江苏专用2021版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练39牛津译林版

江苏专用2021版新高考英语一轮复习课时提能练39牛津译林版

1 课时提能练(三十九) Book 8　Unit 1　The written word 课时作业 A：基础层面 Ⅰ.语境语法填空 A Mr Black had a good reputation for creating many 1.characters(character) who would rather try and fail than 2.give(give) up their life goals in his novels.They found it possible to live up to their expectations after great efforts. In addition most of his works touched on people's life，and he appealed to the people to 3.strengthen(strength) unity，resist violence，be generous and civil， not to be desperate 4.for the future and persuade people 5.to_reform(reform) bravely.His works gave people a brand new feeling，which made many readers，especially those who were kept on the run believe efforts were never paid 6.in vain.So they are bent on taking loads off their minds 7.struggling(struggle) for their future life. B As we all know ， classics are the antiques of the 1.literary(literature) world. They are examples of great writing and wisdom，and even those written centuries ago can still 2.be_found(find) in bookshops and libraries today.Even some films are based 3.on them.Charles Dickens is one of England's greatest writers.Great Expectations is one of his famous 4.works(work)．The story begins when Pip is seven. There is a twist in the plot 5.when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune.Pip moves to London.Money and 6.education(educate) have changed him.He becomes vain and ashamed 7.of his background and even dislikes 8.it when Joe comes to visit him because he isn't a gentleman.He wins Estella's love.In the end，Pip has changed a lot.He learns 9.happiness (happy) and friends are 10.more_important (important) than wealth. Ⅱ.根据提示补全句子 1．车辆噪音很大，他无法让人听到他的声音。(make) He couldn't make_himself_heard above the noise of the traffic. 2．现在越来越多的人对剪纸感兴趣。(get＋过去分词) Nowadays，more and more people are_getting_interested_in_paper-cutting. 3．由于您的鼓励，我在数学上取得了不断的进步，最终下决心在大学里学习它。(be bent 2 on doing) Thanks to your encouragement，I made continuous progress in math，and finally I am_bent_on_learning_it it in the university. 4．我喜欢吃甜食，抵挡不住巧克力和冰淇淋的诱惑。(resist) I have a sweet tooth and can't_resist__eating chocolate and ice cream. 课时作业 B：能力层面 Ⅰ.阅读理解 A (2019·成都市第二次诊断性检测)A team of engineers at Harvard University created the first robotic fly.Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks. “The added difficulty with a project like this is that actually none of its components is off the shelf and so we have to develop them all on our own，” said Robert Wood，a Harvard engineering professor. They engineered a series of systems to start and drive the robotic fly.“The seemingly simple system which just moves the wings has lots of interdependence(互 相依赖) of the individual components，each of which individually has to perform well，but then has to be matched well to everything it's connected to，”said Wood. While this first robotic flyer is linked to a small，off­board power source， the goal is eventually to equip it with a built­in power source，so that it might someday perform data­gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers' fields or on the battlefield.“Basically it should be able to take off，land and fly around，” he said. Wood says the design offers a new way to study flight mechanics and control at insect­scale.Yet，the power，sensing and computation technologies on board could have much broader applications.“You can start thinking about using them to answer open scientific questions，you know，to study biology in ways that would be difficult with the animals，but using these robots instead，”he said.“So there are a lot of technologies and open interesting scientific questions that are really what drives us on a day­to­day basis.” 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文。哈佛大学的工程师团队研制出了机器苍蝇飞行器， 该飞行器虽然尺寸如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据 3 收集任务。 1．What is the typical characteristic of the robotic fly? A．It's automatic. B．It's very small. C．It's controllable. D．It's quite powerful. B 　 [ 细 节 理 解 题 。 根 据 第 一 段 第 二 、 三 句 “Designed to do what a fly does naturally，the tiny machine is the size of a fat housefly.Its mini wings allow it to stay in the air and perform controlled flight tasks”可知，这种飞行器设计初衷 是为了能做苍蝇做的事，它的尺寸和肥胖的家蝇一样大，微小的翅膀可以让它停在空中执行 受控的飞行任务；据此可知，该飞行器的典型特点是尺寸小，故 B 项正确。] 2．We can infer from the passage that the robotic flyer can ________. A．act as a spy plane B．help do farm work C．fly at a very high speed D．answer many scientific questions A　[推理判断题。根据第四段第一句中的“so that it might someday perform data­gathering work at rescue sites，in farmers' fields or on the battlefield”可知， 某一天这种飞行器可能用于搜救点、农田、战场信息的收集；据此可推知，该飞行器可以用 作间谍飞机，故 A 项正确。] 3．What is Wood's idea about the robotic fly according to the last paragraph? A．It is highly questionable. B．It has wide practical applications. C．It gives scientists interest in flying machines. D．It points to a new direction in studying biology. B　[细节理解题。根据尾段第二句“Yet，the power ...could have much broader applications”并结合 Wood 所说的话可知，Wood 认为这种飞行器使用范围很广泛，故 B 项 正确。] 4．What can be the best title for the passage? A．Harvard's Study in the Field of Insects B．A Breakthrough in Engineering Science C．An Interesting Invention —Robotic Fly D．Robotic Fly—a Copy of the Real Life Insect D　[标题判断题。通读全文可知，本文的主题句是第一段第一、二句；结合全文内容可 4 知，本文主要介绍了哈佛大学的工程师团队研制的一款机器苍蝇飞行器，该飞行器虽然尺寸 如苍蝇大小，但结构复杂，可望在未来执行搜救、农田勘探等领域的数据收集任务。故 D 项 最适合作为本文标题。] B (2019·潍坊市统一考试)Plants cannot run or hide，so they need other strategies to avoid being eaten.Some curl up their leaves，others produce chemicals to make themselves taste bad if they sense animals drooling on them，chewing them up or laying eggs on them—all signals of an attack.New research now shows some flora can feel a plant­eating animal well before it launches an attack，letting a plant prepare a preemptive(先发制人的) defense that even works against other pest species. When ecologist John Orrock of the University of Wisconsin－Madison sprayed snail slime—a liquid the animals release as they slide along—onto soil，nearby tomato plants appeared to notice.They increased their levels of an enzyme(酶)，which is known to prevent plant­eating animals.“None of the plants were ever actually attacked，” Orrock says.“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming， and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.” Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails; in the latest study，his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat.The investigators found that hungry caterpillars(毛虫)，which usually eat tomato leaves greedily，had no appetite for them after the plants were exposed to snail slime and activated their chemical resistance.This nonspecific defense may be a strategy that benefits the plants by further improving their overall possibilities of survival，says Orrock，who reported the results with his colleagues in March in Oecologia. The finding that a snail's approach can cause a plant response that affects a different animal made Richard Karban curious，a plant communications expert，who was not involved in the study.“It is significant that the plants are responding before being damaged and that these cues are having such far­ranging effects，” Karban says.The research was comprehensive，he adds，but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them. “That's the million­dollar question，” Orrock says.He hopes future research will make out the mechanisms that enable plants to sense these relatively distant cues. 【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了一项新的科学研究。该研究发现植物会对外在威胁相当 警觉，会自动做出反应进行自我保护。 5 5．John Orrock sprayed a liquid onto soil near tomato plants to ________. A．make them grow better B．give them a warning C．keep plant­eating animals away D．inform plant­eating animals of danger B　[推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“We just gave them cues that suggested an attack was coming，and that was enough to cause big changes in their chemistry.” 可推知，John Orrock 在西红柿植株附近的泥土上喷洒液体的目的是给予植物一种警告，让 它们能够产生自我保护性反应，且其与第三段第一句中的“his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”呼应，故选 B。] 6．Why is the example of “caterpillars” mentioned in Paragraph 3? A．To introduce another animal. B．To confirm the result of the study. C．To appeal to people to protect animals. D．To analyze different resistance chemicals. B　[推理判断题。根据第三段第一句“Initially Orrock found this defense worked against snails；in the latest study，his team measured the slimy warning's impact on another potential threat”可推知，文章中提到毛虫的例子是为了验证研究的结果，故 选 B。] 7．What does Richard Karban really want to know? A．How tomato plants become aware of danger. B．What the chemicals in the snail slime are. C．Whether the research is of practical value. D．What the finding of the research is. A　[推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The research was comprehensive，he adds， but he wonders how the tomato plants felt chemicals in snail slime that never actually touched them”，并结合对最后一段的整体理解可推知，Richard Karban 实际上想了解的是 西红柿植株是如何意识到危险的，故选 A。] 8．What can be a suitable title for the text? A．Watchful Plants B．Greedy Animals C．A Snail's Approach D．A Defense Attack A　[标题判断题。根据文章中的关键词 plant，并结合对全文的整体理解可推知，本文 6 主要讲述的是有关植物的科学研究，研究发现植物有对外在威胁或攻击的自我保护性反应， 故选 A。] Ⅱ.阅读七选五 (2019·湖北省八市联考)In the super­fast paced world we live in，happiness may not come as easily as we wish.Here are some tips to make us live happily. Don't avoid or ignore negativity. __1__ This can include people in your life who may be bringing you down，a hostile workplace environment or even a personal stressor that you haven't conquered quite yet.You are in control of your environment and if these negative situations keep making an appearance，it's up to you to handle them. Take care of yourself and your needs. In order to live a powerful and meaningful life，you must love yourself.Take care of your actions and how you live each day，and this will be reflected in your thoughts and emotional state of mind.__2__ Mend what's broken or get rid of it. Determining what is worth your time and effort and what can be challenging.If situations are beyond repair， it's time to let go.Are there relationships or friendships that remain damaged but you know are worth the time？__3__Do what you can to find love in situations where it may have be absent in the past. __4__ Giving our time，energy，love and sometimes money is what life is about.__5__ My mom taught me a quote she learned in Mexico that stuck with me forever，“donde come uno，comen dos.(where one can eat，two can eat.)” It moves me every time I say it out loud.At the end of the day，no matter what you have you are likely in a position to give something small to someone else who needs it.Don't hesitate. A．Give back. B．Be positive. C．Fix them and find peace. D．Do more of what makes you happy. E．Love yourself fully in order to love others fully. F．Everything we put out into the world comes back to us. G．In order to conquer and overcome，it must be acknowledged. 【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要提出了几个怎样快乐生活的建议。 1．G　[根据小标题 Don't avoid or ignore negativity.并结合该段内容可推知，必须 7 先承认消极性才能战胜克服它。故选 G 项。] 2．E　[根据该段中的“you must love yourself”以及“Take care of your actions andhowyouliveeachday”可推知，E 项“为了充分地爱别人，要完全地爱自己”符合语境， 故选 E 项。] 3．C　[根据小标题 Mend what's broken or get rid of it.以及空前一句可知，修复 那些值得你花时间的关系或友谊，故选 C 项。] 4．A　[根据文章结构以及空处所在位置可知，空处为段落小标题，该段主要是讲去付 出。故选 A 项。] 5．F　[根据空前一句可知，生活就是付出我们的时间、精力、爱，有时是金钱，由此 可推知，空处应是讲有付出就会有回报。故选 F 项。] Ⅲ.语法填空 (2019·绵阳市第一次诊断)Adam Braun established the organization Pencils of Promise in 2008.Its goal is 1.________(make) sure all children have a chance for education. It all started when he was a college student.Adam Braun was visiting India when 2.________ girl stopped him on the street and asked for money.He asked her what she desired 3.________(much) of all in the world.Astonishingly，her answer was “a pencil”．The girl had never been to school before，and that was the 4.______(real) for 57 million children around the world. After graduation ， Adam Braun never forgot the girl and the problem of 5.________(her)．“We live in a world in which every single child can have access 6.________quality education.So I was determined to create schools in other places 7.________children are hungry for education.” Adam Braun began to raise money for his project through social media. “We are working hard to make sure that the program is not just beautiful photos and videos of children，but that we're 8.________(actual) seeing amazing results in the classroom.That's why our 9.________(kid)in Pencils of Promise schools progress fast from one grade to the next，” Braun said. Since then，it 10.________(help) more than 22,000 children in Africa，Asia and Latin America. 【语篇解读】　本文介绍 Adam Braun 建立了一个旨在帮助所有孩子接受教育的组织。 1．to make　[考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目标是确保所有的孩子都有机会接受教育。 8 此处用不定式作表语。] 2．a　[考查冠词。句意：Adam Braun 在印度游览时，一个女孩在街上拦住了他，向他 要钱。girl 为可数名词单数，且此处是第一次提到，故应用不定冠词 a。] 3．most　[考查副词的最高级。句意：他问她在世界上她最想要什么。根据句意及空后 的“of all”可知，此处表示“最想要”，故应用副词的最高级形式。] 4．reality　[考查名词。句意：这个女孩从来没有上过学，这是全世界 5 700 万孩子 的现状。此处定冠词“the”后应跟名词。reality 意为“事实，现实”。] 5．hers　[考查代词。句意：毕业后，Adam Braun 从来没有忘记这个女孩和她的问题。 介词 of 后应跟名词性物主代词，表示“她的”，故此处应用 hers。] 6．to　[考查介词。此处考查固定搭配 have access to sth.“有机会使用……”，故应 用介词 to。] 7．where　[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 other places，且在从句中作地点状语，故应用 where。] 8．actually　[考查副词。句意：我们努力确保这个项目不只是孩子们漂亮的图片和视 频，而是我们真正地看到课堂上令人惊叹的成果。修饰动词应用副词 actually。] 9．kids　[考查名词的单复数。句意：Braun 说，这就是在 Pencils of Promise 学校的 孩子们从一个年级到下个年级进步迅速的原因。根据句意及谓语动词 progress 可知，此处 应用 kid 的复数形式。] 10．has helped　[考查动词的时态。句意：从那时起，它已经帮助了非洲、亚洲和拉 丁美洲的 22 000 多名孩子。根据时间状语“Since then”可知，此处应用现在完成时。]