专题09 阅读理解主旨大意题（冲关押题训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

专题09 阅读理解主旨大意题（冲关押题训练）-备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈

备战2018年高考英语大题冲关秘笈 专题09 冲关押题训练 Passage1‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 主动射击训练虚拟现实程序 ‎345‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 You’re in your office when you learn there’s someone with a gun wandering outside. You can hear gunshots and screams. What do you do?‎ ‎ That’s the challenge for users of a new virtual (虚拟)reality program called SurviVR, designed to train employees how to deal with an active shooter situation in the workplace. The program works with HTC Vive, the virtual reality headset released earlier this year.‎ ‎ An active shooter situation is when an armed person or people actively shoot in a small, populated area with the intention to kill. There were 20 such situations in the United States last year and 20 the year before, according to FBI statistics, resulting in a total of 231 deaths. This year saw the deadliest active shooter situation in US history, with 49 people killed in a nightclub in Orlando.‎ ‎ In the training situation, users have four choices. They can lock themselves in the office. They can hide, perhaps in the office closet. They can run for an exit. Or they can use something in the office—a computer or a cup a pair of scissors-as a weapon to fight the shooter. This is an improvement on standard active shooter training. Gallo says, which typically teachers people to lock themselves in place and hide. The ＂lock down＂ method is often ineffective, he says, and has resulted in many deaths in recent years.‎ ‎ In the training’s basic level, no one gets killed. But as the trainings become more advanced, players who make a wrong choice be shot. There’s no blood; the screen simply turns black slowly.‎ ‎ If this sounds terrifying, that’s the point, says Gallo. There are plenty of training ‎ programs to teach employees how to deal with workplace violence, sometimes involving role play with toy guns. But these trainings are basically games. Gallo says, with employees relaxed and even enjoying themselves. To teach people what they really need to know for an active shooter situation, they need to be scared.‎ ‎ ＂SurviVR will take the fear and turn it into confidence.＂ Gallo says.‎ ‎1. What’s the author’s purpose of describing a dangerous scene in Para. 1?‎ ‎ A. To attract the readers’ attention on the new virtual reality program.‎ ‎ B. To show the challenge that the readers are required to face.‎ ‎ C. To warn the readers of the possible dangers in the working place.‎ ‎ D. To inform the readers of the correct response in such a situation ‎2. What is the suggested response in the standard active shooter training?‎ ‎ A. Fighting the shooter ‎ ‎ B. Running for the exit ‎ C. Using a computer as a weapon ‎ ‎ D. Locking down ‎3. What does Gallo think of the training programs involving role play with toy guns?‎ ‎ A. Searing B. Violent ‎ ‎ C. Ineffective D. Helpful ‎4. What would be the best title?‎ ‎ A. A New Virtual Reality Program on Active Shooter Training ‎ B. What Should You Do When Meeting Gunshots in the Workplace?‎ ‎ C. How to Deal with an Active Shooter Situation?‎ ‎ D. Employees Need to Be Scared of the Workplace Violence.‎ ‎ 【语篇解读】文章介绍一种新的主动射击训练虚拟现实程序，教人们遇到办公室暴力犯罪的时候如何应对。‎ ‎1. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的句子＂That’s the challenge for users of a new virtual (虚拟)reality program called SurviVR,＂可知，作者描述危险的场景是为了吸引读者对新的虚拟现实项目的注意。故选A。‎ ‎3. C【解析】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子＂There are plenty of training programs to teach employees how to deal with workplace violence, sometimes involving role play with toy guns. But these trainings are basically games. Gallo says, with employees relaxed and even enjoying themselves.＂可知，Gallo 认为涉及 玩具枪的角色扮演的训练课程是无效的。故选C。‎ ‎4. A【解析】标题判断题。根据文章内容可知，文章介绍一种新的主动射击训练虚拟现实程序，教人们遇到 办公室暴力犯罪的时候如何应对。A New Virtual Reality Program on Active Shooter Training 是合适的标题。‎ Passage2‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 美国非营利组织Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter ‎353‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ Gregory Talley used to sleep in a park or under a bridge. The 50-year-old has been homeless for more than 10 years.‎ ‎ "It is hard. It's hard to live homeless. You filled every day trying to find out where you are going to get something to eat. If I hadn't found wonderful Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter, I wouldn't know where I would be by now. I might be dead," Talley said.‎ ‎ The Kennedy Shelter is one of the facilities New Hope Housing provides for homeless people.‎ ‎ Pam Michell has devoted her life to making the lives of this vulnerable (易受伤的)population better as executive director of the non-profit organization.‎ ‎ "I went to Africa in 1985. And I saw a huge amount of poverty, but I saw so much hope. And I decided that I should try to do something that would bring hope to people," Michell said.‎ ‎ When Michell began working with New Hope Housing 25 years ago, its three shelters had about 80 beds. Now, it has 350 beds and serves about 1,500 homeless people every year. She has expanded the program beyond just providing beds for the night.‎ ‎ "We do outreach(拓展), we do prevention, we do permanent housing, we do transitional housing. We have an education program with all sorts of different things to move people to end their homelessness," she said,"Our Out of Poverty program is not just about money. It's about you could be spiritually poor, you could be relationship poor ... you could be educationally poor. So it is focusing on how you get out of this poverty that has brought you to being homeless." The program tries to teach the shelter residents self-reliance (自立) and work values, and includes courses on planning and personal responsibility.‎ ‎ "l learned I still have opportunities to change it and I can change it," said shelter resident Lewis Webster. "It is just about going forth in doing necessary work to do it. I mean if you really want better, you would do better and that's the frame of mind of me now."‎ ‎1. Gregory Talley’s story is told at the beginning of the text to _________ .‎ ‎ A.tell readers the situation for the poor in the US is getting worse ‎ B.introduce a non-profit organization that is trying to help the poor in the US ‎ C.disclose the truth that more and more homeless people are dying from hunger ‎ D.remind readers that the homeless people in the US have no trouble getting food ‎2. According to Paragraph 6. Pam Michell started to bring hope to the homeless by ________ .‎ ‎ A.providing clothes for them ‎ ‎ B.offering food for them ‎ ‎ C.building new houses for them ‎ D.offering them shelters for the night ‎3. What is the final purpose of the education program?‎ ‎ A.To tell the homeless people the ways to make money.‎ ‎ B.To help the homeless people find the causes of their poverty.‎ ‎ C.To encourage the homeless to work and rely on themselves.‎ ‎ D.To teach the poor how to live a better life in the shelters.‎ ‎4. What may be the best title for the text?‎ ‎ A.Comfort in the Kennedy Shelter ‎ ‎ B.Ways to achieve success ‎ C.An Opportunity to Fight Homelessness ‎ D.An Organisation to End Homelessness ‎ 【文章大意】文章介绍美国非营利组织Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter帮助无家可归者结束流浪生活。‎ ‎1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段的句子“If I hadn't found wonderful Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter, I wouldn’t know where I would be by now. I might be dead”可知，文章开头介绍Gregory Talley的故事是 为了介绍一个努力帮助穷人的美国非盈利组织。故选B。‎ ‎2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第六段的句子“She has expanded the program beyond just providing beds for the night.”可知，Pam Michell一开始给无家可归的人提供夜晚的住宿，故选D。‎ ‎4. D【解析】标题判断题。根据文章和第三段的句子“The Kennedy Shelter is one of the facilities New Hope Housing provides for homeless people.”可知，文章介绍美国非营利组织Fairfax County Kennedy Shelter帮 助无家可归者结束流浪生活。故选D。‎ Passage3‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 丘吉尔的一些奇闻轶事 ‎ 347‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ Winston Churchill is probably the most popular British prime minister ever. Having served as a soldier and politician, he is often considered among the greatest of Britons. While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.‎ His Cigars ‎ The classic image of Winston Churchill includes a giant cigar stuck between his lips. Churchill developed his love of cigars as a young man, when he traveled to Cuba. For the rest of his life, he smoked eight or nine cigars every day. However, he almost never took a puff(吸，抽), preferring to chew on the end until it went out, then relight it and start again. To prevent the cigar becoming soggy (湿软的), Churchill invented the ＂bellybando＂, a strip of brown paper which could be glued around the end.‎ ‎ At any given time, Churchill had 3,000 to 4,000 cigars in his house, mostly his favorite Romeo & Juliet brand. On one occasion, the president of Cuba presented Churchill with 2,400 top-quality cigars, although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison. Perhaps the story that best shows his love of cigars occurred during World War II, when he had a special oxygen mask designed so that he could still smoke his cigar on a high-altitude flight.‎ His Black Dog ‎ Throughout his life, Churchill probably suffered from depression, which he called his ＂black dog＂. At times, his depression was so severe that he didn’t like standing close to a ‎ passing train or looking at the ocean from a ship because he feared that he would commit suicide.‎ ‎ When he was depressed, Churchill would almost spend a great deal of time in bed and lose his ability to concentrate. However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning. He often described how ＂all the colors come back into the picture＂.‎ ‎1. Why did Churchill’s security team insist on checking the cigars?‎ ‎ A. To test if they were safe for Churchill.‎ ‎ B. To see if they were of the best quality.‎ ‎ C. To make sure they were Churchill’s favorite.‎ ‎ D. To guarantee they were not out of date.‎ ‎2. Which of the following best shows Churchill’s love of cigars?‎ ‎ A. He fell in love with cigars at a young age.‎ ‎ B. He smoked many cigars every day.‎ ‎ C. He invented the ＂bellybando＂.‎ ‎ D. He had an oxygen mask specially designed for smoking.‎ ‎3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?‎ ‎ A. Churchill became energetic again.‎ ‎ B. Churchill remained depressed.‎ ‎ C. Churchill drew colorful pictures.‎ ‎ D. Churchill liked to talk about colors.‎ ‎4. What is probably the best title of the passage?‎ ‎ A. Achievements of Churchill ‎ B. Anecdotes about Churchill ‎ C. Personalities of Churchill ‎ D. Hobbies of Churchill ‎ 【文章大意】丘吉尔是英国最受欢迎的首相，文章介绍丘吉尔的一些奇闻轶事。‎ ‎1. A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段的句子＂although his security team insisted one cigar from each box be sent off and tested for poison.＂可知，丘吉尔的安全部队坚持要检查雪茄，为了检测是否它们对丘吉 尔是安全的。故选A。‎ ‎ 3.A【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的句子＂However, when not depressed, Churchill was full of ‎ energy, usually working and talking until the early hours of the morning.＂可知，丘吉尔精力充沛的时候， 经常工作和交谈直到凌晨。下文是他对精力充沛的描写。故选A。 ‎ ‎4. B【解析】标题判断题。根据文章内容和第一段的句子＂While his heroic stand against the Nazis is well know, there are still a few facts about the popular politician that might surprise you.＂可知，文章主要介绍丘吉尔的 奇闻轶事。故选B。‎ Passage4‎ 话题 词数 难度 参考用时 正确率 ‎ 威廉·莎士比亚逝世四百周年纪念日 ‎ 323‎ ‎★★★☆☆‎ ‎6分钟 ‎ April 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death. Organizations in ‎ Britain have planned numerous events to honor him.‎ ‎ In Stratford-upon-Avon, his birthplace, the tourism organization has a great number of free events, including performances of Shakespeare’s plays, and a dazzling fireworks display. And the BBC is broadcasting a live show from Stratfore-upon-Avon, celebrating Shakespeare’s widespread influence on the world. In England’s capital, the London Shakespeare Centre and King’s College London are holding a series of public performances, exhibitions and activities. It isn’t just England that honors the anniversary of the death of this extraordinary writer. In Washington, D. C., the Folger Shakespeare Library, which houses the world’s largest collection of documents relating to William Shakespeare, is displaying a series of exhibitions.‎ ‎ Shakespeare is probably the most famous author who ever lived and is considered a genius by most. He wrote around 37 plays and 154 sonnets(十四行诗), and his work has been translated into over one hundred languages! He penned beautiful metaphors(暗喻), serious dramas and amusing tales.‎ ‎ Shakespeare also invented many new terms and phrases. If someone’s behavior suggested they were not being honest and should not be trusted, Shakespeare called their actions suspicious. If someone was being silly and perhaps looking like a fool, Shakespeare found their actions laughable. And Shakespeare called people who offered their opinions on the quality of something critics. Today, for instance, food critics and film critics give audiences their opinions of food and film. The familiar phrase ＂break the ice＂ comes from Shakespeare’s play The Taming of the Shrew. The ＂ice is broken＂ when a difficult conversation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game. More common words coined by Shakespeare include road, gossip, lonely, bump and hurry.‎ ‎ Four hundred years after his death, Shakespeare surely lives on, in everyday speech, as the most famous writer of all time!‎ ‎1. The main idea of the text is _______.‎ ‎ A. the 400th anniversary of Shakespeare’s death ‎ B. the influence Shakespeare has on English ‎ C. the achievements of William Shakespeare ‎ D. Shakespeare’s colorful and fruitful life ‎2. Shakespeare is honored in the following ways except_________.‎ ‎ A. a great number of free events in Stratford-upon-Avon ‎ B. a series of activities in the London Shakespeare Centre ‎ C. a series of exhibitions in the Folger Shakespeare Library ‎ D. a live show of Shakespeare from Stratford-upon-Avon ‎3. According to the next, a simply game to make a difficult conversation easy is called _______. ‎ ‎ A. an ice-breaker B. a suspicious man ‎ ‎ C. a critic D. a laughable man ‎ 【文章大意】4月23日是威廉·莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。英国的各种组织计划活动来纪念他。‎ ‎1.A【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的句子＂April 23 marks the 400th anniversary of William Shakespeare’s death.＂可知，文章主要介绍4月23日是威廉·莎士比亚逝世第四百周年纪念日。故选A。‎ ‎3.A【解析】细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的句子＂The ‘ice is broken’ when a difficult conversation or meeting is calmed by some basic introduction, such as a simple game.＂可知，使得困难的对话变得容易的 叫作an ice-breaker。故选A。‎