【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之四（17页word版）

【英语】2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之四（17页word版）

‎2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文话题10篇训练之四 ‎[一] ‎ Are you worried about moving up to Senior High school？It can be a new experience，but you shouldn’t worry. We’ve put together a guide on how to survive the first week.‎ You’re not alone!‎ Remember everybody else in your year is on the same boat. They may not realize it，but they’re just as nervous as you are. Moving to Senior High school is an opportunity，not a problem.Things are different and all you need to do is be polite and learn the new rules.‎ Teachers are ready to help!‎ If you’re unsure what to do or are worried about anything then you had better ask for help. Teachers are probably the best people to turn to as they’re experienced in helping new students. Some Senior High schools also have a “friends system”．If your school has this，then you will be paired with an older student. They will look out for you and help you if you have any problems or questions.‎ All change There are lots of differences between Junior High school and Senior High school.You’ll have a homework diary or a student planner. You will have your lessons with different teachers in different rooms. You will have homework for different subjects on different days，so make sure you get organised. Make sure you have a copy of your school timetable written down so you know which rooms your classes are in and on which days you will have your different subjects.‎ Other points If you’ve got an elder brother or sister at the school then ask them for advice.‎ Be yourself！It sounds simple，but people will know you much better ‎ if you just act naturally.‎ Having early nights makes a difference and you’ll find it easier to get up in the morning!‎ ‎21．Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence?‎ A．Other students have similar feelings to yours.‎ B．Other students have to learn boating with you.‎ C．Other students will help you solve your problems.‎ D．Other students will teach you politeness and new rules.‎ ‎22．The new students turn to teachers first when having problems because .‎ A．teachers won’t blame them as parents do B．teachers are good at helping solve problems C．teachers are equal to every student D．parents are too busy to help them ‎23．Which of the following is NOT true?‎ A．You can act in a natural way.‎ B．You should go to bed early enough.‎ C．You must focus on dressing properly.‎ D．You may ask your elder brother or sister for advice.‎ ‎24．What’s the purpose of the passage?‎ A．To tell students the importance of learning.‎ B．To warn students not to ignore friendship in Senior High school.‎ C．To make a difference when moving up to Senior High school.‎ D．To help new students to get used to the life in Senior High school.‎ 参考答案：21-24 ABCD ‎[2]‎ Many people catch a cold in the spring or fall. It makes us wonder… Why can’t scientists find a cure(疗法) for the common cold if they can send a man to the moon? The answer is easy. There are hundreds of kinds ‎ of cold viruses(病毒) out there. You never know which one you will get, so there isn’t a cure for each one. ‎ ‎ When a virus attacks your body, your body works hard to get rid of it. Blood rushes to your nose and brings congestion(堵塞) with it . You feel terrible because you can’t breathe well, but your body is actually “eating” the virus. Your temperature rises and you get a fever, but the heat of your body is killing the virus. You also have a runny nose to stop the virus from getting to your cells. You may feel miserable, but actually your wonderful body is doing everything it can to kill the cold. ‎ ‎ Different people have different ways of dealing with colds. In the United States and some other countries, for example, people might eat chicken soup to feel better. Some people drink warm water. Other people take medicine. ‎ ‎ There is one interesting thing to note—some scientists say taking medicine when you have a cold is actually bad for you. The virus stays in you longer because your body doesn’t have a way to fight with it and kill it. Bodies can do an amazing job on their own. There is a joke, however , on taking medicine when you have a cold. It goes like this:‎ ‎ It takes about 1 week to get over a cold if you don’t take medicine, but only 7 days to get over a cold if you take medicine.‎ ‎28. Why does blood rush to our nose when we have a cold?‎ A. To stop the runny nose. B. To make us breathe well.‎ C. To fight with the cold virus. D. To lower our body temperature.‎ ‎29. Which of the following can replace the underlined word “miserable”?‎ A. uncomfortable B. surprised C. worried D. frightened.‎ ‎30. What can we learn from the text?‎ A. Getting a fever is a dangerous thing.‎ B. American people never take medicine.‎ C. Chicken soup is a new cure for the cold.‎ D. Drinking warm water may make people feel better.‎ ‎ 31. What does the joke seem to tell us?‎ A. Taking medicine does harm to health.‎ B. Taking medicine makes a cold worse.‎ C. Taking medicine doesn’t work for a cold. ‎ D. Taking medicine helps us recover soon.‎ 参考答案：28-31: CADC ‎[三]‎ The listening skill is the key stone of developing interpersonal(人际的)relationships, but it is also one of the most ignored language skills in teaching environments. The lack of listening skills is a major challenge to children in the classroom. Then what can we do ?‎ l Teach them how to listen and show why it is necessary for good communication with others. Make it fun and try a new game：Tell them to talk, sit down and be quiet. Do it with them with about five seconds in between. Move it to 10 seconds and then 15. ‎ l Make another game out of it using a favorite doll. Storytelling is one of the best ways to practice this skill. Let the doll tell a story. Then let the children practice by holding the doll and let them tell a story. When you talk, show them how to pay attention and listen. When they talk, show them how you are quiet and pay attention. Take turns repeating the story to each other.‎ l Read to your child. Before you begin, tell the child you are going to zip(拉上拉链) their lips and then pretend(假装) to do it. Tell them you are going to lock the zipper and throw away the key. When they want to say something, get the pretend key and unlock the pretend lock and unzip the pretend zipper and let them talk.‎ l It’s a good idea to get started on this as soon as possible. If you do, interaction(互动) and communication at playgroups, in school and in many other places will be less stressful and more productive in the end. ‎ ‎24. What is usually ignored in the classroom?‎ A. The listening skill. B. The writing skill.‎ C. The teaching environment. C. The interpersonal relationship.‎ ‎25. How do kids practice listening in the second game?‎ A. By listening to a doll’s story. ‎ B. By showing how to pay attention. ‎ C. By telling some interesting stories.‎ D. By listening to a story and repeating it. ‎ ‎26. Why does the teacher pretend to zip the kids’ lips?‎ A. To please them. B. To draw their attention. ‎ C. To stop them form speaking. D. To teach them to remember key words.‎ ‎27. What is the best title of this text?‎ A. Learn skills by playing games.‎ B. Teach children how to communicate.‎ C. How to improve children’s listening skills.‎ D. What fun games should we play with children?‎ 参考答案：24-27: ADCC ‎[四]‎ Bark Cover Price: $19.80 Price: $15.00($2.50 / issue (期) ) You save: $4.80 (24%) Review: By Pat Kane I absolutely love Bark magazine! I love the “smiling” pages and the tips on every issue. I am a dog lover and have saved all of my dogs from either death row or from people who were going to put them down. Everyone should have a chance to live and Bark stresses that with its articles.‎ ‎ This magazine is a MUST HAVE for any dog lover!! Dog Fancy Cover Price: $54.00 Price: $14.99 ($1.25 / issue) You save: $39.01 (72%) Review: By Berner Mom Don't waste your money on this magazine. 60-70 percent of it are advertisements, and the articles offer little useful information. It might be suitable for children, but not adults who are serious about educating themselves about dogs. Dog World Cover Price: $48.88 Price: $14.99 ($1.25 / issue) You save: $33.89 (69%) Review: By one critic Dog World has many very interesting and thought-provoking (令人思考的) articles for people involved in dog showing, breeding(饲养), performance events, etc. However，over half of the magazine is devoted to breeder ads, which is boring. Still, as a whole, I recommend(推荐) it for the articles. Good articles, but tons of ads. Modern Dog Cover Price: $45.00 Price: $15.00 ($3.75 / issue) You save: $30.00 (24%) Review: By Dinah My new favorite magazine! Beautiful photos, smart and amusing articles, fashion, art, interviews with famous people… all with a dog focus！Cover models range from Paris Hilton and Tinkerbell to Virginia Madsen and her dogs. Thanks to Modern Dog I now know how to give a dog-friendly cocktail party and how to actually get my dog to come when she’s called. Surely worth checking out. 21. Which of the following magazines saves the most money？ A. Bark B. Dog Fancy C. Dog World D. Modern Dog 22. According to the text, Modern Dog ________. A. has lovely dog pictures on the cover ‎ B. is interesting but not helpful C. has some photos but no articles ‎ D. has interviews with famous people 23. The purpose of the text is to introduce _________. ‎ A. some cheap magazines B. different magazines for different readers C. some magazines about dogs ‎ D. information on raising dogs 参考答案：21~23 BDC ‎[五]‎ There are many reports that plastic has done harm to sea animals. Perhaps many people don’t think otherwise. But when you read the following report, what do you think of the main character and what he did?‎ ‎ Brigitte Barthelemy was walking along the seashore just north of France's Bordeaux wine region when she discovered a bottle lying among some seashells. Inside were two pieces of paper. One contained a hand-drawn picture of a seagull, while the other was a message showing how litter in the ocean is often deadly to the water birds.‎ The bottle is the brainchild of George Boorujy. From 2011-2013, the artist dropped over two dozen bottles into the ocean from a Staten Island beach in New York. Each contained an image of a water bird and a message similar to the one Brigitte found. Boorujy says he was inspired to take action after becoming aware of the effect the carelessly thrown plastic has on wildlife.‎ Researchers say that around 90% of seabirds have plastic in their stomachs. Many chicks（雏鸟）die because their mothers unintentionally feed them bits of plastic along with their food. Boorujy hopes his message will raise awareness about the danger that seabirds face. He also enjoys the opportunity to give away his art and create a unique experience for ‎ the finder.‎ Over the years, the artist has received calls from lots of people that have discovered his bottles. However, they were all found close to Staten Island, making Brigitte's discovery even more special.‎ No matter how the bottle reached France, its message has had a big influence on Brigitte. She not only plans to be more respectful of the environment but contacted（联系）the local bird association to see how they could help. While receiving a message in a bottle can certainly help inspire people, it should not be necessary to remind us how dangerous our careless habits are for the marine mammals（海洋哺乳动物）and seabirds. So remember to reuse, recycle and most importantly, reduce.‎ ‎25. Where did Brigitte find the bottle?‎ A. In Bordeaux. B. On a French beach. ‎ C. In New York. D. On Staten Island.‎ ‎26. What does the bottle found by Brigitte contain?‎ A.A seagull. B. Some seashells. C. A message. D. Some plastic.‎ ‎27. What does the author think of the bottles?‎ A. They can educate the finders. B. They are unnecessary.‎ C. They are a great way to show art. D. They cause danger to sea animals.‎ 参考答案： 25-27 BCA ‎ ‎[六]‎ Chinese paper cutting or ＂jianzhi＂ is the art of cutting paper designs, and the cut-outs are also used to decorate doors and windows, so they are sometimes called ＂chuang hua＂. Paper cutting has long been a symbol of Eastern charm.‎ There are symmetrical(对称的)designs that are usually created by some folding and cutting. When unfolded, it forms a symmetrical design. Chinese ‎ cut-outs are normally symmetrical and are usually in an even number series of 2, 4, 24,etc.‎ The oldest surviving paper cut-out is a symmetrical circle from the early 6th century found in Xinjiang, China. From the 7th to 13th century, paper cutting became popular especially during Chinese festivals. The art spread to the rest of the world in the 14th century. Throughout the Qing Dynasty many paper cutting skills were developed including drafting and the use of smoked papers. By the end of the Qing ruling, however, paper cutting was once on the decline because new art forms were being introduced. The Republic of China later tried to revive the art in the 1980s.‎ Today, paper cut-outs are chiefly decorative. They decorate walls, windows, doors, columns, mirrors, lamps and lanterns in homes and are also used on presents or are given as gifts themselves. Entrances decorated with paper cut-outs are supposed to bring good luck. Paper cut-outs used to be used as patterns, especially for embroidery(刺绣).‎ There are two methods of manufacture: one uses scissors, the other uses knives. In the scissor method, several pieces of paper — up to eight — are fastened together. The image is then cut with sharp, pointed scissors. Knife cuttings are fashioned by putting several paper on a relatively soft foundation consisting of a mixture of oil and ashes. Skilled crafters can even cut out different drawings freely without stopping.‎ ‎28.When can the existing oldest paper cutting date back to?‎ A. about 1 500 years ago. B. about 1 600 years ago.‎ C. about 1 400 years ago. D. about 600 years ago.‎ ‎29.The underlined word ＂revive＂ in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by ＂_______＂.‎ A. survive B. restore C. copy D. fix ‎30.Which of the following words can best summarize the last paragraph?‎ A. History. B. Origin. C. Uses. D. Process.‎ ‎31.What may be the best title of the text?‎ A. Paper — the Eastern Charm B. The History of Paper Cutting C.A Brief Introduction to Paper Cutting D. Paper Cutting — Unbelievable Skilled Crafters 参考答案：‎ 本文是一篇说明文。中国的剪纸艺术源远流长，距今已有1 500多年的历史。如今的剪纸主要用于装饰。剪纸过程简单但具有一定的文化特色。‎ ‎28. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的首句中的关键信息＂The oldest surviving paper cut-out...from the early 6th century found in Xinjiang, China＂可知，该艺术始于六世纪早期，即500年左右，故用2017年减去500年，即可推知距今约1 500年。‎ ‎29.B 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的 “paper cutting was once on the decline …The Republic of China later tried to revive the art in the 1980s.”可判断出此处表示在二十世纪八十年代复兴这一艺术，故restore“重新采用，恢复”符号语境。‎ ‎30. D 段落大意题。最后一段介绍了剪纸的两种方法，具体使用什么工具和怎样操作。由此可推知本段讲的是剪纸的过程，故用process概括此段较为合适。‎ ‎31.C【解析】标题归纳题。全篇从中国剪纸艺术的历史、用途以及过程等全方位阐述了Paper Cutting，故用A Brief Introduction to Paper Cutting作为文章标题最合适。‎ ‎[七]‎ China is going green. In order to reduce air pollution and oil-shortages, car makers have announced their plans to develop hybrid（混合燃料）cars for the Chinese market. Toyota’s hybrid car Prius will be ready to drive in China this week. Let’s have a look at the new car.‎ ‎ Any vehicle is a hybrid car when it combines two or more sources of power. Hybrid cars have special engines, which are smaller than traditional gasoline engine. They run at 99 percent of their power when the car is going at a steady speed. A specially designed battery motor provides extra power for running up hills or when extra speed-up is needed.‎ ‎ Step into a Prius, and turn on the engine. The first thing you notice is how much quieter it is than a traditional car. At this point, the car’s gasoline engine is at rest. The electric motor will provide power until the car reaches about 24 kilometers per hour. If you stay at a low speed,‎ ‎ you are effectively driving an electric car, with no gasoline being used, and no waste gas gives off.‎ ‎ The computer makes the decision about when to use a gas engine, when to go electric, and when to use a combination of the two. If you go over 24 kilometers per hour, when you step on the gas, you are actually telling the computer how fast you want to go.‎ ‎ The electronic motor recharges automatically using a set of batteries. When driving at a high speed, the gasoline engine not only powers the car, but also charges the batteries.‎ ‎ Any time you use the brake, the electric motor will work like a generator（发电机）and produce electricity to recharge the batteries. As a result, the car’s batteries will last for around 200,000 miles.‎ ‎ 32. Which of the following pictures can show how the power system of Prius works correctly?‎ ‎ （W—Wheel of the car, E.M—electric motor, G.E—gasoline engine, C—computer, B—batteries）‎ ‎ 33. What is the most important characteristic of hybrid cars?‎ ‎ A. They are powered by both a rechargeable battery and gasoline.‎ ‎ B. They have smaller engines than traditional gasoline ones.‎ ‎ C. They use only 99 percent of their power to run up hills.‎ ‎ D. They are much quieter than traditional cars.‎ ‎ 34. We can know from the report that ___________.‎ ‎ A. the batteries can be recharged at any time you want ‎ B. using the brake suggests that the gasoline engine should work ‎ C. the gasoline engine charges the batteries as well as powering the car ‎ D. the car’s batteries will last for around 200,000 miles without being recharged ‎ 35. The author writes this passage mainly to ___________.‎ ‎ A. announce plans to develop hybrid cars for the Chinese market ‎ B. let people know how to save their gasoline when driving a car ‎ C. teach people how to drive a hybrid car ‎ D. introduce a new kind of “green” car ‎ 参考答案：32-35．BACD ‎ ‎[八]‎ To us, it seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But in fact the umbrella was not invented as protection against the rain. Its first use was as a shade against the sun.‎ Nobody knew who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, back in the eleventh century BC. ‎ We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sunshade. And there was a strange thing connected with its uses: it became a symbol of honor and power. In the Far East in ancient times. the umbrella was allowed to be used only by those in high office or by royal people such as the kings or queens.‎ In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. The umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. but it is believed that ‎ the first people in Europe to use the umbrella as protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the middle ages in Europe. the use of the umbrella almost disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again It became a symbol of power.‎ Umbrellas have not changed much in style during all this time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that the umbrellas for women began to be made in all kinds of colors.‎ ‎28. Ancient people first used umbrellas as __________ .‎ A. a symbol of honor B a symbol of power C. protection against the sun D. protection against the rain ‎ ‎29. According to the passage, the umbrella was probably first used in accident ‎ A. Babylon B. China C. Egypt D. Rome ‎30. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?‎ A. The ancient Greeks used the umbrella in their daily life.‎ B. Europeans hardly used the umbrella during the middle ages.‎ C. The umbrellas for woman were made colorful in ancient times.‎ D. The style of the umbrella hasn't changed a lot since it was invented ‎31. What is the passage mainly about?‎ A. The sales of the umbrella. B. The differences among umbrellas.‎ C. The invention of the umbrella. D. The history and the use of the umbrella.‎ 参考答案：28-31CBCD ‎[九]‎ You know the saying "You're as young as you feel." Well, there may be some truth, according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts ‎ Institute of Technology.‎ Ellen Langer, a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body, and colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a person’s perception of their age might influence their health. They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psychological Science.‎ In one study that Langer led, 47 women had their hair done. The women who thought their new hairdos made them look younger did look younger to objective observers, who were shown before-and-after pictures. The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressure. Another study involving 4,421 men found that thise who became bald(秃顶)at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not. Similarly, another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease. “We believe that the feelings associated with being older than one’s real age account for some of these health outcomes,” the researchers wrote.‎ The researchers also described studies that found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who had children early, which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women. Similarly, people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners, according to other studies.‎ Taken together, the research “supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假说)that when a younger mind is prepared, a younger body can accompany it.” While the mechanism remains unclear, the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can “make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological processes that can have real effects on short-term and ‎ long-term health.”‎ ‎28. The underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 2 means .‎ A. view B. appearance C. Influence D. creation ‎29. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 3?‎ A. Blood pressure is highly related to hairdos. ‎ B. Feeling older than real age may be tied to health problems.‎ C. Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing.‎ D. The women who love hairdos look younger than those don’t.‎ ‎30. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that .‎ A. a younger mother is more likely to live longer B. the younger one of a couple lives much longer C. often staying with younger people can benefit people’s health D. people who want to live longer need to marry young ‎31. The passage mainly tells us that .‎ A. Getting bald too early is not good to marry young B. Women had better give birth later in their life C. Feeling younger to a couple is very important to their health D. People’s feeling of their age may have an effect on their own health 参考答案：28-31．ABCD ‎[十]‎ Have you ever heard of Iceland? Iceland is a country, one-tenth of which is covered with ice. However, it is said that Iceland is the land of heat. Smoking volcanoes (火山), white steam (蒸汽) and hot springs are more amazing than the other sights including ice there.‎ ‎ It has taken millions of years for volcanoes and lava flows (熔岩流) to build Iceland. When hiking through one of Iceland’s many ancient lava fields, you may notice something strange. White steam is rising from each vent in front of you. Iceland is covered with vents which steam can pass out of. The steam comes from naturally heated rocks and hot water below the Earth’s surface (表面).‎ ‎ Like steam vents, hot springs can be seen here and there in the ancient lava fields. Blue Lake is the most famous hot spring in Iceland. It isn’t far from the capital city of the country. The water and white earth in it can make your skin as soft as a newborn baby’s skin. Enjoy that water, because it has traveled a long way. It starts nearly two kilometers under Blue Lake. There, water from the ocean continues moving up slowly into the spaces between hot rocks below the surface. And then the water is heated by hot rocks. Powerful machines and long pipes (水管) help bring the heated water to the surface. People in Iceland use natural hot water for hot springs. Besides, they use it to create electricity that can be used to heat homes and even greenhouses.‎ ‎ Iceland is one of the few places on the Earth where active volcanoes lie below ice. Heat from the volcanoes creates a strange and wild beauty. Therefore, some people believe that it’s better to call the country “Heatland” instead of Iceland. If you have a chance to travel there, take it.‎ ‎28．From the passage, are the most amazing sights in Iceland.‎ A. smoking volcanoes and ice B. smoking volcanoes, white steam and hot springs C. heated rocks, hot springs and new lava fields ‎29．The underlined word “vent” in the passage means “ ” in Chinese.‎ A. 进入口 B. 回流口 C. 排放口 ‎30．The best title for this passage should be .‎ A. THE HISTORY OF ICELAND B. THE HOT SPRING OF BLUE LAKE ‎ C. THE HEAT IN ICELAND ‎ ‎ ‎【解析】科普类说明文阅读。短文大意：这篇短文重点介绍了冰岛的温泉的行程以及人们对于这些地热资源的应用情况。参考答案：28．B 29．C 30．C ‎28．根据第一段Smoking volcanoes (火山), white steam (蒸汽) and hot springs are more amazing than the other sights including ice there 描述，可知火山，蒸汽和温泉是冰岛最迷人的景色。故选B。‎ ‎29．联系前文White steam is rising from 描述，可知此处指的是蒸汽喷出的排放口。故选C。‎ ‎30．这篇短文重点介绍了冰岛的温泉的行程以及人们对于这些地热资源的应用情况。故选C。‎