专题03 形容词和副词（命题猜想）-2018年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题

专题03 形容词和副词（命题猜想）-2018年高考英语命题猜想与仿真押题

‎【考向解读】 ‎ 单项填空题对形容词和副词的考查重点是词义辨析、形容词和副词的比较、倍数关系以及形容词和副词在特殊语境中的应用等。对此考生还应掌握形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成方法及形容词作定语或表语这一基本考点。 ‎ ‎【命题热点突破一】形容词、副词的基本用法 ‎ 例1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)The Central London Railway was one of the most ________ (success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900.‎ ‎【解析】此处表示这些新开线路中最为成功的线路之一。设空位置在be动词was之后，且空前为the most，故用形容词successful。‎ ‎【答案】successful ‎【变式探究】(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Steam engines were used to pull the carriages and it must have been ________(fair) unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise.‎ ‎【变式探究】(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs(小树枝) which ________(gradual) turned into chopsticks.‎ ‎【解析】此处应用副词修饰动词。‎ ‎【答案】gradually ‎【变式探究】(2016·四川卷)Chinese scientists ________(recent) had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.‎ ‎【解析】根据句中结构可知，此处应用副词作状语。‎ ‎【答案】recently ‎【变式探究】(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)Instead，he hopes that his business will grow steady. ______________‎ ‎【解析】句意：相反，他希望他的公司会稳步扩大。题干中grow为实义动词“增加，扩大”，故应使用副词来修饰。‎ ‎【答案】steady→steadily ‎【变式探究】(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)At one time，I even felt my parents couldn't understand me so I hoped I could be freely from them. ______________‎ ‎【解析】句意：曾经有一段时间，我甚至感觉我的父母不理解我，所以我希望我能够摆脱他们。系动词be后应使用形容词来作表语，free from意为“摆脱……的，不受……影响的”。‎ ‎【答案】freely→free ‎【变式探究】 Listening is thus an active，not a ________，behavior consisting of hearing，understanding and remembering. ‎ A．considerate B．sensitive ‎ C．reliable D．passive ‎ ‎1．形容词(短语)、副词作状语 ‎ 形容词(短语)作状语，说明句子中主语或宾语的状态； 而 副词作状语一般情况下用来修饰句子的谓语动词或置于句首修饰全句，作评注性状语。 ‎ Thankfully，I managed to get through the game and the pain was worth it in the end.谢天谢地，我终于打完比赛了，所有的辛苦最终都是值得的。 ‎ Lighthearted and optimistic，she is the sort of woman to spread sunshine to people through her smile.她无忧无虑、 积极乐观，是那种用微笑给别人带来快乐的人。 ‎ ‎2．形容词、副词的顺序 ‎ ‎(1) 形容词作定语修饰由no，any，some和every构成的复合词，需要后置。多个形容词修饰名词的排列顺序：限定词 (these/those)＋序数词＋基数词/量词＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低＋形状＋年龄＋颜色＋来源 (American)＋材料＋用途(writing)＋名词。 ‎ It’s a charming small French clock,made of brass and dating from the nineteenth century. ‎ 这是一个迷人的小法国时钟，由黄铜制成，可以追溯到十九世纪。 ‎ ‎(2) 副词修饰形容词或其他副词时，一般位于被修 饰词 的 前面，但enough要放在被修饰词的后面。 ‎ Strangely enough，some famous scientists have the qualities of being both careful and careless. ‎ 很奇怪，一些著名的科学家具有细心和粗心双重特点。 ‎ ‎(3)副词修饰形容词的特殊词序：so/as/how/too/that＋形容词＋a(n)＋单数可数名词。 ‎ I make $2，000 a week and $60 surely won’t make that big a difference to me. ‎ 我一个星期挣2 000 美元,60美元对我而言没什么大的影响。 ‎ ‎3．出现在各种测试中的高频副词 ‎ ‎(1)though “虽然，然而”(2) therefore “因此”(3) instead “相反”(4) besides/moreover/furthermore “另外，而且， 除此之外”(5) however “然而，但是”(6)otherwise “要不 然，否则”(7) still “仍然，依然”(8) yet “然而，可 是”(9)thus “因而，于是”(10)anyway “无论如何”。 ‎ What a terrible experience！Anyway，you’re safe now— that’s the main thing.‎ 多么可怕的经历啊！不过你现在安全了——这是主要的事情。 ‎ Mike was usually so careful，yet this time he made a small mistake. ‎ Mike通常很仔细，但这次他犯了个小错误。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】 ‎ It’s our hope that we will play a greater role in the market place and，_______，supply more jobs. ‎ A．however B．anywhere ‎ C．therefore D．otherwise ‎ ‎【命题热点突破二】 形容词和副词的比较等级 例 2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Even ________ (bad)，the amount of fast food that people eat goes up.‎ ‎【解析】even常用来修饰形容词的比较级，故答案为worse。类似句式还有：what's worse(更糟糕的是)，worse still(更糟糕的是)。‎ ‎【答案】worse ‎【变式探究】(2016·全国卷Ⅱ改编)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别) those of ________(great) and less importance.‎ ‎【解析】考查形容词的比较级。根据语境及下文的“and less importance”可知，此处应用形容词的比较级来修饰importance，故填greater。‎ ‎【答案】greater ‎【变式探究】(2015·四川卷)Andy is content with the toy.It is the ________(good) he has ever got.‎ ‎【解析】句意：安迪很满意这个玩具。这是他至今得到的最好的玩具。根据句意可知，空格处用形容词的最高级，空格前的定冠词也是一个提示。‎ ‎【答案】best I think watching TV every evening is a waste of time—there are more meaningful things to do. ‎ 我认为每天晚上看电视是白费时间——有更有意义的事可以去做。 ‎ This is by far the most inspiring movie that I have ever seen. ‎ 这是我曾看过的最鼓舞人心的电影了。 ‎ ‎—Goods imported from abroad are not always better than those made in China. ‎ ‎——从国外进口的货物并不一定比产自中国的好。 ‎ ‎—Yes.Some of the goods made in our country are of high quality.‎ ‎——没错。我们国家生产的一些商品质量很高。 ‎ ‎—Of the two bags，which one do you prefer? ‎ ‎——你更喜欢这两个包中的哪一个？ ‎ ‎—The bigger one.It’s a most beautiful one，I think. ‎ ‎——大的那个。我觉得它非常漂亮。 ‎ Your story is perfect；I’ve never heard a better one before.‎ 你的故事太完美了，我从来没有听到比这好听的故事。 ‎ 如何分清比较级和最高级 ‎ ‎1．两个事物进行比较应用比较级，三个或三个以上事物进行比较应用最高级。做题时既要通过分析数量关系确定 使用 比较级还是最高级，又要注意通过句意和语境进行判断 ，因 为很多题目并没有直接说明是几者进行比较，而是把 数量隐 含在句意中。 ‎ ‎2．若题目为省略句，应根据语境和语意寻找被比较的对象,然后确定比较的范围。 ‎ ‎3. 使用比较级时比较的对象要一致：相同的对象可以比较,不同的对象不能进行比较。 ‎ The population of China is larger than that of any other ‎ country in the world.(人口与人口相比，要用代词that) ‎ 中国的人口比世界上任何其他国家的都多。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】‎ Linda kept weighing herself to see how much ________ she was getting. ‎ A．heavy B．heavier ‎ C．the heavier D．the heaviest ‎ 解析：考查形容词的比较级。句意：Linda不断地称自己的体重，想看看她胖了多少。根据句意，含有两者间的比较， much后应接形容词的比较级，不加定冠词the。 ‎ 答案：B ‎【命题热点突破三】倍数句型 ‎ It’s said that the power plant is now ________large as what it was. ‎ A．twice as B．as twice ‎ C．twice much D．much twice ‎ 解析：考查倍数表达法。句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以 前的两倍大。倍数表达法有多种，此 处考查的是 “倍 数 词＋as...as”结构，故选A。 ‎ 答案：A ‎ 表示倍数的句型 ‎ ‎1．A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B ‎ ‎2．A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B ‎ ‎3．A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B ‎ ‎4．A is＋倍数＋that/those of＋B ‎ ‎5．A is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 ‎ This restaurant wasn’t half as good as that other restaurant we went to. ‎ 这家饭店还不如我们以前去的那家饭店的一半好。 ‎ Americans eat more than twice as many vegetables per person today as they did in 1910. ‎ 美国人现在每个人吃的蔬菜是1910年的两倍多。 ‎ The output of cars in 2015 is four times greater than that of 2014.‎ ‎2015年小轿车产量是2014年的5倍。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】‎ Mary’s house in Nanchang cost much than ours，though not half________． ‎ A．so big B．much bigger ‎ C．very big D．as bigger ‎ 解析：此处表示“玛丽在南昌的房子不到我们家房子面积的 一半，却比我们家的房子贵得多”，完整的表示是“...cost much more than ours，though it is not half as/so big (as ours)．”。 ‎ 答案：A ‎ ‎【命题热点突破四】形容词、副词词义辨析 ‎ 例4．It was ________ of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried. ‎ A．careless B．considerate ‎ C．patient D．generous 形容词或副词词义辨析是目前高考试题中常见的一种考查形式。在备考时，注意掌握形容词或副词的多种含义，解题时，需要把词义和试题的具体语境相结合。 ‎ ‎1．近几年高考考查频率较高的形容词：accessible， adaptable，affordable，available，cautious，complex， confident，convenient，effective，essential，frequent， grateful，innocent，optimistic，potential，responsible，sensitive，spare，stable，thoughtful，unique，valuable，worthwhile，etc.。 ‎ ‎2．近几年高考考查频率较高的副词：actually，adequately.closely，definitely，especially，equally，eventually， fortunately，frequently，generally，gradually，hardly， merely，narrowly，punctually，seriously，surprisingly， thankfully，willingly，etc.。 ‎ ‎【变式探究】‎ ‎ (2015·高考安徽卷，T26)I’m so ________ to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily. ‎ A．special B．superior ‎ C．grateful D．attractive ‎ 解析：结合形容词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：我感激 (grateful)所有那些志愿者，因为他们帮助我愉快地结束了糟糕的一天。special特殊的；superior 更好的，有优越感的;attractive吸引人的。 ‎ 答案：C ‎【高考真题解读】‎ ‎1. (2017·全国新课标卷Ⅰ) However, he _______ (care) not to go to extremes.‎ ‎【答案】careful ‎【解析】考查形容词。此处为形容词作表语，故填careful“当心的”构成系表结构。‎ ‎2.（(2017·全国新课标卷Ⅱ) Steam engines 　were used　(use) to pull the carriages and it ‎ must have been 　6　(fair)unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. ‎ ‎【答案】fairly ‎【解析】考查副词。副词修饰形容词unpleasant，故在其前填fairly。‎ ‎3.（(2017·全国新课标卷Ⅱ) The Central London Railway was one of the most 　10　(success) of these new lines, and was opened in 1900. It had white-painted tunnels and bright red carriages, and proved extremely popular with the public.‎ ‎【答案】successful ‎【解析】考查词性转换。根据语境并结合空前的the most 可知，空处表达最高级意义。故填successful。‎ ‎4.（(2017·全国新课标卷Ⅲ) I don't want to get too absorbed in modeling. It is 　10　(certain) fun but the lifestyle is a little unreal. I don't want to have nothing else to fall back on when I can't model any more."‎ ‎【答案】certainly ‎【解析】考查副词。此处fun是名词，但空格处修饰整个句子，作状语，故填certainly。‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)They often get up earlier and water the vegetables together. ______________‎ ‎【解析】在做短文改错时，看到比较级要注意语境是否表示比较意义，本题由语境可知没有比较意义，故用副词原级。考生要注意early既可作形容词又可作副词。‎ ‎【答案】earlier→early ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)It was a relief and I came to a suddenly stop just in the middle on the road. ______________‎ ‎【解析】修饰名词stop应用形容词。注意与固定搭配come to a stop“停下”。类似的还有come to an end“结束”；come to a conclusion“得出结论，结束”。‎ ‎【答案】suddenly→sudden ‎7．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)I was so much nervous that I could hardly tell which direction was left. ______________‎ ‎【解析】此处为so...that...“如此……以至于……”结构。形容词前一般不用much修饰，除非是一些以a开头的作表语的形容词(alike，afraid，awake等)，much一般用于修饰形容词的比较级。‎ ‎【答案】去掉much ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，63)The title will be ________(official)given to me at a ceremony in London.‎ ‎1．officially　句意：这个头衔会在伦敦的典礼上正式地被授予我。修饰动词应用副词形式。‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，41)If you feel stressed by responsibilities at work，you should take a step back and identify(识别)those of ________(great)and less importance.‎ ‎2．greater　句意：如果你因为工作责任而感到有压力的话，那么你应该暂缓一下，识别哪些事情更重要，哪些不太重要。由and连接两个并列成分可知，great应与less并列，故用比较级greater。‎ ‎3．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，47)Recent studies show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks ________(regular)．‎ ‎3．regularly　句意：近期的研究表明，如果有规律地短暂休息，我们的工作效率会更高。形容词通常在句中作定语或表语。此处修饰动词短语take short breaks，需用副词。‎ ‎4．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，66)Food in small pieces could be eaten easily with twigs which ________(gradual)turned into chopsticks.‎ ‎4．gradually　句意：小块的食物用树枝更容易吃到，这样树枝就逐渐演变成了筷子。所填词修饰动词，所以用副词形式。‎ ‎5．(2016·四川，62)Chinese scientists ________(recent)had a chance to study a wild female panda with a newborn baby.‎ ‎5．recently　句意：最近，中国的科学家有机会研究一只带着新出生的熊猫宝宝的野生雌性大熊猫。在句中作状语应用副词形式。‎ ‎6．(2016·四川，63)She was a very ________(care)mother.‎ ‎6．caring/careful　句意：她是一位非常体贴的/细心的妈妈。修饰名词应用形容词形式。caring“体贴的，关心他人的”和careful“细心的”均符合语境。‎ ‎7．(2016·浙江，6)That young man is honest，cooperative，always there when you need his help.In short，he's ________(rely)．‎ ‎7．reliable　句意：那个年轻人很诚实，有合作精神，当你需要他的帮助的时候，他总会在那里。简而言之，他可以信赖。be 动词后面要接形容词作表语。‎ ‎8．(2016·浙江，18)I have always enjoyed all the events you organized and I hope to attend ________(many)in the coming years.‎ ‎8．more　句意：我一直很喜欢你组织的所有的活动，并且希望未来的几年里参加更多的活动。此处暗含比较意义，故用比较级形式。‎ ‎1.(2015·江苏，31)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and ‎ ‎(comprehension)review of the case.‎ 解析　句意：警方决定对该案件进行彻底和全面的审查。作名词review的定语要用其形容词形式。comprehensive 综合的，广泛的。‎ 答案　comprehensive ‎2.(2015·浙江，14)Listening is thus an active, not a (passively), behavior ‎ consisting of hearing, understanding and remembering.‎ 解析　句意：听是一种积极的，而不是消极的行为，它涉及听、理解和记忆。与前面的形容词active对应，也要用形容词形式，一起作名词behavior的定语。passive被动的，消极的。‎ 答案　passive ‎3.(2015·湖北，27)Even though the conference hall is near his apartment, he has to ‎ hurry a little if he wants to be (punctually).‎ 解析　句意：尽管会议大厅距他的公寓很近，想准时赶到，他必须快一点。作系动词be的表语要用形容词形式。punctual准时的。‎ 答案　punctual ‎4.(2015·湖北，28)I don't think what he said is (relevance)to the topic we are ‎ discussing.He has missed the point.‎ 解析　句意：我认为他说的与我们正在讨论的主题无关。他跑题了。作系动词is的表语要用形容词形式。relevant有关的；贴切的。‎ 答案　relevant ‎5.(2015·四川，7)Andy is content with the toy.It is the (good)he has ever got.‎ 解析　考查最高级和比较级。句意：Andy对这个玩具很满意，这是他曾得到的最好的玩具。根据句意应用最高级。‎ 答案　best ‎6.(2015·四川，9)Little Tom sat (amaze)watching the monkey dancing in front of him.‎ ‎7.(2015·安徽，26)I'm so (gratitude)to all those volunteers because they helped my terrible day end happily.‎ 解析　句意：我非常感激所有的志愿者，因为他们帮我把糟糕的一天变成了愉快的一天。be动词后跟形容词，be grateful to sb感激某人。‎ 答案　grateful ‎8.(2015·福建，23)It was (consider)of Michael to inform us of his delay in ‎ case we got worried.‎ 解析　句意：为了避免我们担心，米切尔告知我们他耽搁了，他想得很周到。be动词后用形容词，considerate体贴的；考虑周到的。‎ 答案　considerate ‎9.(2015·浙江，13)Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was (former)alive.‎ 解析　句意：如果我们知道一点食物来源的话，我们中的大多数人就会明白我们嘴里的每一口食物从前都是活着的。此处作时间状语，故要用副词形式。formerly以前，从前。‎ 答案　formerly ‎10.(2015·湖北，29)The girl used to be shy, but is (gradual)getting active in ‎ group work and is more willing to express herself.‎ 解析　句意：女孩一度很害羞，但是逐渐地她在分组工作表现得积极主动，变得更愿意表达自己了。在句中作状语修饰动词短语get active要用副词形式。gradually逐渐地，逐步地。‎ 答案　gradually ‎11.(2015·安徽，31)They gave money to the old people's home either (personal)or through their companies.‎ ‎12.(2014·福建，24)With online shopping increasingly popular，the Internet is seen as ‎ a(n) (efficiency) way of reaching target customers.‎ 解析　句意：随着网上购物的快速流行，网络被看作是获得目标消费者的最有效的方法。efficient“有效的”，修饰名词way。‎ 答案　efficient