专题01+名词与冠词（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

专题01+名词与冠词（易错起源）-2018年高考英语备考黄金易错点

‎【易错雷区，步步为赢】‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)She has turned down several ________ (invitation) to star at shows in order to concentrate on her studies.‎ ‎【解析】考查名词复数。根据句意可知Sarah已拒绝了好几个邀请，前面有several修饰，故用invitation的复数形式。‎ ‎【答案】invitations ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This development was only possible with the ____________ (introduce) of electricpowered engines and lifts.‎ ‎【解析】考查词性转换。空格前是the，后面应该是名词。故填名词introduction。‎ ‎【答案】introduction ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)Besides，they often get some useful informations from the Internet. ____________‎ ‎【解析】考查名词的用法。information为不可数名词，没有复数形式。‎ ‎【答案】informations→information ‎4.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The instructor kept repeating the word, “Speed up！” “Slow down！” “Turn left！” ____________‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ改编)They live far from the school，and it takes them about ________ hour and a half to go to work every day.‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词。后面的单词hour以元音音素开头。故用不定冠词an。此处也可用one表示“一个”。‎ ‎【答案】an/one ‎6．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)Around me in picture are the things that were very important in my life at that time：car magazines and musical instruments.‎ ‎【解析】考查冠词或限定词。根据语境可知这张照片是上文提到的照片，是特指。‎ ‎【答案】在picture前加the或this ‎7．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，61)But for tourists like me，pandas are its top ________(attract)．‎ ‎【答案】attraction　‎ ‎【解析】句意：但是对于像我一样的游客来说，大熊猫是最大的吸引。形容词top“头等的；最重要的”后面跟名词形式。‎ ‎8．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，69)The nursery team switches him every few ________(day)with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed...‎ ‎【答案】days　‎ ‎【解析】句意：护理团队每隔几天就把他和他的妹妹互换一下，这样当他们中的一个在被人工喂养的时候……。every few days“每隔几天”。‎ ‎9．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，42)Then，handle the most important tasks first so you'll feel a real sense of ________(achieve)．‎ ‎【答案】achievement　‎ ‎【解析】句意：然后，首先处理最重要的任务，那么你会感到真正意义上的成就。介词of后应用名词作宾语。‎ ‎10．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，46)Recent ________(study)show that we are far more productive at work if we take short breaks regularly．‎ ‎【答案】studies　‎ ‎【解析】‎ 句意：最近的研究显示如果我们有规律地进行短暂的休息的话，我们工作的效率会更高。study“研究”为可数名词，本句的谓语动词为show，说明主语应用名词复数studies。‎ ‎11．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，68)Some people think that the great Chinese scholar Confucius，who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B．C.，influenced the ________ (develop)of chopsticks.‎ ‎【答案】development　‎ ‎12．(2016·四川，65)Any smell might attract natural ________(enemy)that would try to eat the little panda.‎ ‎【答案】enemies　‎ ‎【解析】句意：任何气味都有可能吸引自然界中那些想要吃掉熊猫宝宝的敌人。根据常识可知，此处表示“吸引了自然界中的敌人”，故填可数名词enemy的复数形式。‎ ‎13．(2016·浙江，4)It is important to pay your electricity bill on time，as late ________(pay)may affect your credit.‎ ‎【答案】payments　‎ ‎【解析】句意：准时付电费很重要，因为支付晚了会影响你的信用。前面有形容词late修饰，此处应用名词形式，payment可用作可数名词，所以用复数形式。‎ ‎14．(2016·浙江，8)We can achieve a lot when we learn to let our _______ _(different)unite，rather than divide us.‎ ‎【答案】differences　‎ ‎【解析】句意：当我们学会“求同存异”，而不是“分崩离析”的时候，我们就能获得很多。物主代词our后面接名词，这里是指“我们的差异”，所以用复数形式。‎ ‎15．(2016·新课标Ⅰ，70)The nursery team switches him every few days with his sister so that while one is being bottlefed，________ other is with mum—she never suspects.‎ ‎【答案】the　‎ ‎16．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，48)Give your body and brain a rest by stepping outside for ________ while，exercising，or doing something you enjoy.‎ ‎【答案】a　‎ ‎【解析】句意：你可以先出去一会儿，通过锻炼或做些你喜欢的事情来让你的身体和大脑得到休息。for a while意为“一会儿”。‎ ‎【名师点睛，易错起源】‎ 易错起源1 望词生义 例1． We most prefer to say yes to the________of someone we know and like.(attempts, requests, doubts, promises)‎ 答案：requests　解析：本题结合名词词义辨析考查语境选词。句意：我们大都更愿意答应我们所了解和喜欢人的________。attempt尝试；request要求，请求；doubt怀疑；promise保证，允诺。由语境可知，只能是对别人的请求(requests)说yes，即：答应对方的请求。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 同义词、近义词甚至是形近词有着不同的含义和适用场合，要特别注意在特定语境中准确运用词汇和语法知识的能力。平时要努力扩大词汇量，做题时要深入理解语境，整体把握，结合句意作出最佳选择。‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ 名词词义辨析是高考的热点，主要考查考生结合语境区分词义的能力，因而在记忆单词时，一定要结合语境体会其意义。如近几年高考中常出现的：‎ ‎(1)expectation(期望)；reputation(声誉)；contribution(贡献)；civilization(文明)‎ ‎(2)accommodation(住宿)；occupation(职业)；adaptation(适应，改编)；appreciation(欣赏)‎ 易错起源2 误用冠词 例2、I can't tell you ________ way to the Wilsons' because we don't have ________ Wilson here in the village.‎ ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ ‎1．用于表示泛指或一般意义的物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词、复数名词等之前。‎ Knowledge begins with practice.‎ 知识从实践开始。‎ Teachers should be respected.‎ 教师应该受到尊重。‎ ‎2．东、西方都有的节日名称前不用冠词，如：New Year's Day, Christmas, National Day, Army Day等；但中国的节日一般用定冠词，如：the Spring Festival, the MidAutumn Festival等。‎ ‎3．月份、日期前一般不用冠词，如：in October, on March 8等。‎ ‎4．三餐名词前不用冠词，如：have breakfast/lunch/dinner等。‎ 但有定语修饰时需加不定冠词，如：have a big breakfast，have a wonderful lunch等。‎ ‎5．表示体育运动的名词前不用冠词，如：play football/cards/chess等；但乐器名词前需加定冠词，如：play the violin/the piano等。‎ ‎6．用于作表语、补足语、同位语的唯一职位名词前。‎ John is captain of the team.‎ 约翰是这个队的队长。‎ They elected him president of the society.‎ 他们选他为协会会长。‎ ‎7．用于表示“变成”的turn后、作表语的单数名词前。‎ He was a teacher before he turned writer.‎ 他成为作家之前是教师。‎ ‎8．用于让步状语从句倒装的单数可数名词前。‎ Child as he is (＝Although he is a child), he knows a lot.‎ 他虽然是个孩子，但懂得很多。‎ ‎9．用于某些用介词by构成的表方式的短语中。‎ by bus 乘公共汽车 by plane/by air 乘飞机 by land 走陆路 by sea 走海路 by phone 用电话 by letter 用信件 by post 用邮寄 by hand 用手工 ‎10．用于某些独立主格结构中。‎ The teacher came in, book in hand (＝with a book in his hand)．‎ 老师走了进来，手里拿着书。‎ ‎【锦囊妙计，战胜自我】‎ 冠词运用一定要注意语境。‎ 易错起源3 序数词、比较级、最高级前误用定冠词 例3．His English is ________ second to none. And he is going to learn ________ second language in ________ second grade.‎ A．/；a；the B．the；the；a C．/；the；a D．a；the；the ‎【答案】A　 【解析】second to none“首屈一指”是固定短语，second前不加冠词；second前加不定冠词表示“又一，再一”；the second grade表示“二年级”。故正确答案为A。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ ‎1．泛指某一类人或物中的任何一个。‎ A teacher shouldn't talk like that.‎ 教师不应当那样讲话。‎ ‎2．用于序数词前表示“又一”“再一”。用于形容词最高级前意为“很，非常”。‎ We'll have to do it a second time.‎ 我们得再做一次。‎ He is a most wise man.‎ 他是一个十分明智的人。‎ ‎3．用于具体化了的抽象名词前。‎ He was a success in business.‎ 他是事业成功人士。‎ ‎4．在专有名词前表示“某一个”“类似的一个”。‎ A Mr. Smith wants to see you.‎ 一位史密斯先生想见你。‎ ‎5．用于of短语中表示“同一”(＝the same)。‎ Tom and Kate are of an age.‎ 汤姆与凯特同岁。‎ 易错起源4 名词固定搭配 例4．The smallest good habits can make a big ________.‎ 答案：difference　解析：make a difference“有影响，起作用”，为固定搭配。‎ ‎【名师点睛】‎ 高考考查名词构成的固定搭配主要有两类：“动词＋名词”和“介词＋名词”。如：have a good reputation，take advantage of和in great demand, in quantity.‎ 在处理此类题目时，一要读懂句子的题干意义，二要注意短语的构成和意义以及不同语境下的应用。‎ 易错起源5 名词的一词多义与熟词新义 例5、—Why do you choose to work in an international travel agency?‎ ‎—Well, you know, English is my ________. So it is my best choice.(strength, talent, ability, skill)‎ ‎ 【名师点睛】‎ 名词的一词多义与熟词新义是考查的重点和难点，因此在复习过程中，要注意学会在语境中掌握同义词的细微差别，全面掌握词汇的多层含义。如interest既要知道它有“兴趣，趣味”的意思，又要知道它的另一层意思：“利益；好处”。‎