【推荐】专题3-3+Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修6）

【推荐】专题3-3+Grammar&Writing-试题君之K三关2017-2018学年高二英语人教版（选修6）

it作为代词用法非常灵活，可用于代替上文中提到的事物，代替上文中说到的一件事，代替不知情的人（尤其是不知身份、性别和姓名的人）。也可用于表示时间、天气、距离、计算结果等。还可用来代替不定式、动名词、从句等，充当形式主语或形式宾语。‎ 一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情 一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。‎ ‎1. 指动物和植物。‎ ‎☞ Look at that bird. It always comes to my window. 看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。‎ ‎2. 指代无生命的东西。‎ ‎☞ This is my watch. It’s made in Switzerland. 这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。‎ ‎3. 代替上文提到过的整个事情。‎ ‎☞ Well, you mustn’t play on the road. It’s dangerous! 哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！‎ 二、用于指代人 ‎1. 指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。‎ ‎☞ —Who is knocking at the door? ——谁在敲门？‎ ‎—It’s me. ——是我。‎ ‎2. 指说话者心目中的那个人。‎ ‎☞ —Look, someone is coming. Who can it be? ——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？‎ ‎—It may be the headmaster. ——可能是校长。‎ ‎3. 在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。‎ ‎☞ —Who’s that? ——那人是谁？‎ ‎—Is it Helen? ——是海伦吗？‎ ‎—Yes, I think you’re right. It’s Helen. ——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。‎ 三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等 ‎1. 表示时间。‎ ‎☞ —What’s the date? ——今天是几月几日？‎ ‎—It’s the third of March. ——今天是3月3日。‎ ‎2. 表示距离。‎ ‎☞ It’s only five minutes’ walk from here. 离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。‎ ‎3. 表示自然现象。‎ ‎☞ It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。‎ ‎4. 表示环境、形势等。‎ ‎☞ If it’s convenient, I can see you tomorrow. 如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。‎ 四、用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句 ‎1. It is clear (obvious，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为＂清楚（显然，真的，可能，肯定……）＂。‎ ‎☞ It is very clear that he doesn’t like it.＝That he doesn’t like it is very clear. 很明显他不喜欢它。‎ ‎2. It is said (reported/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为＂据说（据报道，据悉……）＂。‎ ‎☞ It is reported that another satellite has been put into orbit. 据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。‎ ‎3. It is time (about time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省略，常译为＂是（正是）……的时候了＂。‎ ‎☞ It is time that children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed. 孩子们该睡了。‎ ‎4. It is the first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为＂是第一（二）……次做……＂。‎ ‎☞ It is the first time I have been here. 这是我第一次到这里来。‎ ‎5. It is a pity (a shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should＋动词原形），should可省略，表示出乎意料，常译为＂竟然＂。没有这种意 义时，则不用虚拟语气。‎ ‎☞ It is a pity that such a thing (should) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！‎ ‎☞ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！‎ ‎6. It happens (seems，looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。‎ ‎☞ It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来他再过几天才能回来。‎ ‎7. It be＋adj.(kind, nice, brave, clever, stupid...) of sb＋to do sth该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词（即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的）。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb is＋adj.＋to do sth ‎ ‎☞ It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so. 你这么说真是太善良了。‎ ‎8. It be＋adj.(difficult，easy，hard，important) for sb to do sth该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性、紧迫性、频繁程度、难易、安全等情况（即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的）。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural，easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。‎ ‎☞ It is important for her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party. ‎ 对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。‎ ‎9. It takes sb some time to do sth 做某事花费某人……时间 ‎☞ It took me five days to solve the problem. 解决这个问题花了我五天时间。‎ ‎10. It costs sb some money to do sth 做某事花费某人……钱 ‎☞ It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer. 买这台电脑花了我父亲5, 000元。‎ ‎11. It’s up to sb to do sth 应由某人(负责)做……‎ ‎☞ It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not. 做不做这份工作由你决定。‎ ‎12. It’s useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth 该句型常译为＂做……是徒然的/没有益处的＂，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。‎ ‎☞ It’s no use arguing with her. 跟她争论没有用。‎ 五、作形式宾语 ‎1. 用于 ＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语＂ 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。‎ ‎☞ I think it important that we should keep calm. 我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。‎ ‎☞ I feel it my duty that I should devote myself to teaching. 我感到致力于教学是我的责任。‎ ‎☞ I make it a rule that I read English every morning. 每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。‎ ‎2. 用于＂主语＋及物动词＋宾语＂句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。‎ ‎①appreciate，dislike，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。‎ ‎☞ I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. 我认为你会很快离开上海。‎ ‎☞ The report has it that no one was to blame for the accident. 报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。‎ ‎☞ We published it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。‎ ‎②answer for(承担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。‎ ‎☞ I am counting on it that you will come. 我期待你会来。‎ ‎1. （2016·浙江）In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from ____in the UK.‎ ‎ A. that B. this C. one D. it ‎2. （2015·浙江）How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came ‎ ‎ into the room and just shut it off without asking you?‎ ‎ A. them B. one C. those D. it ‎3. （2015·天津）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some ‎ larger schools.‎ ‎ A. that B. one C. it D. this Ⅰ. 单项填空 ‎1. An average of just 18.75cm of rain fell last year, making ___________ the driest year since California became a state in 1850.‎ A. each B. it C. this D. one ‎2. I’d appreciate ___________ if you could let me know in advance whether or not you will come.‎ A. it B. you C. one D. this ‎3.—Who’s that at the door?‎ ‎— ___________ is the milkman.‎ A. he B. that C. she D. it ‎4. —Do you like ___________ here?‎ ‎—Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice.‎ A. this B. these C. that D. it ‎5. The two girls are so alike that strangers find ___________ difficult to tell one from the other.‎ A. it B. them C. her D. that ‎6. The employment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ‎___________.‎ A. them B. those C. it D. that ‎7. They are good friends. ___________ is no wonder that they know each other so well.‎ A. This B. That C. There D. It ‎8. Catherine bought a postcard of the place she was visiting, addressed ___________ to ___________ and then posted it at the nearby post office.‎ A. it；her B. it；herself C. herself；her D. herself；herself ‎9. We have made ___________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.‎ A. this B. that C. it D. one ‎10. As we all know, ___________ is a hard job for the police to keep order in an important football match.‎ ‎ A. this B. that C. there D. it Ⅱ. 用it作形式主语的用法改写下列各个句子 ‎1．To learn something about the use of “it” is necessary.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎2．Crying over spilt milk is no use.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎3．That the boss was behaving pretty strangely struck me.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎4．Whether you come or not doesn’t interest me.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎5．Tom is believed to win the race.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎6．That a picture is worth a thousand words is not always true.‎ ‎________________________________________________________________________‎ Ⅲ. 句型转换 ‎1．To my surprise，he thought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.‎ ‎ →To my surprise，he thought ________________ for him to learn English well.‎ ‎2．I became stronger and stronger，which made my parents glad.‎ ‎ →I became stronger and stronger，and____________________________________.‎ ‎3．He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.‎ ‎ →He felt ________________ to serve the people heart and soul.‎ ‎4．In the west，people send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends，making it a rule.‎ ‎ →In the west，people ____________________ to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.‎ ‎5．When and where to hold the match hasn’t been decided.‎ ‎ →______________________when and where to hold the match.‎ Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．很清楚他不喜欢它。‎ ‎ he doesn't like it.‎ ‎2．请注意一下门锁了没有。‎ ‎ Please the door is locked.‎ ‎3．做出那道数学题很容易。‎ ‎ It is easy ．‎ ‎4．我花了一周时间才看完这本书。‎ ‎ to finish reading the book.‎ ‎5．他习惯了黎明前起床。‎ ‎ He that he gets up before dawn.‎ ‎ 特指上文提到的名词。故选A。‎ ‎2. D【解析】句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？ It作形式宾语，指代If后面的句子。该句涉及到了一个疑问句，一个条件状语从句（if）和两个并列句 (and)。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______.分析句子结构知道like之后缺少一个宾语， 需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案选it。‎ ‎3. A【解析】句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of ‎ ‎ education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。‎ K好题 Ⅰ. 单项填空 ‎1. B 【解析】make sth/sb+n. ＂使/让某事(某人)成为……＂。代词it在此处指代前面的＂last year＂。‎ ‎2. A 【解析】句意：如果你能够让我提前知道你是否要来，我会很感激的。分析句子结构可知，此空在句中作形式宾语，而真正的宾语为if引导的从句，故要用it。故答案为A。‎ ‎3. D 【解析】句意：——谁在大门那儿？——是送牛奶的人。当不能确定对方的性别或身份时常用it指代某人。‎ ‎4. D 【解析】it用来指代下句中的the air，the weather，the way of life。‎ ‎5. A 【解析】本句中find的宾语是to tell one from the other，放在了句尾，因此find后缺少形式宾语，只有it可作形式宾语，故选用it。‎ ‎6. C 【解析】句意：由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率继续上升。根据句意可知，增加的是上文提及的the employment rate。A、B两项代指复数，应排除；it指同一个，即上文中的rate，为正确答案；that指同一类，但并不是同一个，可排除。‎ ‎7. D 【解析】句意：他们是好朋友，难怪他们互相如此了解。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。‎ ‎9. C 【解析】句意：我们已经明确表示强烈反对在办公室吸烟。it作形式宾语，that we are strongly against smoking in the office为真正的宾语。‎ ‎10. D 【解析】句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式短语to keep order in an important football match，不定式短语的逻辑主语是the police。‎ Ⅱ. 用it作形式主语的用法改写下列各个句子 Ⅲ. 句型转换 ‎1. it impossible 2. it made my parents glad 3. it his duty ‎4. make it a rule 5. It hasn’t been decided Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1. It is very clear that ‎2．see to it that ‎3．to work out the maths problem ‎4．It took me a week ‎5．makes it a rule Writing：如何回复建议信 写回复建议的书信时，首先要分析问题，表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点：‎ ‎1. 信文要素要齐全。建议信的回信和建议信一样，信文通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)；信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)；称呼；正文；结束语；签名。有时信头和信内地址可以省略。‎ ‎2. 态度要诚恳而有礼貌。不管对方提出的建议对自己是否可行，都应该认真对待并对对方表示感谢。‎ ‎3. 客观分析，表明态度。对对方提出的建议要准确理解、认真分析，然后结合自己的实际情况表明自己的态度是接受还是拒绝。‎ ‎4. 简明扼要，以理服人。在说明自己接受尤其是拒绝对方建议的原因时，一定要语气柔和，逻辑分明，重点突出，做到纳拒有理。‎ ‎1. 首段：引出问题。‎ ‎①I am sorry you have had so much trouble in...‎ ‎②You have asked for my advice on... and I will try to make some suggestions.‎ ‎③I feel greatly honored to be trusted... ‎ ‎2. 主体：提出提议。‎ ‎①In my opinion, you would be wise to take the following action.‎ ‎②First of all, ...；Meanwhile, ..., In addition...‎ ‎③It’s important for you to...‎ ‎3. 结尾：提出期望。‎ ‎①Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.‎ ‎②Where there is a will, there is a way.‎ ‎③Don’t lose heart, whatever happens.‎ ‎④I will be very glad if you find my suggestions useful.‎ ‎⑤Please let me know if I can help further.‎ 假设你是李华。你的英国笔友John写信告诉你近日他由于沉迷于电脑游戏，健康受到很大影响，他十分焦虑。请你根据以下要点提示，给他写一封回信，建议他养成良好的生活习惯。‎ 要点：1. 限制玩游戏的时间，把精力逐渐转移到其他事情上；‎ ‎2. 规定起床和睡觉的时间，形成良好的作息习惯；‎ ‎3. 每天锻炼半小时，增强体质。‎ 注意：1. 词数100～120，开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数；‎ ‎2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ Dear John,‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Best wishes!‎ Yours sincerely, ‎ Li Hua ‎【思路点拨】‎ 本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：首先根据John的来信引出话题，其次依据提示写出你的建议，最后发出祝愿或要求、期望等。‎ ‎【词汇热身】‎ ‎1. 限制____________________ 2. 沉迷于____________________‎ ‎3. 对……有不利影响____________________ 4. 除去____________________‎ ‎5. 养成……的习惯____________________ 6. 增强体质____________________‎ ‎7. 参加____________________ 8. 各种各样的____________________‎ ‎【句式温习】‎ ‎1. 听说你沉迷于电脑游戏，健康受到很大影响后，我十分难过。‎ ‎______________________________ you’re addicted to computer games ______________________________ your health.‎ ‎2. 作为朋友，我想给你一些建议来戒掉网瘾。‎ As a friend, ______________________________ give you some advice to help you get rid of it.‎ ‎3. 你应该限制玩游戏的时间，把精力转移到其他事情上。‎ You should limit the time that you play computer games and ______________________________ other things.‎ ‎4. 我特别希望你能戒掉电脑游戏以过上健康的生活。‎ I ______________________________ you can get rid of computer games to live a healthy life.‎ ‎【答案】　‎ ‎1. I’m sorry to hear that; which have had a bad effect on ‎2. I would like to/I’m willing to ‎3. pay more attention to/attach importance to/lay/place stress on ‎4. do hope that ‎【参考范文】‎ ‎ ‎