2021高考英语一轮复习Unit2TheUnitedKingdom课时作业 人教版必修5

2021高考英语一轮复习Unit2TheUnitedKingdom课时作业 人教版必修5

Unit 2　The United Kingdom Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎[2020·桂林市、崇左市联合模拟考试]The world is a greener place than it was 20 years ago. A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent (显著的) in China and India. The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture. The effect comes mostly from ambitious treeplanting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries.‎ ‎“China and India account for onethird of the greening，” said lead author Chi Chen of Boston University. “That is a surprising finding, considering the vague idea of land degradation (毁坏) in populous countries from overexploitation，” added Chen.‎ China alone accounts for 25 percent of the global net increase in leaf area with only 6.6 percent of global vegetated area. The greening in China is from forests (42 percent) and croplands(32 percent), but in India, it is mostly from croplands (82 percent) with the minor contribution from forests (4.4 percent)．‎ China's outsized contribution to the global greening trend comes in large part from its programs to conserve and expand forests with the goal of preventing land degradation, air pollution, and climate change.‎ ‎“Once people realize there is a problem, they tend to fix it，” said Rama Nemani, research scientist and coauthor of the study. “In the 1970s and 80s in India and China, the situation around vegetation loss was not good. In the 1990s, people realized it, and today things have improved. Now we see that humans are contributing.”‎ Land area used to grow crops is comparable in China and India — more than 770,000 square miles — and has not changed much since the early 2000s. Yet these regions have greatly increased both their annual total green leaf area and their food production.‎ This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year. Production of grains, vegetables, fruits and more has increased by about 35%～40% since 2 000 to feed their large - 8 -‎ ‎ populations.‎ ‎1．What did the study mainly find?‎ A．India and China are leading the global greening effort.‎ B．Intensive agriculture is the cause of global land degradation.‎ C．China and India has got the largest forest coverage in the world.‎ D．Agriculture is more helpful in expanding green areas than treeplanting.‎ ‎2．How is China different from India in contributing to the global greening?‎ A．India reduced croplands to prevent the overexploitation.‎ B．India increased forest by planting around croplands.‎ C．China changed more lands into forest by planting trees.‎ D．China controlled the increase of its population.‎ ‎3．What does Nemani think about humans in China and India in protecting the Earth?‎ A．Ambitious.　　　　　　　B．Responsible.‎ C．Passionate. D．Tolerant.‎ ‎4．What does the passage finally suggest humans should make good use of?‎ A．Forest. B．Trees.‎ C．Croplands. D．Food.‎ B ‎[2020·山西六校第二次阶段性测试]In 2013, Gabby Frost founded Buddy Project when she was 15. At that time, her best friend had been diagnosed (诊断) with a mental health condition, and that was the first time she was made aware of what mental illness was. She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her.‎ Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year, yet only half receive treatment, according to the National Institutes of Mental Health. Buddy Project's website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help.‎ Since founding the organization as a high school student, Frost has helped more than 200,000 participants find a new friend. On the day when Buddy Project was launched, she used her powerful social media presence to attract nearly 3,000 participants. “This was around the time when teens really began talking about mental health and found a supportive community online to talk about it，” she said.‎ One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15yearold girl, and even now, she's still a - 8 -‎ ‎ young woman. “Sometimes it's frustrating because people don't think what I do is needed or they don't think I'm professional，” she said. “Most people are blown away that a 20yearold girl is running this and that it's one person doing this but not a whole team. I'm just lucky that I've found a support system that has been able to help my mom and me with the project.”‎ ‎5．Why did Gabby Frost set up Buddy Project?‎ A．To treat her mental disease.‎ B．To know what causes mental illness.‎ C．To help her friend to fight the mental disease.‎ D．To cure those with mental disease.‎ ‎6．What can we infer from paragraph 2?‎ A．Americans pay little attention to mental health.‎ B．Many Americans have trouble with mental health.‎ C．Buddy Project provides financial aid for patients.‎ D．Buddy Project can cure those with mental disease.‎ ‎7．What problem did Frost face?‎ A．She couldn't get support from her mother.‎ B．She couldn't help so many patients at a time.‎ C．She wasn't able to attract enough participants.‎ D．She wasn't thought well of because of her age.‎ ‎8．How do most people feel about young Frost's running the project alone?‎ A．Completely defeated. B．Totally convinced.‎ C．Strongly impressed. D．Fully satisfied.‎ Ⅱ.七选五 ‎[2020·成都诊断]Society tells us that you can't teach an old dog new tricks. But it doesn't have to be that way. A new study published in Human Development points out that using a proper approach to learning can help people of any age take on and rise to new challenges. __1__‎ Venture outside your comfort zone. As adults, we tend to use similar skills day in and day out: We take jobs in fields we're already good at, drive the same routes to the same places, and fall into routines we're comfortable with. __2__ Switching to something more challenging may have more cognitive benefits.‎ ‎__3__ A fear of making mistakes is another reason adults are so slow to learn new things; if we try and fail, we can face criticism, lose money, or get fired. That's - 8 -‎ ‎ why it's important to build up a support network of people — at work and at home — who allow you to make mistakes and learn from them.‎ Make a serious commitment and don't give up. __4__ If you can afford it, spending money on a new pursuit — for example, booking a trip to Rome to practice your Italian — might also make it harder to throw in the towel.‎ Learn more than one thing at once. We tend to zero in on one hobby or one skill. But dividing that time and energy into three or four areas will stretch your brain in all different directions. __5__ For example, maybe you started learning a new language in 2018, and this year you add singing lessons, and next year you try something else. You can add things gradually based on what you can handle.‎ A．Turn to your friends and family.‎ B．The following strategies will do the trick.‎ C．Surround yourself with encouraging people.‎ D．Telling friends about your new goal can help keep you motivated.‎ E．But all this familiarity limits the parts of the brain we're using regularly.‎ F．That doesn't mean you should start all the new challenges all at once, though.‎ G．So feeling comfortable can reduce stress and make you happier and more productive.‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 ‎[2020·潍坊市统一考试]There is a saying that goes, “All roads lead to Rome.” Roads were essential for the 1.________ (grow) of the Roman Empire. These roads enabled the Romans to move armies 2.________ (efficient). At its peak, the Roman road system 3.________ (cover) 53,000 miles and contained about 372 links. The Romans were good at constructing these roads, 4.________ were called viae (路)．‎ Prepared viae began in history as the streets of Rome. The Law of the Twelve Tables (十二铜表法), 5.________ (date) back to approximately 450 B．C., explains that a road shall be 8 feet wide where straight and 16 feet where curved. According to the Tables, Romans are commanded 6.________ (build) roads that would not need frequent repair.‎ The Romans had 7.________ preference for standardization whenever they could. A golden milestone was set up. 8.________ this milestone were listed all of the cities in the empire and the distances to them.‎ - 8 -‎ Roman roads 9.________ (consider) very important in maintaining both the stability and the expansion of the empire at that time. Even after over 1,000 years, these roads are still used. During the fall of the Roman Empire, the same roads offered 10.________ (avenue) of invasion to the foreigners. This contributed to the Roman military ruin.‎ 课时作业(二十二)‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：中国和印度对“绿色地球”的贡献 ‎【语篇解读】　研究发现，由于中国的植树造林计划和中印两国的集约农业，地球与二十年前相比更加翠绿了。‎ ‎【难句分析】　A study published in the journal Nature Sustainability said that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的)in China and India.(Para.1)‎ 分析：该句为主从复合句。句中published in the journal Nature Sustainability为过去分词短语作名词A study的后置定语；that recent satellite data reveals a greening pattern that is prominent(显著的) in China and India为that引导的宾语从句，作及物动词said的宾语，其中“that is prominent(显著的)in China and India”为that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a greening pattern，关系词在从句中作主语。‎ 译文：发表在《自然－可持续发展》杂志上的一项研究称，最近的卫星数据显示，中国和印度的绿化模式非常显著。‎ ‎1．A　考查细节理解。根据第一段第三句“The study shows that human activity in China and India dominates this greening of the planet, thanks to tree planting and agriculture”可知，由于植树造林和集约农业，中国和印度正主导着地球绿化的进程，故A项正确。‎ ‎2．C　考查细节理解。根据第一段尾句“The effect comes mostly from ambitious treeplanting programs in China and intensive agriculture in both countries”并结合第三段中的数据可知，地球绿化主要来自中国的植树计划和中印两国的集约农业。据此可知，中国与印度在绿化地球方面的不同之处是中国的植树造林计划，故C项正确。‎ ‎3．B　考查推理判断。根据第五段中Rama Nemani说的话可知，Rama Nemani认为，二十世纪七八十年代，印度和中国的植被流失情况严重；二十世纪九十年代，人们意识到了这一点并努力改善；现在他们正在作贡献。据此可推知，Rama - 8 -‎ ‎ Nemani认为在保护地球方面，中国和印度的人们是负责的，故B项正确。‎ ‎4．C　考查推理判断。根据尾段第一句“This was achieved through multiple cropping practices, where a field is replanted to produce another harvest several times a year”可知，产量提高是通过复种来实现的，在复种过程中，一块土地每年会被重新种植几次，这样在增加绿化面积的情况下也提高了产量。据此可推知，文章建议充分利用农田，故C项正确。‎ B 体裁：记叙文　题材：个人经历　主题：Buddy Project ‎【语篇解读】　本文是记叙文，讲述了Cabby Frost在15岁的时候为了帮助自己的朋友战胜心理疾病而成立了Buddy Project。Buddy Project帮助了很多有心理健康问题的人。尽管遇到了很多的困难，但她仍坚持不懈。‎ ‎【难句分析】　One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15yearold girl, and even now, she's still a young woman.‎ 分析：本句包含了一个定语从句she had to jump over，一个表语从句that people didn't view her seriously和一个原因状语从句because she was a 15yearold girl。‎ 译文：她必须跨越的最大的社会障碍之一是，因为她是一个15岁的女孩，人们不把她当回事，即使现在，她仍然是一位年轻的女性。‎ ‎5．C　考查细节理解。由第一段中的“She wanted to learn more and develop a good support system for her”及第二段中的“Buddy Project's website says the service is not a substitute for therapy (治疗) or other types of mental health care, and it directs people to resources for further help”可知，她是为了帮助朋友与心理疾病抗争才成立了Buddy Project。故答案为C。‎ ‎6．B　考查细节理解。根据文章第二段第一句中的“Mental illness affects tens of millions of people in the United States each year”可知，在美国，很多人都有心理健康方面的问题，故答案为B。‎ ‎7．D　考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“One of the biggest social barriers she had to jump over was that people didn't view her seriously because she was a 15yearold girl, and even now, she's still a young woman”和“people don't think what I do is needed ... professional”可知，她面临的一个问题是人们因为她的年龄而不把她当回事儿，认为她不专业，故答案为D。‎ ‎8．C　考查观点态度。根据题干可知，本题解题依据是文章最后一段中的“Most people are blown away that a 20yearold girl is running this and that it's one person doing this but not a whole team. I'm just lucky that I've found a support system that has - 8 -‎ ‎ been able to help my mom and me with the project”，而理解are blown away就可以解题。根据语境可知，大多数人对一个20岁的女孩独自(而不是靠一个团队)运营这个项目这一事实应感到惊讶、钦佩或印象深刻，故C项最能体现大多数人的心理。‎ Ⅱ.七选五 体裁：说明文　题材：社会生活　主题：如何迎接新的挑战 ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了几个迎接新的挑战的策略。‎ ‎1．B　文章第二至第五段分别给出了迎接挑战的策略。由此可知，该空承上启下，故选B。‎ ‎2．E　根据空前一句可知，我们倾向于日复一日地用相似的技能：从事我们擅长的领域的工作，开车走相同的路线，去相同的地方，做我们觉得舒服的事；结合空后的“Switching to something more challenging”可推知，这种熟悉限制了我们正在经常使用的大脑的部分。故选E。‎ ‎3．C　空处为本段的主题句，通读本段可知，本段讲述的是寻找支持你的人的重要性，故C项符合语境。‎ ‎4．D　根据该空前一句可知，做出一个严肃的承诺并且不放弃；由此可推知，空处应是表明向谁承诺以及承诺做出后的作用。故D项符合语境。‎ ‎5．F　根据本段首句可知，一次可以多学点东西；空后一句是说，比如，你可能在2018年开始学一门新的语言，今年你添加了歌唱课，下一年你尝试其他的东西；由此可知，F项“但是这并不意味着你应该一次性开始所有新的挑战”符合语境。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 体裁：说明文　题材：历史文化　主题：罗马帝国的陆路系统 ‎【语篇解读】　本文主要介绍了罗马帝国的陆路系统。‎ ‎1．growth　考查词形转换。与该句中的定冠词“the”和“of”呼应可知，此处应用其名词形式，即growth。‎ ‎2．efficiently　考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词efficiently修饰动词move。‎ ‎3．covered　考查动词的时态。与语境中的“contained”呼应可知，此处指的是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时，即covered。‎ ‎4．which　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，修饰表示物的先行词these roads，故用which。‎ ‎5．dating　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，动词短语date back to和句子主语The Law of the Twelve Tables是逻辑上的主谓关系，故用date的现在分词形式dating。‎ ‎6．to build　考查非谓语动词。根据固定用法command sb. to do sth.“命令某人做某事”，此处应用不定式作宾语补足语。‎ - 8 -‎ ‎7．a　考查冠词。根据语境可知，此处“preference”意为“偏爱”，可作可数名词，其前无限定词修饰，且其发音以辅音音素开头，故用不定冠词a。‎ ‎8．On　考查介词。根据语境可知，此处表示“在石碑上”，故用介词On。本句是一个倒装句，即介词短语置于句首时，句子全部倒装。‎ ‎9．were considered　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知，consider和句子主语Roman roads构成被动关系，且与时间状语“at that time”呼应可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态，即were considered。‎ ‎10．avenues　考查名词的单复数。avenue是可数名词，且其前没有限定词修饰，故用其复数形式。‎ - 8 -‎