用于引出执行者的“by”可知，本句应该用被动语态，而且此处指一般的情况，应用一般现在时。故填is formed。‎ ‎7．least　根据句意以及空格前的提示词“the”可知，应用 little的最高级least，表示接收到的太阳光最少。故填least。‎ ‎8．treating　本句的谓语动词是“paid”，与空格处无连词连接，故此处只能用非谓语动词；treat与其逻辑主语“Chinese”之间构成主动关系，表伴随，应用其现在分词。故填treating。‎ ‎9．while　空格前后均为完整的句子，故空格处应填连词；“dumplings with meat”和“sweet dumplings”之间构成对比关系。故填while。‎ ‎10．made　分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词；作“dumplings”的后置定语；make与“dumplings”之间是动宾关系，应用make的过去分词形式。故填made。‎ ‎【二】‎ Sweet wormwood (青蒿) is a common plant in China, __1__ it has the power to cure the deadly disease called malaria (疟疾). Tu Youyou __2__ (be) the woman who uses the plant’s special power to save millions of lives. The Chinese scientist won a Nobel Prize because of her great contribution.‎ On October 5, Tu was awarded the 2015 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. She shared the prize with two other scientists from the US and Japan. Tu is the first native Chinese person __3__ (receive) a Nobel Prize in natural sciences.‎ Tu was modest about receiving the award: “It’s a success for the whole research team.” She also thinks __4__ is scientists’ duty to fight for the health of all humans.‎ When Tu joined the national research team to find the medicine __5__ could fight against malaria in the 1960s and 1970s, things were hard. The team didn’t have advanced equipment back then. Tu used to test __6__ (medicine) by eating them herself. Her team searched old Chinese medicine books __7__ hand and tested over 2,000 traditional recipes.‎ Once Tu __8__ (return) home after traveling for six months. Her little daughter didn’t recognize her and hid from the “strange woman”. To do research, Tu also had to move around a lot.‎ Finally, Tu found artemisinin (青蒿素)in sweet wormwood in 1971. She spent the next decades __9__ (try) to improve the medicine. According to World Health Organization, about 200 million people suffer __10__ malaria around the world, and about half a million die each year. Artemisinin is still the most effective treatment against malaria known today.‎ Tu never complains about how hard she works. “I feel more rewarded when I see so many cured patients，” she said.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。屠呦呦是中国第一个获得诺贝尔奖的女科学家，她带领她的团队发现了青蒿素，从而挽救了数百万人的生命。‎ ‎1．but　空前语境为：青蒿在中国是一种常见的植物；空后语境为：它有治愈致命疾病——疟疾的能力。根据空处前后语境可以判断，两句为转折关系，故用转折连词but。‎ ‎2．is　根据该句中的“who uses the plant’s special power”可知，该句应用一般现在时。又因主语为Tu Youyou，故用is。‎ ‎3．to receive　根据该句中的“the first native Chinese person”可以判断，该句应用动词不定式作person的后置定语。‎ ‎4．it　分析该句结构可知，动词不定式短语to fight for the health of all humans 作真正的主语，it 作形式主语。‎ ‎5．that/which　分析该句结构可知，该句为定语从句，先行词为medicine，空处在从句中作主语，故用which或that引导该定语从句。‎ ‎6．medicines　根据该句中的them可以判断，空处应用复数形式。‎ ‎7．by/on/at/in　by hand意为“用手”；on hand, at hand, in hand意为“在手头”。根据语境可知这四个介词都对。‎ ‎8．returned　根据下句的“Her little daughter didn’t recognize her”可知，这里陈述的是过去的事情，故用一般过去时。‎ ‎9．trying　spend time doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“花费时间做某事”，故用trying。‎ ‎10．from　suffer from 为固定搭配，意为“(因疾病、痛苦等)受折磨”。‎