2021年新高考英语二轮复习分专题讲义（含解析）

2021年新高考英语二轮复习分专题讲义（含解析）

《中国高考评价体系》背景下的高考英语命题 特点与备考启示 2020 年新高考英语山东卷依据《普通高中英语课程标准(2017 年版)》(以下简称“新课标”)和《高考 评价体系》对考试内容进行了改革,全面考查学生的核心价值、学科素养、关键能力、必备知识,兼 具基础性、综合性、应用性和创新性,较好地凸显了高考“立德树人、服务选才、引导教学”的功能 定位。 一、2020 年新高考山东卷的命题特点 (一)强化立德树人,突出学科素养 命题立意与学科素养——整套试卷以构建社会主义核心价值观、弘扬社会正能量为命题立意,全卷 渗透英语学科素养:语言能力、文化意识、思维品质和学习能力。具体内容参看下表信息: 题型 试题立意 倡导精神 A 篇 以“勇气、毅力和意志如何帮助自己面对人生挑战”为主题的诗 歌创作大赛 人与社会——创作大赛,激励 斗志 B 篇 Jennifer Mauer 克服困难完成学业 人与自我——努力付出,实现 梦想 C 篇 介绍一本有关旅行见闻的图书 人与社会——文化 D 篇 共餐伙伴的体型与饮食习惯对就餐者的影响的研究报告 人与自我——健康饮食,环境 影响 阅 读 理 解 七选五阅 读 成为一名受欢迎的演讲者应该遵守的规则 人与社会——沟通交流,重在 关注 完形填空 Molai 坚持植树 37 年,为动植物建造家园 人与自然——保护环境语 言 运 用 语法填空 博物馆介绍 人与社会——馆藏文献,文化 传承 应用文写 作 越野赛跑活动报道 人与自我——生命健康,热爱 运动写 作 读后续写 善良妈妈感召孩子们帮助贫穷孩子创业 人与社会——热心助人 以上信息显示,试题有意识地体现和渗透了以下核心价值观,充满了积极向上的正能量: 1.坚持德育为先,体现立德树人。完形填空讲述了 Molai 坚持植树 37 年,保护当地动植物的故事;读后 续写讲述一户善良人家的三个孩子在母亲的影响下努力帮助镇上一户困难家庭的孩子挣钱的故事, 所选故事积极向上,充满正能量,在思想和行动上为读者树立了正面的学习榜样。 2.关注体育运动,倡导健康生活。阅读理解 D 篇介绍一项关于就餐伙伴是否会影响人们饮食摄取量 的研究结果,旨在告诉读者想要减肥应尽量避免同食量大却体型瘦的人一起用餐。写作第一节要求 考生为学校的 5 公里越野赛活动写一篇报道,考生需要紧扣主题展开想象,从参加人员、越野线路、 活动反响等方面展开写作。此类语篇和写作任务贴近考生生活实际,有利于引导考生注意健康饮食, 积极参加体育运动。 3.宣传劳动光荣,传达工作意识。阅读理解 B 篇讲述 Jennifer Mauer 高中毕业后边工作边读完工学院, 成家后又重返校园攻读学位,在为孩子们树立榜样的同时也实现了自己的人生目标。完形填空讲述 Molai 坚持 37 年在所居住的村庄附近的岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的生态家园的 感人故事。试题引导考生在真实的生活体验中感受劳动的辛苦和荣耀,引导考生崇尚劳动、尊重劳 动,并思考自己的未来职业规划。 (二)实现稳中有变,突出考查能力 1.落实考试内容改革要求,强化关键能力考查 优化试卷结构,聚焦关键能力。试题题量和分值出现“两增一减”的变化。 (1)阅读部分每小题分值由 2 分增至 2.5 分,满分由 40 分增至 50 分。 (2)写作部分满分由 35 分增至 40 分。 (3)完形填空题量由 20 个减至 15 个,满分由 30 分减至 15 分。变化后的试卷更加强调对考生阅读理 解和写作两项关键能力的考查,更好地契合了《新课标》的理念,进一步体现了高校选拔人才的要 求。 2.写作启用新题型,突出综合性和创新性 写作部分取消了短文改错题,将书面表达题改为“应用文写作”和“读后续写”两个题型。应用文写作 的分值由 25 分减至 15 分,读后续写题满分 25 分。读后续写考查考生对所给材料的理解和加工能力, 所写内容应与所提供材料有逻辑衔接,情节合理,结构完整。此题注重考查读写综合能力,给考生更多 发挥想象力、展示写作水平的空间。 3.试题难度保持稳定,有利于考生发挥水平 新高考英语试卷难度与往年考试和先期进行的适应性测试基本保持一致,试卷中各部分试题按照由 易到难的顺序排列。阅读部分中,A 篇和 B 篇多为应用类、记叙类的简单文本,题目难度中等偏下,C 篇和 D 篇多为书评、科学研究类的说明文,题目难度中等偏上。这样的梯度排列有利于考生充分发 挥自己的水平,让大家都有获得感。 4.试题用词特点明显,更加强调情景运用 试题更加突出考查词汇在语篇、语境中的实际应用,强调运用词汇准确理解和确切表达意义的能 力。如所选语篇中均大量出现词汇的灵活意义、同根词、熟词生义(cover“支付费用”,a string of“一 批”,architectural“建筑的”,sadden“使悲伤”,well-rounded“全面的”,decidedly“果断地”)等现象。另外,试 题中有意识地使用了最新课程标准的部分较难词汇(pursue,individually)等,但整套试题中所出现的词 汇均没有超出《新课标词汇表》的范围。 二、新高考、新特点对高考备考教学的新启示 1.转变观念,突出“语篇核心” 考生在备考学习过程中应切实转变观念,以《新课标》为备考依据,构建以“语篇”为核心的备考思维 模式,依托具体的语篇进行词汇和语法的学习,提升语言运用能力,培养文化品格和思维能力。 2.全面发展,培养关键能力 关键能力主要包括:对语言核心基础知识(词汇、语法、句式结构、修辞)的掌握能力;驾驭语言的能 力,包括精确、恰当运用词汇、句式的能力;听、读语篇后对信息提取、处理、加工、推理、整合、 创造的关键能力。 3.遵循语言学习规律,切勿剑走偏锋 多听、多说、多读、多看、多写,并持之以恒。听、说、读、写、看不仅是英语学习的基本技能,更 是英语学习的有效方法。英语学科切勿单纯刷题。 4.提高词汇学习的深度,重视情景运用 对《新课标》中 3000 词的掌握决不可仅仅停留在“拼读—词义”阶段,而是要提高词汇学习的深度和 广度,要重视词汇在语篇、语境中的实际应用,提高运用词汇准确理解和确切表达意义的能力,尤其要 注意单词的“一词多义、多性,语境不同词义不同”现象,努力把词汇真正“学透”。 建议考生建立自己的“词块库”,对课文、试卷、课外阅读中遇到的陌生“词块”进行整理,定期复习,久 而久之,语感就会增强,写作就会更加得心应手。 5.努力提升自己的“文化品格、思维能力和学习品质” 考生应改变传统意义上的英语学习和备考理念,努力从方法和内容上去适应新高考。既应积极体 验、观察、感悟生活,更要通过大量的阅读,培养时代意识、科普素养、生命教育、人类社会发展、 家国和人文情怀、较高的情商、丰富的生活体验和感悟能力等。 模块一　阅读理解与七选五阅读 专题一　阅读理解 考情透析谋对策 ●明晰体裁与题材特点,缩小刷题数量 试卷/情 况 A 篇 B 篇 C 篇 D 篇 选材特点 山 东 人与社会 ——参赛 须知 应 用 文 人与自我 ——完善 自我 记 叙 文 人与社会 ——旅行 见闻 说 明 文 人与自我— —伙伴影响 饮食 说 明 文 全 国 Ⅰ 人与社会 ——乘坐 火车 应 用 文 人与自我 ——读书 感悟 夹 叙 夹 议 文 人与社会 ——竞走 与跑步 说 明 文 人与自然— —发光植物 说 明 文 全 国 Ⅱ 人与社会 ——景点 指南 应 用 文 人与社会 ——科学 探索 说 明 文 人与自然 ——环境 保护 说 明 文 人与自我— —生活与学 习 记 叙 文 2020 全 国 Ⅲ 人与社会 ——旅行 应 用 文 人与自然 ——动物 保护 记 叙 文 人与社会 ——社会 现象 说 明 文 人与社会— —人类进化 说 明 文 全 国 Ⅰ 人与社会 ——兼职 活动 应 用 文 人与自我 ——竞选 演说 记 叙 文 人与自然 ——科学 技术 说 明 文 人与自我— —心理健康 说 明 文 全 国 Ⅱ 人与社会 ——文化 生活 应 用 文 人与社会 ——志愿 者工作 记 叙 文 人与社会 ——社会 生活 说 明 文 人与社会— —文化教育 说 明 文 2019 全 国 Ⅲ 人与社会 ——戏剧 预告 应 用 文 人与社会 ——文化 说 明 文 人与社会 ——社会 生活 说 明 文 人与自然— —科学研究 说 明 文 2018 全 国 Ⅰ 人与社会 ——观光 指南 应 用 文 人与社会 ——大众 生活 说 明 文 人与社会 ——语言 文化 说 明 文 人与社会— —社会生活 说 明 文 ●主题语境:涵盖三大主题语 境——人与自我、人与社 会、人与自然。 ●体裁多样:应用文、说明 文、记叙文为主,也会涉及议 论文。 ●题材广泛:社会文化、生活 学习、应用广告、科普知识 为主。 全 国 Ⅱ 人与社会 ——暑期 活动 应 用 文 人与自然 ——健康 饮食 说 明 文 人与自我 ——学习 策略 议 论 文 人与自我— —人际交往 说 明 文 全 国 Ⅲ 人与社会 ——旅游 指南 应 用 文 人与社会 ——城市 发展 说 明 文 人与社会 ——中国 建筑 记 叙 文 人与自然— —简约生活 说 明 文 ●透析题型设置,采用高效答题技巧 2020 2019 2018考 点 山东全国 Ⅰ 全国 Ⅱ 全国 Ⅲ 全国 Ⅰ 全国 Ⅱ 全国 Ⅲ 全国 Ⅰ 全国 Ⅱ 全国 Ⅲ 题量 合计 命题特点 细 节 理 解 8 7 8 7 8 6 8 7 9 977 主 旨 大 意 1 2 2 4 2 2 1 2 2 220 推 理 判 断 4 5 3 3 4 5 5 5 3 340 词 义 猜 测 2 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 113 ●以细节理解和推理判断题为主,兼顾主 旨大意和词义猜测题。 ●细节理解题的答案更加隐蔽,叙述含蓄, 直接信息题减少。 ●新高考评价体系下的备考启示——实现满分小目标,方向方法都重要 ◆方向非常重要。研透高考,精准训练。对高考试题细读精读,字斟句酌,把握试题特点,精准对接高 考。 ◆以新课标为备考依据,聚焦三大主题语境(人与自我、人与社会、人与自然),通过大量阅读培养家 国情怀和国际视野。 ◆培养读后汲取、处理、加工、推理、判断、猜测、整合信息的关键能力。 ◆以新教材语篇、高考真题或高质量模拟试题的语篇为依托,既要对语言知识(词汇、语法、句式、 修辞等)进行总结,又要对做题方法、经验和教训进行归纳总结。 ◆定期进行阅读测试。限时阅读,认真核对答案,对试题进行深度总结,找出努力方向,及时、科学调 整复习方法。 题型指导寻技法 考点一　细节理解题 命题方式 1.常见的提问方式 ◆主要以特殊疑问句形式。以 when,where,what,which,who,how much/many 等疑问词开头引出问 题。 ◆偶尔用填空形式。如:The biggest challenge for most mothers is from 　　　　　. 2.正确选项特点 ◆语言简化。把原文中复杂的语言现象进行简化,设置为答案。 ◆同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换,如把 lose one’s job 换成 be out of work;有时,词 性或者语态有所变化,如把 important 改成 of importance,把主动语态改为被动语态。 ◆正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。 3.干扰选项特点 ◆与短文细节部分相吻合,部分相悖。 ◆是短文细节,但不符合题干要求。 ◆是短文细节,但不是要点或主要论据。 ◆符合常识,但不是文章内容。 ◆明显与短文细节不符或短文中未提及。 ◆与原句的内容极为相似,只是在程度上有些变动。 技巧点拨 1.直接信息题→定位题干信息 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★速读文章,寻找题干 ★比对选项与原文 细节的直接辨认不要求读者对客观事实作解释或者判断,只要求从阅读材料中直接获取信息。首先, 认真阅读题干,根据关键词明确答题方向;然后速读文章寻找题干内容,要有重点、有针对性地阅读, 冗余无效的信息可以略读甚至不读。最后,仔细比较所给选项,与原文信息对应,锁定正确选项。 【典例印证】(2020 新高考山东,A) Prizes ... 50 Honorable Mentions:Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight. 2.What will each of the honorable mention winners get? A.A plane ticket. B.A book by Corinne Szabo. C.A special T-shirt. D.A photo of Amelia Earhart. 解题思路 C　此题考查直接信息理解。题干中关键词是“honorable mention winners”,题干意为“每个 荣誉提名者会获得什么奖励”,然后到文中 Prizes 部分的“50 Honorable Mentions:”中的“Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners,who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.”这一句可直接看出答案,即评委会选出的 50 名荣誉奖获得者每人会获得一件特别的 T 恤衫,故 答案为 C 项。 2.间接信息题→转换选项语意 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★扫读原文,锁定信息 ★用同义、近义或反义的语言转换 间接信息题不仅要求读者能从阅读材料中直接获取信息,而且还要将获取的信息用同义或者近义的 语言形式进行复述或者转换。首先,阅读题干,有针对性地扫读原文,锁定相关词句等信息。然后,准 确理解每个选项的意思,寻找与原文信息相关的同义、近义或者反义的词或短语。最后仔细比对选 项和原文信息,选择最佳选项。 【典例印证】(2018 全国Ⅰ,A) Washington,D.C.Bicycle Tours Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. Duration:3 hours This small group bike tour is a fantastic way to see the world-famous cherry trees with beautiful flowers of Washington,D.C.Your guide will provide a history lesson about the trees and the famous monuments where they blossom.Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear! ... 21.Which tour do you need to book in advance? A.Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. B.Washington Capital Monuments Bicycle Tour. C.Capital City Bike Tour in Washington,D.C. D.Washington Capital Sites at Night Bicycle Tour. 解题思路 A　此题考查间接信息理解。题干中的关键词是“book in advance”,按照段落的顺序进行查 找,发现第一段“Cherry Blossom Bike Tour in Washington,D.C.”中“Reserve your spot before availability—and the cherry blossoms—disappear!”这一句中“Reserve”与题干关键词意义相同,由此可 知,华盛顿特区的樱花自行车之旅需要提前预订,故答案为 A 项。 3.零散信息题→整合归纳分析 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★查找段落,划定信息 ★计算数据,整合分析 考生从文中获得回答细节理解题的具体信息,可以直接找到包含所需信息的段落,迅速划定关键词语, 然后重点理解。对于零散型的细节理解或数字运算题,需要找到与之相关的事实或者数据,对其进行 分析整合。注意根据文段结构和写作顺序,有针对性地寻读,迅速锁定相关内容。 【典例印证】(2020 新高考山东,D) ... To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.In the first,95 undergraduate women were individually invited into a lab to ostensibly(表面上) participate in a study about movie viewership.Before the film began,each woman was asked to help herself to a snack.An actor hired by the researchers grabbed her food first.In her natural state,the actor weighed 105 pounds.But in half the cases she wore a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight to 180 pounds. Both the fat and thin versions of the actor took a large amount of food.The participants followed suit,taking more food than they normally would have.However,they took significantly more when the actor was thin. For the second test,in one case the thin actor took two pieces of candy from the snack bowls.In the other case,she took 30 pieces.The results were similar to the first test:the participants followed suit but took significantly more candy when the thin actor took 30 pieces. The tests show that the social environment is extremely influential when we’re making decisions. ... 14.Why did the researchers hire the actor? A.To see how she would affect the participants. B.To test if the participants could recognize her. C.To find out what she would do in the two tests. D.To study why she could keep her weight down. 解题思路 A　此题考查零散信息理解。根据“To test the effect of social influence on eating habits,the researchers conducted two experiments.”这一句可知,为了验证社交对饮食习惯的影响,研究人员进行了 两个实验;再结合下文介绍的两个实验可知,聘用演员参加实验旨在查看演员对参加实验的人的饮食 习惯的影响,故答案为 A 项。 考点二　推理判断题 命题方式 推理判断是指在理解原文字面意义的基础上,通过对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示的分析,作一定的判断 和推理,从而得出文章的深层意义及隐含意义。 1.细节推断 细节推断题要求考生根据文章内容,推断具体的细节,如时间、地点、人物关系、人物身份、事件 等。一般可根据短文提供的信息,或者借助生活常识进行推理判断。考生要把握文章的内在关系,理 解文章的真正含义,然后作出判断。主要设题方式有: It can be inferred from the passage that 　　　　　. The author strongly suggests that 　　　　　. It can be concluded from the passage that 　　　　　. The writer indicates/implies/suggests that 　　　　　. 2.写作意图推断 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章的论述,揣测作者的写作意图和写作手法。作者一般不直接陈述 自己的意图,而是通过文章所提供的事实,客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。这就要求考生不但要 理解文章的主旨大意,还要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行分析和归纳总结的能力。主要设题方式 有: What is the main purpose of the author writing the text? The purpose of the text is to get more people to 　　　　　. The writer of the story wants to tell us that 　　　　　. The fact...is mentioned by the author to show 　　　　　. The author writes the last paragraph in order to 　　　　　. 3.观点态度推断 观点态度推断题考查考生是否了解文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的观点或者态度。这就要 求考生在正确理解文章大意的基础上,对作者的观点或者态度倾向进行分析、识别,关注作者对人物 心理或者细节的描写,对文章所交代的人或事情进行评判。主要设题方式有: The attitude of the author towards something is 　　　　. The writer of the passage seems to think that 　　　　　. What’s the author’s opinion on...? What do we know about...in the passage? What does the author think about...? 4.文章来源和读者对象推断 推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生本身要具备一定的常识,这样文章的内容才能与读者本身具 备的常识结合起来。比如读者本身要对报纸、杂志、网络、科普、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指 南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出正确的答案。主要设题方式有: This passage would be most likely to be found in 　　　　　. The passage is probably taken from 　　　　　. Where does this text probably come from? Which section of a magazine is this passage probably taken from? The text is intended for 　　　　　. 5.推理判断题选项特点 (1)正确选项特点: ◆是“弦外之音”,是立足原文推断出来的内容,而不是直接叙述的具体信息。 ◆没有绝对概念的字眼,如 only,never,all,absolutely 等。因为是根据原文推断出来的内容,略有模糊成 分,留有余地,常含有 usually,may,some,might,can,possibly 等词汇。 (2)干扰选项特点: ◆张冠李戴。使用了原文出现的词汇或者句式,但不是本题的内容。 ◆颠倒是非。选项内容涉及了原文中提及的内容,但是选项意思与之恰恰相反。 ◆无中生有。这类选项往往是基本的生活常识,观点是正确的,但不是本文表示的内容。 ◆扩缩范围。原文中可能出现了像 almost,all,nearly,more than,normally,usually 等词语对文章内容加 以限制,干扰项改变了原文范围。 ◆曲解文意。根据文中某一句话或者利用了里面的字词设计出选项,看似表达了文章的意思,实际上 是借题发挥,曲解了文章原意。 技巧点拨 1.明确文章写作目的 关键词:★通读全文,确定文章体裁　★记叙文表达情感或者某个道理;应用文推销或者介绍;说明文展 示用途或者过程;议论文论述道理或者表达观点 要做好写作目的题,首先应确定文章的体裁,因为文体不同,写作目的也不同。一般来说,记叙文会在 首段或者末段出现高度概括的总结性语言,而且往往有一定的哲理性,所有的叙述都围绕该哲理展 开。广告类应用文往往会通过对某种产品或者服务,或是电影、旅游景点等的介绍来吸引更多的观 众、读者或者游客,会使用具有明显支持倾向的语言。说明文往往向读者展示某物的用途或者制作 过程,议论文往往提出论点,进行论证,得出结论,作者的写作意图往往隐含于最后一部分中。 【典例印证】(2020 新高考山东,C) In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.Hence this book,Chasing the Sea:Lost Among the Ghosts of Empire in Central Asia,which talks about a road trip from Tashkent to Karakalpakstan,where millions of lives have been destroyed by the slow drying up of the sea.It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-year- old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers. This is a quick look at life in Uzbekistan,made of friendliness and warmth,but also its darker side of society.In Samarkand,Mr Bissell admires the architectural wonders,while on his way to Bukhara he gets a taste of police methods when suspected of drug dealing.In Ferghana,he attends a mountain funeral(葬礼) followed by a strange drinking party.And in Karakalpakstan,he is saddened by the dust storms,diseases and fishing boats stuck miles from the sea. Mr Bissell skilfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes.His judgment and references are decidedly American,as well as his delicate stomach.As the author explains,this is neither a travel nor a history book,or even a piece of reportage.Whatever it is,the result is a fine and vivid description of the purest of Central Asian traditions. 11.What is the purpose of this text? A.To introduce a book. B.To explain a cultural phenomenon. C.To remember a writer. D.To recommend a travel destination. 解题思路 A　此题考查文章的写作目的。文章开头引出了 Tom Bissell 写书的背景,从第二段到最后 一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容和对这本书的评价,即全文围绕着这本书展开,由此可推断 其写作目的就是向读者介绍和推荐这本书,故答案为 A 项。 2.抓住作者的态度和观点 关键词:★阅读题干,找准关键词　★速读文章,寻找作者对某事物所持观点态度的语段　★体会字里 行间流露出的情感,与选项进行比对 文章作者或者文中人物对某事物所持的态度或者观点往往隐含在字里行间或者流露于修饰词之中, 这就要求考生注意文中作者或者文中人物的措辞。 作者或者文中人物的态度和观点常用一些形容词、副词来表示,如 possible,impossible,seem,strange 等。 作者或者文中人物的态度和观点一般有三类:支持、赞同、乐观;反对、批评、怀疑、悲观;中立、客 观。考生应熟悉如下有关作者情感、态度的词语: 褒义词:supportive(支持的),positive(积极的),optimistic(乐观的),enthusiastic(热情的)等。 贬义词:negative(否定的,消极的),critical(批评的),disgusted(厌恶的),disappointed(失望的)等。 中性词:indifferent(漠不关心的),uninterested(不感兴趣的),objective(客观的),neutral(中立的)等。 【典例印证】(2017 全国Ⅱ,C) ... Inventors have been trying to make flying cars since the 1930s,according to Robert Mann,an airline industry expert.But Mann thinks Terrafugia has come closer than anyone to making the flying car a reality.The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.The Transition is now going through crash tests to make sure it meets federal safety standards. ... 30.What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Cautious. B.Favorable. C.Ambiguous. D.Disapproving. 解题思路 B　此题考查观点和态度推断。根据“The government has already permitted the company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.”,尤其是句中“has already permitted”这一信息 可以推断:政府对开发飞行汽车持支持态度,故答案为 B 项。favorable“偏爱的,支持的”;cautious“谨慎 的”;ambiguous “模棱两可的”;disapproving“不同意的”。 3.领悟隐含意义 关键词:★阅读题干,锁定信息段落　★详读信息段,领悟隐含意义　★比对选项,进行推断 此类题目要求考生对作者没有明确说明的事实信息和思想倾向作出合理的推断。读懂这种“言外之 意,弦外之音”,要求考生具有“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉以及合理推断的思维品质。做题的关键是根据题 干要求,在原文中找到相关信息,并依此进行推理。 【典例印证】(2020 新高考山东,B) Jennifer Mauer has needed more willpower than the typical college student to pursue her goal of earning a nursing degree.That willpower bore fruit when Jennifer graduated from University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire and became the first in her large family to earn a bachelor’s degree. Mauer,of Edgar,Wisconsin,grew up on a farm in a family of 10 children.Her dad worked at a job away from the farm,and her mother ran the farm with the kids.After high school,Jennifer attended a local technical college,working to pay her tuition(学费),because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.After graduation,she worked to help her sisters and brothers pay for their schooling. Jennifer now is married and has three children of her own.She decided to go back to college to advance her career and to be able to better support her family while doing something she loves:nursing.She chose the UW-Eau Claire program at Ministry Saint Joseph’s Hospital in Marshfield because she was able to pursue her four-year degree close to home.She could drive to class and be home in the evening to help with her kids.Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. Through it all,she remained in good academic standing and graduated with honors.Jennifer sacrificed(牺 牲) to achieve her goal,giving up many nights with her kids and missing important events to study.“Some nights my heart was breaking to have to pick between my kids and studying for exams or papers,”she says.However,her children have learned an important lesson witnessing their mother earn her degree.Jennifer is a first-generation graduate and an inspiration to her family—and that’s pretty powerful. 7.What can we learn from Jennifer’s story? A.Time is money. B.Love breaks down barriers. C.Hard work pays off. D.Education is the key to success. 解题思路 C　此题考查对文章隐含意义的推断。文章介绍了 Jennifer 在家境困难的情况下依靠自己 完成了学业,在婚后既要照顾家庭还想深造的情况下努力付出,最终实现了目标。读者不难从她的经 历中推断出一个人生道理:一个人只要努力总会有回报的,故答案为 C 项。 考点三　主旨大意题 命题方式 主旨大意题常涉及概括文章或者段落大意、揭示主题以及选择标题等形式。 1.概括文章大意 任何文章都有自己的中心思想(main idea),有些文章在全文或各段的开头便展示出文章的中心思想。 阅读时将每个段落的中心要点归纳总结,即可得到整篇文章的中心思想。每个段落的中心要点往往 是通过主题句(topic sentence)来体现的。考生可采取略读法,以搜寻各段主题句为目标,快速扫视全 文,把注意力集中在主要信息上,而不是过分注意细节事实。一般来说,文章的主题或中心会在第一段 或最后一段表明,而某一段的主题句也常出现在段首或段尾,还有些文章或段落无明显的主题句,但字 里行间无不体现主题。这就要求考生在阅读过程中根据文中所叙述的事实来总结主旨大意。 常见的提问方式: Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage? Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage? What is the text mainly about? The main idea of the passage is 　　　　　. The passage is mainly about 　　　　　. The passage mainly discusses 　　　　　. 2.总结归纳标题 文章的标题(title)是文章的“眼睛”,通过这双“眼睛”考生可略知文章大意。选准一个适当的标题,应做 到: (1)把握文章大意。不能把文章某一段的大意看作整篇文章的大意,更不可把文章的细节看成文章的 大意,从而给文章加上一个观点片面的标题。文章的标题实际上是对文章大意最简洁的概括,标题与 文章大意息息相关。 (2)抓住文章的主题句。因为文章的大意和文章的主题句是一脉相承的,抓住了文章的主题句就抓住 了文章的灵魂。 (3)注意文章的体裁和写作目的。叙事类文章是为了记叙一件事或一个人物,表达作者的某种感情,所 加标题应体现叙事类文章的特点。说明文是为了说明一个事物或过程,标题应体现说明文的特点。 常见的提问方式: What is the best title for the text? What can be a suitable title for the text? The best title for the passage would be 　　　　　. 3.总结段落大意 每个段落通常都有个中心思想,通常中心思想会在首句体现出来,这就是段落主题句。采用归纳法的 段落,细节表述在前,归纳概括在后,主题句会在段尾;采用演绎法的段落,先提出观点,后举例子,主题句 会出现在段首,这种情况主要出现在说明文和议论文中;若作者采用由特殊到一般,然后再由一般到特 殊的方式,主题句会出现在句中。有时作者没有明显写出主题句,需要考生根据段落内容去归纳概括 段落大意。 常见的提问方式: What’s the first/second/third...paragraph mainly about? Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph...? What’s the main idea discussed in the first/second/third/...paragraph? The main idea of the first/second/third...paragraph probably is that 　　　　　. 4.主旨大意题选项特点 (1)正确选项特点: ◆涵盖性强,覆盖全文或者整个段落内容。 ◆精确性强,能恰当表达原文主题和中心思想。 ◆短小醒目,这是标题类选项的特点,是文章的点睛之笔。 (2)干扰选项特点: ◆覆盖面太大,超出了短文论述的范围。 ◆以偏概全,涉及的只是短文的某一部分或者某一个细节,或是某一个段落的要点或者部分。 ◆与短文有交集,但偏离文章或者段落主旨。 技巧点拨 1.文章主旨大意题→寻找主题句,归纳概括 关键词:★分析文章结构,判断文章体裁　★识别段落主题句,归纳总结　★注意转折、疑问、重复等 关键信息 寻找主题句时可以使用以下小技巧:①转折词语后面的部分有可能是主题句;②段首出现疑问时,回答 部分可能是主题句;③作者有意识重复强调的观点往往是主旨;反复出现的词语往往是体现主旨的关 键词;④表示总结或者结论的句子常包含 therefore,in short,conclude,thus 等信息词。 【典例印证】(2018 全国Ⅲ,B) Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are,like a nearby port or river.People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade.New York City,for example,is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River.Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million.But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.In 1896,Dawson,Canada,was unmapped wilderness(荒野).But gold was discovered there in 1897,and two years later,it was one of the largest cities in the West,with a population of 30,000. Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris.People went there for gold.They travelled over snow-covered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers.The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning.An avalanche(雪崩)once closed the path,killing 63 people.For many who made it to Dawson,however,the rewards were worth the difficult trip.Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold,4,000 got rich.About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives. But no matter how rich they were,Dawson was never comfortable.Necessities like food and wood were very expensive.But soon,the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found.The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down,and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.Today,people still come and go—to see where the Canadian gold rush happened.Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762. 27.What is the text mainly about? A.The rise and fall of a city. B.The gold rush in Canada. C.Journeys into the wilderness. D.Tourism in Dawson. 解题思路 A　此题考查文章主旨大意。根据第一段中的“But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time.Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight.”这两句和最后一段中“and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska,they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come.”这一 句,以及文章最后一句“Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City—its present population is 762.” 可知,文章主要讲述了一座城市(Dawson City)的兴衰,故答案为 A 项。B 项把文章主旨内容扩大了,文 章没有讲很多关于加拿大淘金热的情况;C 项和文章主旨不符;D 项是文章的细节内容,不能作为主旨 大意。 2.凝练标题概括题→准确概括全文,简洁醒目 关键词:★概括全文　★有针对性　★简洁醒目 标题的特点是短小精悍,简洁醒目,概括性强,因而标题的拟定应以话题为中心,遵循“概括性、针对性 和醒目性”原则。 选择文章标题时可以使用以下小技巧:①从正面考虑,揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨;②从反面考虑, 撇开原文,考虑选项,设想以它们为标题写出的文章会是什么内容,然后和原文对照,逐一排除;③研读 选项的中心词、修饰词的变化,与原文内容比对。 【典例印证】(2018 全国Ⅰ,B) Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. In Save Money:Good Food,she visits a different home each week and with the help of chef Matt Tebbutt offers top tips on how to reduce food waste,while preparing recipes for under ￡5 per family a day.And the Good Morning Britain presenter says she’s been able to put a lot of what she’s learnt into practice in her own home,preparing meals for sons,Sam,14,Finn,13,and Jack,11. ... With food our biggest weekly household expense,Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week.In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget.The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes. 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Keeping Fit by Eating Smart B.Balancing Our Daily Diet C.Making Yourself a Perfect Chef D.Cooking Well for Less 解题思路 D　此题考查文章标题归纳。全文介绍了“Save Money:Good Food”这个节目旨在教人们如 何用较少的预算做出美味营养的饭菜,因此 D 项作为标题最合适。A 项只说了文章的一个方面—— 如何吃得好,没有提到是在省钱的条件下吃得好;B 项属于无中生有,文章没有提到均衡饮食;C 项以偏 概全,只说了做好饭,没有说如何节省。 3.归纳段落大意题→寻找主题句,归纳概括 关键词:★寻找段落主题句　★比对选项　★参考全文大意 归纳段落大意时,一定要在把握全段以及全文中心思想的基础上进行。主题句可能出现在段首、段 中或者段尾。段落大意要用明确、完整、简洁的语句表达。 归纳段落大意时可使用以下小技巧:①分析段落结构:如果段落是“总→分”结构,主题句一般在段首;如 果是“分→总”结构,主题句一般在段尾;如果是“分→总→分”结构,主题句一般在段中;如果是对比各个 事物,那么相同点或者不同点就是该段的主旨。②对于没有主题句的段落,要根据各种暗示,充分运用 想象力和判断力,选择与作者说话语气相符的选项。 【典例印证】(2017 全国Ⅱ,C) Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight,bringing the company closer to its goal of selling the flying car within the next year.The vehicle —named the Transition — has two seats,four wheels and wings that fold up so it can be driven like a car.The Transition,which flew at 1,400 feet for eight minutes last month,can reach around 70 miles per hour on the road and 115 in the air.It flies using a 23-gallon tank of gas and burns 5 gallons per hour in the air.On the ground,it gets 35 miles per gallon. ... 28.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.The basic data of the Transition. B.The advantages of flying cars. C.The potential market for flying cars. D.The designers of the Transition. 解题思路 A　此题考查对段落主旨的把握。该段的主题句是第一句“Terrafugia Inc.said Monday that its new flying car has completed its first flight...”,再根据本段后面提到飞行汽车的两个座位、四个轮子 以及车翼、飞行速度、耗油等情况可知,该段是在介绍飞行汽车“Transition”的基本数据,故答案为 A 项。 考点四　词义猜测题 命题方式 1.词义猜测 词义猜测题常考查对句中关键性词语,像实词、短语、指代关系等的理解。此类题目旨在考査考生 根据上下文推断单词或者短语意思的能力。所考查单词的意义通常超出大纲范围,是对超纲单词含 义的推断;有时候画线词不超纲,是熟词生义或是对其在特定语境中的意思的推断。常见的设题方式 有: What does the underlined word“...” in Paragraph 2 refer to? What does “I” in the text mean/refer to? The word/phrase “...” means/suggests/refers to... The word “...” is closest in meaning to... 2.句意猜测 需要考生猜测意思的句子通常是一个具有概括性的句子,或是格言、谚语等,要求考生通过阅读文章, 结合上下文,用合适的语句对其进行直接或者解释性的描述。主要设题方式有: What does the underlined sentence mean? The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that　　　　　. 技巧点拨 1.根据上下文语境猜测词义或者句意 文章中的任何单词或句子在内容上都不是孤立的,都与其所在句子、段落及整篇文章有关。因此,应 利用上下文提供的情景和线索,进行符合逻辑的分析,并依此来猜测词义或者句意。 2.根据同义词、反义词、举例、定语、同位语等猜测词义 通过上下文的同义词、反义词、举例、同位语从句或同位语词组、定语从句以及其他进行说明或 者解释的语段等来确定词义。如果生词在文中直接用句子或段落解释,理解句子或段落本身就能推 断出词义。 构成同位关系的两部分之间多有逗号,有时也使用破折号、冒号和括号等。需要注意的是,同位语前 还常有 or,similarly,that is to say,in other words,namely 等出现。常用来引出所举例子的提示词语有 such as,for example,for instance,like 等。 3.根据因果关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中,若两个事物、现象之间构成因果关系,考生可根据这种逻辑关系推知生词词义。 4.根据指代内容猜测词义 文中的代词 it,them,he,him,that 等可以指上文或者下文提到的人或者事物,其中 it 和 that 还可以指一 件事。有时代词与其指代的对象相隔较远,有时候需要对前面或者后面提到的内容进行总结,才能弄 清楚所指代的内容。 5.利用对比或者比较的词语猜测词义 能体现对比关系的词语有:but,yet,however,while,unlike,instead,on the other hand,on the contrary,in contrast to 等,标点符号中的分号也可以表示对比。 【典例印证 1】(2020 新高考山东,D) According to a recent study in the Journal of Consumer Research,both the size and consumption habits of our eating companions can influence our food intake.And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. ... 13.What does the underlined word “beanpoles” in paragraph 1 refer to? A.Big eaters. B.Overweight persons. C.Picky eaters. D.Tall thin persons. 解题思路 D　此题考查词义猜测。根据“And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid.”可知,研究表明,与现存的研究发现(应该避免和食量大的胖人一起吃饭)相反,你真正需 要避开的是胃口大且又高又瘦的人。根据句中“contrary to(与……相反)”可知,画线词与 heavier people 意义相反,故正确答案为 D 项(高而瘦的人)。 【典例印证 2】(2020 新高考山东,C) In the mid-1990s,Tom Bissell taught English as a volunteer in Uzbekistan.He left after seven months,physically broken and having lost his mind.A few years later,still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea. His visit,however,ended up involving a lot more than that.... 9.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to? A.Developing a serious mental disease. B.Taking a guided tour in Central Asia. C.Working as a volunteer in Uzbekistan. D.Writing an article about the Aral Sea. 解题思路 D　此题考查代词的指代。根据“still attracted to the country,he returned to Uzbekistan to write an article about the disappearance of the Aral Sea.”这一信息可知,Tom 回到乌兹别克斯坦的目的 本来是写一篇关于咸海是如何消失的文章。由此推知,画线词“that”指代上文中提到的“写文章”这件 事,故答案为 D 项。 (2019 全国Ⅲ,B) For Western designers,China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative. “It’s no secret that China has always been a source(来源) of inspiration for designers,”says Amanda Hill,chief creative officer at A+E Networks,a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion(时尚) shows. Earlier this year,the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of China-inspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art,with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics(美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries.The exhibition had record attendance,showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences. “China is impossible to overlook,” says Hill.“Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world,which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”Of course,not only are today’s top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu are taking on Galliano,Albaz,Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales,”adds Hill. For Hill,it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion.“The most famous designers are Chinese,so are the models,and so are the consumers,”she says.“China is no longer just another market;in many senses it has become the market.If you talk about fashion today,you are talking about China—its influences,its direction,its breathtaking clothes,and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.” 24.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York? A.It promoted the sales of artworks. B.It attracted a large number of visitors. C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes. D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models. 25.What does Hill say about Chinese women? A.They are setting the fashion. B.They start many fashion campaigns. C.They admire super models. D.They do business all over the world. 26.What do the underlined words “taking on” in paragraph 4 mean? A.learning from B.looking down on C.working with D.competing against 27.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in New York C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 解题流程 Step 1　速读文章,把握主旨。 Step 2　研读题干,确定考点。 Step 3　明确题干关键信息,回归原文锁定解题信息。 Step 4　比对四个选项,确定正确答案。 答案详解 【语篇导读】速读文章可知,本文是一篇说明文。文章以国外视角介绍了中国文化及中国美学对国 际时尚的影响,展现了中国对国际时尚和设计发展的引领作用。 24.B　推理判断题。 解题思路该题问“关于纽约的展览,我们可以知道什么信息?”根据题干中的关键信息“the exhibition in New York”可以将解题信息定位到文章第三段。根据该段中第二句“The exhibition had record attendance,showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”可知“出席这次展览的人数创了纪 录,表明人们对中国的影响有极大的兴趣”,由此可推知 B 项“展览吸引了大量的游客”为正确答案。A 项“展览促进了艺术品的销售”,C 项“展览展示了中国古代服装”,D 项“展览旨在介绍中国模特”,均与 文中信息不符或无中生有。 25.A　细节理解题。 解题思路该题问的是“关于中国女性,Hill 说了什么?”根据题干中的关键词“Hill”和“Chinese women” 可以将解题信息定位到文章第四段。根据该段第二句中 Hill 说的话“...which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”可知,“中国女性不仅是时尚的消费 者——她们是时尚运动的核心”。由此可知,Hill 认为中国女性正在引领时尚,故 A 项“她们在确立时 尚”为正确答案。B 项“她们开办许多时尚活动”,C 项“她们羡慕超级模特”和 D 项“她们在全世界做生 意”均与文中信息不符。 26.D　词义猜测题。 解题思路该题问的是第四段中的画线短语“taking on”是什么意思。根据题干中的关键词“taking on” 可以将信息定位到文章第四段中的最后一句“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu are taking on Galliano,Albaz,Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales”。画线词前面的一句提 到“当代一些最优秀的时装设计师本身就是中国人”,本句接着列举了“Vera Wang,Alexander Wang,Jason Wu”三个例子,再结合破折号后的信息“在设计和销售方面都击败了她们”可知,该短语的 意思应是“与……竞争”,故选 D 项。 27.D　主旨大意题。 解题思路该题问的是适合文章的标题是什么。通读全文尤其是第三段和最后一段的最后一句可知, 本文主要介绍了对西方设计师而言,中国极其丰富的文化一直都是西方创作的灵感来源。而 D 项“中 国文化推动国际时尚潮流”概括了文章主旨,最适合作为本文的标题。A 项“年轻模特向世界推销梦 想”属于无中生有,B 项“纽约举办的一场中国艺术展”属于以偏概全,C 项“东西方美学的差异”过于笼 统。 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1 A (2020 全国Ⅰ,A) Train Information All customers travelling on TransLink services must be in possession of a valid ticket before boarding.For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30. While Queensland Rail makes every effort to ensure trains run as scheduled,there can be no guarantee of connections between trains or between train services and bus services. Lost property(失物招领) Call Lost Property on 13 16 17 during business hours for items lost on Queensland Rail services.The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located(位于) at Roma Street station. Public holidays On public holidays,generally a Sunday timetable operates.On certain major event days,i.e.Australia Day,Anzac Day,sporting and cultural days,special additional services may operate.Christmas Day services operate to a Christmas Day timetable.Before travel please visit translink.com.au or call TransLink on 13 12 30 anytime. Customers using mobility devices Many stations have wheelchair access from the car park or entrance to the station platforms.For assistance,please call Queensland Rail on 13 16 17. Guardian trains (outbound) Depart Origin Destination Arrive 6:42pm Altandi Varsity Lakes 7:37pm 7:29pm Central Varsity Lakes 8:52pm 8:57pm Fortitude Valley Varsity Lakes 9:52pm 11:02pmRoma Street Varsity Lakes 12:22a m 1.What would you do to get ticket information? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Call 13 16 17. B.Visit translink.com.au. C.Ask at the local station. D.Check the train schedule. 2.At which station can you find the lost property office? A.Altandi. B.Roma Street. C.Varsity Lakes. D.Fortitude Valley. 3.Which train would you take if you go from Central to Varsity Lakes? A.6:42pm. B.7:29pm. C.8:57pm. D.11:02pm. B (2020 全国Ⅱ,B) Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition(认知) after controlling for differences in parents’ income,education and the amount of parent talk,Levine said. The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. “The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasks that assessed their ability to rotate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement. The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and about half of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parents tended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who played with puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzles than girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active during puzzle play than the parents of girls. The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science. 4.In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play? A.Building confidence. B.Developing spatial skills. C.Learning self-control. D.Gaining high-tech knowledge. 5.What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment? A.Parents’ age. B.Children’s imagination. C.Parents’ education. D.Child-parent relationship. 6.How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play? A.They play with puzzles more often. B.They tend to talk less during the game. C.They prefer to use more spatial language. D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles. 7.What is the text mainly about? A.A mathematical method. B.A scientific study. C.A woman psychologist. D.A teaching program. C (2020 全国Ⅲ,C) With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独),more families are choosing to live together. The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law:she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their two daughters. Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house in Bristol—one of a growing number of multigenerational families in the UK living together under the same roof.They share a front door and a washing machine,but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor. “We floated the idea to my mum of sharing a house,”says Kathryn Whitehead.Rita cuts in:“We spoke more with Nick because I think it’s a big thing for Nick to live with his mother-in-law.” And what does Nick think?“From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.” It’s hard to tell exactly how many people agree with him,but research indicates that the numbers have been rising for some time.Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties of multigenerational family are more common.Some people live with their elderly parents;many more adult children are returning to the family home,if they ever left.It is said that about 20% of 25-34-year-olds live with their parents,compared with 16% in 1991.The total number of all multigenerational households in Britain is thought to be about 1.8 million. Stories like that are more common in parts of the world where multigenerational living is more firmly rooted.In India,particularly outside cities,young women are expected to move in with their husband’s family when they get married. 8.Who mainly uses the ground floor in the Victorian house in Bristol? A.Nick. B.Rita. C.Kathryn. D.The daughters. 9.What is Nick’s attitude towards sharing the house with his mother-in-law? A.Positive. B.Carefree. C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling. 10.What is the author’s statement about multigenerational family based on? A.Family traditions. B.Financial reports. C.Published statistics.D.Public opinions. 11.What is the text mainly about? A.Lifestyles in different countries. B.Conflicts between generations. C.A housing problem in Britain. D.A rising trend of living in the UK. D (2020 年 7 月浙江,A) I am an active playgoer and play-reader,and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theatre with others.To do this I have searched through dozens of plays to find the ones that I think best show the power and purpose of the shirt play. Each player has a theme or central idea which the playwright (剧作家) hopes to get across through dialogue and action.A few characters are sued to create a single impression growing out the theme.It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.However,satire,poignant drama,historical and reginal drama.To show the versatility(多面性) of the short play,I have included a guidance play,a radio play and a television play. Among the writers of the plays in this collection,Paul Green,Susan Glaspell,Maxwell Anderson,Thornton Wilder,Willian Saroyan,and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes for their contributions to the theatre.More information about　the playwrights will be found at the end this book. To get the most out of reading these plays,try to picture the play on stage,with you,the reader,in the audience.The houselights dim(变暗).The curtains are about to open,and in a few minutes the action and dialogue will tell you the story. 12.What do we know about the author from the first paragraph? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.He has written dozens of plays. B.He has a deep love for the theater. C.He is a professional stage actor. D.He likes reading short plays to others. 13.What does the author avoid doing in his work? A.Stating the plays’ central ideas. B.Selecting works by famous playwrights. C.Including various types of plays. D.Offering information on the playwrights. 14.What does the author suggest readers do while reading the plays? A.Control their feelings. B.Apply their acting skills. C.Use their imagination. D.Keep their audience in mind. 15.What is this text? A.A short story. B.An introduction to a book. C.A play review. D.An advertisement for a theater. 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①in possession of 拥有…… ②as scheduled 按照计划 ③lost property 失物招领 ④math-related skills 与数学有关的技能 ⑤interact with sb 与某人互动 ⑥at risk of 有……的风险 ⑦ground floor 底层,一楼 ⑧float the idea 提出想法 ⑨from my standpoint 从我的立场来看 ⑩multigenerational households 多代同堂的家庭 playgoer n.爱看戏的人 play-reader n.剧本读评人 central idea 中心思想 grow out of 产生于…… ruin the pleasure of reading 毁掉了阅读的乐趣 Unit 2 A (2020 全国Ⅱ,A) The Lake District Attractions Guide Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens History,Culture & Landscape(景观).Discover and enjoy 4 centuries of history,5 acres of celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk.Owned by the Hasell family since 1679,home to the International Marmalade Festival.Gifts and antiques,plant sales,museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearoom. Open:29 Mar-29 Oct,Sun to Thurs. Tearoom,Gardens & Gift Shop:10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct). House:11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct). Town:Pooley Bridge & Penrith Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum Those viewing the quality of Abbot Hall’s temporary exhibitions may be forgiven for thinking they are in a city gallery.The impressive permanent collection includes Turners and Romneys and the temporary exhibition programme has Canaletto and the artists from St Ives. Open:Mon to Sat and Summer Sundays.10.30-17.00 Summer.10.30-16.00 Winter. Town:Kendal Tullie House Museum & Art Gallery Discover,explore and enjoy award-winning Tullie House,where historic collections,contemporary art and family fun are brought together in one impressive museum and art gallery.There are four fantastic galleries to visit from fine art to interactive fun,so there’s something for everyone! Open:High Season 1 Apr-31 Oct:Mon to Sat 10.00-17.00,Sun 11.00-17.00. Low Season 1 Nov-31 Mar:Mon to Sat 10.00-16.30,Sun 12.00-16.30. Town:Carlisle Dove Cottage & The Wordsworth Museum Discover William Wordsworth’s inspirational home.Take a tour of his Lakeland cottage,walk through his hillside garden and explore the riches of the collection in the Museum.Visit the shop and relax in the café.Exhibitions,events and family activities throughout the year. Open:Daily,09.30-17.30(last admission 17.00). Town:Grasmere 1.When is the House at Dalemain Mansion & Historic Gardens open on Sundays in July? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.09.30-17.30. B.10.30-16.00. C.11.15-16.00. D.12.00-16.30. 2.What can visitors do at Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum? A.Enjoy Romney’s works. B.Have some interactive fun. C.Attend a famous festival. D.Learn the history of a family. 3.Where should visitors go if they want to explore Wordsworth’s life? A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere. B (2020 全国Ⅰ,B) Returning to a book you’ve read many times can feel like drinks with an old friend.There’s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books don’t change,people do.And that’s what makes the act of rereading so rich and transformative. The beauty of rereading lies in the idea that our bond with the work is based on our present mental register.It’s true,the older I get,the more I feel time has wings.But with reading,it’s all about the present.It’s about the now and what one contributes to the now,because reading is a give and take between author and reader.Each has to pull their own weight. There are three books I reread annually.The first,which I take to reading every spring,is Ernest Hemingway’s A Moveable Feast.Published in 1964,it’s his classic memoir of 1920s Paris.The language is almost intoxicating(令人陶醉的),an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.Another is Annie Dillard’s Holy the Firm,her poetic 1975 ramble(随笔) about everything and nothing.The third book is Julio Cort￿zar’s Save Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because Cort￿zar. While I tend to buy a lot of books,these three were given to me as gifts,which might add to the meaning I attach to them.But I imagine that,while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,rereading an author’s work is the highest currency a reader can pay them.The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.But remember,it’s you that has to grow and read and reread in order to better understand your friends. 4.Why does the author like rereading? A.It evaluates the writer-reader relationship. B.It’s a window to a whole new world. C.It’s a substitute for drinking with a friend. D.It extends the understanding of oneself. 5.What do we know about the book A Moveable Feast? A.It’s a brief account of a trip. B.It’s about Hemingway’s life as a young man. C.It’s a record of a historic event. D.It’s about Hemingway’s friends in Paris. 6.What does the underlined word “currency” in paragraph 4 refer to? A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance. D.Face value. 7.What can we infer about the author from the text? A.He loves poetry. B.He’s an editor. C.He’s very ambitious. D.He teaches reading. C (2020 全国Ⅱ,C) When you were trying to figure out what to buy for the environmentalist on your holiday list,fur probably didn’t cross your mind.But some ecologists and fashion(时装) enthusiasts are trying to bring back the market for fur made from nutria(海狸鼠). Unusual fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn have showcased nutria fur made into clothes in different styles.“It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year,”says Cree McCree,project director of Righteous Fur. Scientists in Louisiana were so concerned that they decided to pay hunters $5 a tail.Some of the fur ends up in the fashion shows like the one in Brooklyn last month. Nutria were brought there from Argentina by fur farmers and let go into the wild.“The ecosystem down there can’t handle this non-native species(物种).It’s destroying the environment.It’s them or us,”says Michael Massimi,an expert in this field. The fur trade kept nutria in check for decades,but when the market for nutria collapsed in the late 1980s,the cat-sized animals multiplied like crazy. Biologist Edmond Mouton runs the nutria control program for Louisiana.He says it’s not easy to convince people that nutria fur is green,but he has no doubt about it.Hunters bring in more than 300,000 nutria tails a year,so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur. Then there’s Righteous Fur and its unusual fashions.Model Paige Morgan says,“To give people a guilt- free option that they can wear without someone throwing paint on them—I think that’s going to be a massive thing,at least here in New York.”Designer Jennifer Anderson admits it took her a while to come around to the opinion that using nutria fur for her creations is morally acceptable.She’s trying to come up with a label to attach to nutria fashions to show it is eco-friendly. 8.What is the purpose of the fashion shows in New Orleans and Brooklyn? A.To promote guilt-free fur. B.To expand the fashion market. C.To introduce a new brand. D.To celebrate a winter holiday. 9.Why are scientists concerned about nutria? A.Nutria damage the ecosystem seriously. B.Nutria are an endangered species. C.Nutria hurt local cat-sized animals. D.Nutria are illegally hunted. 10.What does the underlined word “collapsed” in paragraph 5 probably mean? A.Boomed. B.Became mature. C.Remained stable. D.Crashed. 11.What can we infer about wearing fur in New York according to Morgan? A.It’s formal. B.It’s risky. C.It’s harmful. D.It’s traditional. D (2020 天津,D 改编) After years of observing human nature,I have decided that two qualities make the difference between men of great achievement and men of average performance curiosity and discontent.I have never known an outstanding man who lacked either.And I have never known an average man who had both.The two belong together. Together,these deep human urges(驱策力)count for much more than ambition.Galileo was not merely ambitious when he dropped objects of varying weights from the Leaning Tower at Pisa and timed their fall to the ground.Like Galileo,all the great names in history were curious and asked in discontent,“Why? Why? Why?” Fortunately,curiosity and discontent don’t have to be learned.We are born with them and need only recapture them. “The great man,” said Mencius(孟子),“is he who does not lose his child’s heart.”Yet most of us do lose it.We stop asking questions.We stop challenging custom.We just follow the crowd.And the crowd desires only the calm and restful average.It encourages us to occupy our own little corner,to avoid foolish leaps into the dark,to be satisfied. Most of us meet new people,and new ideas,with hesitation.But once having met and liked them,we think how terrible it would have been,had we missed the chance.We will probably have to force ourselves to waken our curiosity and discontent and keep them awake. How should you start? Modestly,so as not to become discouraged.I think of one friend who couldn’t arrange flowers to satisfy herself.She was curious about how the experts did it.How she is one of the experts,writing books on flower arrangement. One way to begin is to answer your own excuses.You haven’t any special ability? Most people don’t; there are only a few geniuses.You haven’t any time? That’s good,because it’s always the people with no time who get things done.Harriet Stowe,mother of six,wrote parts of Uncle Tom’s Cabin while cooking.You’re too old? Remember that Thomas Costain was 57 when he published his first novel,and that Grandma Moses showed her first pictures when she was 78. However you start,remember there is no better time to start than right now,for you’ll never be more alive than you are at this moment. 12.What does the example of Galileo tell us? A.Trial and error leads to the finding of truth. B.Scientists tend to be curious and ambitious. C.Creativity results from challenging authority. D.Greatness comes from a lasting desire to explore. 13.What can you do to recapture curiosity and discontent? A.Observe the unknown around you. B.Develop a questioning mind. C.Lead a life of adventure. D.Follow the fashion. 14.What can we learn from Paragraphs 6 and 7? A.Gaining success helps you become an expert. B.The genius tends to get things done creatively. C.Lack of talent and time is no reason for taking no action. D.You should remain modest when approaching perfection. 15.What could be the best title for the passage? A.Curious Minds Never Feel Contented B.Reflections on Human Nature C.The Keys to Achievement D.Never Too Late to Learn 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①award-winning adj.获奖的 ②contemporary art 当代艺术 ③interactive fun 互动乐趣 ④the riches of the collection 丰富的收藏品 ⑤pull one’s own weight 尽力工作,尽本分 ⑥figure out 想出,弄清楚 ⑦cross one’s mind(念头等)出现在脑中,突然想起 ⑧fashion enthusiast 时装爱好者 ⑨showcase v.展示 ⑩in different styles 以不同的式样 a massive thing 一件大事 eco-friendly adj.对环境无害的;环保的 men of average performance 表现一般的人 in discontent 不满足地 waken one’s curiosity 唤醒某人的好奇心 follow the crowd 随大流 Unit 3 A (2020 全国Ⅲ,A) Journey Back in Time with Scholars Classical Provence (13 days) Journey through the beautiful countryside of Provence,France,with Prof.Ori Z.Soltes.We will visit some of the best-preserved Roman monuments in the world.Our tour also includes a chance to walk in the footsteps of Van Gogh and Gauguin.Fields of flowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋顶) villages and tasty meals enrich this wonderful experience. Southern Spain (15 days) Spain has lovely white towns and the scent(芳香) of oranges,but it is also a treasury of ancient remains including the cities left by the Greeks,Romans and Arabs.As we travel south from Madrid with Prof.Ronald Messier to historic Toledo,Roman Mérida and into Andalucia,we explore historical monuments and architecture. China’s Sacred Landscapes (21 days) Discover the China of “past ages,” its walled cities,temples and mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.Highlights(精彩之处) include China’s most sacred peaks at Mount Tai and Hangzhou’s rolling hills,waterways and peaceful temples.We will wander in traditional small towns and end our tour with an exceptional museum in Shanghai. Tunisia (17 days) Join Prof.Pedar Foss on our in-depth Tunisian tour.Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga,the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia,Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata,unique for underground cities.Our journey takes us to picturesque Berber villages and lovely beaches. 1.What can visitors see in both Classical Provence and Southern Spain? 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.Historical monuments. B.Fields of flowers. C.Van Gogh’s paintings. D.Greek buildings. 2.Which country is Prof.Thorp most knowledgeable about? A.France. B.Spain. C.China. D.Tunisia. 3.Which of the following highlights the Tunisian tour? A.White towns. B.Underground cities. C.Tile-roofed villages. D.Rolling hills. B (2020 全国Ⅲ,B) When “Rise of the Planet of the Apes” was first shown to the public last month,a group of excited animal activists gathered on Hollywood Boulevard.But they weren’t there to throw red paint on fur-coat-wearing film stars.Instead,one activist,dressed in a full-body monkey suit,had arrived with a sign praising the filmmakers:“Thanks for not using real apes(猿)!” The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture(动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像).In this case,one of a realistic-looking ape. Yet “Apes” is more exception than the rule.In fact,Hollywood has been hot on live animals lately.One nonprofit organization,which monitors the treatment of animals in filmed entertainment,is keeping tabs on more than 2,000 productions this year.Already,a number of films,including “Water for Elephants,”“The Hangover Part Ⅱ” and “Zookeeper,” have drawn the anger of activists who say the creatures acting in them haven’t been treated properly. In some cases,it’s not so much the treatment of the animals on set in the studio that has activists worried;it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.And there are questions about the films made outside the States,which sometimes are not monitored as closely as productions filmed in the States. 4.Why did the animal activists gather on Hollywood Boulevard? A.To see famous film stars. B.To oppose wearing fur coats. C.To raise money for animal protection. D.To express thanks to some filmmakers. 5.What does paragraph 2 mainly talk about? A.The cost of making “Apes.” B.The creation of digitalized apes. C.The publicity about “Apes.” D.The performance of real apes. 6.What does the underlined phrase “keeping tabs on” in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.Listing completely. B.Directing professionally. C.Promoting successfully. D.Watching carefully. 7.What can we infer from the last paragraph about animal actors? A.They may be badly treated. B.They should take further training. C.They could be traded illegally. D.They would lose popularity. C (2020 全国Ⅰ,C) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running,research shows,while most likely contributing to fewer injuries.It does,however,have its own problem. Race walkers are conditioned athletes.The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50- kilometer race walk,which is about five miles longer than the marathon.But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact(接触) with the ground at all times.It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however,says Jaclyn Norberg,an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem,Mass. Like running,race walking is physically demanding,she says.According to most calculations,race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour,which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking,although fewer than running,which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. However,race walking does not pound the body as much as running does,Dr.Norberg says.According to her research,runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step,while race walkers,who do not leave the ground,create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. As a result,she says,some of the injuries associated with running,such as runner’s knee,are uncommon among race walkers.But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips,so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport.In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique,she says.It takes some practice. 8.Why are race walkers conditioned athletes? A.They must run long distances. B.They are qualified for the marathon. C.They have to follow special rules. D.They are good at swinging their legs. 9.What advantage does race walking have over running? A.It’s more popular at the Olympics. B.It’s less challenging physically. C.It’s more effective in body building. D.It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. 10.What is Dr.Norberg’s suggestion for someone trying race walking? A.Getting experts’ opinions. B.Having a medical checkup. C.Hiring an experienced coach. D.Doing regular exercises. 11.Which word best describes the author’s attitude to race walking? A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tolerant. D.Conservative. D (2020 全国Ⅱ,D) I have a special place in my heart for libraries.I have for as long as I can remember.I was always an enthusiastic reader,sometimes reading up to three books a day as a child.Stories were like air to me and while other kids played ball or went to parties,I lived out adventures through the books I checked out from the library. My first job was working at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years old.It was a dream job and I did everything from shelving books to reading to the children for story time. As I grew older and became a mother,the library took on a new place and an added meaning in my life.I had several children and books were our main source(来源) of entertainment.It was a big deal for us to load up and go to the local library,where my kids could pick out books to read or books they wanted me to read to them. I always read,using different voices,as though I were acting out the stories with my voice and they loved it!It was a special time to bond with my children and it filled them with the wonderment of books. Now,I see my children taking their children to the library and I love that the excitement of going to the library lives on from generation to generation. As a novelist,I’ve found a new relationship with libraries.I encourage readers to go to their local library when they can’t afford to purchase a book.I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) for readers and writers,a bridge that helps put together a reader with a book.Libraries,in their own way,help fight book piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers should support libraries in a significant way when they can.Encourage readers to use the library.Share library announcements on your social media.Frequent them and talk about them when you can. 12.Which word best describes the author’s relationship with books as a child? A.Cooperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual. 13.What does the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer to? A.Pleasure from working in the library. B.Joy of reading passed on in the family. C.Wonderment from acting out the stories. D.A closer bond developed with the readers. 14.What does the author call on other writers to do? A.Sponsor book fairs. B.Write for social media. C.Support libraries. D.Purchase her novels. 15.Which can be a suitable title for the text? A.Reading:A Source of Knowledge B.My Idea about Writing C.Library:A Haven for the Young D.My Love of the Library 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①best-preserved monument 保存最好的纪念碑 ②ancient remains 古代遗迹 ③highlight 精彩之处 ④in-depth tour 深度游 ⑤animal activist 动物活动家 ⑥realistic-looking adj.看起来逼真的 ⑦in some cases 在某些情况下;有时候 ⑧off-set training 脱岗培训 ⑨at all times 不论什么时候 ⑩physically demanding 体力要求高的 at a pace of...以……的速度 be associated with...与……有关 place stress on...强调……,重视…… check out books 借出图书 pick out books 挑选图书 bond with sb 与……建立联系 Unit 4 A (2019 全国Ⅰ,A) Need a Job This Summer? The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs.The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program. Not a student?Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills,find a job or start businesses all year round. Jobs for Youth If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program,which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. Who is eligible:Youth 15-18 years old in select communities(社区). Summer Company Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses. Who is eligible:Students aged 15-29,returning to school in the fall. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer. Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year. Summer Employment Opportunities(机会) Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program,students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service,its related agencies and community groups. Who is eligible:Students aged 15 or older.Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability. 1.What is special about Summer Company? 　　 　　　　　　　 A.It requires no training before employment. B.It provides awards for running new businesses. C.It allows one to work in the natural environment. D.It offers more summer job opportunities. 2.What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program? A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17. 3.Which program favors the disabled? A.Jobs for Youth. B.Summer Company. C.Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D.Summer Employment Opportunities. B (2019 全国Ⅱ,B) “You can use me as a last resort(选择),and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.” This was an actual reply from a parent after I put out a request for volunteers for my kids’ lacrosse(长曲棍球) club. I guess that there’s probably some demanding work schedule,or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug at the heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren’t even on... At this point the unwilling parent speaks up,“Alright.Yes,I’ll do it.” I’m secretly relieved because I know there’s real power in sharing volunteer responsibilities among many.The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of- season gifts.Somewhere along the way,the same parent ends up becoming an invaluable member of the team.The coach is able to focus on the kids while the other parents are relieved to be off the hook for another season.Handing out sliced oranges to bloodthirsty kids can be as exciting as watching your own kid score a goal. Still,most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of relief when the season comes to a close.That relief is coupled with a deep understanding of why the same people keep coming back for more:Connecting to the community(社区)as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good. In that sense,I’m pretty sure volunteering is more of a selfish act than I’d freely like to admit.However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies? 4.What can we infer about the parent from her reply in paragraph 1? A.She knows little about the club. B.She isn’t good at sports. C.She just doesn’t want to volunteer. D.She’s unable to meet her schedule. 5.What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean? A.Encourage teamwork. B.Appeal to feelings. C.Promote good deeds. D.Provide advice. 6.What can we learn about the parent from paragraph 3? A.She gets interested in lacrosse. B.She is proud of her kids. C.She’ll work for another season. D.She becomes a good helper. 7.Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A.It gives her a sense of duty. B.It makes her very happy. C.It enables her to work hard. D.It brings her material rewards. C (2020 全国Ⅰ,D) The connection between people and plants has long been the subject of scientific research.Recent studies have found positive effects.A study conducted in Youngstown,Ohio,for example,discovered that greener areas of the city experienced less crime.In another,employees were shown to be 15% more productive when their workplaces were decorated with houseplants. The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse,even unusual functions.These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater.“We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that we use every day,”explained Michael Strano,a professor of chemical engineering at MIT. One of his latest projects has been to make plants glow(发光) in experiments using some common vegetables.Strano’s team found that they could create a faint light for three-and-a-half hours.The light,about one-thousandth of the amount needed to read by,is just a start.The technology,Strano said,could one day be used to light the rooms or even to turn trees into self-powered street lamps. In the future,the team hopes to develop a version of the technology that can be sprayed onto plant leaves in a one-off treatment that would last the plant’s lifetime.The engineers are also trying to develop an on and off “switch” where the glow would fade when exposed to daylight. Lighting accounts for about 7% of the total electricity consumed in the US.Since lighting is often far removed from the power source(电源)—such as the distance from a power plant to street lamps on a remote highway—a lot of energy is lost during transmission(传输).Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy. 8.What is the first paragraph mainly about? A.A new study of different plants. B.A big fall in crime rates. C.Employees from various workplaces. D.Benefits from green plants. 9.What is the function of the sensors printed on plant leaves by MIT engineers? A.To detect plants’ lack of water. B.To change compositions of plants. C.To make the life of plants longer. D.To test chemicals in plants. 10.What can we expect of the glowing plants in the future? A.They will speed up energy production. B.They may transmit electricity to the home. C.They might help reduce energy consumption. D.They could take the place of power plants. 11.Which of the following can be the best title for the text? A.Can we grow more glowing plants? B.How do we live with glowing plants? C.Could glowing plants replace lamps? D.How are glowing plants made pollution-free? D (2020 全国Ⅲ,D) We are the products of evolution,and not just evolution that occurred billions of years ago.As scientists look deeper into our genes(基因),they are finding examples of human evolution in just the past few thousand years.People in Ethiopian highlands have adapted to living at high altitudes.Cattle-raising people in East Africa and northern Europe have gained a mutation(突变) that helps them digest milk as adults. On Thursday in an article published in Cell,a team of researchers reported a new kind of adaptation—not to air or to food,but to the ocean.A group of sea-dwelling people in Southeast Asia have evolved into better divers.The Bajau,as these people are known,number in the hundreds of thousands in Indonesia,Malaysia and the Philippines.They have traditionally lived on houseboats;in recent times,they’ve also built houses on stilts(支柱) in coastal waters.“They are simply a stranger to the land,”said Rodney C.Jubilado,a University of Hawaii researcher who studies the Bajau. Dr. Jubilado first met the Bajau while growing up on Samal Island in the Philippines.They made a living as divers,spearfishing or harvesting shellfish.“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders,”Dr. Jubilado said.“I could see them actually walking under the sea.” In 2015,Melissa Ilardo,then a graduate student in genetics at the University of Copenhagen,heard about the Bajau.She wondered if centuries of diving could have led to the evolution of physical characteristics that made the task easier for them.“It seemed like the perfect chance for natural selection to act on a population,”said Dr. Ilardo.She also said there were likely a number of other genes that help the Bajau dive. 12.What does the author want to tell us by the examples in paragraph 1? A.Environmental adaptation of cattle raisers. B.New knowledge of human evolution. C.Recent findings of human origin. D.Significance of food selection. 13.Where do the Bajau build their houses? A.In valleys. B.Near rivers. C.On the beach. D.Off the coast. 14.Why was the young Jubilado astonished at the Bajau? A.They could walk on stilts all day. B.They had a superb way of fishing. C.They could stay long underwater. D.They lived on both land and water. 15.What can be a suitable title for the text? A.Bodies Remodeled for a Life at Sea B.Highlanders’ Survival Skills C.Basic Methods of Genetic Research D.The World’s Best Divers 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①paid employment 有偿工作 ②hands-on business training 实际业务培训 ③related agency 相关机构 ④put out a request 提出要求 ⑤speak up 大胆地说,公开表态 ⑥end-of-season adj.季末的 ⑦invaluable adj.极有用的,极宝贵的 ⑧bloodthirsty adj.残忍的;嗜血的 ⑨be coupled with...与……相结合 ⑩in that sense 从那个意义上说 on and off switch 电源开关 account for...占……比例 billions of...数十亿…… look deep into...深入观察(研究)…… at high altitudes 在海拔很高的地方 act on 对……起作用;对……有功效 专题二　七选五阅读 考情透析谋对策 ●明晰体裁与题材特点,缩小刷题数量 试卷 体裁 题材 文章长 度 命题特点 山东 说明 文 如何成为一名优秀的演 讲者 216 全国 Ⅰ 说明 文 自我接受的小技巧 225 全国 Ⅱ 说明 文 工作中交流运用表情符 号的好处 201 2020 全国 Ⅲ 说明 文 乔迁聚会的定义、习俗 及来源 235 全国 Ⅰ 说明 文 新鲜空气有益健康 237 全国 Ⅱ 说明 文 如何保持动力来实现自 己的目标 2442019 全国 Ⅲ 说明 文 网络课上与教授互动交 流的注意事项 199 全国 Ⅰ 说明 文 颜色在家庭设计中的作 用 249 全国 Ⅱ 说明 文 晨练的好处 2112018 全国 Ⅲ 说明 文 跳舞的力量与价值 186 1.以说明文为主,文章结构清晰,内容完整,适合考查段落标题、 主题句和过渡句等。 2.篇章结构:提出问题→解决问题。 3.词数 300 左右。正文词数 200 左右,选项词数 100 左右。 4.体现正能量。体现人文关怀,突出生活体验,能够非常好地帮 助考生建立正确的世界观和价值观。 ●透析题型设置,采用高效答题技巧 试卷 挖空位置 题型设置 2020山东 段首 1 题;段中 3 题;段 尾 1 题 1.挖空位置主要在段首或者段中,也有在段尾的情况。 全国 Ⅰ 段首 1 题;段中 3 题;段 尾 1 题 全国 Ⅱ 段首 1 题;段中 4 题 全国 Ⅲ 段首 1 题;段中 3 题;段 尾 1 题 全国 Ⅰ 段首 2 题;段中 2 题;段 尾 1 题 全国 Ⅱ 段首 1 题;段中 4 题2019 全国 Ⅲ 段首 1 题;段中 3 题;段 尾 1 题 全国 Ⅰ 段首 2 题;段中 2 题;段 尾 1 题 全国 Ⅱ 段首 2 题;段中 2 题;段 尾 1 题2018 全国 Ⅲ 段首 2 题;段中 2 题;段 尾 1 题 2.挖空内容以考查上下文逻辑关系为主,考查段落主题句为辅。间或考查段 尾的结论概括性语句。 3.七个选项意义都与文章内容相关。 ●新高考评价体系下的备考启示——实现满分小目标,方向方法都重要 ◆专项训练精、准、巧。七选五阅读主要考查对文章的整体内容和结构以及上下文的逻辑意义的 理解。分析文章结构是很多考生的弱项,因此要对这种理清文章脉络的能力进行强化训练。加强归 纳段落标题、归纳段落主题句、寻找过渡句、寻找上下文联系等的专项训练,以此来规范做题思路, 形成好的阅读习惯。 ◆强化说明文的结构分析。说明文常就某一个问题从不同的角度来加以说明,文章可以用来说明某 一个存在的社会现象或者我们生活中所面临的某个具体难题。作者会选择一个合适的角度,有条不 紊地对其加以说明。分析文章结构就是弄清楚文章内容和结构上的关系和布局,理解文章段落之间 的关系、段落内的关系、句子与句子之间的关系,从而从结构上和内容上分辨选项信息属于文章的 哪一段,或者哪一段的哪一部分。这样就能比较准确地确定选项的位置。 题型指导寻技法 命题方式 七选五阅读考查考生的阅读理解能力、语篇分析能力、上下文逻辑关系判断能力。 文章的篇章结构通常分为两个层次:一是段落之间的层次;二是段落内部的层次。命题人会根据这些 层次以及要点词句进行设题,包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转折词的句子 等。全文设置 5 个空白,空缺的是一句话,以此来打断文章的整个结构和逻辑,要求考生在短时间内掌 握文章要点和逻辑思路,利用相应的策略来找到适当的选项回填入文。 一、挖空位置在段首 1.往往考查段落主题句。通常情况下段落的中心都会出现在本段的开头部分。这对考生把握本段和 理解全文有指导性意义。考生可以根据段落一致性原则,推断出该段的主题句。 2.可能是承上启下句。在段首挖空的内容也可能是承上启下的句子,这就需要瞻前顾后,既要根据上 段结尾的内容,又要结合下一段的内容,分析所选内容是否能将两段内容连贯起来。 二、挖空位置在段尾 段尾挖空内容通常是结论、概括性语句。选项中会设置表示结果、结论、总结等的关联词。 三、挖空位置在段中 挖空位置如果在段中,往往考查上下文的逻辑关系,则所填句子的含义应与前句、后句保持一致。此 处往往有体现前后句逻辑关系的关联词。 技巧点拨 一、上下文语境分析法 段落中挖空的句子通常在语境和逻辑关系方面和上下文有密切的关系,所以确定正确选项的方法是 所选的选项应该在语境方面和逻辑关系方面与原文中的上下文无缝衔接,无论在文意上,还是说话者 的语气上都应保持一致。 【典例印证】Have you ever visited a garden that seemed just right for you,where the atmosphere of the garden appeared to total more than the sum(总和) of its parts?　36　.But it doesn’t happen by accident.It starts with looking inside yourself and understanding who you are with respect to the natural world and how you approach the gardening process. F.You can produce that kind of magical quality in your own garden,too 解题思路 F　此句为过渡句,承上启下。上文问句的大意是:你是否曾经拜访过一个似乎为你准备的 花园,花园的整体气氛非常和谐饱满。再根据下文的“But it doesn’t happen by accident.”可知,此处要 表示自己也能创造出这种效果。故 F 项符合上下文语境。 二、词汇复现法 复现不是指词语的简单再现,而是指某个词语可能以不同的词类、词性、数、格、时态及语态等形 式出现,如 read,reading,reader。有时也会以同义词或反义词的形式出现。 【典例印证】First,understand that some opportunities(机会)for daydreaming are better than others.Feeling safe and relaxed will help you to slip into daydreams.　38　 And if you want to improve your chances of having a creative idea while you’re daydreaming,try to do it while you are involved in another task—preferably something simple,like taking a shower or walking,or even making meaningless drawings. A.Having interesting things to think about also helps. B.They stare off into space and wander by themselves. C.Without wandering minds,we wouldn’t have relativity,Coke or Post-it notes. 解题思路 A　选项中的“also helps”与空前一句中的“help”对应,且两句话主语形式统一,都说的是做白 日梦的条件,故 A 项为正确答案。句意为“思考一些有趣的事情对此也有帮助”。 三、词汇指代法 英语文章中有时会用代词或定冠词来指代前面提及的名词或者前面的一个句子,如 it,they,this,these,the,all 等。分析逻辑关系时也应注意这些代词所指代的内容。 【典例印证】Building Trust in a Relationship Again Trust is a learned behavior that we gain from past experiences.　36　 Trust is a risk.But you can’t be successful when there’s a lack of trust in a relationship that results from an action where the wrongdoer takes no responsibility to fix the mistake. ... A.Learn to really trust yourself. B.It is putting confidence in someone. 解题思路 B　根据上句“信任是我们从过去的经历中获取的一种行为”和下句“信任是一种冒险”可知, 此空选 B 项,本句是对第一句话的进一步解释:“信任是信赖某人”。由于前文出现了名词 trust,这里 B 项中用 it 指代它。 四、挖空位置推理法 1.挖空位置在段首,可能是段落主题句。此时要阅读后文内容,找出同义词或者其他相关的词汇,推断 出主题句;段首的挖空句也可能是段落间的过渡句,这时要瞻前顾后找启示,阅读上一段结尾部分,结 合下一段内容,看看所考虑的选项是否能将两段内容连接起来;段首的挖空句也可能与后文存在并 列、转折、因果关系等,这就要着重阅读后文的第一、二句,锁定线索信息词,然后在选项中查找相关 特征词,答案句一定与挖空后的第一句在意思上紧密衔接。 【典例印证】 　38　 Fresh fish should smell sweet:you should feel that you’re standing at the ocean’s edge.Any fishy or strong smell means the fish isn’t fresh.Do not buy it.When you have bought a fish and arrive home,you’d better store the fish in the refrigerator if you don’t cook it immediately,but fresh fish should be stored in your fridge for only a day or two.Frozen fish isn’t as tasty as the fresh one. F.When buying fish,you should first smell it. 解题思路 F　由空后的句子主要讲述“买鱼时要先闻鱼的气味”可知,F 项“When buying fish,you should first smell it.”能够与下文相辅相成。 2.挖空位置在段尾,通常是结论性、概括性的语句。注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的 信息词。段尾的挖空也可能是引出下一段的内容。如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联,此时可 以考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接。段尾的挖空可能与前文构成转折或者对比关系,此时要在 选项中查找表示转折或者对比的词;段尾的挖空也可能与前文构成并列或者排比关系,此时通常是该 段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节,因此要根据段落一致性原则,在原文和选项中找到相关的特 征词。如果在文章第一段的段尾挖空,就要看此处是细节还是主旨。通常情况下,第一段要提出文章 的主题,那就要看一下挖空句子是否与后面的各段内容一致。 【典例印证】Finally,you never know what wonderful idea might strike while your mind has moved slowly away.　40　 Always remember that your best ideas might come when your head is actually in the clouds. E.It involves slow,steady breathing for self-control that helps people stay calm and attentive. F.Daydreams are often very simple and direct,quite unlike sleep dreams,which may be hard to understand. G.Therefore,it’s a good idea to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby when you’re in the daydream zone. 解题思路 G　文章介绍白日做梦的利与弊,并指出在人类历史上有许多伟大的想法或成就都是白日 做梦促成的。这里说的是你永远也不知道是否在做白日梦的过程中会产生一些好的主意。段尾挖 空内容通常是结论、概括性语句。选项 G 中的“to keep a notebook or voice recorder nearby”很好地解 决了上句话中提出的问题,同时 Therefore 很好地把两句话进行了衔接,故答案为 G 项。 五、关联词语推断法 英语中段落之间、句子之间经常会运用关联词表示衔接或过渡,以使文章更加连贯、表达更加清楚, 因此文章中表示各种逻辑关系的关联词在选择答案时都是很好的线索。常见的关联词有: 因果关系:so,therefore,thus,consequently,as a result 等。 条件关系:as(so)long as,on condition that,if,unless 等。 并列关系:firstly,secondly,thirdly;first,next,then,...;in the first place,in the second place,...;for one thing,for another,...等。 转折关系:however,nevertheless,though,yet,otherwise 等。 对比关系:on the contrary,in contrast,by comparison 等。 层递关系:also,further,furthermore,likewise,similarly,moreover,in addition 等。 解释关系:for example,for instance,in fact,actually 等。 总结说明:in conclusion,in short,to sum up,to conclude,in a word 等。 定义关系:namely,in other words,that is to say,or rather 等。 【典例印证】A code uses symbols to replace words,phrases,or sentences.To read the message of a real code,you must have a code book.With a code book,you might write down words that would stand for other words.For example,“bridge” might stand for “meet” and “out” might stand for “me”.The message “Bridge out” would actually mean “Meet me.” 　40　 However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.So codes must be changed frequently. A.It is very hard to break a code without the code book. 解题思路 A　根据空格后的 However 可知前后句之间存在逻辑上的转折或者让步关系。上文指出 了利用密码本破解密码的方式。根据后文的“However,it is also hard to keep a code book secret for long.”可知,没有密码本很难破解密码,故 A 项符合语境。 (2020 新高考山东) Some individuals are born with a gift for public speaking.　16　 Do you want to be a good public speaker?Here are some principles you must master. People want to listen to someone who is interesting,relaxed and comfortable.Too often,when you stand up to give a speech,you focus on the “public” at the expense of the “speaking.”　17　 Focus on the speaking.Talk directly to your audience,be yourself and make a connection. Even the most successful public speaker will make mistakes.Yet,the only one who cares about any mistake is the one who is speaking.People’s attention wanders constantly.In fact,most people only absorb about 20 percent of a speaker’s message.So,don’t stop speaking when you make a mistake unless it’s a truly serious one.　18　 Your goal is not to be a perfect public speaker.　19　 And like everything else in life,that takes practice.Remember,even world champion athletes practice their skills on a consistent basis. 　20　 It’s rare to hear someone say,“I wish that speaker had spoken longer.”On the other hand,you probably can’t count the times that you’ve thought,“I’m glad that talk is over.It seemed to go on forever!” So surprise your audience.Always make your presentation just a bit shorter than anticipated.It’s better to leave your listeners wishing for more than shifting restlessly in their seats waiting for your speech finally to end. A.Do the opposite. B.You want to be an effective public speaker. C.You don’t need to apologize for a minor slip. D.When it comes to public speaking,less is usually more. E.The objective of most speeches is to benefit the audience. F.Take the fear out of public speaking by focusing on your listeners. G.However,the majority of people are effective speakers because they train to be. 解题流程 Step 1 浏览选项,阅读正文,明确目标。理解选项句意,并找出选项中的关联词。然后带着选项速读全文,重 点关注文章首尾句、文章标题、段落标题,把握文章大意,理解全文逻辑关系,再根据上下文语段内 容,初步确定部分题目的答案。 Step 2 仔细阅读,抓住关键,筛选答案。了解了文章大意和选项内容之后,回头细读文章,分析上下文语段之 间的联系,分析空格处前后内容的关系,寻找线索词,匹配关键词,确定有把握的选项。 Step 3 代入选项,审视差异,确定答案。对于拿不准的选项,多考虑命题人的命题思路和文章主旨,与文章主 旨一致的选项往往是正确答案。 答案详解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何成为一名受人欢迎的演讲者给出了一些建议,即注意 和听众互动,在有错误时应继续往下讲,不断练习等。 16.G　考查过渡句。 解题思路上下文语境分析题。上一句提到“一些人生来就有公开演讲的天赋”,与此承接的语意应该 是另一些人则要经过后天培训,故选 G 项“然而,大多数人能成为有影响力的演说家,是因为他们受过 训练”。G 项中的“the majority of people(大多数人)”对应上一句的“some individuals(一些人)”,“train to be(训练使然)”对应上一句的“are born with(与生俱来)”。 17.A　考查过渡句。 解题思路上下文语境分析题。前面一句说的是“当你站在公众面前演讲时,大多数情况下你关注的是 公众,却牺牲了演讲”,言外之意,作者认为演讲者应关注演讲本身而不是公众,故选 A 项“反过来做”。 F 选项虽然也提到要关注“听众”,但是选项中的“the fear”前文中没有提到,因而排除。 18.C　考查段尾句。 解题思路词汇复现题。前文说的是“即使最成功的演说家也会犯错……所以,除非错误非常严重,否则 犯了错也不要停止演讲”。由此可推断设空处应该与“犯错”有关,故选项 C“你没有必要为小失误而道 歉”。a minor slip(小错误)与前文的 a mistake 为同义替换。 19.B　考查过渡句。 解题思路词汇指代题。由前一句“你的目标不是成为一名完美的演说家”可以锁定 B、E 两个选项。 但后一句“就像生活中的其他一切事情一样,这需要练习”中有关键词“that”,因此空格处应提及“that” 指代的内容,故选 B 项“你想成为一名有影响力的演说家”,这是需要加以练习的。 20.D　考查段首句。 解题思路挖空位置推理题。空格后提到“很少听到有人会说:‘我希望演讲者能讲得更久一些。’” 另外,本段还给出了建议“总是让你的演讲比预期的稍短一点”,由此可知,位于本段段首的空格处应与 缩短演讲时间有关。D 项“说到公开演讲,通常越少就是越多”符合本段主题。此处的“less”指的是 “less time”,“more”指的是“more benefits”或者“more gains”。 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1 A (2020 全国Ⅰ) A Few Tips for Self-Acceptance We all want it...to accept and love ourselves.But at times it seems too difficult and too far out of reach.　1　 Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction. ●　2　 Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good-enough.Why do you follow them?Are you hoping that eventually you will feel empowered because your life is better than theirs?Know that your life is your own;you are the only you in this world. ●Forgive yourself for mistakes that you have made.We are often ashamed of our shortcomings,our mistakes and our failures.　3　 You will make mistakes,time and time again.Rather than getting caught up in how you could have done better,why not offer yourself a compassionate(有同情心) response?“That didn’t go as planned.But,I tried my best.” ●Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today.　4　 ●Now that you’ve listed your strengths,list your imperfections.Turn the page in your journal.Put into words why you feel unworthy,why you don’t feel good enough.Now,read these words back to yourself.　 5　 Turn to a page in your journal to your list of strengths and achievements.See how awesome you are? A.Feeling upset again? B.Where do you start? C.Nothing is too small to celebrate. D.Remember,you are only human. E.Set an intention for self-acceptance. F.Stop comparing yourself with others. G.When does the comparison game start? B (2020 全国Ⅱ) Emoji(表情符号) and Workplace Communication In Asia,messaging platforms are growing rapidly,with users in the hundreds of millions,both at work and play.　1　.It’s been reported that 76 percent of employees in some western countries are using emojis at work. Written communications can often read as cold and dull.Using emojis can add humor and feeling,keeping intention clear.　2　,encouraging better and more frequent communication. In any given office,employees can range from age 22 to 70 and beyond,and finding common ground in communication style can be a challenge.　3　.While the younger generations prefer to communicate visually,for those used to working with traditional tools like email,it may feel like a learning curve(曲 线).The good news is that it’s simple to learn and can be worth the effort. There is also the matter of tone(语气).Who hasn’t received an email so annoying that it ruined an entire day?　4　.Emoji can help communication feel friendlier,and even a serious note can be softened with an encouraging smile. 　5　,and emoji can contribute directly to that positive outcome.And when your employees begin adding smiling emojis to their business communication,you’ll know you have succeeded in improving your work culture. A.Messages with emojis feel more conversational B.Even a formal email can seem cold and unfriendly C.Sending smiling faces to colleagues may seem strange D.The popularity of these platforms is spreading globally E.Giving employees the tools enables them to communicate honestly F.Studies show that friendlier communication leads to a happier workplace G.An easy way to bring all work generations together is with a chat platform C (2020 全国Ⅲ) A housewarming party is a special party to be held when someone buys or moves into a new apartment or house.The person who bought the house or moved is the one who throws the party.The party is a chance for friends and family to congratulate the person on the new home.　1　 And it is a good time to fill the new space with love and hopefully presents. 　2　 Some people register a list of things they want or need for their new home at a local store or stores.Some common things people will put on a gift registry include kitchen tools like knives and things like curtains.Even if there isn’t a registry,a good housewarming gift is something to decorate the new house with,like a piece of art or a plant. 　3　 This is often appreciated since at a housewarming there isn’t a lot of food served.There are usually no planned activities like games at a housewarming party.The host or hostess of the party will,however,probably give all the guests a tour of their new home.Sometimes,because a housewarming party happens shortly after a person moves into their new home,people may be asked to help unpack boxes.　4　 Housewarming parties get their name from the fact that a long time ago people would actually bring firewood to a new home as a gift.　5　 Now most homes have central heating and don’t use fires to keep warm. A.This isn’t usual though. B.It is traditional to bring a gift to a housewarming party. C.You can also bring food or drinks to share with the other guests. D.If you’re lucky enough to receive gifts,keep them in a safe place. E.It also gives people a chance to see what the new home looks like. F.The best housewarming parties encourage old friends to get together. G.This was so that the person could keep their home warm for the winter. D (2020 浙江) I experienced years of loneliness as a child.　1　 His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.With no other kids of my age in the neighborhood,I had to spend hours by myself. A bright spot for me turned out to be reading.My love of the written word began early as my mother read to me every evening.　2　 I started reading books on my own before age 5 and my mother took me to the public library once a week to borrow several books.I quickly graduated from typical children’s books to ones with fewer pictures and longer chapters.Reading opened new worlds to me.　3　 My mother also encouraged me to make what I wanted.I tried making toy cars with cardboard boxes and constructing buildings from leftover cardboard and bits of wood my father gave me.When my mother saw my creations,she told me how creative my designs were.　4　 I learned a lot about how to extend the life of objects and transform them into something new and useful.It was a trait(特点) others found helpful,and I soon had friends who wanted to make things with me. 　5　 My parents made it a point for their two kids to spend time outside,no matter the weather or season.My brother,of course,raced off to be with his friends,while I had plenty to do myself.There was making leaf houses in autumn,ice skating in winter,and so much more.They’re all memories I treasure today. A.I wasn’t alone any longer. B.I enjoyed reading stories aloud. C.I was invited to play with another kid. D.I loved the colorful photographs in the books. E.Another habit I formed early was being outdoors. F.Thus,I began my lifelong interest in making things. G.My older brother couldn’t be bothered to play with me. 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①a handful of ways 为数不多的方法 ②feel empowered 感到有力量 ③get caught up in...陷入……,卷入…… ④imperfection n.不足之处 ⑤messaging platform 短信平台 ⑥find common ground in...在……找到共同点 ⑦be worth the effort 值得付出努力 ⑧positive outcome 积极的结果 ⑨a housewarming party 乔迁庆宴 ⑩throw a party 举办一次派对 planned activities 计划好的活动 babysit sb 照看某人 transform...into...把……变成 make it a point to do sth 特别留意做某事 can’t be bothered to do sth 不愿意做某事 Unit 2 A (2019 全国Ⅰ) Is Fresh Air Really Good for You? We all grew up hearing people tell us to “go out and get some fresh air”.　1　 According to recent studies,the answer is a big YES,if the air quality in your camping area is good. 　2　 If the air you’re breathing is clean—which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities— then the air is filled with life-giving,energizing oxygen.If you exercise out of doors,your body will learn to breathe more deeply,allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles(肌肉) and your brain. Recently,people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing(治愈).　3　 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.It turns out that just looking at green,growing things can reduce stress,lower blood pressure,and put people into a better mood(情 绪).Greenery is good for us.Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead.　4　 It gives us a great feeling of peace. 　5　While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin,they also give us beneficial Vitamin D.To make sure you get enough Vitamin D—but still protect your skin—put on sunscreen right as you head outside.It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working,and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D. A.Fresh air cleans our lungs. B.So what are you waiting for? C.Being in nature refreshes us. D.Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight. E.But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said? F.Just as importantly,we tend to associate fresh air with health care. G.All across the country,recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens. B (2019 全国Ⅱ) Imagine a child standing on a diving board four feet high and asking himself the question:“Should I jump?”This is what motivation or the lack of it can do.Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.　1　 Like the child on the diving board,you will stay undecided. 　2　 More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?First,you need to evaluate yourself,your values,your strengths,your weaknesses,your achievements,your desires ,etc.Only then should you set your goals. You also need to judge the quality and depth of your motivation.This is quite important,because it is directly related to your commitment.There are times when your heart is not in your work.　3　 So,slow down and think what you really want to do at that moment.Clarity(清晰)of thoughts can help you move forward. Another way of setting realistic goals is to analyze your short and long term objectives,keeping in mind your beliefs,values and strengths.Remember that goals are flexible.　4　 They also need to be measurable.You must keep these points in mind while setting your goals. Your personal circumstances are equally important.For example,you may want to be a pilot but can’t become one because your eyesight is not good enough.　5　 You should reassess your goals,and motivate yourself to set a fresh goal. You will surely need to overcome some difficulties,some planned,but most unplanned.You cannot overcome them without ample motivation.Make sure that you plan for these difficulties at the time of setting your goals. A.This can affect your work. B.So how should you motivate yourself? C.However,this should not discourage you. D.So why should we try to set specific goals? E.They can change according to circumstances. F.Motivation is what you need most to do a good job. G.Without motivation,you can neither set a goal nor reach it. C (2019 全国Ⅲ) In an online class,developing healthy patterns of communication with professors is very important.　1　 While I have only listed two of each,there are obviously many other situations that can arise.Students should be able to extend the logic(逻辑)of each to their particular circumstance. Do’s •　2　 Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions about the course design,read the syllabus(教学大纲)and learning management system information to be sure the answer isn’t hiding in plain sight. •Participate in discussion forums(论坛),blogs and other open-ended forums for dialogue.　3　 Be sure to stay on topic and not offer irrelevant information.Make a point,and make it safe for others to do the same. Don’ts •Don’t share personal information or stories.Professors are not trained nurses,financial aid experts or your best friends.If you are in need of a deadline extension,simply explain the situation to the professor.　 4　 •Don’t openly express annoyance at a professor or class.　5　 When a student attacks a professor on the social media,the language used actually says more about the student.If there is truly a concern about a professor’s professionalism or ability,be sure to use online course evaluations to calmly offer your comments. A.That’s what they are for. B.Turn to an online instructor for help. C.If more information is needed,they will ask. D.Remember that online professors get a lot of emails. E.Below are some common do’s and don’ts for online learners. F.Everyone has taken a not-so-great class at one time or another. G.Ask questions,but make sure they are good,thoughtful questions. D (2019 浙江) Rock music consists of many different styles.Even though there is a common spirit among all music groups,they make very different music.　1　At that time the Beatles entered the world of music from Liverpool. After they were given an invitation to appear live on BBC,the Beatles quickly became famous in Britain with nationwide tours.By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.　2　 They held large concerts and performed at clubs.They became the hottest thing on the pop music scene in England.They began as a modestly successful musician group and ended the year as show business legends(传说).John Lennon and Paul McCartney were named composers of the year. 　3　 They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.Beatlemania hit New York on February 7,1964.Hundreds of fans jammed the airport to greet them.　4　The concert was broadcast live and attracted the largest one night audience in the history of television up to that time.The Beatles were described as a British invasion(入侵) by local and nationwide newspapers at that time.Their victory in America was still remembered as a major turning point in the history of rock and roll.Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.　5　 A.They decided on a tour to the United States in 1964. B.Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time. C.Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s. D.However,their songs changed the lives of generations to come. E.Many rock bands were able to follow in the footsteps of the Beatles. F.They appeared in the films A Hard Day’s Night(1964) and Help!(1965). G.They performed their first concert in America at CBS television’s 53rd street studio. 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①at a faster rate 以更快的速度 ②side benefit 附带的好处 ③be directly related to...与……有直接联系 ④long term objective 长期目标 ⑤measurable adj.可测量的,可度量的 ⑥reassess one’s goal 重新评估目标 ⑦according to circumstances 根据情况 ⑧pattern of communication 交流模式 ⑨stay on topic 紧扣主题,不要离题 ⑩express annoyance at sb 对某人表示生气 professionalism n.专业水平(素质) at one time or another 曾经 a modestly successful musician group 一个不太成功的音乐群体 jam the airport 堵塞机场 follow in the footsteps of sb 步某人后尘,走某人的路 模块二　完形填空 考情透析谋对策 ●明晰体裁与题材特点,缩小刷题数量 试卷 体裁 题材 文章 长度 命题特点 山东 记叙文 保护湿地 211 全国 Ⅰ 记叙文 不要对孩子说谎 229 全国 Ⅱ 记叙文 主人公无意中购得两 幅名家油画真迹 2582020 全国 Ⅲ 记叙文 应对难对付的顾客 243 全国 Ⅰ 夹叙夹 议文 保护乞力马扎罗山 260 全国 Ⅱ 记叙文 帮人找回宠物狗 2812019 全国 Ⅲ 说明文 科技改变生活 253 全国 Ⅰ 记叙文 大学时学习国际象棋 的感悟 270 全国 Ⅱ 记叙文 救人碰巧营救了自己 的儿子 2662018 全国 Ⅲ 记叙文 一条错发的短信引发 的善与美的故事 260 1.选材以记叙和夹叙夹议文为主,偶尔涉及说明文,纯粹的议论文 近三年没有涉及。 2.从题材上看,内容新颖、时尚,体现核心素养,突出“励志性、教 育性和启发性”,反映正确的价值导向,彰显正能量。 ●透析题型设置,采用高效答题技巧 设空方式 年份试卷 联系 上文 联系 下文 通览 全篇 命题特点 山东 6 7 2 全国 Ⅰ 7 7 6 全国 Ⅱ 5 8 72020 全国 Ⅲ 8 5 7 全国 Ⅰ 8 9 3 全国 Ⅱ 7 11 22019 全国 Ⅲ 8 10 2 全国 Ⅰ 10 8 2 全国 Ⅱ 11 7 22018 全国 Ⅲ 9 8 3 1.联系上文和下文设空的题目占了约 70%,结合语篇设空的题目占了约 30%。 2.山东卷完全考查实词(名词、动词、形容词和副词),全国卷也以实词考查为主, 介词和连词等虚词考查少;选项形式也有不一致的情况。 3.单纯考查词汇搭配、语法知识和文化背景的题目少,必须结合语境进行推断和 分析。 ●新高考评价体系下的备考启示——实现满分小目标,方向方法都重要 ◆重视词汇学习。完形填空文章以及选项设计词汇量大,考查细腻。常考查词汇的拓展意义,多义 词、熟词生义等都是学习的重点。 ◆强化专题训练。加强针对性的专题训练,提高篇章意识,培养逻辑思维能力。完形填空多是向善、 励志的文本,更要求学生能身临其境,要有很强的画面感,选题时注意文章的立意。 ◆增加阅读量。大量接触地道的语言材料,体会异国文化,习惯英语的思维表达方式,培养语感。 ◆兼顾“说明文和议论文”。平时训练时可侧重记叙文、夹叙夹议文的练习,但议论文、说明文也要 适当兼顾。只许高考不考,不许考生不备。 题型指导寻技法 文体一　记叙文和夹叙夹议文 命题方式 1.注重情感态度,彰显励志性 记叙文和夹叙夹议文完形填空素材的选择通常会注重语言材料的思想性、知识性和时代性,语言材 料会突出对情感态度的表达和对文化意识的渗透,突出其“励志性”和“教育性”,反映正确的价值导向, 彰显正能量。 2.叙述形式不一,情感表达细腻 记叙文完形填空多以人物思想和行为为中心,以时间或空间的变化为线索,按事件的发生、发展和结 束来展开叙述。用第一人称展开叙述,让考生身临其境,以参与者的角度进行揣摩,从字里行间感受作 者的态度和情感,以及其动作和行为。 3.短文情节曲折,充满正能量 夹叙夹议文或告诉读者一个道理,或引人思考,或给人乐趣。一般说来,文章记叙的内容积极时尚、情 节曲折动人、富有知识性和趣味性;文章的议论部分是记叙的升华,兼具教育性和启发性。 4.利用文体特点,考查语篇层次 夹叙夹议类文章中,记叙和议论交错运用。有的是以议论引出记叙,有的是在记叙的基础上发表议 论。由于记叙和议论交错运用,大大充实了文章内容,增强了文章的层次感。命题人会以此来设题,检 测考生能否抓住全文结构,理清文章层次,以此考查考生对语篇层次的准确把握。 技巧点拨 1.研读首句,抓住全文主旨 记叙类的文章首句会交代 4 个“W”,即 when,where,who,what,首句往往是整篇文章的引领句,概括了整 篇文章的中心和写作意图。而且每段的首句通常具有承上启下的作用,是文章发展过程的重要线 索。细读首句可以预测文章的主旨大意。记叙文中情节发展的走向始终体现文章的主题思想。对 主旨大意的正确把握有助于考生对文章细节的正确理解,从而选出正确的答案。 【典例印证】 My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way,we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said,“ Lost my job.Family to feed.” 解题思路从第一句可知,作者和孩子们周末去超市购物。人物、时间、地点都有介绍,让读者知道事 件发生的大致情况,起到了引领全文的作用。 2.前后联系,寻找关键信息 记叙文以叙述为主,绝大部分篇幅在描述事件发生的时间、空间以及人物的发展和变化。因此,考生 只能借助上下文乃至全文语境来揣摩作者对各个角色和事件的态度。 【典例印证】I turned around and saw a 　　　　　woman with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip. 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A.careful B.serious C.nervous D.pleasant 解题思路 A.careful 细心的,精心的 B.serious 严肃的,认真的 C.nervous 紧张的,不安的选项意思 D.pleasant 愉快的,友善的 信息来源 本句下文 关键词 with a big smile on her face 剖析:D　根据下文的“with a big smile on her face waving to wish me a safe trip”可知,此处表示的是“一位友善 的女士”。 3.利用语境,注意复现词汇 完形填空的命题特点之一就是词汇在具体语境中的利用。做题时,首先应准确把握词汇的意思。同 时应利用好上下文重复出现的信息。这些信息有时是原词复现,有时是同义词复现、近义词复现、 同根词复现、概括词复现以及反义词用于否定句中等。 【典例印证】 Aunt Dede,a teacher,had read the book to her students,and they loved it.　Even　 the youngest children in the class were 　45　 by the story. 45.A.surprised B.annoyed C.puzzled D.attracted 解题思路 A.surprise 吃惊 B.annoy 烦恼 C.puzzle 迷惑选项意思 D.attract 吸引 信息来源 上文 关键词 loved 剖析:D　根据上文的“loved”可知,此处选 attract“吸引”,而 surprise“吃惊”,annoy“烦恼”,puzzle“迷惑”,均不符合题 意。 4.通过常识,作出合理选择 记叙类完形填空题所选的文章多具有一定的故事情节和教育意义,这些语篇非常贴近学生的生活,涉 及日常生活常识。考生在解题时,可以根据常识作出选择。 【典例印证】 Once fire and emergency people arrived,Larry and the other man backed off and let them go to work.Then,Larry asked the 　57　 if he was needed or 　free　 to go.They let him and the other man go. 57.A.woman B.police C.man D.driver 解题思路 A.woman 妇女 B.police 警察 C.man 男人选项意思 D.driver 司机 信息来源 文章语境和常识 关键词 fire and emergency people 剖析:B　根据生活常识,当急救人员到达后,其他临时救援的非专业人员当然要后退。Larry 肯定是 向警察询问。 5.体会情感,注意氛围和谐 记叙类完形填空的文章往往具有一定的感情色彩。首先要理解作者说话的语气和文章的感情色彩, 而这种语气和色彩多是贯穿全文的。做题时要融入故事中,把握人物的情感态度、人际关系以及文 章语气的一致性、意思的连贯性、表达的合理性等,读懂作者微妙的情感和态度,抓住像 luckily,however,therefore,even,still 等词语,要充分体会上下文语言的和谐性,理解文章的深层含义。 【典例印证】 When we handed him the bag of food,he lit up and thanked us with 　53　 eyes. 53.A.sleepy B.watery C.curious D.sharp 解题思路 A.sleepy 困的 B.watery 湿润的,水汪汪的 C.curious 好奇的选项意思 D.sharp 尖锐的 信息来源 文章情感和氛围 关键词 lit up;thanked 剖析:B　通过语境可以得知,当我们把那袋子食物递给乞讨的男子时,他非常高兴,眼含热泪感谢我们。全文讲述 的是一个令人感动的故事,因此选 watery。这里指眼里满含泪水。 6.依托记叙内容,归纳议论观点 在夹叙夹议文中,叙述和议论不可分割,记叙的目的是议论;议论的目的是说明作者的观点和态度,是 对记叙部分的评价或分析,是故事的升华。做题时需要把文章中的记叙和议论结合起来,保持两者的 一致。 【典例印证】It struck me that playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.I think it is a general principle.　19　 is the best teacher. 19.A.Experience B.Independence C.Curiosity D.Interest 解题思路 A.experience 经验;经历 B.independence 独立;自主 C.curiosity 好奇心;好奇选项意思 D.interest 兴趣;利益 信息来源 文章记叙部分 关键词 playing against the other team;a general principle 剖析:A 作者的女儿参加一项娱乐性足球赛并进入了锦标赛。周六在与水平更高的队比赛时她们队输了,但是她 们的球队善于学习,周日比赛时她们表现得完全不同,居然还进一球。作者由此感慨:实践出真知,经验是最好的 老师。这句话就是叙述后的议论,是升华的部分,因此填 experience。 文体二　说明文 命题方式 1.利用文章结构,考查全文脉络 说明文以“说明”为主要表达方式,用来说明情况、阐明事理。在说明文完形填空中,作者一般是首先 提出要说明的对象,如某个事物、某种现象、某项科学研究,然后按照某种顺序进行介绍或说明,给人 以正确的思想或科学的知识。 2.利用说明角度,考查上下文细节 说明文所呈现的方式往往较为单一,多用现在时进行客观地说明,遣词用句简练平实。由于以上特点, 这类文章的 每一段往往就是其中的一个角度或侧面,命题人往往设置题目,考查考生对上下文内容的理解。 3.利用说明过程,考查词汇运用 作者说明事物会选择一个合适的顺序,有条不紊地对其加以说明。常见的说明顺序有时间顺序、空 间顺序、逻辑顺序和认知顺序等。命题人往往会根据说明的过程设置题目,考查考生对词汇的理解 和辨析。 技巧点拨 1.理清文章结构 只有理清了文章结构,了解了各部分之间的关系,才能掌握主旨大意,加深对文章的整体理解。换句话 说,考生应对全文有一个清晰的概念,明白文章的各部分都是为了表达同一个主题,这样在略读时就更 容易把握含空格的句子的真正含义,答题就会变得轻而易举。 【典例印证】 Visitors to the dry,hot Sonoran Desert of the southern Arizona and northern Mexico are amazed at the many-armed giants.They are the saguaro cacti(树形仙人掌),a giant which gives the landscape its 　1　 (unique)appearance.In the dry desert the saguaro cacti can live for more than 200 years,grow to a 　2　 (height)of 60 feet,and have as many as 50 arms. More amazingly,the saguaro cacti still persist despite the unbearable desert climate.Those that have grown to old age have 　3　 (lived through)droughts,freezes,flash floods,and bush fires as well as the 　4　 (damage)caused by groups of rats that eat their seedlings(秧苗).Like all other desert plants,these leafless giants can store water for use during the desert’s long dry seasons by 　5　 (absorbing)water through their long roots. Naturally,the great saguaro cacti are a(n) 　6　 (vital)part of the desert life.Actually the giants may be 　7　 (home)to many animals.In addition,after a saguaro turns the age of 50 or so,cold-resistant flowers come out at the top of the plants once a year.These flowers 　8　 (fascinate)birds,bats and bees,which come for the honey and for the tasty flowers with their black seeds. Although the splendid saguaros are plentiful in the Southwest,they are unfortunately 　9　 (in danger).These giant cacti have great value in landscape gardening,and the thieves can earn thousands of dollars by uprooting and 　10　 (selling)them to nurseries(苗圃).To protect these southwestern 　11　 (treasures),agents for the Arizona Department of Agriculture go around and 　12　 (watch over)the desert.Without the saguaro cacti,many desert animals would suffer a lack of 　13　 (food)and loss of nesting sites.The Southwest,too,would 　14　 (lose)something of unique importance,since these desert giants have become a 　15　 (symbol)of the dry region. 解题思路 主 旨 大 意 本文从形状、生活特性、经济价值等方面介绍了索诺兰沙漠的标志性植物——树形仙人掌。 第一段:概括介绍了其寿命、高度和外形,这些使之成为索诺兰沙 漠独特的植被特点。 第 1 题选 unique(独特的),说明仙人掌的 特点; 第 2 题选 height(高度),说明其外形。 第二段:介绍了其生存能力。 第 3 题选 lived through 表示“经历恶劣 环境”;说明其生存能力; 第 4 题选 damage,表示其生存的艰难; 第 5 题选 absorbing,表示其吸水的能 力。 第三段:介绍了仙人掌对于生态环境的重要性。索诺兰沙漠树形 仙人掌是很多动物的栖息地,其耐寒的花朵吸引了很多动物。 第 6 题选 vital,表明其重要性; 第 7 题选 home,be home to many animals“是很多动物的栖息地”; 第 8 题选 fascinate,表明其吸引鸟、蝙蝠 和蜜蜂。 第四段:索诺兰沙漠树形仙人掌处于危险中,应该受到保护。 第 9 题选 in danger 表示“处于危险中”; 第 10 题选 selling,表示小偷们会把它们 偷去卖钱; 第 11 题选 treasures,说明索诺兰沙漠树 形仙人掌是沙漠里的宝贝; 第 12 题选 watch over,要好好守护这片 沙漠; 第 13 题选 food,如果没有这些仙人掌,动 物就会缺乏食物; 第 14 题选 lose,西南地区就会失去其重 要性; 第 15 题选 symbol,索诺兰沙漠树形仙人 掌已经成了干旱地区的标志。 方 法 总 结 理清文章脉络,弄清楚每个段落的大意、段落之间的联系。做题时,要选择与这个段落主旨相一致的选项。 反过来说,当不确定选哪个选项的时候,再回头看本段的意思,然后选择与之相符的内容。 2.掌握说明顺序 为了清楚、条理地说明事物,作者通常会使用列举等各种方法来说明顺序和步骤,考生需要格外注意 这些线索和走势。 【典例印证】 First of all...Then...　2　,the pen should make a thick,dark line.Fine-line pens may compensate for bad handwriting,but fine,delicate lines do not command attention next to printed text,as,for example,a signature on a printed letter.A broader line,on the other hand,gives an impression of confidence and authority(权 威). 2.A.Meanwhile B.Generally C.Afterwards D.Finally 解题思路 A.meanwhile 与此同时 B.generally 一般来说 C.afterwards 后来选项意思 D.finally 最后 信息来源 文章说明顺序 关键词 first of all;then 剖析:D　作者为了介绍怎样选择好用的钢笔使用了过渡词 first of all,then 等引出相关的细节内容,然后选 finally, 与前面的过渡词保持一致。在说明文完形填空试题中,要特别注意文中用来举例或说明步骤、方法或过程等的 单词或短语。 3.利用逻辑关系 说明文完形填空通常通过上下文的逻辑关系来命题。理清上下文之间是怎样的逻辑关系,找准关键 信息词,可以帮助考生解题。 【典例印证】 Hundreds of people have formed impressions of you through that little device(装置) on your desk.And they’ve never actually met you.Everything they know about you came through this device,sometimes from hundreds of miles away.　43　 they feel they can know you just from the sound of your voice.That’s how powerful the telephone is. 43.A.Thus B.Yet C.Then D.Indeed 解题思路 A.thus 因此(表示因果关系) B.yet 然而(表示转折关系) C.then 然后(表示时间先后顺序)选项意思 D.indeed 确实(用来加强语气) 信息来源 上下文的逻辑关系 关键词 just from 剖析:B　上文说,很多人只凭桌上一个小小的装置(电话)就有了对你的印象,即使你们从未谋面。他们对你的一 切了解都来自于这台装置,有时甚至相隔好几百英里。这里说,然而,他们感觉仅通过你的声音就能了解你是个 什么样的人。thus“因此,这样”;yet“然而”;then“于是,接着”;indeed “的确;确实”。根据句意选 B 项。 4.理解所举事例 作者为了说明一件事情或一个道理,通常会举出具体的事例。举例说明是说明文的常用手法,也是做 题的突破口。 【典例印证】 To find the meaning from text-based clues,you should look for clues in the sentence.A second kind of clue does not rely on specific words to indicate the meaning.This kind of context clue is called a framework- based clue.Your knowledge of the meaning of surrounding words helps you discover the meaning of a word or sentence.Common sense and your knowledge of the part of speech also help define unknown words.For example,the angry driver shouted vehemently during his fight with the other driver.What does “vehemently” 　56　?You know what 　57　 means,and you know how people feel when they argue.From this,you can figure out that “vehemently” has something to do with strong emotion or intense feelings. 56.A.mean B.use C.contain D.complete 57.A.angry B.grateful C.happy D.anxious 解题思路 A.mean 意思是 B.use 使用 C.contain 容纳;包含56. D.complete 完成 A.angry 生气的 B.grateful 感激的 C.happy 高兴的 选项意思 57. D.anxious 渴望的;着急的 信息来源 文章说明的道理 关键词 the angry driver;You know what 　57　 means 剖析:56.A　57.A　本文主要介绍在阅读过程中学习生词的方法和技巧。有时候在阅读中所遇到的生词可以通 过语境知道其含义。空格前面的句子说,常识和对词性的了解也有助于(读者)给生词下定义。为了表达上文的 意思,作者举例说,一个发怒的司机与另一个司机吵架的过程中喊叫着。这里用副词 vehemently 来修饰动词 shouted。作者这里肯定问的是:“vehemently”是什么意思呢?因此 56 题选 A 项,与下文中的“You know what 　57　 means”形成呼应。57 题选 A 项,意思是“你知道 angry 是什么意思,而且你(也)知道人们在争辩时的感受”,也与上 文中的“the angry driver”相呼应。因此理解所举例子对理解文章所述道理非常有帮助。 文体三　议论文 命题方式 1.利用文体特点,考查对作者观点的理解 完形填空议论文的文体特点比较典型,首句往往是文章的主旨句。作者一般在文章的首段提出论点, 然后在各段的首句提出分论点。 2.根据论点论据的一致性,考查对上下文语境的把握 一般说来,能说明论据主要内容的答案可以在论点里得到印证,而论点里的某些答案也可以与论据有 机地结合起来,使论点和论据形成相辅相成的关系,从而使整篇文章前后一致。命题者会根据这个前 后一致的原则设置一些题目,考查考生能否将文章的论点、论据及结论有机地结合起来,并依据自己 对全文的理解及各部分的逻辑关系选出正确答案。 3.依据写作手段,考查语用能力 议论文通常使用对比、强调、让步、举例和对照等手段。因此,考生应根据文章结构和上下文的语 境和逻辑关系作出选择。注意文章的过渡词和衔接词。 技巧点拨 1.先易后难,各个击破 议论文完形填空一般难度较大,可以采用“先易后难,各个击破”的办法。首先应快速浏览文章,初步了 解文章的主旨大意,初步确定相对简单的题目的答案,此时,对文章意义的把握就会更加完整和准确。 对于试题中较难的题目,应联系上下文,运用逻辑推理,结合已选答案所提供的信息,进行分析推敲。 2.瞻前顾后,寻觅逻辑 文章上下文的逻辑关系包括并列、转折、条件、因果、递进、让步等。它们之间有的通过连接词 来表达,有的逻辑关系则隐含在句与句之间,需要分析理解。考生应该根据前后信息进行思考,拨开迷 雾,准确理解上下文之间的逻辑关系,理清文章的脉络,作出正确的选择。 【典例印证】 Then,as a smart student,you will seek to improve those skills that you use in study,　19　 reading and writing.If you learn to read better and write better,there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies. 19.A.chiefly B.briefly C.actually D.occasionally 解题思路 A.chiefly 主要地 B.briefly 简要地 C.actually 事实上选项意思 D.occasionally 偶尔 信息来源 上下文的逻辑关系 关键词 read better and write better;big benefits 剖析:A　作为一个聪明的学生,你应该努力寻求方法来提高这些在学习上使用的技能。根据下文“If you learn to read better and write better,there are big benefits that pay off in all your studies.”可知,学习上的技能主要是阅读和写 作。 3.分析句子,对比结构 文章的句与句之间、段与段之间紧密相连,浑然一体。议论文通常围绕某一论点,通过推理、归纳、 对比和分析等手法加以证明,这样就会使用各种句式或者结构。解题时,分析理清句子结构有助于理 解作者的观点,会使得一些题目迎刃而解。 【典例印证】 I suppose the positive side is that solitude(隐居)is still possible for anyone who really wants it.Computers can be shut down and mobile phones can be turned off.The ability to be “connected” and “on” has many 　 3　,as well as disadvantages. 3.A.aspects B.weaknesses C.advantages D.exceptions 解题思路 A.aspect 方面 B.weakness 弱点 C.advantage 优势选项意思 D.exception 例外 信息来源 上下文的对比关系 关键词 as well as disadvantages 剖析:C　该题中 as well as 是一个表示并列关系的词组,所以后面的 disadvantages 和空格处应该是并列关系,是 说有许多优点也有许多缺点,故选 advantages。 (2020 新高考山东) Molai grew up in a tiny village in India.The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 　 21　.He learned the value and beauty of 　22　 there from a very young age. When he was 16,Molai began to notice something 　23　 happening around his home.A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 　24　 it caused had driven away a number of birds.　25　,the number of snakes had declined as well.He 　26　 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 　27　.The solution,of course,was to plant trees so the animals could seek 　28　 during the daytime.He turned to the 　29　 department for help but was told that nothing would grow there.However,Molai went looking on his own and 　30　 a nearby island where he began to plant trees. 　31　 young plants in the dry season was 　32　 for a lone boy.Molai built at the 　33　 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform,where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 　34　 rainwater.The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below. Molai 　35　 to plant trees for the next 37 years.His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally- grown land that has become home to many plants and animals. 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 21.A.dream B.job C.home D.choice 22.A.nature B.youth C.culture D.knowledge 23.A.precious B.interesting C.disturbing D.awkward 24.A.waste B.tension C.pain D.damage 25.A.Besides B.However C.Therefore D.Otherwise 26.A.agreed B.realized C.remembered D.predicted 27.A.noise B.heat C.disease D.dust 28.A.directions B.partners C.help D.shelter 29.A.labor B.police C.forest D.finance 30.A.rebuilt B.discovered C.left D.managed 31.A.Decorating B.Observing C.Watering D.Guarding 32.A.tough B.illegal C.fantastic D.beneficial 33.A.back B.top C.foot D.side 34.A.cool down B.keep off C.purify D.collect 35.A.returned B.learned C.failed D.continued 解题流程 Step 1　速读文章,把握大意。 Step 2　先易后难,初定答案。 Step 3　瞻前顾后,突破疑难。 Step 4　回读全文,验证答案。 答案详解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。在印度的一个小村庄里有一个男子几十年如一日地在村庄周边 的荒岛上植树造林,最后把荒岛变成了多种动植物的家园。 21.C　Molai 在印度一个小村落长大,小村落位于湿地附近,于是这些湿地就成了他的第二个家 (home)。第二段中“...happening around his home”也是个提示。home“家;故乡”; dream“梦想”; job“工 作”; choice“选择”。故选 C 项。 22.A　他从很小就懂得自然(nature)的价值和美感。nature“自然”;youth“青春”; culture“文 化”;knowledge“知识”。 23.C　 16 岁时,Molai 开始意识到他家周围发生的令人不安的(disturbing)事情。disturbing“令人不安 的”; precious“珍贵的”;interesting“有趣的”;awkward“尴尬的”。 24.D　那年年初,一场洪水突袭了这一区域,洪水带来的危害(damage)驱赶了大量的鸟类。cause a damage“带来危害”。damage“危害”;waste“垃圾”;tension“紧张”;pain“疼痛”。 25.A　此外(Besides),蛇类数量也减少了。此处 besides 表递进关系。 26.B　他意识到(realized)这是由于缺乏足够的植被来保护它们。realize“意识到”; agree“同意”; remember“记得”;predict“预测”。 27.B　没有植被的保护,热浪(heat)袭来,蛇类减少。heat“热”; noise“噪音”;disease“疾病”;dust“尘土”。 28.D　解决的办法当然是植树来让动物们白天找到遮蔽(shelter)的地方。shelter“庇护,遮蔽”; direction“方向”;partner“同伴”;help“帮助”。 29.C　树木属于森林部门管理,所以他到森林(forest)部门寻求帮助,然而被告知那里什么也不长。 30.B　Molai 只能依靠自己,他发现了(discovered)附近的一个海岛,于是开始在海岛植树。discover“发 现”; rebuild“重建”; leave“离开”;manage“想方设法做到”。 31.C　干旱季节给小树浇水(watering)对于一个男孩来说的确很艰难(tough)。 32.A　tough“艰难的”;illegal“不合法的”;fantastic“难以置信的”; beneficial“有益的”。 33.B　他在每棵小树顶端(top)搭建了一个竹台。 34.D　竹台上放置了带着小洞的陶罐来收集(collect)雨水。collect“收集”;cool down“冷却”; keep off“不接近”;purify“(使)净化”。 35.D　 此后的 37 年间,Molai 一直继续植树。continue“继续”;return“回到”;learn“学习”;fail“失败,没有 能够”。 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1 A (2020 全国Ⅰ改编) Since our twins began learning to walk,my wife and I have kept telling them that our sliding glass door is just a window.The 　1　 is obvious.If we admit it is a door,they’ll want to go outside 　2　.It will drive us crazy.The kids apparently know the 　3　.But our insisting it’s merely a window has kept them from 　 4　 millions of requests to open the door. I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll 　5　 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 　6　. I wonder if parents should always tell the truth no matter the 　7　.I have a very strong 　8　 that the lie we’re telling is doing spiritual damage to our children.Windows and doors have 　9　 metaphorical(比 喻) meanings.I’m telling them they can’t open what they absolutely know is a door.What if later in 　 10　 they come to a metaphorical door,like an opportunity(机会) of some sort,and instead of opening the door and taking the opportunity,they just 　11　 it and wonder,“What if it isn’t a door?”That is,“What if it isn’t a 　12　 opportunity?” Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.But the 　13　 is that I shouldn’t lie to my kids.I should just 　14　 repeatedly having to say,“No.We can’t go outside now.”Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 　15　 to open them and walk through. 　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　 1.A.relief B.target C.reason D.case 2.A.gradually B.constantly C.temporarily D.casually 3.A.result B.danger C.method D.truth 4.A.reviewing B.approving C.receiving D.attempting 5.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out 6.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact 7.A.restrictions B.explanations C.differences D.consequences 8.A.demand B.fear C.desire D.doubt 9.A.traditional B.important C.double D.original 10.A.life B.time C.reply D.history 11.A.get hold of B.stare at C.knock on D.make use of 12.A.real B.typical C.similar D.limited 13.A.safety rule B.comfort zone C.bottom line D.top secret 14.A.delay B.regret C.enjoy D.accept 15.A.hurry B.decide C.hesitate D.intend B (2020 全国Ⅱ改编) It was just after sunrise on a June morning.“Nicolo,”whose real name cannot be 　1　 to the public because of Italy’s privacy laws,finished working the whole night at a factory in Turin.As he often did,he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)”　2　 by the Italian police where things found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.There,among many other things,Nicolo spotted two paintings he thought would look 　3　 above his dining room table.Nicolo and another bidder 　4　 until Nicolo finally won the paintings for $32. When Nicolo retired and went to live in Sicily,he 　5　 the paintings with him.He hung them above the same table he had moved from Turin.His son,age 15,who had 　6　 an art appreciation class,thought that there was something 　7　 about the one with a young girl sitting on a garden chair.It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought,but when he 　8　 it,he only found “Bonnard,”a French 　9　 he had never heard of.He bought a book and was surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 　10　 as his father’s painting. “That’s the garden in our picture,”Nicolo’s son told his father.They 　11　 learned that the painting they owned was called “The Girl with Two Chairs.”They 　12　 the other painting and learned that it was 　 13　 Paul Gauguin’s “Still Life of Fruit on a Table with a Small Dog.”The 　14　 called the Italian Culture Ministry;the official confirmed that the paintings were 　15　 and worth as much as $50 million. 1.A.attached B.allocated C.exposed D.submitted 2.A.attended B.reserved C.cancelled D.run 3.A.nice B.familiar C.useful D.real 4.A.battled B.debated C.discussed D.bargained 5.A.held B.left C.registered D.brought 6.A.missed B.failed C.taken D.led 7.A.concrete B.unusual C.unappealing D.natural 8.A.appreciated B.touched C.researched D.witnessed 9.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor 10.A.room B.kitchen C.hall D.garden 11.A.apparently B.confidently C.eventually D.temporarily 12.A.collected B.cleaned C.framed D.studied 13.A.suitably B.actually C.rightly D.specifically 14.A.girl B.artist C.family D.police 15.A.copies B.originals C.models D.presents 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①do spiritual damage to...对……造成精神上的伤害 ②bottom line 底线 ③be exposed to sb 让某人知道…… ④privacy laws 隐私法 ⑤take an art appreciation class 上艺术欣赏课 ⑥original n.原件,原作 Unit 2 A (2020 全国Ⅲ改编) As a businesswoman,I care deeply about my customers.But like anyone for whom you feel affection,　1　 can also drive you mad.They’ll come rushing in,saying their handbag’s been stolen.They’ll 　2　 that they left it in the changing room,create havoc(混乱) and then 　3　 it had been in their car all the time.They’ll have out half the 　4　 in the shop,and want the only style you don’t have left in a 　5　 colour.I do know how upset the shop staff can get,but I try to persuade them to keep 　6　. I remember the first really 　7　 customer we had at Covent Garden.She was displeased with absolutely everything,nothing was right and I was rather 　8　 that she became a “regular”.After a while,she 　9　 for the way she behaved at the beginning.She had split up with her husband the week before,was living in a flat by herself,and since she’d found it too much to cope with(应对),she’d taken it out on 　10　 people. That taught me a valuable 　11　 and I pass it on to the people who work in the market.Don’t take it 　 12　.If a customer is rude or difficult,just think “Maybe she’s had a row with her husband.Maybe her child’s not 　13　.”Always water it down and don’t let your ego(自我) get in the way.If you do,you won’t be able to 　14　 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 　15　 everyone’s day. 1.A.shopkeepers B.customers C.salespersons D.receptionists 2.A.agree B.promise C.imagine D.swear 3.A.forget B.decide C.discover D.assume 4.A.foods B.catalogues C.belongings D.goods 5.A.particular B.different C.matching D.natural 6.A.fighting B.smiling C.waiting D.changing 7.A.generous B.polite C.careless D.difficult 8.A.relaxed B.delighted C.surprised D.embarrassed 9.A.searched B.argued C.prayed D.apologized 10.A.rude B.such C.other D.lonely 11.A.lesson B.trick C.skill D.trade 12.A.kindly B.secretly C.personally D.casually 13.A.ready B.away C.up D.well 14.A.stress B.expect C.handle D.blame 15.A.ruins B.makes C.starts D.saves B (2020 浙江改编) I’ve been farming sheep on a hillside for 54 years.I use a small tractor to get about.My dog Don always sits beside me in the passenger seat. One morning I 　1　 a lost lamb when I was in the top field,near where a motorway cuts through my land.The lamb had become separated from its 　2　,so I jumped out of the tractor to tend to it while Don stayed in his seat. Lamb and mother 　3　,I turned back to the tractor only to see it move suddenly away from me.This was so 　4　 because I had put the handbrake on when I jumped out.　5　 Don had somehow made the vehicle move. My heart froze in my chest as I saw the tractor heading towards the 　6　.I ran desperately but failed to 　 7　.It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.The 　8　 thing I saw was Don’s face,looking calmly back at me. Heart in mouth,I 　9　 the fence and looked over.The tractor was 　10　 against the crash barrier in the central reservation,having miraculously(奇迹般地) crossed the 　11　 road with fast-flowing traffic.I couldn’t see Don,but as I 　12　 the tractor he jumped out onto the road,apparently unhurt,and dashed back to me. The police 　13　 and the motorway ran normally again.I couldn’t quite believe my luck —it turned out no one got badly hurt,but the outcome could have been 　14　.Don was given a special 　15　 that night—I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him. 1.A.dropped B.spotted C.carried D.returned 2.A.kids B.friends C.owner D.mother 3.A.freed B.switched C.reunited D.examined 4.A.unexpected B.dangerous C.embarrassing D.difficult 5.A.Fortunately B.Generally C.Immediately D.Obviously 6.A.crowd B.motorway C.field D.hill 7.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out 8.A.real B.best C.basic D.last 9.A.fixed B.noticed C.reached D.closed 10.A.resting B.running C.parking D.turning 11.A.steep B.long C.rough D.busy 12.A.abandoned B.approached C.recognized D.repaired 13.A.arrived B.replied C.survived D.waited 14.A.common B.confusing C.desirable D.awful 15.A.meal B.test C.job D.lesson 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①be displeased with...对……不满意 ②a regular 一位常客 ③split up with sb 与某人分手/离婚 ④cope with...应对……,处理…… ⑤have a row with sb 与某人吵架 ⑥water sth down 让某事平息下来 ⑦become separated from...与……分离 ⑧tend to sth 照顾,照料 ⑨heart in one’s mouth 某人非常担心 ⑩look over 查阅,检查 Unit 3 A (2019 全国Ⅱ改编) It’s about 250 miles from the hills of west-central Iowa to Ehlers’ home in Minnesota.During the long trip home,following a weekend of hunting,Ehlers thought about the small dog he had seen 　1　 alongside the road.He had tried to coax(哄) the dog to him but,frightened,it had 　2　. Back home,Ehlers was troubled by that 　3　 dog.So,four days later,he called his friend Greg,and the two drove back.After a long and careful search,Greg saw,across a field,the dog moving 　4　 away.Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him.Nervousness and fear were replaced with 　5　.It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face. A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 　6　 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 　7　 number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 　8　 the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 　9　 their dog. Jeff had 　10　 in Iowa before Thanksgiving with his dog,Rosie,but the gun shots had scared the dog off.Jeff searched in vain for Rosie in the next four days. Ehlers returned to Minnesota,and then drove 100 miles to Minneapolis to put Rosie on a flight to Michigan.“It’s good to know there’s still someone out there who 　11　 enough to go to that kind of 　 12　,”says Lisa of Ehlers’ rescue 　13　. “I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as 　14　 to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers.“If it had been my dog,I’d hope that somebody would be 　15　 to go that extra mile.” 1.A.fighting B.trembling C.eating D.sleeping 2.A.calmed down B.stood up C.rolled over D.run off 3.A.injured B.stolen C.lost D.rescued 4.A.cautiously B.casually C.skillfully D.angrily 5.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety 6.A.predicted B.advertised C.believed D.recorded 7.A.house B.phone C.street D.car 8.A.called B.copied C.counted D.remembered 9.A.fed B.adopted C.found D.cured 10.A.hunted B.skied C.lived D.worked 11.A.cares B.sees C.suffers D.learns 12.A.place B.trouble C.waste D.extreme 13.A.service B.plan C.effort D.team 14.A.equal B.allergic C.grateful D.close 15.A.suitable B.proud C.wise D.willing B (2019 浙江改编) There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.Usually,the 　1　 the idea is,the more it gets noticed.And that’s precisely why one garbage-eating Frenchman has caught our attention. Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe,surviving 　2　 on discarded(丢弃) food.The three-month,1 900-mile journey from Paris to Warsaw is Dubanchet’s 　3　 of raising awareness of food waste in Europe and throughout the world. As you can imagine,the trip is no piece of cake.While restaurants throw away tons of food each year,much of it remains inaccessible because of 　4　 garbage containers,health regulations,or business policies.Only about one in ten places 　5　 him food that would otherwise be discarded.For legal reasons,most restaurants have a policy against 　6　 food waste.“Some people have even 　7　 their jobs by giving me food,” Dubanchet said. What’s 　8　 interesting is the attitude various cities have toward Dubanchet’s cause.Berlin has been the 　9　 while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen.There,he had to 　10　 at some 50 different stores or restaurants before finding food.The 　11　 is all the more serious when you consider the 　12　 exercise required to bike from France to Poland. “I have to get food fast because after all the biking I am tired and I need the 　13　,”Dubanchet explained.“Is my 　14　 full or empty?That is the most important thing,not what I am eating.” He aims to 　15　 his journey by mid-July.With any luck,he’ll turn a few more heads in the process. 1.A.cleverer B.older C.stranger D.simpler 2.A.secretly B.finally C.entirely D.probably 3.A.purpose B.way C.opinion D.dream 4.A.locked B.damaged C.connected D.abandoned 5.A.bought B.offered C.ordered D.sold 6.A.begging for B.giving away C.hiding D.causing 7.A.did B.kept C.accepted D.risked 8.A.hardly B.usually C.particularly D.merely 9.A.easiest B.nearest C.biggest D.richest 10.A.work B.shout C.ask D.jump 11.A.competition B.conversation C.conflict D.challenge 12.A.adequate B.rewarding C.demanding D.suitable 13.A.spirit B.energy C.time D.effort 14.A.stomach B.hand C.pocket D.basket 15.A.arrange B.restart C.report D.finish 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①be replaced with...被……所取代 ②in vain 徒劳,白费力气 ③put sb to a flight to...让某人搭乘去……的飞机 ④raise awareness for...提高对……的意识 ⑤get noticed 引起注意 ⑥precisely adv.准确地 ⑦survive on...靠……生存 ⑧no piece of cake 不容易 ⑨inaccessible adj.无法获取的 ⑩garbage container 垃圾箱 health regulation 医疗监管 one in ten 十分之一 a demanding exercise 一项要求很高的活动 Unit 4 A (2019 全国Ⅲ改编) The small town of Rjukan in Norway is situated between several mountains and does not get direct sunlight from late September to mid-March—　1　 six months out of the year. “Of course,we 　2　 it when the sun is shining,”says Karin Ro,who works for the town’s tourism office.“We see the sky is blue,but down in the valley it’s darker—it’s like on a 　3　 day.” But that changed when a system of high-tech 　4　 was introduced to reflect sunlight from neighboring peaks(山峰) into the valley below.Wednesday,residents(居民)of Rjukan 　5　 their very first ray of winter sunshine:A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside were put to 　6　.The mirrors are controlled by a computer that 　7　 them to turn along with the sun throughout the day and to close during windy weather.They reflect a concentrated beam(束)of light onto the town’s central 　8　,creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters.When the light 　9　,Rjukan residents gathered together. “People have been sitting there and standing there and taking 　10　 of each other,”Ro says.“The town square was totally 　11　.I think almost all the people in the town were there.”The 3,500 residents cannot all 　12　 the sunshine at the same time.　13　,the new light feels like more than enough for the town’s 　 14　 residents. “It’s not very big,” she says,“but it is enough when we are 　15　.” 1.A.only B.obviously C.nearly D.precisely 2.A.fear B.believe C.hear D.notice 3.A.cloudy B.normal C.different D.warm 4.A.computers B.telescopes C.mirrors D.cameras 5.A.remembered B.forecasted C.received D.imagined 6.A.repair B.risk C.rest D.use 7.A.forbids B.directs C.predicts D.follows 8.A.library B.hall C.square D.street 9.A.appeared B.returned C.faded D.stopped 10.A.pictures B.notes C.care D.hold 11.A.new B.full C.flat D.silent 12.A.block B.avoid C.enjoy D.store 13.A.Instead B.However C.Gradually D.Similarly 14.A.nature-loving B.energy-saving C.weather-beaten D.sun-starved 15.A.trying B.waiting C.watching D.sharing B (2019 全国Ⅰ改编) Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro,the highest mountain in Africa.They 　1　 with them lots of waste.The 　2　 might damage the beauty of the place.The glaciers(冰川) are disappearing,changing the 　3　 of Kilimanjaro. Hearing these stories,I’m 　4　 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences. However,I soon discover that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 　5　 among tons of rubbish.I find a 　6　 mountain,with toilets at camps and along the paths.The environmental challenges are 　7　 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 　8　. The best of a Kilimanjaro 　9　,in my opinion,isn’t reaching the top.Mountains are 　10　 as spiritual places by many cultures.This 　11　 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometers.At the base is a rainforest.It ends abruptly at 3,000 meters,giving way to lands of low growing plants.Further up,the weather 　12　—low clouds envelope the mountainsides,which are covered with thick grass.I 　13　 twelve shades of green from where I stand.Above 4,000 meters is the highland desert:gravel(砾石),stones and rocks.　14　 you climb into an arctic-like zone with permanent snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear. Does Kilimanjaro 　15　 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace?I found the opposite to be true. 1.A.keep B.mix C.connect D.bring 2.A.stories B.buildings C.crowds D.reporters 3.A.position B.age C.face D.name 4.A.silent B.skeptical C.serious D.crazy 5.A.equipment B.grass C.camps D.stones 6.A.remote B.quiet C.tall D.clean 7.A.new B.special C.significant D.necessary 8.A.paying off B.spreading out C.blowing up D.fading away 9.A.atmosphere B.experience C.experiment D.sight 10.A.studied B.observed C.explored D.regarded 11.A.view B.quality C.reason D.purpose 12.A.changes B.clears C.improves D.permits 13.A.match B.imagine C.count D.add 14.A.Obviously B.Easily C.Consequently D.Finally 15.A.enjoy B.deserve C.save D.acquire 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①six months out of the year 一年中有六个月 ②high-tech adj.高科技的 ③resident n.居民 ④be put to use 被使用 ⑤sun-starved adj.急需阳光的 ⑥be skeptical about...对……持怀疑态度 ⑦tons of rubbish 大量的垃圾 ⑧give way to...给……让路,被……替代 ⑨envelope v.覆盖,遮住 ⑩shades of green 绿荫 Unit 5 A (2018 全国Ⅰ改编) During my second year at the city college,I was told that the education department was offering a “free” course,called Thinking Chess,for three credits.I 　1　 the idea of taking the class because,after all,who doesn’t want to save a few dollars?More than that,I’d always wanted to learn chess.And,even if I weren’t 　2　 enough about free credits,news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.He was an international grandmaster,which 　3　 I would be learning from one of the game’s best.I could hardly wait to 　4　 him. Maurice Ashley was kind and smart,a former graduate returning to teach,and this 　5　 was no game for him;he meant business.In his introduction,he made it 　6　 that our credits would be hard-earned.In order to 　7　 the class,among other criteria,we had to write a paper on how we plan to 　8　 what we would learn in class to our future professions and,　9　,to our lives.I managed to get an A in that 　10　 and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the classroom. Ten years after my chess class with Ashley,I’m still putting to use what he 　11　 me:“The absolute most important skill that you learn when you play chess is how to make good 　12　.On every single move you have to 　13　 a situation,process what your opponent(对手) is doing and 　14　 the best move from among all your options.”These words still ring true today in my 　15　 as a journalist. 1.A.put forward B.jumped at C.tried out D.turned down 2.A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired 3.A.urged B.demanded C.held D.meant 4.A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat 5.A.chance B.qualification C.honor D.job 6.A.real B.perfect C.clear D.possible 7.A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe 8.A.add B.expose C.apply D.compare 9.A.eventually B.naturally C.directly D.normally 10.A.game B.presentation C.course D.experiment 11.A.taught B.wrote C.questioned D.promised 12.A.grades B.decisions C.impressions D.comments 13.A.analyze B.describe C.rebuild D.control 14.A.announce B.signal C.block D.evaluate 15.A.role B.desire C.concern D.behavior B (2018 全国Ⅱ改编) Two weeks earlier,my son,Ben,had got in touch.He’d moved to England with his mum when he was three and it had been 13 years since I’d 　1　 seen him.So imagine my 　2　 when he emailed me saying he wanted to come to visit me. I was 　3　!I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to meet.The bay was 　4　 in sunshine,and there was a group of kayakers around 150m off the shore.Getting a little closer,I realized one kayak(皮划艇) was in 　5　.“Something’s not 　6　!”I took off my T-shirt and dived into the water.I saw there were two instructors on board and a man lying across the middle.He was 　7　 violently.Linking arms with one of the instructors,I helped 　8　 the young man out of the water.He was unconscious and as I looked at his face,something 　9　 to me.Those brown eyes were very 　 10　.“What’s his name?”I asked the instructor.“Ben,”he replied,and immediately I knew.That stranger was my son! The instructors called for an ambulance.　11　,after a brief stay in hospital,Ben was well enough to be allowed to 　12　 and later the family met up for dinner.We chatted about everything and then Ben 　13　 to me.“I just want to say thank you,”he said.“You 　14　 my life!” I still can’t believe what a 　15　 it was.I’m just so glad I was there in time to help my son. 1.A.also B.often C.even D.last 2.A.delight B.relief C.anger D.worry 3.A.scared B.shocked C.thrilled D.ashamed 4.A.bathed B.clean C.deep D.formed 5.A.trouble B.advance C.question D.battle 6.A.real B.right C.fair D.fit 7.A.arguing B.fighting C.shouting D.shaking 8.A.lead B.persuade C.carry D.keep 9.A.happened B.occurred C.applied D.appealed 10.A.sharp B.pleasant C.attractive D.familiar 11.A.Fortunately B.Frankly C.Sadly D.Suddenly 12.A.return B.relax C.speak D.leave 13.A.joked B.turned C.listened D.pointed 14.A.created B.honored C.saved D.guided 15.A.coincidence B.change C.pity D.pain 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①jump at the idea 迫不及待地接受这个想法 ②more than that 不仅如此 ③international grandmaster 国际大师 ④mean business 认真,当真 ⑤make it clear that...说明清楚,表明…… ⑥hard-earned adj.来之不易的 ⑦call for an ambulance 叫救护车 ⑧meet up for dinner 聚在一起吃晚饭 Unit 6 A (2018 全国Ⅲ改编) When most of us get a text message on our cell phone from an unknown person,we usually say “sorry,　1　 number!”and move on.But when Dennis Williams received a text that clearly wasn’t intended for him,he did something　2　. On March 19,Dennis got a group text　3　him that a couple he didn’t know were at the hospital,waiting for the　4　of a baby. “Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken,” Dennis　5　.The baby was born and update texts were　6　quickly from the overjoyed grandmother,Teresa.In her　7　,she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.“Well,I don’t　8　you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in. Much to the family’s surprise,Dennis stuck to his　9　! He turned up at the hospital　10　gifts for the new mother Lindsey and her baby boy.Lindsey’s husband was totally　11　by the unexpected visit.“I don’t think we would have randomly invited him over but we　12　it and the gifts.” Teresa posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website　13　by the touching words:“What a　14　this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” The post has since gained the　15　of social media users all over the world,receiving more than 184,000 shares and 61,500 likes in just three days. 1.A.unlucky　 　　　　　　B.secret C.new D.wrong 2.A.reasonable B.special C.necessary D.practical 3.A.convincing B.reminding C.informing D.warning 4.A.wake-up B.recovery C.growth D.arrival 5.A.responded B.interrupted C.predicted D.repeated 6.A.coming in B.setting out C.passing down D.moving around 7.A.opinion B.anxiety C.excitement D.effort 8.A.accept B.know C.believe D.bother 9.A.dream B.promise C.agenda D.principle 10.A.bearing B.collecting C.opening D.making 11.A.discouraged B.relaxed C.astonished D.defeated 12.A.admit B.need C.appreciate D.expect 13.A.confirmed B.simplified C.clarified D.accompanied 14.A.pity B.blessing C.relief D.problem 15.A.sympathy B.attention C.control D.trust B (2018 浙江改编) We have all heard how time is more valuable than money,but is it 　1　 to have too much time? I 　2　 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also 　3　 a team sport.By the time I got home,I only had a few hours to do my homework,and I had to do it 　4　. When I got into college,things 　5　.I suddenly found myself out of class before noon time.Because of all this extra time,there was no sense of 　6　 to do my school work immediately.I was performing this action of waiting until it later became a habit.Once that happened,I just kept 　7　 my studying further and further back in my day.Then I got to the point where I was 　8　 really late at night to get my work done. One day I met a former classmate of mine who was 　9　 a lot of money running a sideline(副业).Since his regular job was 　10　,I asked him why he just didn’t do his sideline full-time.He said without the job,he would 　11　 have too much time and would just do what I did back in 　12　.He said that if he quit the job,he would lose his 　13　 to work and succeed. So,try 　14　 your time with other work.This is why there is a saying that if you want something done,ask a 　15　 person to do it. 1.A.true B.fair C.strange D.possible 2.A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect 3.A.watched B.loved C.coached D.played 4.A.at last B.right away C.of course D.as usual 5.A.happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered 6.A.duty B.achievement C.urgency D.direction 7.A.pushing B.taking C.setting D.calling 8.A.hanging out B.staying up C.jogging round D.showing off 9.A.raising B.wasting C.demanding D.making 10.A.safe B.important C.boring D.rewarding 11.A.luckily B.hardly C.hopefully D.simply 12.A.childhood B.college C.town D.business 13.A.heart B.chance C.drive D.way 14.A.saving B.filling up C.giving up D.trading 15.A.careful B.busy C.reliable D.kind 【帮你拓知识】核心知识,词块记忆 ①be intended for...打算为……所用 ②in one’s excitement 某人兴奋地 ③stick to one’s promise 坚守某人的承诺 ④gain the attention of...引起……的关注 ⑤no sense of urgency 没有紧迫感 ⑥perform the action of 做……动作 ⑦a former classmate 一位从前的同学 ⑧run a sideline 经营副业 ⑨There is a saying that...有这样一种说法…… ⑩lose one’s drive to do sth 失去做某事的动力 fill up one’s time 填满某人的时间 lose one’s heart to do sth 倾心于做某事 模块三　语法填空 考情透析谋对策 ●明晰三年考情,备考不走弯路 2020 2019 2018 考点 山 东 全 国 Ⅰ 全 国 Ⅱ 全 国 Ⅲ 全 国 Ⅰ 全 国 Ⅱ 全 国 Ⅲ 全 国 Ⅰ 全 国 Ⅱ 全 国 Ⅲ 命题特点 名词 1 1 代词 1 1 1 词性 转换 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 2 3 时 态、 语态 和主 谓一 致 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 非谓 语动 词 1 1 3 2 2 3 2 2 2 3 比较 等级 1 1 1 1 连接 词 2 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 2 1 冠词 1 1 1 1 1 代词 1 1 介词 1 1 1 1 1 1 其他 1 体裁 说 明 文 说 明 文 说 明 文 记 叙 文 说 明 文 记 叙 文 记 叙 文 说 明 文 说 明 文 记 叙 文 词数 195 220 192 215 170 202 177 193 207 205 1.一般为一篇 200 词左右的说明文或记叙文,难度适中, 符合高中生的阅读水平。 2.考查形式分给出提示词和不给出提示词两种。不给 出提示词的题目一般为 2-3 个,给出提示词填空一般为 7-8 个。 3.给出提示词的题目包括词性转换、名词的单复数、 动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词等;不给出提示词的有 冠词、连接词、代词、介词等,不给出提示词时只能填 一个单词。 ●新高考评价体系下的备考启示——掌握备考策略,复习事半功倍 ◆在语篇中学习、训练语法考点→词汇、语法知识的学习和应用必须在具体的语境和语篇中进 行。 ◆夯实基础→动词的不规则变化、非谓语动词的形式、词性间的相互转换、单词的正确拼写等基 础必须记牢记准。 ◆强化语言知识学习的精准性→语法和词汇知识应记准、记熟,熟才能生巧。 ◆加强专项训练→专项练习有助于总结规律,提高解题技能,增强应对此题型的能力。 题型指导寻技法 解题步骤 1.通读全文,理解大意 通读全文的目的是把握其大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语意”上的准备,因为“语意”决定着空白处应填 一个什么意思的词语以及应该采用什么样的语法形式。 2.边读边填,先易后难 填空过程是一个判断空白处应填词语的“语意”(已给出词语的除外)和正确的语法“形式”的思维过 程。遇到一时无法确定的题目可以先忽略,有可能后面的内容会给出提示,或者在核查时通过进一步 联系上下文进行推理。 3.验证复查,清除难点 复查的方法是:将所有答案“填进”短文中并进行通读,以最后确定答案。通读时要注意上下文之间的 逻辑关系,避免出现前后矛盾或句子不通顺的问题。 技巧点拨 一、有提示词 这种形式主要考查动词的时态和语态、主谓一致、非谓语动词、词性转换、名词的数、形容词和 副词的比较级与最高级。解答这类题目时,首先需要判断设空处在句子中的功能,其次再决定该用什 么形式。 (一)提示词为动词 解题模板 Step 1 分析句子结构,确定空格处是否作谓语。 思考 1 如果作谓语,要考虑时态、语态、主谓一致等 思考 2 如果不作谓语,考虑是否是非谓语;如果是非谓语,考虑用哪种形式,是动词-ing 形式,还是过去分词,还 是不定式 Step 2 思考 3 如果既不作谓语,也不是非谓语,就要考虑词性转换。那就需要根据上下文以及空格处在句子中所作 的成分考虑词性转换的类型 【典例印证 1】 You don’t have to run fast or for long 　2　 (see) the benefit.You may drink,smoke,be overweight and still reduce your risk of dying early by running. 解题思路 to see　所给提示词是动词,分析句子成分可知,空格处所填的词应作目的状语,故填动词不 定式形式 to see。 【典例印证 2】 China’s approach to protecting its environment while 　10　 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele. 解题思路 feeding　空格处所给提示词为动词。句中使用的是 while doing sth(当做某事的时候)这一 结构,可以看作“while sb is/was doing sth”的省略形式,故此处应填 feeding。 【典例印证 3】 This switch has decreased 　6　 (pollute) in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people. 解题思路 pollution　此题所给提示词是动词。分析句子成分可知,has decreased 是谓语成分,由此可 知空格处应缺少名词作宾语,表示“减少污染”,故填 pollution。 (二)提示词为形容词或者副词 解题模板 Step 1 分析句子结构,确定空格处是否是形容词或者副词的 比较级 思考 1 如果不是比较级,那就要考虑词性转换 思考 2 如果是词性转换,首先考虑是否是形容词转换为 副词 思考 3 如果不是形容词转换为副词,就要考虑是否转换 为名词 Step 2 思考 4 如果转换为名词,就要考虑用名词的单数还是复 数 【典例印证 1】 According to a review of evidence in a medical journal,runners live three years 　1　 (long) than non- runners. 解题思路 longer　此题所给提示词为副词 long。根据后面的解题信息 than 可知,空格处所填的词应 使用比较级形式,故填 longer。 【典例印证 2】 A taste for meat is 　3　 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens,pigs,and cattle. 解题思路 actually　此题所给提示词是形容词。由句意及后文的介词短语“behind the change”可知,此 处应使用 actual 的副词形式作状语,故填 actually。 (三)提示词为名词 解题模板 Step 1 分析句子结构,确定空格处在句子中所作的成分 思考 1 如果空格处填名词,首先要考虑是否用复数 思考 2 如果不填名词,那就要考虑是否填形容词Step 2 思考 3 如果是名词转换为形容词,需要考虑名词怎样转换 为形容词 【典例印证 1】 Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that/which showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 　7　 (cause). 解题思路 causes　此题所给提示词是名词。cause 是可数名词,意为“原因,理由”,根据前面的修饰语 all 可知,该名词要用复数形式,故答案为 causes。 【典例印证 2】 Running is cheap,easy and it’s always 　9　 (energy). 解题思路 energetic　此题所给提示词为名词。由句意并结合空格前面的 is 可知,所填的词应使用形 容词形式 energetic(精力充沛的)作表语。 (四)提示词为代词 解题模板 Step 1 分析句子结构,确定空格处在句子中所作成分 思考 1 考虑是否是人称代词转换为物主代词 Step 2 思考 2 如果不是转换为物主代词,考虑是否是由主格变为宾格或者填其 反身代词 【典例印证 1】 When the gorillas and I frightened each other,I was just glad to find 　8　 (they) alive. 解题思路 them　此题所给提示词为人称代词。空格前动词 find 后面应需要宾语,故填 they 的宾格形 式 them。 二、无提示词 这种形式主要考查考生对语篇的理解和逻辑关系的把握以及对固定搭配和常见句式的掌握程度。 考查内容主要是介词、冠词、代词、连接词等。因为没有提示词,考生应根据文章大意和上下文语 境以及对长难句结构的分析来判断设空处在句子中的功能,以确定其词性和意义,最后确定内容。 解题模板 Step 1 分析句子结构,根据句子所缺成分确定是哪类词 思考 1 根据句子本身的含义,填写介词、冠词或者代 词 思考 2 分析句子结构,看看是否需要填写连接词Step 2 思考 3 根据逻辑关系、固定搭配、固定句型等填写适 当的词 1.填介词 如果名词或者代词在句子中不作主语、表语或者动词宾语,其前一般填介词。高考常考查介词与动 词、形容词或者名词的搭配。做题时应先根据上下文和句意推断出设空处的具体意思,然后根据熟 记的短语来确定要填的词。 【典例印证 1】 I was searching 　7　 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing. 解题思路 for　此题空格处无提示词。根据句意和空格前的动词 searching 可知,此处表示“寻找”,而 search for 是固定短语,表示“搜索,寻找”,故填介词 for。 【典例印证 2】 Up till now,about 40 high schools across the country have undertaken the task of being the first group of AI high education pilot program 　8　 introducing the textbook in the curriculum. 解题思路 by　此题空格处无提示词。由句子结构和意义可知,此处应填介词 by 后接动词-ing 形式表 示方式,作状语。 2.填冠词 如果空格后有名词而且两者搭配在一起表示泛指或者特指含义,或者有序数词、最高级、表示特指 意义的比较级等形式,此时该空格处要填写冠词。 【典例印证 1】 “Usually red lanterns are hung outside the doors to ward off(避开) bad luck,” suggests Karen Katz,author of 　21　 picture book My First Chinese New Year. 解题思路 the　此题空格处无提示词。由句意可知,此处特指 My First Chinese New Year 这本书,故填 定冠词 the。 【典例印证 2】 “...The publication of the book is 　5　 breakthrough as it takes AI technology out of the ‘ivory tower’ and makes it part of high school learning,” said Lin Dahua,a professor at the Chinese University of Hong Kong. 解题思路 a　此题空格处无提示词。本句表示“出版首本 AI 教材是一个突破”,breakthrough(突破)是 可数名词,根据语境可知,此处表示泛指,故其前应用不定冠词 a。 【典例印证 3】Farming is 　8　 biggest threat:1,091 of the threatened bird species are in trouble because of the growth of agriculture. 解题思路 the　此题空格处无提示词。空格后 biggest 为形容词最高级,其前应使用定冠词 the。 3.填代词 it 的用法是考查重点,特别是 it 作形式主语和形式宾语的句型中,有时也可能考查人称代词。 【典例印证 1】 　1　 is quite likely that people began using name chops because Chinese characters are so complex and few people in ancient times were able to read and write. 解题思路 It　此题空格处无提示词。由句子结构可知,句中 that 引导的从句是真正的主语,故句首用 It 作形式主语。 【典例印证 2】 One winter break in primary school,my brother’s schoolwork was writing thank-you notes while 　8　 (I) was making a hut(小屋) out of toothpicks! 解题思路 mine　句中 while 连接两个表示对比的分句,对比的是作者哥哥的功课和作者的功课,此处 用名词性物主代词 mine 指代 my schoolwork。 4.填各种连接词 分析句子结构,如果空格前后是两个并列成分,如两个并列单词、短语或者句子等,而且相互并列的成 分之间为并列、转折、选择、因果关系,此时应填并列连词。 如果连接词引导状语从句、定语从句或名词性从句,首先应分析句子成分,看看它引导哪一种从句,然 后根据连接词的种类和意义来确定填哪一个连接词。 【典例印证 1】 The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government started a soil-testing program 　9　 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011,fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons. 解题思路 that/which　此题空格处无提示词,考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知,空处引导定 语从句,且在从句中作主语,修饰先行词 a soil-testing program,故填关系词 that 或 which。 【典例印证 2】 I’m not sure 　1　 is more frightened,me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly appears out of nowhere. 解题思路 who　此题空格处无提示词,考查主语从句的连接词。由句子结构可知,I’m not sure 后面 接宾语从句,根据句意应填 who 作从句的主语,表示“我不确定我和母猩猩两者中谁更害怕一点”。 【典例印证 3】 The test vehicles must be equipped with monitoring devices that can monitor driving behavior,collect vehicle location information and monitor 　5　 a vehicle is in self-driving mode. 解题思路 whether/if　此题空格处无提示词,考查宾语从句的连接词。根据句子结构可知,空格处应填 连词,空格前 monitor 为动词,根据句意应填 whether 或 if 连接从句。 (2020 新高考山东) Many people have the hobby of collecting things,e.g.stamps,postcards or antiques.In the 18th and 19th centuries,　36　(wealth) people travelled and collected plants,historical objects and works of art.They kept their collection at home until it got too big 　37　 until they died,and then it was given to a museum.The 80,000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane,for example,　38　(form) the core collection of the British Museum 　39　 opened in 1759. The parts of a museum open to the public 　40　(call) galleries or rooms.Often,only a small part of a museum’s collection 　41　(be) on display.Most of it is stored away or used for research. Many museums are lively places and they attract a lot of visitors.As well as looking at exhibits,visitors can play with computer simulations(模拟) and imagine 　42　(they) living at a different time in history or 　 43　(walk) through a rainforest.At the Jorvik Centre in York,the city’s Viking settlement is recreated,and people experience the sights,sounds and smells of the old town.Historical 　44　(accurate) is important but so is entertainment.Museums must compete 　45　 people’s spare time and money with other amusements.Most museums also welcome school groups and arrange special activities for children. 解题流程 Step 1　速读文章,把握大意。 Step 2　理解句意,弄清结构。 Step 3　先易后难,逐一闯关。 Step 4　回读全文,核实答案。 答案详解 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍博物馆藏品的来源、用途以及博物馆当今的新功 能。文章旨在鼓励学生去博物馆探求历史文化知识,感受艺术魅力,培养艺术品格。 36.wealthy　考查词性转换(名词变形容词)。 思路分析:此处是形容词作定语,修饰后面的名词 people。wealthy 意为“富裕的”。 37.or　考查并列连词。 思路分析:由句意“收藏家等到家中藏品足够丰富或者他们死后,会将藏品捐赠给博物馆”可知,前后陈 述两种可能性 until it got too big 或 until they died,故用 or 连接。 38.formed　考查动词时态。 思路分析:根据上文内容以及时间状语“in 1759”可知,应使用一般过去时,故填 formed。 39.which/that　考查定语从句的关系词。 思路分析:分析句子结构可知,空格处为定语从句,修饰前面的名词 the British Museum(指物),且从句中 缺少主语,故应填关系代词 which 或 that。 40.are called　考查动词的时态和语态。 思路分析:分析句子结构可知,句中缺少谓语,主语核心名词 The parts 与后面动词 call 之间构成被动关 系,且此处说明事实,故使用一般现在时的被动语态。 41.is　考查时态和主谓一致。 思路分析:主语是 a small part,谓语动词应使用单数;此处说明事实,故用一般现在时的第三人称单数形 式 is。 42.themselves　考查代词。 思路分析:句中使用的是 imagine sb doing sth 这一结构,句子主语是 visitors,故使用反身代词 themselves 表示“他们自己”。 43.walking　考查非谓语动词。 思路分析:由并列连词 or 可知,后面部分与 living at a different time in history 形式一致,故使用 walking。 44.accuracy　考查词性转换(形容词变名词)。 思路分析:空格前面的 Historical 为形容词,故后面应使用名词作主语。 45.for　考查介词。 思路分析:由句意“博物馆必须与其他娱乐方式为人们的业余时间和金钱而竞争”可知,此处使用固定 短语 compete for...,表示“为……而竞争”,故填介词 for。 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1 A (2020 全国Ⅰ) China has become the first country to land a spacecraft on the far side of the moon.The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe(探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—　1　(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.Landing on the moon’s far side is 　2　(extreme) challenging.Because the moon’s body blocks direct radio communication with a probe,China first had to put a satellite in orbit above the moon in a spot 　3　 it could send signals to the spacecraft and to Earth.The far side of the moon is of particular 　4　(interesting) to scientists because it has a lot of deep craters(环形山),more so 　5　 the familiar near side.Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 　6　(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin.“This really excites scientists,”Carle Pieters,a scientist at Brown University,says,“because it 　7　(mean) we have the chance to obtain information about how the moon 　8　(construct).”Data about the moon’s composition,such as how 　9　 ice and other treasures it contains,could help China decide whether 　10　(it) plans for a future lunar(月球的) base are practical. B (2020 全国Ⅱ) Decorating with Plants,Fruits and Flowers for Chinese New Year Chinese New Year is a 　1　(celebrate) marking the end of the winter season and the beginning of spring.This is why decorating with plants,fruits and flowers 　2　(carry) special significance.They represent the earth 　3　(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. These are some of the most popular in many parts of the country: Oranges:Orange trees are more 　4　 decoration;they are a symbol of good fortune and wealth.They make great gifts and you see them many times 　5　(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. Bamboo:Chinese love their“Lucky Bamboo” plants and you will see them often in their homes and offices.　 6　(certain) during the holiday period,this plant is a must.Bamboo plants are associated 　7　 health,abundance and a happy home.They are easy 　8　(care) for and make great presents. Branches of Plum Blossoms(梅花):The 　9　(beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓 蕾) make fantastic decorations.The plum trees are 　10　 first to flower even as the snow is melting (融 化).They represent the promise of spring and a renewal of life. Unit 2 A (2020 全国Ⅲ) In ancient China lived an artist 　1　 paintings were almost lifelike.The artist’s reputation had made him proud.One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait(画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 　2　(fine) work,so that he could choose the best.The artist was sure he would 　3　 (choose),but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister,the old man laughed.The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world. Filled with 　4　(curious),the artist packed his bags and left.　5　 he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary(传奇的) artist,they smiled and 　6　(point) down the river.The next morning he hired a boat and set out 　7　(find) the well-known painter.As the small boat moved 　8　(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue.And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 　9　(surround) the mountain tops,he was reduced to tears.The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 　10　 earth,Mother Nature. B (2020 浙江) Some time after 10,000 BC,people made the first real attempt to control the world they lived 　 1　,through agriculture.Over thousands of years,they began to depend less on 　2　 could be hunted or gathered from the wild,and more on animals they had raised and crops they had sown. Farming produced more food per person 　3　 hunting and gathering,so people were able to raise more children.And,as more children were born,more food 　4　(need).Agriculture gave people their first experience of the power of technology 　5　(change) lives. By about 6,000 BC,people 　6　(discover)the best crops to grow and animals to raise.Later,they learned to work with the 　7　(season),planting at the right time and,in dry areas,　8　(make)use of annual floods to irrigate(灌溉) their fields. This style of farming lasted for quite a long time.Then,with 　9　 rise of science,changes began.New methods 　10　(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.In the last century or so,these changes have accelerated.New power machinery and artificial fertilizers(化肥) have now totally transformed a way of life that started in the Stone Age. Unit 3 A (2019 全国Ⅰ) The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland.While they are rare north of 88°,there is evidence 　1　 they range all the way across the Arctic,and as far south as James Bay in Canada.It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 　2　 (poor) studied;however,biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide. Modern methods 　3　 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s,and are expensive 　4　 (perform) consistently over a large area.In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 　 5　 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements,leading to a 　6　 (believe) that populations are increasing.Scientists have responded by 　7　 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements,leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 　8　 (high) than they actually are.Of 　9　 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations,three are declining,six 　10　 (be) stable,one is increasing,and nine lack enough data. B (2019 全国Ⅱ) A 90-year-old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for 　1　(be)Britain’s oldest full-time employee—still working 40 hours a week.Now Irene Astbury works from 9 am to 5 pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield,　2　 she opened with her late husband Les.Her years of hard work have 　3　 (final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated (提名) her to be Cheshire’s Woman Of The Year. Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement”award,proud Irene 　4　(declare) she had no plans 　5　(retire) from her 36-year-old business.Irene said,“I don’t see any reason to give up work.I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I 　6　(make) over the years.I work not because I have to,　7　 because I want to.” Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award.She said,“We don’t have any idea who put grandma forward.When we got a call 　8　(say)she was short-listed,we thought it was 　9　 joke.But then we got an official letter and we were blown away.We are so proud of her.It’s 　10　(wonder).” Unit 4 A (2019 全国Ⅲ) On our way to the house,it was raining 　1　 hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take 　2　 (get)there.It was in the middle of Pearl City. We were first greeted with the barking by a pack 　3　 dogs,seven to be exact.They were well trained by their masters 　4　 had great experience with caring for these animals.Our hosts shared many of their experiences and 　5　(recommend)wonderful places to eat,shop,and visit.For breakfast,we were able to eat papaya(木瓜)and other fruits from their trees in the backyard. When they were free from work,they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting 　6　 (compete)to watch,together with the story behind it.They also shared with us many 　7　(tradition)stories about Hawaii that were 　8　 (huge)popular with tourists.On the last day of our week-long stay,we 　9　 (invite)to attend a private concert on a beautiful farm on the North Shore under the stars,　10　 (listen)to musicians and meeting interesting locals. B (2019 浙江) There are several reasons why school uniforms are a good idea.First of all,uniforms help the school look smart.The students feel that they belong to a particular group.When every pupil in the school wears the uniform,nobody 　1　 (have) to worry about fashion(时尚).Everybody wears 　2　 same style of clothes.Uniforms can be useful in unexpected ways.A school in Ireland has introduced an interesting new uniform.On the edge of the jacket,there is a piece of cloth 　3　 gives off light in the dark.When the children are walking or 　4　(cycle) to school on dark mornings,car drivers can 　5　(easy) see them. But can uniforms help improve school standards?The answer 　6　 this question is not clear.One study in America found that students’ grades 　7　 (improve) a little after the school introduced uniforms.But some students didn’t want 　8　 (wear) the uniform.Other American studies showed no 　9　(connect) between uniforms and school performance. School uniforms are 　10　 (tradition) in Britain,but some schools are starting to get rid of them.Some very good schools don’t have a uniform policy.However,uniforms are still popular.Pupils at about 90 percent of British secondary schools wear uniforms. 模块四　书面表达 专题一　应用文写作 考情透析谋对策 ●高考近三年应用文写作,我们要知道的 4 个方面 ◆命题形式灵活多样。2020 年命题形式除了邮件外,还有新闻报道、参赛短文、介绍采摘活动的短 文等。 ◆关注体育运动,引导学生热爱劳动,倡导健康生活理念。五公里越野赛、农场采摘活动、校运会等 话题均贴近学生生活。 ◆渗透中国元素,弘扬中华优秀传统文化。中国画展志愿者;音乐节;做客的风俗等话题,时代特色明 显。 ◆体现立德树人的时代特征,促进德智体美劳全面发展。新高考的试卷进行了优化,整个写作部分由 35 分增至 40 分,应用文写作由 25 分减至 15 分,强调关键能力的考查。 ●实现高分小目标,方向和方法都重要 ◆颜值与品质同等重要。 喜欢漂亮的事物是人的天性。因此,要把卷面练到让阅卷者眼前一亮的程度。16 开高考形式的练字 纸,每天练习一张,默写背诵的经典句式或者范文,集中训练 3—4 周,养成良好的书写习惯。 字体先摹后临,用 0.5 以上的中性笔或者钢笔书写。书写时,适当降低占上中格的辅音字母的高度,这 样写出来的字母饱满圆润,美观大方。写错了的单词画一条斜线,切勿涂抹。 ◆每天进步一点,成功触手可及。 应用文写作多为电子邮件,无论是建议信、邀请信,还是通知,都有经典句式,背熟这些句式,就是捷 径。每天坚持背诵,并在各种测试中尝试使用。这样写出来的作文符合英语表达习惯,自然得体。 ◆不能等风暴过境,才想起筑墙。 考场上,多数考生感觉时间不够,人在紧张的状态下难免出错。只有背诵积累,才能灵活运用。加强篇 章、语段、句式以及衔接词的背诵仿写,并在二模、三模考试中进行测试。对于自己的复习内容和 思路,发现问题,及时纠正。 ◆请逼自己优秀,然后骄傲地生活。 用少于考场上的时间进行写作练习,不同话题,不同体裁,多角度、多方位进行强化训练。并且养成打 草稿、修改、润色的好习惯。用少的时间把应用文写好,也为后面的读后续写节约了宝贵的时间。 乾坤未定,你我皆是黑马。奔涌吧,后浪! 题型指导寻技法 ●遵循“两美”原则,规范写作思路 ◆保证外观美 1.分段合理:近几年的高考高分范文,绝大多数为 2—3 段。将时间、空间或其他逻辑关系方面相关联 的内容安排在相应的段落内,使文章主题突出、结构合理、层次分明。 2.书写美观:卷面美观就是指字母的大小和字母之间的距离匀称,无涂改、增补现象。 ◆力求内在美 1.要点齐全:写作时要列出要点,避免遗漏。根据评分标准,漏掉内容要点的文章要降低得分档次。 2.用词得体:写作时需要考虑身份、语气、风格等因素,也要考虑词义的褒贬。用词要讲究准确、得 体。 3.避免错误:审题错误、词汇错误、语法错误和中式英语等都是妨碍考生得高分的绊脚石,应尽力避 免。 4.过渡自然:衔接词可以使文章结构紧凑、前后连贯,能很好地起到穿针引线的作用,使逻辑更严密。 5.词汇新颖:高级新颖词汇的使用能使阅卷者眼前一亮,使他们相信考生具有较强的词汇功底和表达 能力,从而给出高分。 6.句式多样:考生要想使所写的文章凸显文采,就必须写出几个漂亮的句子来,为文章增添色彩。需要 注意的是,不是句子越长越好,也不是词汇越难越好,不要简单堆砌高难度短语和高难度句式,应突出 表达的得体性。 7.写出精彩之笔:一篇作文仅仅具备“要点齐全、内容连贯”等因素是不够的。考生应精心构思和设计 开头结尾,增加短文亮点,达到使阅卷老师为之精神一振的写作效果。 ●用好“三策略”,写出高分作文 1.用词策略 用词准确、得体是写作的前提,在此基础上使用一些高级词汇,既可以体现写作者的语言驾驭能力,又 有助于获得高分。比如,以下两句前后两种表达方式均能准确地表达出该句的意义,但前者用词稍显 平常,而后者在表达上让读者耳目一新。 New Year’s Day is coming/drawing near. It is quite/absolutely impossible for him to give up. 2.造句策略 造句的基本原则是力求句式多变,语法灵活。为文章的多样性起见,短句、长句、简单句、并列句和 复合句应交错使用。下列表达前者一般,后者较高级。 She walked out of the hall and many fans followed her./Followed by many fans,she walked out of the hall. If weather permits,we’ll go outing tomorrow./We will go outing tomorrow,weather permitting. 应该注意的是,并非所有的短文都需要复杂的句式结构和高级词汇,有时简洁质朴也是一种特色。 3.流畅策略 一篇好的短文要求信息内容完整、连贯,这就需要恰当地使用衔接词汇,把有关要点、句子串联成文, 做到层次清楚、衔接自然,增强整体效果。但文中衔接词语的使用以需要为原则,切忌为用而用。 (2019 全国Ⅰ) 假定你是李华,暑期在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一封信申请做志愿者,内容 包括: 1.写信目的; 2.个人优势; 3.能做的事情。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.结束语已为你写好。 Yours, Li Hua 解题流程 Step 1　认真审题,避免格式错误或离题现象→审题是正确解读题目的前提。拿到题目后,先审文字 信息,确定话题、文体、人称和时态,也要留意“注意”中的具体要求。如果是图表或图画信息,应抓关 键内容,展开合理的联想,适当增加与主题相符的要点信息。 Step 2　列出要点,适当拓展→要点一定要包括题目部分所提示的全部内容,做到“宁多勿缺”,因为要 点缺失会导致得分档次的明显降低。可以对要点适当扩展,但必须紧扣要点,适可而止。 Step 3　精心构思,首尾照应→既要构思谋篇,合理分段,也要构思内容,做到首尾衔接。 Step 4　润色修改,语言精彩→结合写作目的、对象和场合,选择适当的语言。准确使用高级句式和 词汇,合理、恰当地使用衔接词汇。 Step 5　工整抄写,字迹清晰→不一定强求自己的书写多么美观靓丽,但一定要做到抄写工整,字迹清 晰。 Step 6　回读复核,避免错误→复读一遍,避免低级错误,如名词单、复数误用,动词的单复数及时态语 态无变化,句子不完整,标点误用等。 思路详解 该题要求考生给中国画展的组织者写一封申请信,申请做一名志愿者。 步骤一:审题 (1)定体裁。由所给的命题信息可以看出,本文的体裁是书信,属于应用文。 (2)定人称。根据题中“假定你是李华,暑期在伦敦学习,得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展览。请写一 封信申请做志愿者……”可以确定邮件应使用第一人称(I)。 (3)定时态。时态应以一般现在时为主,但介绍“个人优势”时也可以根据具体需要使用一般过去时和 现在完成时。 步骤二:构思文章结构,确定写作要点 可以使用三段式安排写作内容:第一段→导语,包括自我介绍、写信背景和写信目的;第二段→主体 段,主要陈述自己已具备的优势和自己能做的事情;最后一段→结尾段,表达自己的希望。 步骤三:确定语言风格 本文的提示要点简单清晰,比较容易表达。作为一封申请信,语言应正式、简洁、朴实,复杂句式不宜 过多。但应注意句型灵活多样,以体现语言的丰富性。可以使用几个高级词汇,提升语言档次。 参考范文 Dear Sir/Madame, I am Li Hua,a student from China,who is studying in London during the summer vacation.Learning that an exhibition of Chinese paintings will be held at the gallery next month,I am writing to apply for the chance to become a volunteer. As for my strengths,I have the following advantages.First of all,I speak English fluently,allowing me to communicate with visitors without difficulty.Second,as a Chinese painting lover,I know a lot about this art form.If acceptable,I can introduce Chinese painting skills to visitors,which can help them know more about Chinese culture. I think I am well qualified to be a volunteer.Hope I will be offered this valuable opportunity. Yours, Li Hua 范文点评 本文要点齐全,行文流畅、自然。围绕要点的展开也比较合理得当,段与段之间的过渡比较自然,因而 层次清晰。从书信内容上来看,短文较好地覆盖了命题所给出的三个要点,尤其短文最后一句与首段 写信目的相照应,使得短文前后呼应。从语言风格来看,作者使用了第一人称,语言规范得体,符合申 请信的要求。从语言质量方面来看,首句使用了同位语(a student from China)和非限制性定语从句 (who is studying...);第二段使用省略句式(If acceptable...);第一段和第二段中使用了两处分词结构 (Learning that...作时间状语;allowing me to communicate...作伴随状语);文中词汇、句式使用规范、准 确,语言平实质朴,简洁明快,有效地提高了交际效果。 文中虽然没有出现较多的高级词汇,但并不影响其成为一篇优秀作文。 素材积累提档次 ●电子邮件 1.很高兴收到你的来信。 I’m glad to receive your letter. 2.一切都好吧? How is everything going? 3.好久不见。 Haven’t seen you for ages. 4.时光飞逝,自从上次见你至今已经三个月了。 How time flies! It’s three months since the last time I saw you. 5.我写信邀请/道歉/建议/感谢/通知…… I’m writing to make an invitation/make an apology/offer some suggestions/express my thanks/inform you that... 6.我写信是想问你是否能参加周日的聚会。 I’m writing to ask if you can come to the party on Sunday. 7.我写信是想告诉你这次会议安排在了周日。 I’m writing to inform you that the meeting is on Sunday. 8.如果你能尽快回复,我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could give me an early reply. 9.如果你能接受邀请,我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could accept my invitation. 10.如果你能考虑一下我的申请,我将不胜感激。 I would appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. 11.盼望你尽早给我回复。 I’m looking forward to your reply at your earliest convenience. 12.我会非常感激你的早日回复。 An early reply is appreciated. 13.盼望着见到你。 I’m looking forward to seeing you. ●建议信 1.读了你的信后,我知道你在中文学习上有困难。 I know you have trouble in learning Chinese after reading your letter. 2.我写信的目的是给你一些帮助/建议。 I am writing to give you some suggestions. 3.关于学汉语,我想建议你从拼音开始。 As for learning Chinese/When it comes to learning Chinese,I would like to recommend you to start with Pinyin. 4.我的建议如下。/这有三条有用的建议。 My suggestions are as follows./Here are three useful suggestions. 5.你不妨试一试。 You may/might as well have a try. 6.首先,从字母开始是一个更好的选择。 First of all,beginning with letters is a better choice. 7.其次,听中文歌曲是一个不错的主意。 What’s more,listening to Chinese songs is a good idea. 8.最后,看电视节目也是很有用的。 Finally,watching TV programs will help a lot. 9.我希望我的建议对你有益。 I hope my suggestions will be of benefit to you. 10.我希望你会考虑我的建议。 I hope you will take my advice into consideration. ●邀请信 1.非常荣幸地邀请你参加我的生日聚会。 It’s my honor to invite you to my birthday party. 2.我们将为汤姆举办生日晚会。我想知道你是否愿意来参加他的生日聚会。 We’re holding a party for Tom’s birthday.I wonder if you would like to come to his birthday party. 3.我们将于 6 月 6 日举行毕业庆祝会,如果你能来参加就太好了。 We are having/planning a graduation celebration on June 6 and we feel it would be a great idea if you can join us. 4.活动的细节如下。 Here are some details about this activity./Some details about this activity are as follows. 5.如果你能来,我倍感荣幸。 I would feel much honored if you could come. 6.如果你能尽早在你方便时确认参加,我们将不胜感激。 We would appreciate it if you could confirm your participation at your early convenience. 7.如果你方便的话,我们希望你能接受我们的邀请。 We hope that you will accept our invitation if it is convenient for you. 8.我确信你在北京会玩得很开心。 I’m sure you’ll have a good time in Beijing. ●申请信 1.我从你们的网站上/网上得知你们公司要招聘一名秘书。 I learned on your website/on the Internet that a secretary is wanted in your company. 2.看到你登的找英文笔友的广告,我非常高兴。 I am extremely glad to see your advertisement for an English penfriend. 3.我写信申请汉语老师一职。 I am writing to apply for the position of the Chinese teacher. 4.我写信申请成为志愿者的宝贵机会。 I’m writing to apply for a valuable chance to be a volunteer. 5.以下是我的优势。 The following are my advantages./My advantages are as follows. 6.我确信,我能胜任这个岗位。 I am confident that I’m equal to the position/I’m suitable for the position. 7.假期里我做过兼职,有能力照顾好自己,也能帮助别人。 I’ve done part-time jobs during holidays and had ability to take care of myself and help others. 8.我想接受更多的挑战,体验生活。 I’d like to experience more challenges and try to understand the real life. 9.我想多交朋友,了解全国各地的风土人情。 I want to make more friends and learn about different customs in our country as well. 10.如果你能考虑我的申请,我将不胜感激。 I would really appreciate it if you could take my application into consideration. ●感谢信 1.非常感谢在伦敦逗留期间您的帮助。 I am very grateful to you for your kindness during my stay in London. 2.感谢您的贴心陪伴,我愉快地度过了两周的假期。 Thanks to your care and company,I had a wonderful time during the two-week holiday. 3.美丽的乡村风光、壮观的白金汉宫以及友好的人们都给我留下了深刻的印象。 The beautiful rural scenery,the splendid Buckingham Palace and the friendly people all left me a deep impression. 4.而且令我高兴的是,我的英语口语水平在您的指导下提高很大。 And much to my delight,my spoken English has greatly improved under your guidance. 5.我永远也忘不了您对我的帮助,以及我们一起度过的时光。 I will never forget the help you gave me and the time we spent together. 6.我确实希望您和您的家人以后能来中国。 I do hope you and your family will come to China in the future. 7.我确信你们也会在这里玩得开心。 I’m sure you will also have a nice time here. ●通知 1.5 月 5 日史密斯先生将要在学校报告厅举行关于英国传统文化的讲座。 Mr.Smith will give a lecture on English traditional culture at the school hall on May 5. 2.要求所有人按时到。 All are requested to come on time. 3.每个人都要参加这个活动。 Every one of you is expected to be part of the event. 4.大家快来吧,展示你们自己的时间到了! Come on,everybody! It’s your show time. 5.快来积极参加吧,祝你们好运! Have an active part in it,and wish you good luck! ●描写人物 1.他叫李华,出生在北京,身高 1.78 米,体重 60 千克。 His name is Li Hua,born in Beijing,1.78 meters tall and 60 kilos in weight. 2.我的朋友李华,今年 26 岁,四年前从北京大学毕业,刚刚拿到了他的博士学位。 My friend Li Hua,aged 26,graduated from Peking University four years ago,and has just received his doctor’s degree. 3.李华英俊潇洒,勇敢乐观,而且乐于助人。 Li Hua is handsome,brave and above all,optimistic.In addition,he is willing/ready to help others. 4.由于善良、有耐心并且总是乐于帮助她的学生们,她所有的学生都喜欢她。 Being kind,patient and always ready to help her students,she is very popular with all her students. 5.他爱交朋友,所以他能与同学们和老师们相处融洽。 He is good at making friends/He enjoys making friends,so he can get on well with all his classmates and teachers. 6.他物理好,曾经获得过中学物理竞赛一等奖。 He does well in physics,and once won first prize in a physics competition for middle school students. 7.他特别喜欢弹吉他,作为学校音乐俱乐部的一员,他经常参加音乐表演。 He had a strong passion for playing the guitar.As a member of the music club of the school,he often gives music performances. 8.自从 5 岁开始学游泳,他就对游泳有着强烈的热爱。 He has had a strong passion for swimming since he took it up at the age of five. 9.在他们的帮助下,我重获信心,并且开始取得稳步进展。 With their help,I regained my confidence and began to make steady progress. 10.他致力于科研工作,为国家做出了巨大贡献。 He devoted himself to scientific research and made great contributions to the country. 11.他为科学技术的发展做出了巨大贡献。 He made great contributions to the development of science and technology. 12.他是这个领域里最重要的人物之一。 He is one of the most important people in this field. 13.他被认为是世界上最伟大的作家之一,被授予了诺贝尔文学奖。 Considered to be one of the greatest writers in the world,he was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. 14.他为我们青少年树立了好的榜样,他是我的骄傲。 He set a good example to us teenagers,and I am proud of him. ●叙述事件 1.五一期间,我去泰山看日出了。 On May Day,I went to Mount Tai to see the sunrise. 2.4 月 12 日是难以忘怀的日子,因为那天我们班举行了一次有意义的活动。 April 12th is memorable because our class had a meaningful experience on that day. 3.上周,我经历了一件有意义的事情,这给我带来了很大启示。 Last week,I experienced a meaningful thing,which really gave me a great deal of inspiration. 4.上个月我有一次有意义的经历,这使我印象深刻。那段宝贵的记忆至今仍然历历在目,仿佛就发生 在昨天一样。 Last month,I had a meaningful experience,which left me a deep impression.The precious memory is still fresh today as if it had occurred only yesterday. 5.我将永远不会忘记上周末发生的事情。 I will never forget the thing that happened last weekend. 6.我正在公园散步,突然看到一位老人正吃力地推着轮椅。 I was walking in the park when I caught sight of an old man pushing a wheelchair with difficulty. 7.走在乡间小路上,我们沐浴着温暖的阳光,欣赏着美景。 While walking on the country road,we enjoyed the warm sunshine and the beautiful views. 8.我们一到达目的地就开始完成这项工作。 Hardly had we arrived at the destination when we set out to fulfill the task. 9.路上我发现一个外国人看上去很焦急的样子。 On the way,I found a foreigner looking worried. 10.我走上前去,得知这个外国人在这个城市迷路了。 I went upward and knew that the foreigner was lost in the city. 11.激动万分,我迫不及待地在朋友圈分享我的照片。 With excitement,I couldn’t wait to share my pictures on WeChat Moments. 12.被美景所吸引,我们拍了照,将这珍贵的瞬间永久保存。 Attracted by the beautiful scenery,we had a photo taken,capturing the precious moment forever. 13.这是我曾经经历的最激动人心的时刻。 It was the most exciting moment that I have ever experienced. 14.这是多么壮观的景象啊!我将永远不会忘记这一刻。 What a magnificent sight it was! I will never forget the moment. 15.尽管我们很累,但是有一种成就感。 Tired as we were,we had a sense of achievement. 16.正是这次活动加深了师生之间的情谊。 It was this activity that further deepened the relationship between the teacher and students. 17.在那时我才认识到生活中的小事情也有非凡的意义。我将不遗余力地为需要的人提供帮助。 Only then did I realize that small things could make a big difference in our life.I will spare no effort to offer my help to those in need. 18.正是通过这次活动我才认识到我们有责任继承我们的文化瑰宝。 Only through this experience did I realize that it’s our responsibility to inherit our cultural treasures. 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1 A (2020 新高考山东) 假定你是李华,上周日你校举办了 5 公里越野赛跑活动。请你为校英文报写一篇报道,内容包括: 1.参加人员; 2.跑步路线:从校门口到南山脚下; 3.活动反响。 注意: 1.写作词数应为 80 左右; 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 A Cross-Country Running Race B (2020 全国Ⅰ) 你校正在组织英语作文比赛。请以身边值得尊敬和爱戴的人为题,写一篇短文参赛,内容包括: 1.人物简介; 2.尊敬和爱戴的原因。 注意:词数 100 左右。 Unit 2 A (2020 全国Ⅱ) 上周末,你和同学参加了一次采摘活动。请你为班级英语角写一篇短文,介绍这次活动,内容包括: 1.农场情况; 2.采摘过程; 3.个人感受。 注意: 1.词数 100 左右; 2.题目已为你写好。 My Weekend B (2020 全国Ⅲ) 假定你是李华,你和同学根据英语课文改编了一个短剧。给外教 Miss Evans 写封邮件,请她帮忙指 导。邮件内容包括: 1.剧情简介; 2.指导内容; 3.商定时间地点。 注意:词数 100 左右。 Unit 3 A (2020 浙江) 假定你是李华,你校来自爱尔兰的外教 Peter 因病回国休假。请给他写一封电子邮件,内容包括: 1.询问近况; 2.分享班级最新消息; 3.表达祝愿。 注意:1.词数 80 左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 B (2020 天津) 假设你是晨光中学高三学生李津。你校于 6 月 8 日举办了成人礼活动,你的英国朋友 Chris 很想了解 该活动。你于当晚给 Chris 回一封电子邮件,介绍相关情况,内容包括: (1)成人礼活动内容(成长点滴回顾、观看校友抗疫事迹录像等); (2)对活动的感受; (3)对自己未来的展望。 注意: (1)词数不少于 100; (2)可适当加入细节,使内容充实、行文连贯; (3)开头已给出,不计入总词数。 参考词汇: 成人礼 the coming-of age ceremony 新冠肺炎 COVID-19 Dear Chris, I’m so glad to hear from you. Yours, Li Jin 专题二　读后续写 考情透析谋对策 ●高考读后续写,我们要知道的 4 个方面 ◆以价值素养为导向,突出综合性和创新性,倡导读写融合。 ◆语篇文体为记叙文;文章结构简单;时间、地点明确;语言生动,但难度不大。段首句规划了写作思 路和框架,写作内容基本明确。 ◆新高考山东卷的话题为“帮助贫困家庭”,歌颂真善美,传播正能量。浙江卷的话题为“营地遭遇北极 熊并成功脱险”,倡导人与自然的和谐共处。 ◆人物情感发展脉络清晰。新高考山东卷的主人公情感起伏不大,以助人的急切心情为主。浙江卷 中的主人公的情感变化曲折,先是兴奋渴望,然后惊恐,最后是脱险之后的放松。 ●实现高分小目标,方向和方法都重要 ◆方向比努力重要。读后续写是高考新题型,首先要研透题型特点,明确考查的各项能力,并进行针对 性训练。 ◆变的是语篇,不变的是思路。由于提供文本材料为故事体记叙文,因此我们就要根据记叙文的要素 来理清文本的内容和故事情节的发展脉络,提炼故事的主要事件,并进行合理的续写。 ◆不能等沧海横流,才想起筑堤。读后续写不同于应用文写作,单凭背诵经典句式和模板是没有用 的。文段要续写好,首先要把提供的文本材料研读透彻。要想能够快速提炼出故事梗概,弄清楚人物 特点,理清故事脉络发展方向,这就要求在日常学习中,加大词汇量背诵,大量阅读故事体记叙文材料, 并总结归纳其写作特点。只有这样,才能为后面的段落续写打好基础。 ◆所有被旁人视作的“天赋异禀”,都逃不开从始至终的规划布局。读后续写是一个写作大工程,除了 要有厚实的阅读基础外,还要对读后续写的写作方法和训练进行整体布局。一篇高分写作,要保持原 文写作风格,就要有厚实的写作功底。这就要对整个写作训练的过程进行科学规划。除了加大词汇 量外,还要系统地梳理积累各种情景描写、人物刻画、情节发展、故事结局与启示的高级表达语句 与段落,并在写作中尝试使用。只有这样从大局出发,整篇布局并训练,才能写出高分佳作。 ◆走一条自己的路,享受读写的快乐。二轮复习时间紧张,一篇完整的读后续写用时多,老师不会在课 堂上拿出太多的时间。但是,读后续写分值高,这就要求我们有自己的复习计划和节奏,合理安排阅读 和写作的内容。小段的时间可以进行小语段、小情节的微写作训练;大段的时间就可以进行整篇的 续写,养成提笔能写、见情景能表达的写作习惯,走出一条属于自己的路,享受读写的快乐。 题型指导寻技法 ●题型解读 读后续写题会提供一段 350 词以内的语言材料,要求考生根据该材料内容和所给段落开头语进行续 写(150 词左右),将其发展成一篇与给定材料有逻辑衔接、情节和结构完整的短文。 1.题型考查的能力 (1)想象力和创新表达能力; (2)理解与产出紧密结合的能力; (3)创造性地模仿与使用语言的能力。 2.读后续写的高考评分标准 (1)与所给短文及段落开头语的衔接程度; (2)内容的丰富性; (3)应用语法结构和词汇的丰富性和准确性; (4)上下文的连贯性; (5)拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑; (6)如书写较差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。 ●高分范文的特点 1.读透原文。不但要读懂文章的意思,而且理解人物的特点、作者写作的语气、语篇的文风和中心 思想。 2.了解记叙文的文体特点。记叙文离不开六要素:who,when,where,what,how,why。阅读时,找出六要 素,文章结构水落石出。 3.读后续写是限制性写作。两段段首句已经给出,还有约 150 词的词数限制。这就适当限制了发挥, 续写时要考虑到各个方面,不能天马行空。所续写的故事要与前文的叙述高度融合,续写的情节要巧 妙合理,要有起因、转折、高潮与结局。 4.续写的不仅是内容,还有叙述的角度,例如,用第一人称还是第三人称,还要考虑人物特点、文风与文 章的中心思想。 ●解题步骤 1.准确理解材料,理清人物事件 仔细阅读所提供的语言材料,准确理解材料内容,确保自己的理解与作者所表达的意义一致。同时,我 们不仅要能读懂字面含义,还要理解文章的隐含意义,并理清文章的脉络和框架。 在准确理解原文之后,我们应快速地理清原文的人物和事件。由于所提供材料的体裁往往是以写事 为主的记叙文,因此我们可根据 when、where、who、what、why、how 来理清文本的内容和故事情 节的发展脉络,提炼故事的主要事件。 2.根据段落开头语,确定续写方向 我们在提炼出人物和故事要点之后,应当结合两个续写段落的首句充分发挥想象,大胆预测故事的走 向。但是,两个续写段落的首句既是提示,也是限制。因此,在预测内容时,须紧跟原文内容,紧密衔接 段落首句,这样才能保证续写的内容与原文高度融洽。通常,由于两个续写段落的首句已经给出,所以 夹在两个续写段落首句之间的第一段的续写方向相对第二段会较为明确一些。 3.调整写作语言,完成读后续写 在具体的续写时,我们应对所罗列的要点进行筛选和整合,并考虑与两个续写段落首句的衔接,以及续 写要点之间的衔接。上下文的照应、连接词的有效运用等都可以使文本更加紧凑连贯。同时,也应 当在语言上加以润色,使用更加准确、具体和生动的动词和形容词等,进而让人物更加鲜明,让故事更 加生动。例如,当描述“好的”时,我们通常会立刻想到 good。其实有许多细节词汇可以表示“好的”, 如 amazing“令人惊奇的”;wonderful“极好的;精彩的”;perfect“完美的”;outstanding“出色的”等。在特定 的场景中恰当地使用细节词可以具体、生动地反映出事物的真实性,能够让读者感受作者独特的思 想和情感的变化。 4.认真书写卷面,标出关键词语。 最后誊写时,字迹要工整,卷面要清晰。同时认真检查时态、人称等内容。 ●真题剖析与技巧点拨 (2018 浙江) 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。 It was summer,and my dad wanted to treat me to a vacation like never before.He decided to take me on a trip to the Wild West. We took a plane to Albuquerque,a big city in the state of New Mexico.We reached Albuquerque in the late afternoon.Uncle Paul,my dad’s friend,picked us up from the airport and drove us up to his farm in Pecos. His wife Tina cooked us a delicious dinner and we got to know his sons Ryan and Kyle.My dad and I spent the night in the guestroom of the farm house listening to the frogs and water rolling down the river nearby.Very early in the morning,Uncle Paul woke us up to have breakfast.“The day starts at dawn on my farm,” he said.After breakfast,I went to help Aunt Tina feed the chickens,while my dad went with Uncle Paul to take the sheep out to graze(吃草).I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.They looked really cool. In the afternoon,I asked Uncle Paul if I could take a horse ride,and he said yes,as long as my dad went with me.I wasn’t going to take a horse ride by myself anyway.So,my dad and I put on our new cowboy hats,got on our horses,and headed slowly towards the mountains.“Don’t be late for supper,” Uncle Paul cried,“and keep to the track so that you don’t get lost!” “OK!” my dad cried back.After a while Uncle Paul and his farm house were out of sight.It was so peaceful and quiet and the colors of the brown rocks,the deep green pine trees,and the late afternoon sun mixed to create a magic scene.It looked like a beautiful woven(编织的) blanket spread out upon the ground just for us. 注意: 1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右; 2.至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语; 3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好; 4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse. Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark. 【语篇解读】这是 2018 年 6 月浙江省高考真题的读后续写,语篇文体为记叙文。主要记叙了爸爸为 了让大家过一个不同寻常的暑假,带着一家人去了 Uncle Paul 的农场。在那里,“我”在爸爸的陪伴下, 体验了一次骑马历险。给出的文章是故事的开始,主要介绍了整个事件发生的时间、地点以及农场 生活的初次体验。在阅读文章时,我们要带着 when、where、who、what、why 和 how 去理清语篇内 容和故事情节的发展脉络。在梳理故事情节发展的脉络时,我们要把握三条线索:时间线、故事情节 线和情感发展线。 时间线:①It was summer.→②(the first day) in the late afternoon→③spent the night→④(the second day) very early in the morning→⑤after the breakfast→⑥in the afternoon→⑦after a while 故事情节线:根据上文的时间线,我们可以梳理出文章的故事情节。 故事背景:爸爸带着我们一家人去 Uncle Paul 的农场过暑假。 第一天:下午 Uncle Paul 到机场接我们,晚上在农场听蛙鸣与河水潺潺声。 第二天:吃过早饭后,体验农场生活。我和 Tina 一起喂鸡,看爸爸和 Uncle Paul 一起放羊。看到爸爸骑 马的样子那么帅, “我”也想试一试。在“我”的请求下,爸爸答应陪“我”一起骑马。在我们出发 前,Uncle Paul 叮嘱“我们”要沿着足迹走,并在晚饭前赶回来,不然可能会迷路。于是,“我”和爸爸就出 发了。 情感发展线:因为是在度假,整篇文章的情感基调是积极愉快的。虽然没有直接表达这样情感的具体 词语,但读者从 delicious dinner,peaceful,quiet,magic,beautiful 等这些词可以感受到,“我”对这次农场之 旅是满意的。而且从“I was impressed to see my dad and Uncle Paul riding horses.”也可以感受到“我” 对骑马有浓厚的兴趣。因此,尽管下文骑马迷路,可能会遭遇险境,但最终故事的结局应该不会太糟。 【段首句解读】 读后续写所给的段首句规划了我们的写作思路和框架。因此,在写作前必须仔细研究两段的开头 语。写作时,我们往往要采用逆向思维,也就是从第二段首句推测第一段的故事情节,再根据第二段首 句展开第二段的续写。从第二段首句“We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.”可 知,“我”和爸爸迷路了,那么第一段要描写的是他们是如何迷路的。 根据第一段首句“Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.”中的 suddenly 可知,情况突然 发生了变化。结合上文对沿途美丽景色的描写,可以推知“我”和爸爸正在欣赏沿途的美景,这时突然 跳出一只兔子,必然会打破原来的平静。于是, “我”、爸爸以及马的反应和心理活动也要发生相应的 变化,这应该是本段要描写的内容。 第二段首句“We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.”说“我们”迷路了,这里说明上文的 内容是,兔子出现了,我们就去追赶它,不知不觉跑远了,因而偏离了原来的轨迹。有可能是兔子的出 现,使马儿受到了惊吓,带着“我”乱跑导致了迷路。不管怎么说,可以肯定的是,“我”和爸爸最终还是回 到了农场。因此,第二段主要是描写如何回到农场的。这里,天黑迷路时人物的心理活动、周围环境 的描写、爸爸的行为表现等方面应该是描写的主要内容。 【写作思路】 写作思路的确定必须遵循故事发展的时间线、情节线和情感发展线。首先要确定文章的故事情节, 然后再考虑情感的铺垫。故事情节一般要有两个左右的人物、事件和场景。这样,一方面可以避免 情节浮于表面或者过于简单,另一方面也可以有空间进行生动细致的描写。 思路① 兔子突然出现了,它的可爱模样引起了我的兴趣,我跟着兔子走着,并欣赏着沿路的美丽景色,以至于 渐渐偏离了原来的轨迹浑然不知。眼前除了树什么也没有。我心里还想,我们不能及时赶回去吃晚 饭了。后来,无论尝试什么办法都无济于事,我们又累又饿。 天黑了,我们不知道自己身处何地,更糟糕的是,天竟然下起了小雨,雨水冲走了我们来时留下的痕 迹。我差点就要崩溃了,这时爸爸说,他记得保罗叔叔的农舍在一条河边。只要能找到那条河,我们就 能回家。最终,我们找到了小河,然后沿着小河回到了农场。 思路② 兔子的突然出现,让马儿受到惊吓,它疯狂地乱跑,完全不受缰绳的控制。我一边抓住缰绳,一边向爸 爸呼救。爸爸也一路快马加鞭地紧跟着我,担心我的安全。马儿跑了很远直到精疲力竭才停下来,这 时爸爸悬着的心终于也放下来了。但是,我们发现了一个严重的问题,那就是我们找不到来时的路 了。 我们发现自己迷路了而且天色已晚。我们在树林里漫无目的地走着,寻找着回去的路,也不知道还会 发生什么可怕的事情。这时我们听到了潺潺的流水声。在农场附近也有河流,心想沿着河流应该可 以回去。不久,我们就看到了熟悉的羊群和农场,而且,令我特别高兴的是,Uncle Paul 在前面等着我 们。这次迷路的经历为我的假期增添了一种别样的感觉,这让我终生难忘。 【范文欣赏 1】 Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.Dad and I found it was so cute that we decided to chase it.After a while,we completely got lost in the forest.There was nothing in our sight but trees.“We may not be able to make it back to the farm house and will be late for supper.”I thought to myself.After a series of fruitless attempts to find a way out,we were very hungry and tired. Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.We got stuck in the forest.And an unexpected shower added to the difficulty in finding a way home,for all the tracks we had made disappeared because of the rain.I was almost on the edge of breaking down when my father said in a gentle and calm voice,“Don’t worry,my son.I remember there is a river near the farm house.Find the river and we will be back home.”Finally,we found the river and got back to the house along it.It is a memorable experience to me. 【点评 1】 作者用朴实、细腻、形象的语言描写了“我”和爸爸外出骑马迷路后,通过努力和智慧回到农场的经 过。情感方面的描写主要体现在“我”的心理变化上。随着故事的进展“我”从看到兔子的欢喜然后追 逐它,到在森林里迷路。再用 a series of fruitless attempts 表达了迷路后的尝试和努力后的无果,到 hungry and tired。然后,天公不作美下起了雨,更增加了“我”的无助,因为来时的足迹让雨冲没了。这 时候,爸爸的安慰让“我”振作了起来。对周边环境的描写不是很多,“There was nothing in our sight but trees.”(眼前什么也看不见,只有树),这种环境描写看似漫不经心,实则描述了“我”的焦虑与害怕。本文 共用两句直接引语。第一句是“我”的内心独白,表达了对回不到农场的焦虑和担忧,第二句是爸爸说 的话,他的温和与镇定给了“我”安慰与依靠,体现了文章积极向上的基调。这次冒险为作者的人生经 历增添了一个别样的回忆。 全文没有用高大上的词汇渲染,但是像 cute,make it,a series of fruitless attempts,got stuck,added to the difficulty, on the edge of breaking down when...等词的灵活运用给读者“小桥流水”的感觉。 【范文欣赏 2】 Paragraph 1: Suddenly a little rabbit jumped out in front of my horse.My horse was so frightened that it began running fast.My heart was pumping wildly and my blood was pulsing through my veins.I pulled back the reins and tried every means to stop the horse but in vain.After what seemed a long time,my dad caught up with me breathlessly and managed to stop my horse.But we found that we got lost in the forest,with no track beside us. Paragraph 2: We had no idea where we were and it was getting dark.We wandered in the forest and didn’t know what horrible things would happen,hoping to find the way back before it was too late.Suddenly,we heard the sound of water rolling down the river and decided to follow it.After a while,we heard the familiar sound of sheep and then caught sight of the farm house.To our great joy,Uncle Paul was waiting for us in the distance.I thought to myself that our being lost added a special taste to my adventurous vacation which I would remember all my life. 【点评 2】 本文语言丰富,词汇运用灵活,高级句式多样。并列句、复合句、with 复合结构、非谓语动词的灵活 运用、独立成分的使用等高级句式比比皆是,让读者感受到了作者深厚的语言功底。 文章情节构思巧妙,描写生动。虽然这篇文章的环境描写较少,但是有限的几句却在文章中起到了画 龙点睛的作用。例如马受惊后跑起来“我”内心的感受,以及河流的平静和作者内心的不平静形成鲜 明对比,这凸显了主人公迷路之后的焦虑与不安。最后河流和羊的声音也为故事的结局画上了圆满 的句号,而 Uncle Paul 远处的身影让“我”的内心感到了温暖,使文章在情感上得到了升华。 素材积累提档次 ●准确表达故事背景 一、表达时间 1.at dawn/noon/dusk/night 在黎明/在中午/在傍晚/在夜间 2.in the late afternoon 在傍晚 3.three days later 三天之后 4.shortly after 不久以后 5.in the meantime 与此同时 6.on that winter afternoon 在那个冬天的下午 7.in my future life 在我以后的生活中 8.at the end of the summer 在夏末 9.in the following days 在接下来的日子里 10.after ending a day’s work 结束了一天的工作后 11.Days went by.几天过去了。 12.It was getting dark.天黑下来了。 13.They arrived soon after.他们没多久就到了。 14.I waited till they returned.我一直等到他们回来。 15.It was five o’clock in the morning.那是在早上五点钟。 16.It was daybreak when Jane woke up.简醒来已是黎明。 17.Years seemed to run more swiftly then.那些年似乎过得更快。 18.It occurred on the morning of the fifteenth.事情发生在 15 号的上午。 19.At early morning I went up through the hillside woods.清晨我穿越山坡的小树林。 20.On entering the garden I noted that spring had come round.一走进花园我就发现春天已经到了。 二、表示地点与地理位置 1.in nature 在大自然中 2.on the spot 在现场 3.in the woods 在小树林里 4.in the open wild 在露天里 5.on the top of the hill 在山顶上 6.in the gas station 在加油站 7.along the stream 沿着小溪 8.go a mile or so 走了大约一英里 9.to the east of the village 在村子的东面 10.on the other side of the forest 在森林的另一边 11.The town is ten miles away.镇子在十英里之外。 12.At a distance,she spotted a misty figure.在远处,她发现了一个模糊的身影。 13.Our hotel is within a stone’s throw of the beach.我们的酒店离海滨仅咫尺之遥。 14.The ship struck a hidden rock beneath the surface of the water.船撞上了水下的礁石。 15.We visited a small village off the map last summer.去年夏天我们去了一个偏僻的小村庄。 16.He glanced at the map and told us that there would be a village less than twenty miles away.他瞥了一 眼地图,然后告诉我们,前面再走不到 20 英里就是一个村庄。 17.Arriving at the top of the hill,we were faced by a most impressive scene.到达山顶时,呈现在我们面前 的是一片令人惊叹的景色。 18.The small island is located somewhere on the Pacific coast.那个小岛位于太平洋沿岸某处。 ●使景物绘声绘色 三、表达天气变化 1.a stormy night 暴风雨之夜 2.be buried in snow 深埋在雪中 3.the wind-driven snow 风雪交加 4.the bright blue sky 明朗的天空 5.in the blinding rain 在茫茫大雨中 6.cool and refreshing breeze 凉爽清新的风 7.The fog is beginning to lift.雾正在散去。 8.The snow soon melted away.雪不久就化了。 9.The storm is at its height.暴风雨下得正猛。 10.The rain wetted his clothes.雨水弄湿了他的衣服。 11.The wind is whipping at my hair.风吹打着我的头发。 12.The needle-cold wind pierced his face.寒风如针,刺着他的脸。 13.It’s raining cats and dogs outside now.现在外面下着倾盆大雨。 14.The scorching sun beat down on my head.火辣辣的太阳照在我的头顶。 15.That night,the temperature dropped below zero.那天晚上,温度降到了零度以下。 四、描绘自然景色 1.the beautiful scenery 美景 2.the limitless green grass 无边的草地 3.the beauty of the nature 大自然的美 4.the great sights along the way 沿途的美景 5.the countless stars in the curtain of nights 夜幕下无数的星星 6.the night with fresh air and millions of stars 空气清新满天繁星的夜晚 7.The beautiful scenery is beyond description.这美丽的景色难以用语言形容。 8.The night settled in.夜幕降临。 9.The sun sank behind the hills.太阳落到山背后去了。 10.The lotus flowers are now in full bloom.荷花正在盛开。 11.Moonbeams streamed in through a window.月光从一扇窗户倾泻而入。 12.However,the lakes shone like glass in the setting sun and looked wonderful.然而,湖水在落日的余晖下 闪亮如镜,景色迷人。 13.There was almost no wind—only the flames of our fire for company.几乎没有风,只有篝火相伴。 14.The rose gives out a sweet smell,which promises to be a perfect day.玫瑰花散发出香甜的味道,预示着 美好的一天开始了。 15.In the distance,we could see the misty cloud rising from the lake,which remains fresh in my memory.在 远处,我们可以看到雾霭从湖的上方升起,那个情景我至今记忆犹新。 ●把人物描写鲜活 五、描写人物的心理活动 1.be full of joy 充满欢乐 2.with a light heart 心情放松 3.a mixture of excitement and happiness 既兴奋又开心 4.tremble with excitement 激动地颤抖 5.be down in spirits 情绪低落 6.feel hungry and exhausted 感觉又饿又累 7.with tears in his eyes 眼里含着泪水 8.be seized with sadness 感觉很悲伤 9.fall into despair 陷入绝望 10.with a heavy heart 怀着沉重的心情 11.feel shocked and ashamed 感觉震惊并羞愧 12.His heart leaped with joy.他的心欢喜得怦怦直跳。 13.Tears of happiness flowed down.流下幸福的泪水。 14.I saw her eyes well up with tears.我看见她泪如泉涌。 15.He stamped his feet in anger.他气得跺脚。 16.The crowd cheered and shouted happily.人们欢呼着,高兴地喊着。 17.All of a sudden,the sadness on his face was wiped out.突然,他脸上的悲伤消失了。 18.She felt within herself a sense of joy and happiness surging through her.她内心深处洋溢着喜悦和幸 福。 19.His dark eyes danced with pride,love and excitement.他黑色的眼睛闪动着骄傲、爱和兴奋。 20.Hearing this,I felt very shocked and puzzled.听到这话,我感到非常震惊和迷惑。 21.Although I was tired and in bad mood,I also felt warm and happy.尽管我疲惫且心情不好,但是我依然 感受到了温暖和幸福。 22.All the frustration and stress that had been building up inside of me came to a complete stop.所有在我 体内堆积起来的沮丧和压力都烟消云散了。 六、描写人物的个性品质以及外表外貌 1.be optimistic and ambitious 乐观并且有抱负 2.a strong minded person 一个意志坚定的人 3.lovely and good-natured personality 温和可爱的个性 4.a well-built man 一个身材魁梧的人 5.have a good figure 体型好 6.a dark figure in the moonlight 月光下有个模糊的人影 7.wear shoulder-length hair 留着齐肩发 8.a girl in her early twenties 一个 20 岁出头的姑娘 9.tie in a pony tail 扎了个马尾辫 10.a weather-worn face 一张饱经风霜的脸 11.a quiet gracious lady 一位娴静有礼的淑女 12.an accomplished young lady 一位年轻的才女 13.be equipped with a keen insight 具有敏锐的洞察力 14.But he was kind and considerate.但是他善良体贴。 15.Her lovely face looked pale.她可爱的面庞看上去苍白。 16.He is with high cheek-bones and a sunken nose.他颧骨高耸,鼻梁塌陷。 17.Once I set a goal,I will make great efforts to realize it.一旦设定了目标,我就会竭尽全力去实现它。 18.He sat in front of them,his dusty face masking his age.他坐在他们前面,满面尘埃掩盖了他的年龄。 19.He is a man with great determination,of whom the perseverance is occasionally unimaginable. 他是一个意志坚强的人,有些时候他的毅力是你没法想象的。 20.Her husband was such a kind-hearted and considerate man that he hid the truth for his whole life. 她丈夫是一个这么善良且体贴的人,以至于把真相隐瞒了一生。 ●让叙事情节生动 七、描写日常活动 1.race home 快跑回家 2.take a stroll 闲逛 3.pick up the phone 拿起电话 4.set off for school 启程去学校 5.tidy the room 整理房间 6.head for the station 朝车站走去 7.run after a rabbit 追赶一只兔子 8.run away from the spot 从现场逃跑 9.wander into the woods 漫步向山里走去 10.carry water and plant trees 提水种树 11.walk along the path 沿着小道散步 12.wander over the countryside 在乡间漫步 13.catch up with the class 赶上同学们 14.go straight to the garden 径直朝花园走去 15.He gazes up at the sky silently.他静静地凝视着天空。 16.She soon spotted me in the crowd.她很快在人群中发现了我。 17.She kept drifting away in class today.今天课上她一直走神。 18.A good idea suddenly flashed across his mind.一个好主意突然闪过他的脑海。 19.I would catch up with them if I hurried.如果我加快速度,我就能赶上他们。 20.He leaned in and whispered into my ears.他侧过身来,悄悄在我耳边说。 八、描写人物动作 1.jump to one’s feet 一跃而起 2.walk gracefully 步态优美 3.pace back and forth 来回踱步 4.read one’s mind 看出某人的心思 5.look at me with a smile 微笑看着我 6.look me up and down 上下打量我 7.scream in anger 恼怒地大叫起来 8.hug her son tightly 紧紧地抱着她儿子 9.pat Tom on the shoulder 拍了拍汤姆的肩膀 10.lean against sb’s shoulder 靠着某人的肩膀 11.Everyone had a good laugh.大家都大笑了。 12.give Dad a kiss on the cheek 吻了爸爸的脸 13.stroll aimlessly through the street 毫无目的地在街上游荡 14.get along well with others 与别人相处融洽 15.He stopped,taking a breath.他停下来,喘着粗气。 16.I struggled out of the bed.我挣扎着从床上爬起来。 17.I shook my head and said nothing.我摇了摇头,什么也没说。 18.He plucked up courage and knocked at the door.他鼓起勇气,敲了敲门。 19.She grinned at me,her eyes sparkling.她对我露齿一笑,眼里闪烁着光芒。 20.She asked over her shoulder,“Do you remember me?”她扭过头问道,“你还记得我吗?” ●让故事的意义得到升华 九、阐述故事的结局 1.feel a sense of warmth 感觉到了温暖 2.remain fresh in one’s memory 让人记忆犹新 3.a truly memorable experience 值得珍藏的经历 4.treasure up this happy time 铭记这幸福的时刻 5.lead to a brand-new future 通往一个崭新的未来 6.live in my heart forever 永远活在我的心中 7.be received with much appreciation 深受赞扬 8.an enchanting mental and physical business 一件身心有益的事情 9.recall the sweet moment of one’s high school life 回忆高中生活的美好时刻 10.as if a great weight had been lifted from me 好像卸掉了一个重包袱 11.have no choice but to tell him the truth 别无选择,只有告诉他真相 12.be bathed in the atmosphere of confidence 沉浸在自信的气氛中 13.a trip that we’d remember forever 我们终生难忘的旅行 14.achieve the dream of living in the countryside 实现了居住在乡村的梦想 15.brighten our lives and keep our dreams colorful 点亮我们的生活,让我们的梦想丰富多彩 16.I would always love her till the end of my life.我将爱她一生。 17.The two brothers waved grateful goodbye to him.兄弟俩感激地向他挥手告别。 18.He realized what his grandfather said proved to be right.他意识到他爷爷说的被证明是正确的。 19.It is an unforgettable moment to me,which I will treasure forever.这对我来说是一个难忘的时刻,我将 永远铭记。 20.My patience and love let him believe that the world was full of kindness.我的耐心和爱让他相信这个 世界充满了善良。 十、感悟与启示 1.understand what’s the meaning of life 理解生命的意义 2.the most valuable thing in the world 世界上最有价值的东西 3.the thing I valued most in my life 我一生中最珍视的东西 4.gain a better understanding of life 对生活有了更好的理解 5.enable us to understand each other better 使我们能更好地相互理解 6.find the significance of the race 发现比赛的真正意义 7.treasure the memory of this happy time 珍惜这段幸福时光的回忆 8.realize the real meaning of success 认识到了成功的真正含义 9.Helping others is a pleasure.帮助别人是一种快乐。 10.Helping others is helping ourselves.帮助别人就是帮助我们自己。 11.I will do well what I should do in my future life.在未来的生活中我会做好自己该做的事情。 12.Absolute determination leads to eventual fulfillment of dreams.坚定的决心促使梦想的实现。 13.I realized that a sincere heart was more significant than money.我意识到一颗真诚的心比钱更有意 义。 14.The happiest people are not those who own all the best things,but the ones who can really appreciate the beauty of life.最幸福的人并非是拥有最好的东西的人,而是那些懂得真正欣赏生活之美的人。 15.Happiness lies for those who have cried,those who have been hurt,those who have searched,and those who have tried,for only they can appreciate the importance of people who have touched their lives.幸福属 于那些曾经哭过、受过伤害、努力尝试过的人,因为只有他们懂得那些走进他们生命中的人的重要 性。 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1 (2020 新高考山东) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 The Meredith family lived in a small community.As the economy was in decline,some people in the town had lost their jobs.Many of their families were struggling to make ends meet.People were trying to help each other meet the challenges. Mrs.Meredith was a most kind and thoughtful woman.She spent a great deal of time visiting the poor.She knew they had problems,and they needed all kinds of help.When she had time,she would bring food and medicine to them. One morning she told her children about a family she had visited the day before.There was a man sick in bed,his wife,who took care of him and could not go out to work,and their little boy.The little boy—his name was Bernard—had interested her very much. “I wish you could see him,”she said to her own children,John,Harry,and Clara.“He is such a help to his mother.He wants very much to earn some money,but I don’t see what he can do.” After their mother left the room,the children sat thinking about Bernard.“I wish we could help him to earn money,”said Clara.“His family is suffering so much.” “So do I,”said Harry.“We really should do something to assist them.” For some moments,John said nothing,but,suddenly,he sprang to his feet and cried,“I have a great idea!I have a solution that we can all help accomplish(完成).” The other children also jumped up all attention.When John had an idea,it was sure to be a good one.“I tell you what we can do,”said John.“You know that big box of corn Uncle John sent us?Well,we can make popcorn(爆米花),and put it into paper bags,and Bernard can take it around to the houses and sell it.” 注意:续写词数应为 150 左右。 When Mrs. Meredith heard of John’s idea,she thought it was a good one,too. With everything ready,Bernard started out on his new business. Unit 2 (2020 浙江) 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。 One fall,my wife Elli and I had a single goal:to photograph polar bears.We were staying at a research camp outside “the polar bear capital of the world”—the town of Churchill in Manitoba,Canada. Taking pictures of polar bears is amazing but also dangerous.Polar bears—like all wild animals—should be photographed from a safe distance.When I’m face to face with a polar bear,I like it to be through a camera with a telephoto lens.But sometimes,that is easier said than done.This was one of those times. As Elli and I cooked dinner,a young male polar bear who was playing in a nearby lake sniffed,and smelled our garlic bread. The hungry bear followed his nose to our camp,which was surrounded by a high wire fence.He pulled and bit the wire.He stood on his back legs and pushed at the wooden fence posts. Terrified,Elli and I tried all the bear defense actions we knew.We yelled at the bear,hit pots hard,and fired blank shotgun shells into the air.Sometimes loud noises like these will scare bears off.Not this polar bear though—he just kept trying to tear down the fence with his massive paws(爪子). I radioed the camp manager for help.He told me a helicopter was on its way,but it would be 30 minutes before it arrived.Making the best of this close encounter(相遇),I took some pictures of the bear. Elli and I feared the fence wouldn’t last through 30 more minutes of the bear’s punishment.The camp manager suggested I use pepper spray.The spray burns the bears’ eyes,but doesn’t hurt them.So I approached our uninvited guest slowly and,through the fence,sprayed him in the face.With an angry roar(吼叫),the bear ran to the lake to wash his eyes. 注意: 1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右; 2.至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语; 3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好; 4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 A few minutes later,the bear headed back to our camp. At that very moment,the helicopter arrived. Unit 3 (2020 山东模考) 阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。 Though it is one of the faded memories of my life today,there are times when I remember his face clearly,especially his eyes.As he had yellow spots on his eyes we called him Spotty.He would have been a stray(流浪的) dog,until he came to me. I was seven years old.My dad had just got a new job in Nasik.We had moved into a rented house.It was raining very heavily on the day we moved. It was a cold dark night.We had our meal and went to sleep.Somehow in the midnight I heard some strange sounds outside the main door.I gathered courage and looked out through the window and I was really amused with what I saw outside. There was a small puppy lying on an old doormat which my mother had put outside the door.It was wet and trembling.At first it was difficult to see the little one.It was the yellow spots on its eyes that made me realize its presence. It was trying to get under the doormat to avoid the cold air outside and it had managed to get in as I could see only its head outside the doormat.Was it sick or injured? I felt pity for the poor soul.I went in and came out with an old towel.I went near the innocent one and held it in my hand and wiped the puppy till he had become dry.I took him into my room and made a bed for him with a woolen blanket and a small pillow.He seemed very healthy and comfortable in his new bed as he went to sleep immediately. The next morning,everyone in the family came to know about the unusual guest.“Shall we keep him with us?”I questioned my mom. Like any other parents would,my parents first totally refused my idea but my sister and I convinced them to keep Spotty. Slowly Spotty got on with everyone and became one of the family members. 注意:续写的词数应为 150 左右。 Days passed on and one evening when Spotty returned from his long walk,he appeared very exhausted. Almost a year later,one midnight we heard Spotty barking breathlessly. Unit 4 (2020 年 1 月浙江) 阅读下面短文,根据所给情节进行续写,使之构成一个完整的故事。 “I’m going to miss you so much,Poppy,” said the tall,thin teenager.He bent down to hug his old friend goodbye.He stood up,hugged his parents,and smiled,trying not to let his emotions(情绪)get the better of him. His parents were not quite able to keep theirs under control.They had driven their son several hours out of town to the university where he would soon be living and studying.It was time to say goodbye for now at least.The family hugged and smiled through misty eyes and then laughed. The boy lifted the last bag onto his shoulder,and flashed a bright smile.“I guess this is it,” he said.“I’ll see you back home in a month,okay?” His parents nodded,and they watched as he walked out of sight into the crowds of hundreds of students and parents.The boy’s mother turned to the dog,“Okay,Poppy,time to go back home.” The house seemed quiet as a tomb without the boy living there.All that week,Poppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner,her favorite toy,or even in her daily walk.Her owners were sad too,but they knew their son would be back to visit.Poppy didn’t. They offered the dog some of her favorite peanut butter treats.They even let her sit on the sofa,but the old girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self.Her owners started to get worried.“What should we do to cheer Poppy up?” asked Dad.“We’ve tried everything.” “I have an idea,but it might be a little crazy,” smiled Mom.“Without anybody left in the house but us,this place could use a bit of fun.Let’s get a little dog for Poppy.” It didn’t take long before they walked through the front door carrying a big box.Poppy welcomed them home as usual but when she saw the box,she stopped.She put her nose on it.Her tail began wagging(摆 动)ever so slowly,then faster as she caught the smell. 注意: 1.所续写短文的词数应为 150 左右; 2.至少使用 5 个短文中标有下划线的关键词语; 3.续写部分分为两段,每段的开头语已为你写好; 4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。 Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared. A few weeks later,the boy arrived home from university. 专题三　概要写作 考情透析谋对策 ●近三年的概要写作,我们要知道的 4 个方面 ◆文章体裁皆为议论文,语言难度适中,文章结构简明清晰; ◆文章都有 4 个段落,包含 4 个要点; ◆话题都是学生熟悉的。讨论探访报考大学的事项;讨论父母对孩子表扬的数量和质量问题等话题, 都曾涉及。 ◆体现了“无情境,不命题”的价值引领,强调“应用性和创新性”。 ●实现高分小目标,方向和方法都重要 ◆思路清晰比埋头苦干重要。概要写作考查对文章大意进行归纳概括,并用简洁的语言转述文章重 要信息的能力。考生首先要思路清晰,提炼文章结构,然后用自己的语言转述要点,不能使用原文的句 子。 ◆懂得取舍。“断舍离”的精髓就是舍掉不必要的,才能抓住更宝贵的。概要写作就是这样。确定文 章主要要点,删除次要内容。描述性的语言、细节和列举的示例等都要删除。由于有词数限制,这就 要求考生明确文章主旨,理清重点与次重点,果断取舍。 ◆任何的高分,都不是横空出世的奇迹,而是有迹可循的因果。概要写作看似是对文章结构的考查,实 际上,对考生的语言功底要求很高。由于要用自己的语言准确转述各段要点,考生为了避免和原文的 句子重复,就要用句子重构的方式来完成要点归纳。这对考生的词汇、短语、句式以及语法结构之 间进行准确转述表达的能力提出了很高的要求。概要写作要想取得高分,就要在日常学习中下功 夫。 题型指导寻技法 ●题型解读 概要写作是一种控制型写作,是对原文的基本内容进行浓缩并进行再加工的语言输出形式,是考生对 语言材料进行吸收、存储、内化整理和表达的过程,是一种基于理解的创新。概要写作既能训练学 生对语言的理解和重新加工的能力,又能提高学生的思维能力。 概要写作题会提供一篇 350 词以内的短文,要求考生基于该短文写出一篇 60 词左右的内容概要,以此 来考查学生准确获取关键词,对文章大意进行归纳概括,并用简洁的语言转述文章重要信息的能力。 考生要在正确理解短文的基础上,用简明、精练的语句高度浓缩文章的主要内容和观点,是对阅读理 解能力和书面表达能力的综合考查。 原文以说明文和议论文为主,偶有记叙文以及其他文体。原文结构比较明晰,通常包含 4 个左右的要 点。考生要客观准确归纳要点,不照搬原文句子,要点之间要恰当衔接,全文内容要连贯,过渡要自 然。 一、题型考查的能力 1.考生概括文章主旨大意和准确获取关键词的能力、对语篇的概括能力; 2.用简洁的语言表述文章重要信息的能力。词汇短语准确,句型表达精练; 3.对文章整体结构的把握能力。 二、概要写作的高考评分标准 1.对原文要点的理解和呈现情况; 2.应用语法结构和词汇的准确性; 3.上下文的连贯性; 4.对各要点表达的独立性情况; 5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个重要方面,评分时,应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑; 6.如书写差以致影响交际,可将分数降低一个档次。 ●评分标准 各档次给分范围和要求(总分 25 分) 评分档 次 第一条 第二条 第三条 第四条 第五档 (21—25 分) 理解准确,涵盖全部要 点 能准确使用相应的语法结构和 词汇 有效地使用了语句间的连接成 分,使所完成的概要作文结构紧 凑 完全使用自己 的语言 第四档 (16—20 分) 理解准确,涵盖绝大部 分要点 所使用语法结构和词汇可能有 些许错误,但完全不影响意义 表达 比较有效地使用了词语间的连 接成分,使所完成的概要作文结 构紧凑 有个别整句抄 自原文 第三档 (11—15 分) 理解较为准确,涵盖大 部分要点 所使用语法结构和词汇虽有些 错误,但不影响意义表达 应用简单的语句间连接成分,使 上下文内容连贯 出现两句以上 整句抄自原文 现象 第二档 (6—10 分) 理解有误差,但涵盖半 数要点 有些语法结构和词汇方面的错 误,影响了意义的表达 较少使用语句间的连接成分,全 文内容缺少连贯性 出现两句以上 整句抄自原文 现象 第一档 (1—5 分) 没有理解原文,造成概 要内容与原文主题不 符 有较多语法结构和词汇方面的 错误,严重影响了意义的表达 缺乏语句间的连接成分,全文内 容不连贯 多个句子抄自 原文 0 分 白卷,内容太少、所写内容与所给材料无关 ●案例剖析 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 A vegetarian diet is often praised for its health benefits.Studies have shown that vegetarians usually have lower levels of heart disease and a lower risk of diabetes than people who eat meat.What most people are less aware of,however,are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment. Researchers from the Union of Concerned Scientists in the US recently studied how consumer behavior affects the environment.The study showed that meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the environment,second only to the use of motor vehicle. Then,how can eating meat have a negative effect on the environment?For a start,all farm animals such as cows,pigs,and sheep give off methane (沼气) gas by expelling (排出) wind from their bodies.One cow can produce up to 60 liters of methane each day.Methane gas is the second most common greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide.Many environmental experts now believe that it is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide.It is estimated that 25% of all methane released into the atmosphere comes from farm animals. Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the use of water and land.2,500 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of beef,whereas 20 gallons of water are needed to produce one pound of wheat.One acre of farmland used for crop production can produce 40,000 pounds of potatoes,30,000 pounds of carrots,or 50,000 pounds of tomatoes. Many people now see the benefits of switching to a vegetarian diet,not just for health reasons,but also because it plays a vital role in protecting the environment.However,some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian,or vegan diet.They believe a vegan diet,which excludes all products from animal sources,such as cheese,eggs,and milk,can be short of many necessary vitamins and minerals our bodies need. 写作步骤与技巧 一、通读全文,掌握文章大意和语篇结构 速读原文,准确地把握文章大意,弄清文章整体结构框架和各层次之间的逻辑关系,正确表达作者的观 点。首先要找出文章主题句和段落主题句。有些文章的主题句在文章的开头或结尾。有些文章中 没有主题句,则要根据各段落、各层次的主题句或大意进行总结。在对文章大意有了清晰、准确认 识的基础上,我们需要决定文章中哪些部分与主题密切相关;哪些内容可以忽略、删除;然后进一步确 定文章的要点和次要点。 本文是一篇说明文,共有 5 段。文章大意是:素食因为有利于健康而流行。但是很少人会考虑素食与 环境的关系。肉食对环境有很大危害,素食相对环保。但营养学家并不建议人们做纯素食主义者。 二、加工处理文章, 提炼归纳要点 明确全文结构之后,就要对文章内容进行处理,确定主要要点,删除次要内容。文中描述性的语言、细 节和列举的示例都属于要删除的内容。剩余的主要部分要仔细研读,与主题相关的关键词句要重点 标注出来,这些词句就是最后归纳转述的要点。 分析文章和篇章结构可知,本文共 5 段,作者表达了 5 个要点。各段落大意是: 第 1 段:很少有人认识到素食除了有利于人们的身体健康还有利于环境保护; 第 2 段:研究发现,肉食消费是人们破坏环境的主要途径之一; 第 3 段:肉食对环境的消极影响原因之一是牲畜会排放大量沼气; 第 4 段:肉食对环境的消极影响原因之二是牲畜的畜养需要大量的水和土地; 第 5 段:尽管素食有很多好处,营养学家不建议人们做纯素食主义者。 三、逐段归纳,准确转述要点 删除了短文中的细节、例证等细枝末节后,每段的主要内容已经明确,然后要用自己的语言准确地转 述各段的要点。为避免和原文的句子重复,可使用同义转述的形式,也可以用句子重构的方式来完成 要点归纳。总之,通过词汇替换、词性改变、转换句式等各种形式,完全使用自己的语言进行转述表 达,确保在语言方面达到第五档。归纳时要分清主次,各要点的词数应根据文中对应的内容来定。 主旨 句 What most people are less aware of,however,are the effects that a vegetarian diet can have on the environment.(段末) 第 1 段 要点 变式 表达 ①Apart from contributing to good health,vegetarian diets are also good for the environment.(高度概括,改变 句式和表达形式,用 contribute to 概括上文语句意思) ②While widely acknowledged helpful to keep healthy,vegetarian diets are seldom associated with environmental protection.(改变句式;运用省略句;用 are seldom associated with 代替 are less aware of) ③Vegetarian diets are popular for promoting health,but people seldom consider it a helper to the environmental protection.(改变句式,改变表达形式;用替代词 promote health) 续　表 主 旨 句 The study showed that meat consumption is one of the main ways that humans can damage the environment,second only to the use of motor vehicle.(段末) 第 2 段 要 点 变 式 表 达 ①According to a study,consuming meat has a very negative influence on the environment.(改变句式,运用同 义词替换,改变 consume 词性,用 consuming meat 替换 meat consumption;用 have a negative influence on 替 换 damage) ②A recent study shows that eating meat is the second biggest threat to our environment.(删除细节,改变句式, 用 the second biggest 巧妙替换 second only to;用 threat 替换 damage) ③As is shown by a study,consuming meat is one of the main causes of environment disturbance.(用高级句式 定语从句 as is shown by a study 替换 the study showed;用 environment disturbance 代替 damage the environment) 主 旨 句 Many environmental experts now believe that it is more responsible for global warming than carbon dioxide.(段中) 第 3 段 要 点 变 式 表 达 ①The large amount of methane gas released by farm animals leads to global warming.(改变句式,运用过去分 词 released by 作定语修饰 gas;用 leads to 替换 is responsible for) ②Farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas,contributing greatly to global warming.(改变原文句 式;运用非谓语动词,语言简练;用 contribute to 替换 be responsible for) ③Animals raised for meat release methane into atmosphere,causing global warming.(运用过去分词短语 raised for meat 作定语;用动词-ing 形式短语 causing global warming 作状语,语言简练;用 cause 替换 be responsible for) 主 旨 句 Another way that meat production affects the environment is through the use of water and land.(段首) 第 4 段 要 点 变 式 ①Producing meat consumes much more water and land than crop production.(改变句式;删除细节;语言精 练。用非谓语动词 producing meat 替换 meat production;用 consume 替换 through the use of) ②Much more water and land is needed for meat production than for crop production.(改变句式;删除细节;语 言精练) 表 达 ③Raising animals requires far more water and land than planting crops.(改变句式;高度概括,删除细节,语言 精练) 续　表 主 旨 句 However,some nutritionists advise against switching to a totally strict vegetarian,or vegan diet.(段中) 第 5 段 要 点 变 式 表 达 ①Although changing to vegetarian diets is beneficial to the environment,some nutritionists argue against diets totally free of meat.(改变句式;高度概括,changing 替换 switching;用 diets totally free of meat 替换 a totally strict vegetarian,or vegan diet) ②Environment-friendly as the vegetarian diet is,some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of a lack of necessary nutrition.(改变表达形式,运用增分句式倒装句;用 are opposed to 替换介词 against) ③Though a vegetarian diet benefits the environment,some nutritionists object to being a complete vegetarian for better health.(改变句子表达方式;巧用衔接词 though 替代 however,complete 替换 totally;词性替换) 范文赏读 While widely used to keep healthy,vegetarian diets are seldom associated with environmental protection.(要点 1) However,a recent study shows eating meat is the second biggest threat to our environment.(要点 2)For one thing,farm animals give off large amounts of methane gas,contributing greatly to global warming.(要点 3)For another,meat production consumes much more water and land than crop production.(要点 4)Environment-friendly as vegetarian diets are,some nutritionists are opposed to being a complete vegetarian for fear of lacking necessary nutrition.(要点 5) 范文点评: 该文准确地定位段首的主题句并加以概括,总领全文。首先讲述素食与环境的密切关系,接着用 for one thing,for another 清晰地阐述了素食对环境有好处的两个主要原因,最后巧用让步状语从句的倒装 句式,引出营养学家带有转折的一个观点,素食虽能保护环境,但全素食会影响健康。全文内容紧凑连 贯,衔接自然,一目了然。 词汇和语法结构使用准确,运用了丰富的表达方式,大量地使用同义词的替换,如用 are seldom associated with 来代替 be less aware of the effects,the second biggest threat to 代替 second only to,contribute to 代替 be responsible for,consume 代替 need,a complete vegetarian 代替 a totally strict vegetarian,be opposed to 代替 advise against 等。同时,文中也不乏高级句型,如省略句 While widely used to keep healthy,非谓语 contributing greatly to 作状语,让步状语从句的倒装句式 Environment- friendly as vegetarian diets are,以及短语 are seldom associated with,contributing greatly to,are opposed to,for fear of lacking 等。 有效地运用了连接成分,如:however;for one thing,for another 等,使全文意思连贯,结构紧凑。准确地还 原了原文的内容,语言丰富,衔接合理,属于第五档作文,参考得分 24 分。 素材积累提档次 ●句子提升微技能 一、同义转换微技能 概要写作的语言表达要灵活,不能简单地照搬原句,而是要用自己的话进行转换。这就要求考生要有 丰富的语言功底,尽可能多地掌握能够进行语言转换的词汇、短语或者句式来丰富自己的表达。多 数的可转换的词汇之间有一些细微的差别,它们的侧重点不一样,在实际运用中,还要根据不同的语境 选择最恰当的词。 (一)词汇的转换 1.常用名词的转换 方法 way,method,approach,means 困难 difficulty,challenge,barrier 问题 problem,question,trouble,issue 事情 thing,matter,affair,business 机会 chance,opportunity,occasion 目标 goal,target,aim 责任 duty,responsibility 发展 development,progress,advance 职业 job,career,employment,profession 优势 advantage,merit,virtue,benefit,strength,strong point 劣势 disadvantage,shortcoming,weakness,drawback,downside,limitation,weak point 2.重点动词(短语)的转换 认为 think,consider,insist 知道 know,realize,be aware of,learn about 相信 believe (in),have faith in,trust,be convinced of 使用 use,apply,employ 完成 finish,achieve,accomplish,complete 获得 gain,get,acquire,attain,obtain 提供 offer,provide,supply,afford 鼓励 encourage,motivate,stimulate,inspire 发生 happen,occur,take place,come about 同意 agree,approve,consent 要求 request,demand,require,claim 影响 influence,impact,affect 表明 show,suggest,imply,indicate,demonstrate 导致 lead to,bring about,result in,give rise to,contribute to 3.描绘性形容词的转换 好的 good,excellent,outstanding,favorable 坏的 bad,awful,terrible,negative,harmful 大的 big,massive,huge,enormous,giant,vast 小的 small,tiny 富的 rich,wealthy,well-off 穷的 poor,needy 有益的 helpful,beneficial,rewarding,advantageous 有害的 harmful,damaging,destructive 勇敢的 brave,bold,courageous,fearless,daring 害怕的 afraid,frightened,scared,fearful 严重的 serious,severe 困难的 difficult,tough,challenging 悲伤的 sad,depressed,sorrowful,heartbroken 高兴的 happy,delightful,glad,joyful,merry,cheerful 重要的 important,essential,significant,vital,crucial,critical 漂亮的 beautiful,charming,attractive,fascinating,pretty,eye-catching 4.高频副词的转换 经常 often,regularly,frequently 很少 rarely,seldom,hardly ever 起先 firstly,originally,initially,to begin with 然后 then,subsequently,afterwards,thereafter 最后 lastly,ultimately,eventually,finally 立刻 immediately,shortly,right now,right away 偶尔 occasionally,at times,now and then 也 also,too,as well,likewise,either 因为 because,as,due to,since,in that 非常 very,exceedingly,extremely,highly 目前 now,at present,nowadays,recently 忽然 suddenly,all of a sudden,all at once 当然 certainly,definitely,undoubtedly 但是 however,nevertheless,while,yet 大约 approximately,about,around,roughly,almost 平稳地 steadily,smoothly 只有,仅仅 only,just,merely,barely 实际上 actually,as a matter of fact,indeed,in fact,truly 完全地 totally,completely,absolutely,entirely,fully 因此 so,therefore,thus,consequently,as a result,in consequence 5.介词(短语)和独立成分等的转换 关于 about,concerning,involving,regarding 提前 ahead of time,ahead of schedule,in advance 例如 for instance,for example,to name only a few,such as 随着时间的推移 as time goes on/by,with time going on/by 随着……的到来 with the coming/approaching/arrival of... 在某种程度上 to some extent,to some degree,in a sense,in a way (二)词性的转换 在概要写作中,学生若是不能完全用自己的语言转换表达,可以通过词性转换法来改变原句中一些词 的词性以避免照搬原文。例如: 1.The workers have produce at a very high rate.(名词与动词的转换) The workers have sped up production. 2.We found it difficult to solve this complicated problem.(名词与形容词的转换) We found difficulty in solving this complicated problem. 3.School buses are safe for the environment.(名词与副词的转换) School buses are environmentally safe. 4.The white and the black should be equally treated.(形容词与副词的转换;名词与动词的转换) The white and the black should receive equal treatment. 5.What he had said left a deep impression on me.(名词与动词的转换;形容词与副词的转换) His words deeply impressed me. 6.It is absolutely necessary to think independently in study.(形容词与副词的转换;形容词与名词的转 换) Independent thinking is an absolute necessity in study. (三)句式的转换 在概要写作中,恰当运用一些简单的常用句式,来改变原文的句式,可以彰显考生的综合语言运用能 力,提高文章的档次。例如: 1.时态的转换 (1)The bus is coming now.(现在进行时) Here comes the bus.(一般现在时) (2)He joined the army two years ago.(一般过去时) He has been a soldier for two years.(现在完成时) 2.语态的转换 (1)Parents should give children more praise.(主动语态) Children should be given more praise.(被动语态) (2)We are going to discuss this problem in our class meeting.(主动语态) This problem is going to be discussed in our class meeting.(被动语态) 3.非谓语动词代替句子 (1)It is difficult and I can’t finish it. I find it difficult to finish it.(动词不定式) (2)They know the plan and it will be carried out next week. They know the plan to be carried out next week.(动词不定式的被动语态) (3)When you arrive,you can send me a message. On arriving,you can send me a message.(动词-ing 形式作宾语) (4)The teacher walked out of the lab and the children followed her. Followed by the children,the teacher walked out of the lab.(动词-ed 形式作状语) (5)The book is very interesting and it has been published recently. The book published recently is very interesting.(动词-ed 形式作定语) 4.复合句来代替简单句 (1)Simon is our teacher.He will leave for Japan next week. Simon,who is our teacher,will leave for Japan next week. (2)Pamela is spoken highly of.Her composition was well written. Pamela whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (3)I won’t believe what she says. No matter what she says,I won’t believe. (4)It was a cold day.There was nobody on the street. It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street. (5)To our surprise,the little boy knows so many things. What surprises us is that the little boy knows so many things. (6)He didn’t turn up and we felt disappointed. The fact that he didn’t turn up made us feel disappointed. 5.使用虚拟语气 (1)He suggested eating out for a change this weekend. He suggested that we (should) eat out for a change this weekend. (2)We didn’t have a pleasant journey because of the rain. But for the rain,we would have had a pleasant journey. 6.使用特殊句式 (1)Though I am weak,I’ll spare no effort. Weak as I am,I’ll spare no effort. (2)I can help the old lady only in this way. Only in this way can I help the old lady. (3)The first step matters. It is the first step that matters. (4)I didn’t realize how much time I had wasted until I began to work. It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. (四)肯定与双重否定的转换 当我们用英语表达某种含义时,为了让语气表达更加恳切,经常使用双重否定表达肯定的意思。有时 候用否定的反意疑问句来表达鼓励的意思,例如:Why don’t you come early tomorrow morning?明天 早上你为什么不早些来呢?虽然有否定的 don’t,但实则是赞成“早些来”。在概要写作中,这种不从正 面着手,而从反面或侧面进行阐述的表达形式,会使语言表达更加灵活。例如: 1.I totally agree. I couldn’t agree more. 2.I am eager to read the book. I cannot wait to read the book. 3.Swimming is the best way to exercise. There is nothing like swimming as a means of exercise. 4.True friendship must be equal. True friendship cannot be without equality. 5.This problem can be solved by us. This problem is not above us. 6.Health is the most valuable thing. Nothing is more valuable than health. 二、巧妙使用衔接词 要想清晰地概括出文章中的逻辑关系,就要恰当巧妙地使用衔接词,这些衔接词会为你得高分助一臂 之力。 (一)表示并列或递进的 14 种高分衔接 单词:additionally;furthermore;besides;moreover 短语:in addition to;as well as;along with;worse still;apart from 结构:what’s worse;to make matters worse;what’s more;both...and...;not only...but also... (二)表示因果的 30 种高分衔接 表示原因的连词: because;as;for;since 表示原因的短语和结构:because of;due to;owing to;thanks to;in that;now that;as a result of;the cause of;for fear that;the reason for;seeing that;one reason is that... 表示结果的副词:therefore;thus;consequently;hence;accordingly 表示结果的短语和结构:result in;the effect of;the consequence of;causing+n.;leading to+n.;resulting in+n. 注意:以下是动词短语 contribute to;have an effect on;owe sth to (三)表示转折的 25 种高分衔接 单词:but;however;nevertheless;yet;although;otherwise;instead;despite 短语:on the contrary;differ from;different from;even so;even though;in spite of;by contrast;in contrast 结构:no matter who (what/when/where);in spite of the fact that... 隐含转折或否定意义的词:unlike;actually;unfortunately;unexpectedly;as a matter of fact;in fact;in deed (四)表示对比的 10 种高分衔接 单词:while;whereas;similarly;alike;resemble;meanwhile 短语和结构:equally important;at the same time;on the one hand...on the other hand...;for one thing...for another... (五)表示顺序、程度等的 43 种高分衔接 首先:first;first of all;at first;in the first place;primarily;initially 肯 定:certainly;definitely;undoubtedly;obviously;apparently;inevitably;essentially;interestingly;surely;certainl y 程度:totally;entirely;considerably;relatively 最近情况:recently;in recent years;these years;presently;lately;currently 总结:on the whole;in conclusion;in a word;to sum up;in short;in belief;to conclude;in general;generally speaking;significantly;above all;in any case;anyway;above all;in fact;especially;most importantly ●篇章提升微技能 一、高度概括 概要写作评分标准第五档要求,“理解准确,涵盖全部要点”。用有限的字数涵盖全部要点就需要高度 概括。高度概括除了把事物的共同点归纳总结外,还要简明扼要。部分学生概要写作得分低,主要原 因是不会概括。他们只是照抄了原文中的个别句子,或者句子的一部分,不能用自己的话凝练表达。 要学会概括,首先要学会寻找主题句。 寻找主题句时,要注意以下小技巧:①转折词语后面的部分,有可能是主题句;②段首出现疑问时,回答 部分可能是主题句;③作者有意识重复强调的观点,往往是主旨;反复出现的词语,往往是体现主旨的 关键词;④表示总结或者结论的句子常包含 therefore,in short;conclude;thus 等。 下面我们从段落开始,通过具体案例,来学习、感悟、掌握寻找主题句并进行概括。 1.如何寻找主题句? 案例 1 ①According to most people,after a long period of studying or working,we need to have a rest to refresh ourselves.②However,that may not be the case.③According to a recent report,you don’t need the break as much as you may think. 详细解析:转折词语后面的部分,有可能是主题句。本段第一句话阐述了一种观点:大多数人认为,经 过长时间的学习或工作后,我们需要休息来恢复精神。第二句,However 之后,引出本段主题:事实可能 并非如此。第三句是对上述表述的阐释:根据最近的一份报告,你并不像你想象的那样需要休息。因 此,需要将前两句进行整合。 自我概括: 参考表达:Having a rest to refresh yourself is not so essential as many people think. 简要解析:将“经过长时间的学习或工作后,我们需要休息来恢复精神”这种现象用“Having a rest to refresh yourself”来概括,用“not so essential as...”替换“may not be the case”,用自己的语言进行概括,高 度提炼段落大意。 案例 2 ①Additionally,if we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning,without doubt we can build our bodies and become much healthier.②That is why many people get up early to do physical exercise year after year. 详细解析:根据语言特点来判断哪个是主题句,哪些不是。一般来说,主题句前具有明确表明观点的 词,其他句子都是支撑句。本段中,第一句话表示如果我们进行一些晨练是可以锻炼我们的身体的,此 处用 without doubt“毫无疑问”,引出了主题句,表明了作者反复强调的观点。第二句话表示这就是为 什么许多人年复一年早起锻炼身体,进一步阐释了作者的观点。 自我概括: 参考表达:What’s more,people sticking to morning exercise will be increasingly healthy. 简要解析:用“What’s more”替换“Additionally”,将“we get up early and do some morning exercise or only take a short walk in the morning”及“many people get up early to do physical exercise year after year” 高度概括为“people sticking to morning exercise”,用“will be increasingly healthy”替换“we can build our bodies and become much healthier”,简洁明了。 2.主题句在段首 案例 1 ①More than three billion people are at risk from indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use.②Most live in Africa,India and China.③They use wood,crop waste,animal waste or coal.④ These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available.⑤But they are also a major cause of health problems and death. 详细解析:段落中第一句话表示超过 30 亿人因为使用的燃料而处于室内空气污染的危险之中。第二 句话具体阐述的是这些人来自哪些国家。第三句话具体阐述他们使用的是什么燃料。第四句话阐 述了他们使用的原因——廉价。第五句话表明虽然廉价,但是会带来健康问题甚至死亡。因此判断 第一句为主题句,后面的为支撑句。 自我概括: 参考表达:Many people are suffering from the indoor air pollution caused by cheap fuels. 简要解析:用“Many people”概括“More than three billion people”,用“are suffering from”替换“are at risk from”,用“air pollution caused by cheap fuels”概括“indoor air pollution because of the heating or cooking fuels they use”和“These solid fuels may be the least costly fuels available.”,用高度概括与替换的手法进 行整合概括。 案例 2 ①The findings can help people who are battling against temptation.②Willpower isn’t driven by a biology-based process as much as we used to think.③The belief in it is what influences your behaviors. 详细解析:段落中第一句话表示这些发现可以帮助人们抵制诱惑。第二、三句话具体阐述了意志力 并不像我们过去认为的那样是由基于生物学的过程驱动的,对它的信仰影响了你的行为。后面两句 话都是围绕第一句进行的,因此主题句在段首。 自我概括: 参考表达:The findings are a potential help to resist temptation. 简要解析:用“a potential help”替换“can help”,用“resist”替换短语“battle against”,因此概要句子成 为:The findings are a potential help to resist temptation. 3.主题句在段末 案例 1 ①In 2002,an Australian man went to his friend’s 21st birthday party.②He got drunk,fell off some steps and cut his lip.③He took a picture of his injuries and shared it with his friends online.④“And sorry about the focus,” he wrote,“it was a selfie (自拍).” ⑤That was the first recorded use of the word “selfie”,according to some experts at Oxford Dictionaries. 详细解析:本段介绍“自拍”的起源。段落第一句话表示一位澳大利亚男子参加朋友的生日聚会。第 二句话表示他喝得酩酊大醉,磕破了嘴唇。第三句话表示他拍了张负伤的照片,传到了网络上与朋友 分享。第四句话表示他说这是张“自拍”。第五句话表示这是“自拍”一词最早出现的记录。前面几句 是叙述“自拍”一词出现的具体事例,引出总结性主题句,主题句在段末。 自我概括: 参考表达:The word “selfie” was first used by an Australian man in 2002. 简要解析:用“The word ‘selfie’ was first used...”被动句来表达主题句,高度概括,省去具体描述事件 的词语。 案例 2 ① “Stop the world;I want to get off!” ②This popular expression refers to a feeling of panic,or stress,that makes people want to stop whatever they are doing,try to relax,and become calm again.③Stress is one of the most common causes of health problems in modern life.④Too much stress results in physical,emotional,and mental health problems. 详细解析:本段讲述的是心理压力导致健康问题。段落第一、二句话阐释了一种表达自己恐慌和压 力的流行语。第三句话表明压力是现代生活中最常见的健康问题的原因之一。第四句话明确表明: 过多的压力会导致身体、情绪和心理健康问题,点明主题。主题句在段末。 自我概括: 参考表达:Nowadays,the stress people suffer contributes to many health problems. 简要解析:用“the stress people suffer”替换“Too much stress”,“contributes to”替换“results in”,将 “physical,emotional,and mental health problems”概括为“many health problems”,高度提炼段落大意。 4.主题句在段中 案例 1 ①Until the 1960s,most Finnish students left school after six years.②In the middle of the 1960s,the Finnish government saw the need to change and modernize their educational system if they wanted to be internationally competitive.③Lawmakers made a simple decision:a basic school for all the 7-to 16-year- olds.④Compulsory (义务的) education begins at 7.⑤The government makes it possible for all children to attend preschool as well. 详细解析:段落第一句话阐述的是一种现象:大多数芬兰学生入学六年后就会辍学。第二句话表明芬 兰政府意识到了改变这种现象的重要性及重要措施。第三句话讲述的是芬兰政府的决定:为所有 7 到 16 岁的孩子建立一所基础学校。段落中体现重要决策的,往往为主题句。因此,此处为主题句。第 四句话表示义务教育开始的年龄。第五句话表示政府尽可能让所有的孩子都能上学前班。都是对 第三句进行的补充。 自我概括: 参考表达:The Finnish government made laws to ensure the compulsory education. 简要解析:用“The Finnish government”替换“Lawmakers”,用“made laws”替换“made a simple decision”, 将芬兰政府具体的政策高度概括为“the compulsory education”,简洁明了。 案例 2 ①Let us remember getting up early is a good habit.②If you are a late riser,you may find it difficult to form the habit of getting up early.③You will have to make efforts to do so.④If you want to get up early,sleeping earlier the night before is expected to be successful.⑤Besides,you can set your alarm clock or ask someone whom you know will be awake at that time to call you.⑥If you stick to getting up early every day,you will certainly benefit a lot from it. 详细解析:本段讲述的是如何做到早起。第一句话表示早起是一个好习惯。第二、三句话表示如果 你是一个晚起的人,可能很难养成早起的习惯。前三句表明:早起的习惯很难养成。从而引出主题句: 早起的策略。第四、五句话表示如果你想早起,你可以前一天晚上早睡。此外,还可以设置闹钟,或让 别人打电话叫醒你。第六句话表示如果你坚持每天早起,你一定会受益很多,是对主题句的进一步阐 释。因此,需要将第四、五句话进行概括。 自我概括: 参考表达:If you want to get up early,sleeping earlier and setting a clock or turning to others for help are suggested. 简要解析:用“sleeping earlier”“setting a clock”及“turning to others for help”简明地概括了要做到早起的 三种策略,使用“are suggested”地道表达,提出建议。 5.提炼主题句 案例 1 In recent years,the act of taking a picture of oneself with a mobile phone,placing the subject center- stage,has won great popularity with everyone from Britain’s Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ to U.S.President joining in. 详细解析:整段就是一个长句。近年来,用手机自拍照片,在屏幕中间设置主题相片,这种行为越来越 流行,甚至英国女王伊丽莎白二世及美国总统也加入了这一行列。概括时只需要用简洁的语言来表 达。 自我概括: 参考表达:Today,more and more people are crazy about taking selfies,including some famous people. 简要解析:使用“Today”代替短语“In recent years”,用短语“take selfies”概括从句“the act of taking a picture of oneself with a mobile phone,placing the subject center-stage”,将“everyone from Britain’s Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ to U.S.President”高度概括为“some famous people”,使用词组代替整句或从句更简 洁。 案例 2 ①Most of Finland’s schools get their money from the government.②The people who are in charge of the educational system,from teachers to officials,are trained teachers,not politicians like in other countries. 详细解析:本段讲述的是芬兰教育系统的运作模式。第一句表示芬兰大多数学校的资金都来自政 府。第二句表示专业人员负责教育系统的运作。两句是并列的。因此,概括时两句要融合。 自我概括: 参考表达:The government finances the schools,and professionals manage the system. 简要解析:用“finances”概括“get their money from”,将“The people who are in charge of the educational system,from teachers to officials,are trained teachers”高度概括为“professionals”,用“manage”替换“in charge of”,简洁明了。 二、删除细节 在概要写作中,我们首先要学会辨别哪些是概括性语言,哪些是细节性语言。能恰当地删除细节、删 除具体例子更容易把握主旨大意。那么,细节主要包括哪些方面呢?通常情况下,具体的描述性语言、 事例、数据、论据、重复强调的观点,往往都是细节。在概括主旨时,往往都要考虑删除。 下面,我们通过具体案例来感悟、掌握如何删除细节。 1.删除描绘性语言 案例 1 ①Scientists have long assumed that willpower is a limited resource,which is why you feel the need to have a rest,have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better.②They argue that the only way your body restores willpower is by rest,food or entertainment. 详细解析:本段第一句表示长期以来,科学家们一直认为意志力是一种有限的资源,这就是为什么你觉 得有必要休息一下,吃点东西,然后当你感觉好些时再继续工作。第二句表示身体恢复意志力的唯一 方式是休息、进食或者娱乐。本段主旨需要删除细节,并将两句话进行概括。 自我概括: 参考表达:Willpower,assumed to be a limited resource,is thought to be regained by rest,food,as well as entertainment. 简要解析:第一句删除描述性的语言“which is why you feel the need to have a rest,have a snack and then get back to task when you are feeling better”,用 willpower 作主语,删除重复的内容,运用同位语及被动 语态的手法,有效地将两个句子连接起来,使得其逻辑意思更为连贯与简洁。 案例 2 ①The researchers designed four experiments to test students’ belief in willpower.②After a tiring task,those who believed,or were led to believe that willpower is a limited resource,performed worse on standard concentration tests than those who thought of willpower as something they had more control over. ③They also found that during the final exam week,students who believed in the limited resource theory ate junk food 24 percent more often than those who believed they had more control over willpower.④ Mr.Job said,“The theory that willpower is a limited resource is interesting.Belief in willpower as a non- limited resource makes people stronger in their ability to work through challenges.” 详细解析:段落第一句表示研究人员设计了四个实验来测试学生对意志力的信念。第二、三句话对 实验结果进行了具体描述。第四句话表示相信意志力是一种无限的资源,这让人们更有能力应对挑 战。前三句话是对实验的描述,最后一句是结论,是主题句。 自我概括: 参考表达:Researchers discovered that if you believe willpower is limitless,you will be more powerful. 简要解析:提炼重要信息,删除文中第二、三句话对实验结果进行的具体描述,用 if 引导的条件状语从 句对文章最后的结论进行高度概括与压缩,简洁明了。 2.删除事例与数据等 案例 1 ①Aprovecho has now partnered with a stove manufacturer in China.②The company is making Aprovecho’s first mass-produced stoves.③They are said to use 40%-50% less wood than an open fire,and produce 50%-70% less smoke.④A company called StoveTec is selling them through its website for less than ten dollars.⑤Dean Still says that more than one hundred thousand have been sold so far. 详细解析:段落中第一句话表示 Aprovecho 现在与中国的一家炉具制造商合作。第二句话表示该公 司正在制造 Aprovecho 首批量产的炉具。第三句话表示它们比明火少用 40%-50%的木材,少产生 50%-70%的烟雾。第四句话表示一家名为 StoveTec 的公司在其网站上以不到 10 美元的价格出售这 些产品。第五句话表示到目前为止其销量已经超过 10 万。后面几句是具体的数字与例子的描写,因 此,主题句在段首。 自我概括: 参考表达:Now Aprovecho has achieved the goal and the new stoves made by its Chinese partner are said to be selling pretty well. 简要解析:用“has achieved the goal”高度概括“Aprovecho has now partnered with a stove manufacturer in China.The company is making Aprovecho’s first mass-produced stoves.”;用“selling pretty well”高度概 括数量表达“more than one hundred thousand have been sold so far”,删除具体数字“They are said to use 40%-50% less wood than an open fire,and produce 50%-70% less smoke.”;删除具体例子“A company called StoveTec is selling them through its website for less than ten dollars.”,把握主旨大意。 案例 2 ①The most important aspect of speaking is having good self-esteem.②Self-esteem is how you feel about yourself.③When most Chinese people are asked how their English is,or they are told their English is very good,they immediately respond by saying,“Oh,my English is very poor.” ④If you say this to yourself often enough,you will believe it.⑤When someone compliments (称赞) you,just say “thank you”. 详细解析:段落第一句表示演讲最重要的一点是要有良好的自尊心。第二句表示自尊是你对自己的 感觉。第三句表示当大多数中国人被问及他们的英语如何,或者被告知他们的英语很好时,他们立即 回答说,“哦,我的英语很差。”第四句表示如果你经常这样对自己说,你就会相信它。第五句表示当有 人赞美你时,你只要说“谢谢”就可以。主题句是第一句,后面几句话是对前面观点的具体阐述。 自我概括: 参考表达:Having good self-esteem is of vital importance in speaking English. 简要解析:删除第二句话对 self-esteem 具体的描述,删除第三、四、五句讲述的具体事例,然后对第一 句话进行概括,变 important 为 importance,进行词性替换,修饰词也相应的变换,运用了高档句型 sth be of vital importance 进行同义转述。 案例 3 When cold weather comes,many birds move to warmer places to find food.Some fishes give birth in warm water and move to cold water to feed.The most famous migration is probably the migration of fish,which is called “salmon” (鲑鱼).This fish is born in fresh water but it travels many miles to salt water.There it spends its life.When it is old,it returns to its birthplace in fresh water.Then it gives birth and dies.In northern Europe,there is a kind of mouse.They leave their mountain homes when they become too crowded.They move down to the low land.Sometimes they move all the way to the seaside,and many of them are killed when they fall into the sea. Recently,scientists have studied the migration of a kind of lobster (龙虾).Every year,when the season of the bad weather arrives,the lobsters get into a long line and start to walk across the floor of the ocean.Nobody knows why they do this,and nobody knows where they go.So,sometimes we know why humans and animals move from one place to another place,but at other times we don’t.Maybe living things just like to travel. 详细解析:第一段表示当寒冷的天气来临时,许多鸟类会迁移到温暖的地方寻找食物。有些鱼在温暖 的水中生产,然后转移到冷水中喂养。最著名的迁移可能是鲑鱼的迁移。这种鱼出生在淡水里,但它 会游很远到咸水里。它在那里度过一生。当它老了,它会回到它出生的淡水中,然后产卵并死亡。在 北欧,有一种老鼠。当它们变得太拥挤时,就会离开它们在山里的家。它们向低处移动。有时它们会 一路迁移到海边,很多在掉入海中时被杀死。 第二段表示科学家们研究了一种龙虾的迁徙。每年,当坏天气来临的时候,龙虾就排起长队,开始在海 底行走。没有人知道它们为什么这样做,也没有人知道它们要去哪里。所以,有时我们知道为什么人 类和动物从一个地方搬到另一个地方,但有时我们不知道。也许生物只是喜欢旅行。 自我概括: 参考表达:Fishes and birds migrate to feed,while some animals,such as a kind of mouse in northern Europe,move for more spaces to live in.Besides,a kind of lobster would line up to move to other places when the weather is bad,but nobody can explain it. 简要解析:第一段中将第一、二句进行高度概括,提炼重要信息;删除具体的例子“salmon”(鲑鱼)。删 除对老鼠迁移的具体描述,将其迁徙的目的概括为“move for more spaces to live in”。第二段删除对龙 虾迁徙的具体描述,最后用 besides 将两段连接起来,意思更为连贯与简洁。 真题演练明趋势 Unit 1 (2019 年 6 月浙江) 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 Parents everywhere praise their kids.Jenn Berman,author of The A to Z Guide to Raising Happy and Confident Kids,says,“We’ve gone to the opposite extreme of a few decades ago when parents tended to be more strict.” By giving kids a lot of praise,parents think they’re building their children’s confidence,when,in fact,it may be just the opposite.Too much praise can backfire and,when given in a way that’s insincere,make kids afraid to try new things or take a risk for fear of not being able to stay on top where their parents’ praise has put them. Still,don’t go too far in the other direction.Not giving enough praise can be just as damaging as giving too much.Kids will feel like they’re not good enough or that you don’t care and,as a result,may see no point in trying hard for their accomplishments. So what is the right amount of praise?Experts say that the quality of praise is more important than the quantity.If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome,you can give it as often as your child does something that deserves a verbal reward.“We should especially recognize our children’s efforts to push themselves and work hard to achieve a goal,”says Donahue,author of Parenting without Fear:Letting Go of Worry and Focusing on What Really Matters.“One thing to remember is that it’s the process not the end product that matters.” Your son may not be the best basketball player on his team.But if he’s out there every day and playing hard,you should praise his effort regardless of whether his team wins or loses.Praising the effort and not the outcome can also mean recognizing your child when she has worked hard to clean the yard,cook dinner,or finish a book report.But whatever it is,praise should be given on a case-by-case basis and be proportionate(相称的) to the amount of effort your child has put into it. Unit 2 (2018 年 11 月浙江) 阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇 60 词左右的内容概要。 It’s a really good idea to visit colleges before you apply because their websites can all start to look and sound the same.Nothing will give you the sense of what it will actually be like to live on a college campus (校园) like visiting and seeing for yourself the dorms,classrooms and athletic equipment and,of course,the students.It seems a little crazy once senior year hits to find the time to visit college campuses,and it can also be pricey if the schools you are applying to happen to be more than a car ride away.But keep in mind that you are making a decision about the next four years of your life,and do all the research you can to make sure you are making the right one. There’s no excuse not to visit the schools in your local area.In fact,a lot of college applications even ask if you have visited campus,and obviously,if you live across the country that won’t be as much of a possibility,but if you live nearby,go check it out! If campus visits aren’t going to happen before you apply,at the very least you should find some time between applying and getting your acceptance letters to visit the schools you’d like to attend.It can save you a lot of heartache if you rule out now the things that you don’t like about certain campuses,things that you wouldn’t know unless you actually visit. Now,if time and money are making it impossible,then check out the online college fairs at CollegeWeekLive.It’s a chance to chat online with admissions officers,students,and college counselors (顾问),and it won’t cost you a penny! You can register for its online college fair at collegeweeklive.com.While visiting an online college fair can’t take the place of an actual campus visit,it can be a very useful tool that along with all your other research will help you make an informed decision about which colleges or universities you’d like to attend. 第一层级　抓牢“词法”——固基础 考点 1　名词和冠词 探考点寻规律 ◇名词◇ 考点清单 1.名词复数的规则变化 ★一般在词尾加-s:miles,bridges,horses ★以 s,x,sh,ch 结尾加-es:glasses,brushes,watches,foxes ★以 o 结尾的: (1)加-s:pianos,photos,radios,zoos (2)加-es:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,volcanoes ★以“辅音字母加 y”结尾,把 y 改为 i,再加-es:factories,countries,abilities;以“元音字母加 y”结尾的直接 加-s:monkeys,toys ★以 f,fe 结尾,把 f,fe 变为 v 再加-es:wolves,wives;个别直接加-s:beliefs,roofs,proofs 2.名词复数的不规则变化 ★变内部元音字母:men,women,teeth,feet ★词尾加-en 或-ren:oxen,children ★单复数形式相同:deer,fish,sheep,means,Chinese,Japanese ★复数变化较特殊的名词:bacterium→bacteria 细菌,medium→media 媒体,datum→data 资 料,phenomenon→phenomena 现象 ★复合名词把中心词变为复数:lookers-on 旁观者,passers-by 过路人,editors-in-chief 主编 ★由 man 或 woman 构成的复合名词,man 或 woman 与其他名词都要变复数:two men doctors,three women teachers 提示:German(德国人)的复数为 Germans 3.常用作不可数的名词 advice 建议,baggage 行李,equipment 仪器,fun 乐趣,furniture 家具,information 信息,knowledge 知 识,luggage 行李,news 新闻,progress 进步,strength 力量,water 水,wealth 财富,weather 天气,work 工作 4.可转化为可数名词的物质名词 a wind 一阵风,a rain 一场雨,a cloth 一块布,a snow 一场雪,a tea 一杯茶,a beer 一杯啤酒,a coffee 一杯咖 啡,a glass 一个玻璃杯,a paper 一份论文/试卷/报纸 5.常用作复数的物质名词 brains 智力,belongings 所有物,congratulations 贺词,customs 海关,goods 货物,savings 储蓄,scissors 剪 刀,surroundings 环境,waters 大片水域,woods 树林 6.可转化为可数名词的抽象名词 beauty 美人/美丽的事物,comfort 令人感到安慰的人/事,danger 令人感到危险的人/事,death 死者/死亡 人数,envy 令人羡慕的人/事,failure 失败的人/事,honour 令人感到光荣的人/事,pleasure 令人高兴的人/ 事,shock 令人感到震惊的人/事,success 成功的人/事,surprise 令人感到吃惊的人/事 7.名词所有格 ★名词词尾加-’s:the doctor’s degree ★以“s”结尾的复数名词后只加’:teachers’ office ★不以“s”结尾的名词复数后加-’s:the Children’s Palace ★and 连接两个名词,表示两个名词共有某物时,只在后一个名词后加-’s;表示两个名词分别拥有时, 名词后都要加-’s。 Li Ming and Wei Fang’s desk Li Ming’s (father) and Wei Fang’s father ★表时间、国家、城市等无生命的名词也可在词尾加-’s 构成所有格:today’s newspaper,China’s culture 8.名词作定语 ★多数名词作定语用单数:shoe factory 鞋厂,season ticket 季票,baby clothes 婴儿服 ★少数名词作定语用复数:a clothes shop 服装店,a sports meet 运动会 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.The tourist center is far away from here indeed.It’s two 　　　　　　(hour) walk. 2.At the conference they discussed three different 　　　　　　(approach) to dealing with COVID-19. 3.I haven’t seen Mary since she was a little girl,and she has changed beyond 　　　　　　 (recognize). 4.We’ve missed the last bus.I’m afraid we have no 　　　　　 (choose) but to take a Didi Taxi. 5.Always read the 　　　　　　(instruction) carefully before using the imported scanner. 6.You’ll find this guidebook is of 　　　　　　(valuable) in helping the visitors to get around the Palace Museum. 7.The head office of Huawei is in Shenzhen,but it has 　　　　　　(branch) all over the world. 8.According to the latest law,personal 　　　　　　(possess) of guns is now allowed in this island country. 9.The new-built mall has provided seats for the 　　　　　　(convenient) of its customers. 10.I’m not surprised that your cousin has become a writer.Even as a child he had a rich 　　　　　　 (imagine). ◇冠词◇ 考点清单 1.不定冠词 a/an 的用法 ★a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,an 用在以元音音素开头的单词前:an honest man,a university ★泛指“某一个人或事物”:an English lecture,a professor ★表示“类别”,指一类人或物 ★表示“一”的概念,但比 one 弱 ★表示频度,“每,每一”,相当于 per,each,every ★表示“某一个人或物”,相当于 some 或 a certain:a Mr.Green 一个叫格林的先生 ★用于固定短语中:as a rule 通常、一般来说,in a way 在某种程度上,in a hurry 急匆匆地,in a moment 立刻 2.定冠词 the 的用法 ★用于特指或双方都知道的或上文提到的人或物 ★用于单数可数名词前表示一类人或物 ★用于表示独一无二的事物的名词前 ★用于形容词或副词的最高级前,或用于序数词前表示顺序 ★用于乐器名词前、姓氏的复数前(表示全家人或夫妇)、表示年代的名词前:the Browns 布朗一家 人,in the 1970s 在 20 世纪 70 年代 ★用于形容词、分词前表示一类人或物:the rich 穷人,the unemployed 失业者 ★用于江、河、海、洋、海湾、岛、山等的专有名词前:the Yangtze River 长江 ★用于由普通名词构成的专有名词前:the History Museum 历史博物馆,the Middle East 中东 ★用于固定短语中:on the right 在右边,at the age of 在……岁时,on the whole 总起来说,in the long run 从长远看 3.不用冠词的情况 ★不可数名词或复数名词前表泛指,或表示类别时 ★物质名词、抽象名词前:water,luck ★专有名词(人名、地名、国家名、城市、街道、词首为 Mount 的山)前:China,Qingdao,Mount Tai ★季节、月份、星期以及节日、假日的名词前不用冠词,但特指季节、日期和传统中国节日时多使 用定冠词:the Spring Festival,the spring of Beijing ★表示三餐、球类或棋类运动等的名词前 ★学科、语言的名词前 ★表示职位、头衔、称呼的名词在句中作表语、同位语、补足语时 ★man,mankind 泛指“人类”时,word 指“消息”时 ★by taxi/bus/train/boat/ship/plane/email 等表示通信、交通方式时 ★两个相同的或对应的名词由介词连接表示特定概念时:face to face 面对面地,hand in hand 手拉手地 ★某些固定短语中:at home and abroad 国内外,in debt 欠债 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.My roommate is 　　　　　　newcomer to AI,but she has already made some advances. 2.Wouldn’t it be 　　　　　　wonderful world if all nations lived in peace with one another? 3.It’s a shame that many tourists are still in 　　　　　　habit of writing silly things in public places. 4.Many people agreed that 　　　　　　knowledge of a foreign language is a must in one’s life. 5.It’s evident that 　　　　　　little money he earns can hardly support 　　　　　　family as large as his. 6.I don’t know who invented 　　　　　　robot,but it’s really 　　　　　　most wonderful invention. 7.Of all 　　　　　　reasons for my decision to become a university professor,my father’s advice was 　　　　　　 most important one. 8.Let’s go to 　　　　　　new-opened science museum—that will take your mind off the problem for 　　　　　　 while. 9.Being able to afford 　　　　　drink would be 　　　　　comfort in those tough times. 10.The athlete missed 　　　　　　gold in the high jump,but will get 　　　　　　second chance in the long jump. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 The population of the milu deer around China’s Poyang Lake has been grown from 47 to 55 since a group of the rare 1.　　　　　　(deer) was released(释放) there about a year ago.Yang Qibo,who is in charge of Poyang County’s wildlife 2.　　　　　　 (protect) station,told the public that they had recorded 3.　　　　　　 birth of 8 deer over the past year.Last April,to improve biodiversity in the local wetland ecosystem,China released 47 deer into the wild around Poyang Lake,4.　　　　　　 county’s largest freshwater lake.The species’ sudden 5.　　　　　　 (disappear) occurred around 1,000 years ago in this area.Local 6.　　　　　　 (official) said the deer adapted well to the new environment and coexisted peacefully with local villagers.Whenever a deer was spotted,7.　　　　　　 (villager) would always report it to wildlife authorities.There were some cases where the villagers’ crops were damaged by the deer,but they usually chose to drive 8. deer away instead of hurting them.The milu,also known as Père David’s deer,is native to China.In China it has the humorous name “sibuxiang” or “like none of the four” for its unique feature.The wetland deer species is put under 9.　　　　　　 A- level state protection after overhunting and habitat (栖息地) loss led to its nearly dying out in 10.　　　　　　 early 20th century.Now about 6,700 deer live across the country,including 1,500 in the wild. 考点 2　代词、介词和数词 探考点寻规律 ◇代词◇ 考点清单 1.人称代词 ★主格形式(I,you,he,she,it,we,they)在句中作主语或表语。 ★宾格形式(me,you,him,her,it,us,them)在句中作动词或介词的宾语。 2.物主代词 ★形容词性物主代词(my,your,his,her,its,our,their)放在名词前作定语。 ★名词性物主代词(mine,yours,his,hers,its,ours,theirs)相当于名词,在句中作主语、表语或宾语,但不能 作定语。 3.反身代词 ★反身代词(myself,yourself,himself,herself,itself,ourselves,yourselves,themselves)在句中作宾语、表语 或同位语。 ★反身代词用在短语中 enjoy oneself 过得快乐;devote oneself to 致力于;make oneself at home 别拘束;teach oneself 自学;be oneself(人)处于正常状态 4.相互代词 ★相互代词(each other,one another),意为“互相,相互”,each other 用于两者之间,one another 用于三者或 三者以上之间。所有格形式为 each other’s 和 one another’s。 5.指示代词 ★this,these 指时间或空间较近的人或物;that,those 则指时间或空间较远的人或物。 ★this,these 多指下面将要讲到的事物;that,those 则指前面提到的事物。 ★that,those 常用来代替已提到过的名词,以避免重复。 6.不定代词 ★one 既可指人,也可指物,既可单独使用,也可放在单数可数名词之前作定语;其复数形式为 ones,所有 格形式为 one’s,反身代词为 oneself。 ★no one 只能指代人,回答以 who 开头的问题。 ★none 指代人或物,可代替可数名词的单数和复数,也可代替不可数名词,回答 how many/much 开头的 问题。 ★neither 表示“两者中任何一个都不”。 ★either 指“两者中任何一个”。 ★either...or...意为“要么……要么……,或者……或者……”。 ★neither...nor...意为“既不……也不……”。 ★all 指三个或三个以上的人或物。 ★both 指两个人或物。 ★each 指两个或两个以上的人或物中的每一个,而 every 指三个或三个以上的人或物中的每一个。 ★every 与 not 连用表示部分否定,意为“并非每一个”。 ★“other+可数名词复数”,意为“另外……,其他……”;some...others...表示“一些……,另一些……”。 ★the other 指两者中的另一个或另一部分;the others 用作代词,表示“剩下的,其余的”,特指一定范围内 的其他的人或物。 ★another 泛指“另一个,再一个”,后接可数名词单数;another two/three/few 表示“另外两个/三个/几 个”。 ★few,a few,little 与 a little 都表示“少”的概念,(a) few 与复数名词搭配,(a) little 与不可数名词搭配。a little 和 a few 带有肯定含义,little 和 few 带有否定含义。 ★many 修饰或指代可数名词,much 修饰或指代不可数名词。 ★some 和 any 都表示“一些”,前者多用于肯定句,后者多用于否定句、疑问句、条件句。两者都既可 以修饰可数名词复数,也可修饰不可数名词。 ★some 可以用于疑问句中,表示说话者的肯定语气或希望得到对方肯定的回答;any 可用于肯定句中, 表示“任何一个,任何一些”。 ★somebody,someone 表示“某人”,多用于肯定句中;anybody,anyone 表示“任何人”,多用于否定句和疑 问句中;something 意为“某事(物)”,多用于肯定句中,或用于表示征求意见、邀请并期望对方给予肯定 答复的疑问句中;anything 意为“任何事(物)”,多用于否定句、疑问句以及条件句中。 7.it 的用法 ★指代前面提到的事物或上文提到的事件。 ★指代 baby,child 等。 ★指代时间和季节、天气、距离或某种情况。 ★用作形式主语或宾语,替代不定式、动词-ing 形式或 that 从句。 ★hate,dislike,enjoy,appreciate 等心理方面的动词后面接 it,然后再跟从句,it 代指从句所表达的内容。 ★it 用于“It takes sb+时间+to do...”,make it(成功,赶上)等固定搭配中。 ★“It is/was+被强调部分+that/who+句子的其他成分”是强调句型。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.If the seniors do everything for the juniors,we won’t acquire the ability of protecting 　　　　　　 (we). 2.Your captain is the team star!Working with 　　　　　　(other) is really a piece of cake. 3.I prefer this house with a big swimming pool,but I don’t have enough money to buy 　　　　　　. 4.The witness was asked a lot of questions by the policeman,but she didn’t answer 　　　　　　of them. 5.When you introduce me to the businessman,could you please say 　　　　　　for me? 6.The fact that she was foreign made 　　　　　　difficult for her to get employed in that country. 7.It was hard for him to learn English in a family,in which 　　　　　　of his parents spoke the language. 8.I’ll spend half of my holiday practicing my oral English and the 　　　　　　half programming. 9.If you’re going to buy today’s evening paper from the stand,could you get 　　　　　　for me? 10.It seems that the cost of renting a house in Tokyo is much higher than 　　　　　　in any other city. ◇介词◇ 考点清单 ★on 表示在具体的某一天,某一天的上午、下午或晚上,或表示在节日的当天。 on Monday afternoon,on that day,on the morning of June 1 ★during 表示“在……期间”,还可指在某项活动过程中。 during the past five years 在过去的五年里,during my life 在我一生中 ★“in+一段时间”用于将来时;“after+一段时间”表示从过去某一时间点算起的一段时间之后,用于过去 时,当 after 后接一个具体时间点时,也可用于将来时。 ★“for+时间段”表示“(延续)……之久”,“since+时间点”表示“自从(过去某时)以来”,两者与现在完成时 连用。 ★over 表示在某一物体正上方,而 above 强调在上方,不一定在正上方,还可指温度、海拔等刻度。 ★under 强调在正下方,是 over 的反义词;below 强调在下方,不一定是正下方,可指温度、海拔等刻度, 是 above 的反义词。 ★in,to,on 都表示两地之间的方位关系:in 指在范围内部;to 表示在范围之外,相对或相隔;on 表示毗邻 或接壤。 ★between 强调“两者之间”;among 指“三者或三者以上之间”。 ★through 和 across 都表示“经过”,through 表示从内部穿过,与 in 有关;across 表示从某物体的一端到另 一端,在表面上通过,与 on 有关。 ★in front of 和 in the front of 都表示“在……的前面”,in front of 指在某物体外部的前面,而 in the front of 表示在某物体内部的前面。 ★表示“用”的介词:with 表示具体、有形的工具、身体部位或器官的“用”;in 表示材料、方式、方 法、度量、单位、语言、声音的“用”;by 表示通过某种方法或手段。 ★except 意为“除……之外”,其后的宾语被排除在外,与 but 通用。 ★besides 用于肯定句,表示“除了……还有(包括在内)”。 ★including 表示部分包含于全体之中。 ★as 意为“以……身份,当作”;like 表示“像,如,似”,侧重于比较,并不意味着同一类或完全相似。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.The mayor feels that one of his main duties 　　　　　　an official is to lift the locals out of poverty. 2.I wonder why the boss as well as several women workers was left 　　　　　　by the police. 3.The woman secretary suggested an earlier date 　　　　　　the video conferencing. 4.The sunlight streamed in 　　　　　　the windows in the roof and warmed up the whole living room. 5.It’s wise of you to take a few days 　　　　　　work;you’re not looking energetic at all. 6.I’m really fortunate to have been offered an ideal job,which has been 　　　　　　my wildest dream. 7.Environmentalists at the net-meeting are discussing the effects of tourism 　　　　　　the wildlife in the area. 8.Volunteer requirements can be found at the official website or 　　　　　　calling the hotline at 8610- 1238. 9.This is a top secret and you must commit to me that you keep it 　　　　　　you and me. 10.It has been declared that the price of online courses will be raised 　　　　　　another 15% at the beginning of next month. ◇数词◇ 考点清单 1.基数词的用法 ★hundred,thousand,million 等表示确切数字时,可以与基数词或 several,a few 连用,没有复数形式。当 表示不确切的数字,如“成百上千、成千上万”时,则以复数形式出现且后跟 of:tens/hundreds/thousands/millions of 数十/数百/数千/数百万 ★dozen 和 score 的复数形式加 of 表示“许多”:dozens of foreign tourists,scores of times ★修饰可数名词复数的词或词组 few,a few,many,several,a great/good many of 许多,a number of 许多,a large/great number of 大量 的,large/great number of 大量的 ★修饰不可数名词的词或词组 little,a little,much,a great/good deal of,a large amount of/large amounts of ★既可修饰可数名词又可修饰不可数名词的词或词组 plenty of,a lot of/lots of,a quantity of/quantities of(许多,大量),all,enough,most,no,some 2.序数词的用法 ★序数词第 1—19 除了 first/second/third 为特殊形式外,其余由基数词加-th 构成;注意 fifth/eighth/ninth/twelfth 在拼写上的特殊性。 ★first/second/third 可缩写为 1st/2nd/3rd,以 th 结尾的序数词应缩写为“基数词+th”。 ★表示整十的序数词由相应的基数词将词尾的 y 改为 ieth。 ★非整十的多位数,将个位数变成序数词即可:thirty-second 第三十二 ★hundred/thousand/million 的序数词为 hundredth/thousandth/millionth。 3.数词的常见表达法 ★分数由基数词(分子)和序数词(分母)构成,分子大于一时,作分母的序数词用复数形式:one fifth 五分 之一,two-thirds 三分之二 ★分数的惯用表示法 a/one half=one second 二分之一,a/one quarter=one fourth 四分之一,three-quarters=three fourths 四分之 三 ★百分数用基数词和百分号(%)合成,百分号写作 percent 或 per cent,无复数形式。 ★表示倍数时,一倍用 once,两倍用 twice/double,三倍或三倍以上用“基数词+times”。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.As is known to all,China is one 　　　　　　(six) larger than that island country. 2.It took us quite a long time to get to the destination.It was three 　　　　　　(hour) ride. 3.Whenever it’s a public festival,there are always 　　　　　　(hundred) of cars on the expressway. 4.Each of his new works sold more than a 　　　　　　(million) copies in the online shops. 5.It is certain that your professor lives at Room 101 on the 　　　　　　(five) floor of the five-star hotel. 6.The new secretary did the typing one 　　　　　　(three) of the time it took me. 7.Asia,which is the largest continent,makes up more than one 　　　　　　(four) of the world’s land area. 8.Large 　　　　　　(quantity) of clean drinking water have been transported to the flooded areas. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 Beijing’s Forbidden City is a place full of wonders.From its 1.　　　　　　 (thousand) of rooms to its many beautiful artifacts,it’s no wonder that it is 2.　　　　　　 of China’s most popular scenic spots.But even more than 600 years after it was built,it’s still managing to serve up surprises. The Forbidden City draws visitors because of its rich history and cultural significance,but perhaps 3.　　　　　　 should add one more thing to its list of attractions:earthquake shelter.While most structures aren’t made to survive natural disasters,the Forbidden City seems to stand anything. To show how strong the ancient Chinese architecture really is,a model of one of the Forbidden City’s palaces was 4.　　　　　　 (test).It survived a simulated(模拟的) earthquake of 9.5 on the Richter scale—equal 5.　　　　　　 the largest ever recorded quake.Instead of falling apart,the model was just moved gently 6.　　　　　　 the test. According to experts,the key 7.　　　　　　 the Forbidden City’s strength,as well as other ancient Chinese structures,lies 8.　　　　　　　 dougong(斗拱)—a centuries-old building method invented in China.Ancient Chinese craftsmen created structures which were both enduring(耐用的)and elegant,showing 9.　　　　　　(they) advanced understanding 10.　　　　　　 mathematics,architecture,materials,and structural science. 考点 3　形容词和副词 探考点寻规律 ◇形容词◇ 考点清单 1.形容词的用法 ★有些形容词加上 the 相当于名词,指一类人或事物:the old 老年人;the new 新鲜的东西;the rich 富 人;the blind 盲人;the young 年轻人;the injured 伤员 ★enough,nearby 作定语时既可位于名词前,也可以放在名词后。 ★形容词修饰 someone,somebody,anyone,anybody,nobody,something,anything,nothing,everything 时多 置于其后:everything valuable 一切有价值的东西;anyone famous 任何名人 ★形容词 else 置于不定代词或疑问代词之后作定语:what else 还有其他什么;anything else 别的东西 2.比较级和最高级的规则变化 ★一般加-er,-est:higher;highest ★以字母 e 结尾只加-r,-st:braver;bravest ★以辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节,双写该辅音字母后再加-er,-est:thinner;thinnest ★以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,将 y 变为 i 再加 -er,-est:happier;happiest ★多音节词在词前加 more,most:more difficult;most difficult 3.比较级和最高级的不规则变化 ★good/well(身体健康的):better;best ★bad/ill(坏的):worse;worst ★much/many:more;most ★little:less;least ★far:farther/farthest(只指距离)更远的;further/furthest(指距离)更远的,(指程度)更进一步的,最大程度的 ★old:older/oldest(指年龄、新旧)更老的/最老的;elder/eldest(指血缘)较年长的/最年长的 4.比较等级的用法 ★原级比较:肯定句中用“as+形容词原级+as”结构;否定句中用“not so/as...as...”结构。 ★比较级用法 (1)“比较级+than”表示“和……相比更……”。 (2)“比较级+and+比较级”表示“越来越……”。 (3)“the+比较级...,the+比较级...”表示“越……,越……”。 (4)“the+比较级+of the...(两者)”表示“两者中较……的”。 ★最高级的用法 (1)最高级表示在三者以上之中程度最高,常用“the+最高级(+名词)+比较范围(短语或从句)”结构。 (2)in 和 of 表示比较范围:在一定的地域或空间内用 in;在同一类事物范围内用 of。 (3)最高级前用 a 时表示“很,非常”。 ★比较等级的修饰语 (1)修饰比较级:much,still,even,a little 等。 (2)修饰最高级:much,(by) far,nearly,almost 等。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.Be 　　　　　　(reason) —you can’t expect too high a salary as a green hand. 2.The secretary arranged a 　　　　　　(convenience) time and space for the approaching interview. 3.After the long journey,the three explorers went back home,　　　　　　 (hunger) and tired. 4.It looks like the weather is changing for the 　　　　　　(bad).Shall we stick to our plan? 5.If I find someone who looks like the suspect,my 　　　　　　(immediately) reaction will be to inform the police. 6.　　　　　　 (tire) and short of breath,Andy and Ruby were the first to reach the top of Mount Tai. 7.John is very 　　　　　　(rely)—if he promises to offer help he’ll try his best. 8.Compared with his sister,Jerry is even more 　　　　　　(sense) to emotional problems. 9.Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have 　　　　　　(flexibility) schedules to make it easier to care for their children. 10.Mr.Black is very happy because the medical masks made in his factory have never been more 　　　　　 (popularity). ◇副词◇ 考点清单 1.形容词变副词的规则 ★一般情况加-ly:common→commonly;immediate→immediately ★以“辅音字母+y”结尾的,将 y 变为 i 后加-ly:steady→steadily;busy→busily ★以-le 结尾的,去掉 e 加 y:simple→simply;gentle→gently ★以-ic 结尾的,加-ally:economic→economically;scientific→scientifically 2.置于句首表示说话人的态度或语气的副词 luckily;happily;generally;fortunately;honestly;roughly(大体上);briefly(简要地) 3.有些词以-ly 结尾,但却是形容词 lovely 可爱的;friendly 友好的;lively 生动的;motherly 母亲般的;orderly 有秩序的 4.部分易混淆的副词 ★hard 用作形容词,意为“困难的,艰难的”,作副词表示“努力地;猛烈地”;hardly 是副词,表示“几乎不”。 ★late 是形容词或副词,表示“迟,晚(的)”;lately 是副词,意为“近来,最近”。 ★most 用作形容词,意为“大部分的”,作副词表示“最,非常”;mostly 是副词,意为“主要地,大部分地”。 ★near 是形容词或副词,“近,靠近”;nearly 是副词,“几乎,差不多”。 ★free 用作形容词,意为“自由的”,用作副词,意为“免费地”;freely 是副词,意为“自由地”。 ★just 用作形容词,表示“公正的,正直的”,用作副词,表示“刚刚,刚才”;justly 是副词,意为“公正地”。 ★high 用作形容词或副词,表示“高(的)”,指具体高度;highly 用作副词,表示抽象意义“高度地”。 ★close 作形容词表示“亲密的”,作副词表示“近地(指具体距离)”;closely 用作副词,表示比喻意义“密切 地”。 ★deep 是形容词或副词,表示“深”(具体的深度);deeply 是副词,表示抽象意义“深深地”。 ★wide 是形容词或副词,表示“宽”(具体的宽度);widely 是副词,表示抽象意义“广泛地”。 5.副词的比较等级 ★原级比较:肯定句中用“as+副词原级+as”结构,否定句中用“not as/so...as”结构。 ★比较级用法 (1)“比较级+than”句式。 (2)“比较级+and+比较级”结构,表示“越来越……”。 (3)“the+比较级,the+比较级”结构,表示“越……就越……”。 ★最高级主要用“the+副词最高级+表示范围的短语或从句”结构表示;副词最高级前的 the 可省略。 ★副词比较等级的修饰语 (1)修饰比较级常用:even,much,a little,a lot,a bit,a great deal,far (2)修饰最高级常用:by far(……得多),almost,nearly 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.We used to see each other 　　　　　　(regular),but I haven’t heard from him since last year. 2.Anyone,whether he is an official or a delivery guy,should be 　　　　　　(equal) respected. 3.I’ve forgot my mother’s birthday entirely,not preparing a present as I do 　　　　　　(usual). 4.It seems that living green is 　　　　　　(surprise) easy and affordable.A small step makes a big difference. 5.In the good care of the nurses,the salesman is 　　　　　　(gradual) recovering from his heart operation. 6.Running a company is not 　　　　　　(simple) a matter of hiring people —they also need to be trained. 7.No matter how 　　　　　　(careful) you plan your finances,no one can predict when the unexpected will happen. 8.　　　　　　 (anxious),she took the dress out of the package and tried it on,only to find it didn’t fit. 9.He began to take political science 　　　　　　(serious) only when he left school. 10.Although she did not know Beijing well,she made her way 　　　　　　(easy) enough to the Summer Palace. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 Have you complained about your family,your boss,or even your life?Maybe everyone has.But after reading this story,you may change your view and treat the world with a 1.　　　　　　 (difference) attitude. An ass (驴),belonging to a herb-seller who gave him too little food and too 2.　　　　　　 work,could not bear the life any 3.　　　　　　 (long).So he made a request to God,to be released from his present service and provided with another master.After warning him that he would regret doing it,God made him sold to a tile-maker.4. (short) afterwards,the ass found that he had 5.　　　　　　 (heavy) loads to carry and harder work in the brick-field,and asked for another change again.God,telling him that it would be the last time that he could satisfy his request,made him sold to a tanner (皮革工).The ass found that he had fallen into 6.　　　　　　 (bad) hands.Knowing his new master’s occupation,he said,“It would have been 7.　　　　　　(good) for me either to have been starved by the first owner or to have been overworked by the second.But now I have already been bought by my 8.　　　　　　 (presence) owner,who will peel off my skin even after I am dead,and make me 9. (use).” We can see that people with dissatisfaction in a place are not 10.　　　　　　 (like) to find happiness in another. 考点 4　动词(时态和语态、主谓一致、情态动词、虚拟 语气) 探考点寻规律 ◇时态和语态◇ 考点清单 1.时态 ★一般现在时 (1)表示经常发生的动作、现存的状态、客观事实、真理和自然现象。 (2)表示比较固定,按计划、规定将要发生的动作,只限于 begin,come,go,leave,arrive 等少数动词。 (3)用于 if,unless,once,even if 引导的条件状语从句,或在 when,before,until,as soon as 引导的时间状语 从句中代替一般将来时。 ★一般过去时:表示发生在过去的动作或存在的状态或过去习惯性、经常性的动作或行为。 ★一般将来时 (1)“will/shall+动词原形”,shall 仅用于第一人称 I/we 作主语时,will 用于各种人称。 (2)“be going to+动词原形”,表示打算、计划、安排做某事,或表示由某种迹象表明将要发生某事。 (3)begin,leave,arrive,start,finish,meet,return 等动词用一般现在时表示按时刻表或安排将要发生的事。 (4)leave,go,come,stay,do,take,have 等动词的现在进行时,表示按计划或准备要做某事。 (5)“be to+动词原形”,表示计划、安排做某事。 (6)“be about to+动词原形”,表示即将发生某事,不与具体的将来时间状语连用。 ★过去将来时:表示从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作或存在的状态,常用以下四种形式: (1)would/should+动词原形 (2)was/were going to+动词原形 (3)was/were to+动词原形 (4)was/were about to+动词原形 ★现在进行时 (1)表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 (2)用于 go,come,stay,leave,do,take,have 等少数动词,表示“马上就,即将”。 (3)与 always 连用,表示赞扬或厌恶等感情色彩。 (4)不用于进行时态的三类动词: ①表示属于或拥有的动词或词组:belong to,have,own,possess,consist of 等。 ②表示感官的连系动词:seem,appear,look,sound,taste,smell 等。 ③表示行为结果的动词:accept,admit,receive,allow,decide,promise 等。 ★过去进行时 主要表示过去某时刻或某阶段正在进行的动作。基本结构为“was/were+v.-ing”。 ★现在完成时 (1)表示动作发生在过去,其结果影响到现在,常用时间状语:already,yet,so far(迄今为止)等。 (2)表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始一直持续到现在。常用时间状语:“since+时间点”,“for+时间 段”。 (3)用在时间或条件状语从句中,表示将来某个时间完成的动作。 (4)have/has been to 表示“曾经到过某地”,有“已经从某地回来”之意;have/has gone to...表示“已经去 了……”,强调主语尚未回来。 ★过去完成时 (1)表示动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经完成或结束,即发生在“过去的过去”,只有和过去 的某一时间或某一动作相比较时才能用到这一时态。 (2)hope,wish,plan,want,mean(意图),intend(打算),expect(期望)用于过去完成时态,表示过去未曾实现的 “计划、打算、企图、愿望”,多译为“本想/本打算/本以为……”。 ★现在完成进行时:表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作,并且还将持续下去。基本结构为 “have/has+been+v.-ing”。 ★过去完成进行时:表示从“过去的过去”的某个时间点开始的动作或状态,一直延续到过去的某一时 间点,与现在无联系。基本结构为“had+been+v.-ing”。 ★将来完成时:表示在将来某一时间点上会完成的动作。基本结构为“shall/will+have+动词过去分 词”。 ★两个常见句式的固定时态 (1)hardly...when/no sooner...than“刚(一)……就”:主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时。 (2)This/That/It is/was the first/second/...time (that)....“这/那是第一/二次……”:主句为现在时时,从句用 现在完成时;主句是过去时时,从句用过去完成时。 2.语态 ★被动语态的普通句式 (1)肯定句式:主语+be+过去分词+其他。 (2)否定句式:主语+be+not+过去分词+其他。 ★含有情态动词的被动语态 (1)肯定句式:主语+情态动词+be+过去分词+其他。 (2)否定句式:主语+情态动词+not+be+过去分词+其他。 ★几种特殊的被动语态形式 (1)be going to be done 将要被…… (2)be to be done 计划、打算被…… (3)have to be done 不得不被…… (4)ought to be done 应该被…… (5)used to be done 曾经被…… (6)seem to be done 似乎是被…… (7)happen to be done 碰巧被…… (8)“get+过去分词”表示被动 ★主动形式表示被动意义的六种情况 (1)“连系动词(sound 听起来;taste 尝起来;remain 仍然是,保持;stay 保持;become 变成)+形容词/名词”构 成系表结构。 (2)表示开始、结束、运动的动词:begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,end,run,move。 (3)表示“发生”的动词:happen,take place,occur。 (4)表示“爆发”的动词:break out,burst out。 (5)其他动词:cost 花费;come into being 形成;come true 实现;add up to 加起来是;belong to 属于;run out 用完;consist of 由……组成。 (6)表示主语的某种属性特征的动词:sell 卖起来;read 读起来;write 写起来。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.Just as a famous saying says,“Action 　　　　　　(speak) louder than words.” 2.He 　　　　　　(mean) to be able to see his friend in hospital,but he was too busy at that time. 3.My mind wasn’t on what he was saying,so I’m afraid I 　　　　　　(miss) half of it. 4.I know Bill Gates;we 　　　　　　(introduce) to each other at an international conference. 5.It’s thought that hundreds of posts 　　　　　　(lose) if these small and micro businesses close. 6.All the preparations for the scientific research 　　　　　　(complete),and we’re ready to start. 7.A new high-speed railway 　　　　　　(build) here.They hope to finish it as soon as possible. 8.These new cars 　　　　　　(import) from Japan,and they usually 　　　　　　(sell) well in our city. 9.After school we went to the swimming pool to swim,only to be told that it 　　　　　　(decorate). 10.My parents 　　　　　　(live) in Beijing.They were born there and have never lived anywhere else. 11.Over the past decades,sea ice 　　　　　　(decrease) in the Arctic as a result of global warming. 12.Up to now,the cure for COVID-19 　　　　　　(save) thousands of patients who would otherwise have died. 13.It took me a long time before I was able to completely understand what they 　　　　　　(do) for me. 14.Would you please keep silent?The flood forecast 　　　　　　(broadcast) and I want to listen. 15.The educator keeps telling us students that the future 　　　　　　(belong) to the well-educated. ◇主谓一致◇ 考点清单 1.单一主语的主谓一致 ★不定代词 either,neither,each,one,the other,another,someone,something,anyone,anything,everyone,everything,nobody,no one,nothing 作主语时, 谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 ★“neither/either of+复数名词或复数形式的代词”作主语,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。 ★all 作主语指人时谓语动词用复数形式,指全部事情时用第三人称单数形式。 ★every 或 each 修饰的名词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ★people,cattle,police 作主语时谓语动词用复数形式。 ★集体名词 audience(观众),class,crew(船员),family,group,government,public(公众)作主语时,若作为一 个整体看待,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;若强调该集体的每位成员时谓语动词用复数形式。 ★以复数形式结尾、谓语动词只能用复数形式的名词有:earnings(所得,收 入),thanks,clothes,trousers,belongings(财产),savings(储蓄)。 ★下列单复数同形的名词作主语时,谓语动词的单复数形式根据该名词表达的单复数概念而 定:means;works(工厂);sheep;deer(鹿);species(种类)。 ★a number of 意为“许多”,后跟可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式;the number of 意为“…… 的数目”,后跟可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ★some,plenty of,a lot of,lots of 等既可以修饰可数名词复数,又可修饰不可数名词,作主语时其谓语动 词的单复数形式取决于所修饰的名词。 ★a quantity (of),(large) quantities (of) 作主语或修饰主语时,其谓语动词根据 quantity 的单复数形式而 定。 ★“分数/百分数+of+名词”结构作主语时,由 of 之后的名词决定谓语动词的单复数。 ★单独的不定式、动词-ing 形式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;如果多个非谓语动词连在一 起表达同一概念,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;如果表达不同概念,谓语动词用复数形式。 ★表示度量、价格、时间、长度等的复数名词作主语,谓语动词常用第三人称单数形式。 2.并列结构作主语的主谓一致 ★and 及 both...and...类: 两个单数主语用 and 连接起来,表示两个不同的人或物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果两个并列的单数主 语在意义上指同一个人、同一事物,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 ★every...and every...,each...and each...或 no...and no...连接的名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。 ★由 not...but...,not only...but (also)...,...or...,either...or,neither...nor 等连接的并列名词、代词作主语时, 谓语动词的单复数形式应该和它最邻近的名词保持一致。 3.其他情况的主谓一致 ★主语后有 with,as well as(也),including 等介词或短语时,谓语动词与上述介词或短语前的名词一 致。 ★There be 句型中,谓语动词通常和最邻近的名词保持一致。 ★定语从句中谓语动词的单复数形式应视先行词的单复数而定。 ★倒装句中的谓语动词的单复数形式应与后面的主语保持一致。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.A poet and artist 　　　　　　(be) coming to give us a lecture about Chinese modern literature this evening. 2.Early to bed and early to rise 　　　　　　(make) a man healthy,wealthy and wise. 3.Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only one of the women who 　　　　　　(wear) an evening dress. 4.The number of foreign students attending Chinese universities 　　　　　　(be) rising steadily since 2018. 5.The medical expert will communicate with us about how to fight against COVID -19,but when and where 　　　　　　(have) not been announced yet. 6.The company has about 20 notebook computers but only two-thirds of them 　　　　　　(be) used regularly. 7.Neither the Smiths nor their employer 　　　　　　(be) to China,but they know the country well. 8.No one in the department but Tom and I 　　　　　　(know) that the director is going to resign. 9.It’s always a golden rule that helping your friends 　　　　　　(mean) helping yourself. 10.A new survey 　　　　　　(show) that three hours of outdoor exercise a week 　　　　　　(be) good for one’s health. ◇情态动词◇ 考点清单 1.must/have to ★must 表示客观上“必须,一定要”;have to 强调来自“外界”的义务,即表示“不得不”。 ★mustn’t 用来表示禁止,don’t have to 表示没有义务、没有必要做。 2.used to/be used to ★used to 表示“过去常常”,没有人称和数的变化,可以与过去的时间状语连用,其否定形式为 usedn’t to 或 didn’t use to,其一般疑问句形式将 used 提到主语前或用 Did...use to...形式。 ★be used to 多用来表示“习惯于”,to 是介词,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing 形式。 3.情态动词+be doing 表示对现在和将来正在进行的行为进行推测,意为“或许正在,应当正在,想必正在,准是正在”。 4.情态动词+have done ★can/could have done 意为“本来能做某事(而没做)”,表示责备或批评之意。 ★must have done 表示对过去事情的推测,或对现在已完成的事情进行推测,通常只用于肯定句,意为 “想必,一定”。否定句中用 can’t have done(不可能已经做)。 ★may/might have done 意为“或许已经做”,表示对已发生的动作或存在情况的推测。 ★should have done 意为“本应该做某事而没做”,shouldn’t have done 表示“过去不该做某事但做了”, 含有不满或责备之意。 ★needn’t have done 表示“本来没有必要做某事却做了”。 ★would have done 表示“本来会做……”。 ★be supposed to have done 表示“本该做某事而实际上却没有做”。 5.情态动词的特殊句式 ★cannot help but do 表示“不得不”之意。 ★can’t help doing sth 表示“禁不住做某事”。 ★can’t help (to) do 表示“不能帮忙做某事”。 ★cannot/never...too...表示“无论怎样……都不过分,越……越好”。 ★may/might as well 表示有礼貌的劝告,意为“还是……的好,不妨……”。 ★if you must...表示不想让某人做某事但也没办法,意为“非要,一定要”。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.She is only six years old.However,she 　　　　　　speak English as well as French. 2.In Britain,you 　　　　　　be 18 if you want to drive a car. 3.As a high school student,you 　　　　　　not smoke because it is against the school rules. 4.I’m feeling much better now so you 　　　　　　not call in the doctor. 5.This pair of sports shoes 　　　　　　belong to Matt.He likes the style a lot. 6.The lights are still on,so the president of the supermarket 　　　　　　be in her office. 7.The protective clothing 　　　　　　not be Carl’s.It’s much too large for him. 8.You 　　　　　　not use your earphone while you are riding your e-bike. 9.There must be no bus at this time of day.It seems that we 　　　　　　take a taxi. 10.That madam 　　　　　　take no exercise,but now she works out almost every morning. ◇虚拟语气◇ 考点清单 1.虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的应用 情况 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式 与现在 事实相 反 动词过去式(be 动词常用 were) should/would/could/ might+动词原形 与过去 事实相 反 had+过去分词 should/would/could/ might have+过去分 词 与将来 事实相 反 动词过去式;were to+动词原形;should+动 词原形 should/would/could/ might+动词原形 2.虚拟条件句的特殊用法 ★如果条件句中含有 were,had,should,可以将 if 省略,再把 were,should,had 移到主语之前;如果从句中 没有 were,should 或 had,则不能省略 if。 ★but for(要不是),without(要是没有)表示条件,谓语动词要用虚拟语气。 3.虚拟语气在从句中的应用 ★用在主语从句中 (1)“It is+necessary/important/strange+that...”句型表示“重要性、必要性、惊讶”时,that 从句中谓语使 用“should+动词原形”。当表示“重要性、必要性”时,should 可省略;当表示“惊讶”时,should 不可省 略。 (2)“It is suggested/advised/ordered/commanded/requested/required/demanded/insisted+that...”表示“建 议、命令或请求”时,that 从句中谓语使用“(should+)动词原形”。 ★用在宾语从句中 (1)与现在事实相反时,从句中用“were/一般过去时”;与过去事实相反时,从句中用“过去完成时”;与将 来事实相反时,从句中用“would/could/might(不用 should)+动词原形”。 (2)表示“建议、命令、要求”的词,后面的宾语从句中谓语动词用“(should+)动词原形”。 (3)suggest 表示“暗示,表明”,insist 表示“坚持认为”时,不能用虚拟语气,应根据具体情况确定从句时 态。 (4)would rather 表示“宁愿”时,之后的从句中用一般过去时表示现在或将来的愿望,用过去完成时表示 过去的愿望。 ★虚拟语气用在表语从句、同位语从句中 (1)在与 suggestion,advice,order,request,demand 有关的表语从句、同位语从句中用“(should+)动词原 形”。 (2)as if/as though 引导的表语从句中,用过去时表示与现在事实相反;用“had+过去分词”表示与过去事 实相反;用“would/could/might+动词原形”表示与将来事实相反。 ★虚拟语气在 as if/as though(好像,似乎)引导的方式状语从句中 表示与现在事实相反时,从句谓语动词用过去式;表示与过去事实相反时,从句谓语动词用“had+过去 分词”;表示与将来事实相反时,从句谓语用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 ★虚拟语气用于其他句型中 (1)if only 句型用虚拟语气表示“要是……多好啊”:与现在事实相反时用一般过去时;与过去事实相反 时用“had+过去分词”;与将来事实相反时用“would/could/might+动词原形”。 (2)It’s (high) time that...句型表示“早就该……”,谓语动词用过去式。 (3)Were it not for...句型意为“要不是……”,表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气。 (4)Had it not been for...句型意为“当时要不是……”,表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.If I 　　　　　　(be) you,I would major in medicine when I go to university. 2.If I 　　　　　　(know) you were in heavy debt,I might have lent you the needed money. 3.This position was not so ideal as I had expected.If I 　　　　　　(know) that earlier,I would not 　　　　　　 (accept) it. 4.The hiking was so pleasant that the mother wished she 　　　　　　(take) her son with her. 5.Should the freeway be closed because of the flood,we 　　　　　　(fly) to Shenyang tomorrow. 6.It is vital that all the drivers 　　　　　　(obey) the traffic rules when they are driving. 7.The expert suggested that the buildings 　　　　　　(pull) down so that the flood could run out. 8.We all agreed to the guide’s suggestion that we 　　　　　　(go) to Yunnan for sightseeing. 9.The new traffic law requires that every driver 　　　　　　(have) his car checked every two years. 10.It’s high time that you 　　　　　　(give) up e-cigarettes;it is harming your health. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 China 1.　　　　　　 (build) a high-speed passenger rail network in recent years and 2.　　　　　　 (continue) to expand it in the coming years.By the end of 2018,China’s railway mileage (里程) 3.　　　　　　 (reach) 131,000 kilometers,of which 29,000 kilometers were high-speed rail.This 4.　　　　　　 (account) for two-thirds of the world’s total high-speed rail tracks,making China’s high-speed rail system the world’s largest high-speed rail network. China’s high-speed trains are similar to those of France’s TGV,German’s ICE and Japan’s Shinkansen.The fast trains with a top speed of 250-350 km/h 5.　　　　　　 (call) CRH,China Railway High-speed. If you want to travel around China the high-speed trains 6.　　　　　　 (be) your ideal choice since they are clean,comfortable and modern.Unlike on the conventional trains in China,nobody 7.　　　　　　 (allow) to smoke on high-speed trains,not even between carriages. The seats are as good as those on the plane or even better.Most high-speed rail tickets have corresponding (对应的) seats,and sometimes only a small number of standing tickets 8.　　　　　　 (sell) on limited trains.There’s never a crowd of people sitting in the aisles.The ticket prices for China’s high-speed trains 9.　　　　　　 (be) reasonable and,on most routes,the frequency of departure 10.　　　　　　 (be) very high,so people can buy tickets conveniently. 考点 5　非谓语动词 探考点寻规律 考点清单 1.非谓语动词的形式 ★不定式的形式 时态/语 态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to do to be done 完成式 to have done to have been done 进行式 to be doing / 其否定形式是在不定式符号 to 前面 加 not ★现在分词的形式 时态/语 态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 其否定形式是在 doing 前面加 not ★过去分词的形式只有一种:done 2.非谓语动词作宾语 ★下列动词只能接不定式作宾语 afford(负担) agree(同意) aim(旨在,意 图) ask(要求) beg(请求) choose(选择) decline(拒绝) demand(要求) desire(渴望) expect(期待) fail(未能) fear(害怕) happen(碰巧) help(帮助) hesitate(犹 豫) learn(学习) long(渴望) manage(设 法) offer(主动提 出) plan(计划) prepare(准 备) promise(答 应) refuse(拒绝) seek(试图) tend(往往会) undertake(承 担) decide(决定) ★下列动词只能接动名词作宾语 admit(承认) advise(建议) allow(允许) avoid(避免) consider(考 虑) delay(推迟) discuss(讨论) dislike(不喜 欢) enjoy(喜欢) excuse(原谅) fancy(设想) finish(完成) forgive(原谅) imagine(想 象) keep(保持) mind(介意) miss(错过) pardon(原 谅) postpone(推 迟) practise(练 习) quit(放弃) risk(冒险) escape(避开) suggest(建 议) ★下列动词接不定式或动名词意思不同 remember to do sth 记住要做某事 remember doing sth 记得曾做过某事 forget to do sth 忘记要做某事 forget doing sth 忘记曾做过某事 regret to do sth 遗憾要做某事 regret doing sth 后悔曾做过某事 try to do sth 努力做某事 try doing sth 试着做某事 mean to do sth 意图(打算)做某事 mean doing sth 意味着做某事 can’t help (to) do sth 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事 go on to do sth 做完某事后接着做另一件事 go on doing sth 继续做一直在做的事 stop to do sth 停下(某事)去做另一件事 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事 ★下列短语只能接动名词作宾语 add up to 结果是;be equal to 等于;devote...to 把……献给;get down to 着手处理;look forward to 期 待;object to 反对;stick to 坚持;pay attention to 注意;be/get/become used to 习惯于 3.非谓语动词作定语 ★不定式作定语必须放在被修饰词之后,表示尚未进行的主动动作用 to do;表示尚未进行的被动动作 用 to be done。 things to deal with 要处理的事 a meeting to be held 将要举行的一场会议 ★动名词作定语说明其修饰名词的用途、功能等,常置于被修饰词的前面。 walking stick 拐杖　washing machine 洗衣机 sleeping pills 安眠药　swimming pool 游泳池 drinking water 饮用水　writing course 写作课 living conditions 生活条件　fishing pole 钓鱼竿 operating room 手术室　filling station 加油站 waiting room 候诊室　playing field 运动场 ★现在分词作定语时说明一个主动、正在进行的动作,单个现在分词作定语时作前置定语;现在分词 短语作后置定语,相当于定语从句。 a floating boat 一艘漂浮着的小船 the girl sitting behind me 坐在我后面的女孩 ★过去分词作定语表示被动和完成意义,单个过去分词置于被修饰词前;过去分词短语作后置定语,相 当于定语从句。 used books 用过的书　printed paper 印好的试卷 a retired teacher 退休教师　fallen leaves 落叶 a developed country 发达国家　boiled water 开水 a novel written by a student 由一名学生写的小说 4.非谓语动词作宾语补足语 ★下列动词常接不定式作宾语补足语 advise(建议) allow (允许) ask (请求) beg(恳求) cause (导致) command (命 令) enable(使能 够) encourage (鼓 励) expect (期望) force (强迫) get (使) hate (讨厌) intend (打算 要) invite (邀请) leave (留下) mean (打算 要) prefer (更喜 欢) order (命令) persuade (说 服) remind (提醒) teach (教) train (训练) trouble (麻烦) want (想要) ★下列动词常接现在分词作宾语补足语 catch (碰上) feel (感 觉) find (发现) have (使) hear (听 见) keep(使) notice(注意 到) see (看 见) send/set(使) smell(闻到) ★下列动词常接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语 feel (感 觉) have(使) hear(听 见) make(使) observe(观 察) see(看 见) smell(闻 到) ★下列动词常接过去分词作宾语补足语 have,make,get,find,see,notice,watch,hear,feel 5.非谓语动词作状语 非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语是句子的主语。 ★不定式作状语表示目的、原因、结果。表示未曾预料的结果时,常在不定式前面加上 only。 He hurried to the station,only to find the train had left. ★现在分词作状语,现在分词和逻辑主语之间是主动关系。 (1)时间状语:Leaving the airport,they waved again and again to us.(When they left the airport,...) (2)原因状语:Believing in my secretary,I left her an important job to do.(Because I believed in my secretary,...) (3)伴随状语或方式状语:He walked down the hill,singing softly to himself.(...,and sang softly to himself.) (4)结果状语:The old scientist died,leaving the project unfinished.(...,so that he left the project unfinished.) (5)条件状语:Staying in the seashore for a time,you will feel fresh.(If you stay in the seashore for a time,...) (6)让步状语:Admitting what she has said,I still think that she has not tried her best.(Although I admit what she has said,...) ★过去分词作状语,过去分词和其逻辑主语之间是被动关系。 (1)时间状语:Seen(When it is seen) from the hill,the city looks more beautiful. (2)原因状语:Scolded(Because she was scolded) by the teacher,the girl felt sad. (3)条件状语:Given(If I were given) the chance,I would work in the countryside. (4)伴随或方式状语: The pop star hurried up to her car,followed by her fans. Followed by her fans,the pop star hurried up to her car. The pop star,followed by her fans,hurried up to her car. 6.不定式和动名词作主语 ★动名词作主语表示一般、抽象、泛指的概念,而不定式表示具体的某一次动作。 ★不定式作主语时常用形式主语 it 代替,而动名词作主语时只有在“It is no good/no use...”这一句型中 用 it 作形式主语。 It is important to make a good plan for the trip. It is no use talking with him. 7.疑问词和不定式连用 不定式和疑问词连用常作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。 How to get enough money remains a problem.(主语) The question is how to educate these children.(表语) 8.“名词/代词+非谓语动词”构成的独立主格结构,前后两部分具有逻辑上的主谓关系 非谓语动词作状语,其逻辑主语须与主句主语保持一致。若不一致,非谓语动词形式须另带主语,从而 构成复合结构的形式作状语。这种结构称为“独立主格结构”,常用来表示时间、原因、条件、行为 方式或伴随情况等。 ★名词/代词+现在分词(表示主动和正在进行) The girl staring at him (As the girl stared at him),he didn’t know what to say.姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道 说什么好。 Time permitting (If time permits),we will go for an outing tomorrow.如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊 游。 ★名词/代词+过去分词(表示被动和已完成) The problems solved (As the problems were solved),the quality has been improved.随着问题的解决,质量 已经提高了。 Her glasses broken (Because her glasses were broken),she couldn’t see the words on the blackboard.由于 眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。 ★名词/代词+不定式(表示将要发生的动作) 名词/代词与不定式之间是主动关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。 He is going to make a model plane,some old parts to help.借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other,one to go home,the other to go to the bookstore.他们道别后,一个回家, 一个去书店。 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.After completing and signing it,please return the document to us in the envelope 　　　　　　 (provide). 2.George returned after the mission,only 　　　　　　(tell) that his house was washed away by the flood. 3.　　　　　　 (praise) by the headmaster,the monitor felt excited and encouraged. 4.　　　　　　 (see) that she was going off to sleep,I asked if she’d like that little doll on her bed. 5.The audience all turned 　　　　　　(look) at the online celebrity as she entered the stadium. 6.　　　　　　 (drive) by a greater need of money,both Father and Mother have chosen to work harder. 7.All the doctors and nurses who would fly to Wuhan hurried to the airport,　　　　　　 (leave) their dinner untouched. 8.One learns a language by making mistakes and 　　　　　　(correct) them again and again. 9.　　　　　　 (ask) to work overtime that weekend,we missed a meaningful outing. 10.The opening ceremony,　　　　　　 (start) at 8:00 pm last Sunday,was followed by a concert given by staff. 11.With Mother’s Day coming,I have taken some money out of the bank 　　　　　　(buy) presents for my mother. 12.I’m calling to enquire about the position 　　　　　　(advertise) in yesterday’s China Daily. 13.For my part,that company,though very small,is pleasant 　　　　　　(work) in. 14.Do you really consider it any good 　　　　　　(memorize) so many grammar points? 15.　　　　　　 (keep) up with what is happening in the world,people need to surf the Internet every day. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 Hundreds of years ago,a young foreigner 1.　　　　　　 (call) Marco Polo travelled all the way from Italy to China.From then on a window to the east has been opened for westerners.It is 764 years since he was born. Two kinds of gold coins once 2.　　　　　　 (make) by Europeans showed their respects (尊敬) for the great explorer (探险家). Marco Polo was born in 1254.He lived in Venice,a rich city in Italy.Marco’s father and uncle were businessmen.They had travelled to the east.So when Marco was young,he enjoyed 3.　　　　　　 (listen) to the stories about the places 4.　　　　　　 (visit) by his father. His father decided 5.　　　　　　 (take) him on a trip.When Marco Polo was just 17,he left his country for China. They were among the first 6.　　　　　　 (go) along the Silk Road.They had a lot of trouble in 7.　　　　　　 (explore).So it was a hard trip for Marco Polo,but he was very brave. After about four years,Marco met Kublai Khan (忽必烈) who gave him a job. Marco spent 17 years 8.　　　　　　 (work) for him.He visited most parts of China.He learnt lots of 9. (interest) things about Chinese life. When he returned home,he let others 10.　　　　　　 (know) about things like coal and paper money.He wrote about his trip in a famous book. 第二层级　精通“句法”——求满分 考点 1　并列句、感叹句、祈使句 探考点寻规律 考点清单 1.并列句 ★并列句的构成 (1)用并列连词连接。 We fished all day,but we didn’t catch one. (2)用分号连接。 She tried her best;she failed,however. ★表示转折或对比关系的并列连词:but,yet(然而,可是),while(然而) ★表示并列或递进关系的并列连词:and,not only...but (also),both...and...,neither...nor... ★表示选择关系的并列连词:or,either...or...,not...but... ★表示因果关系的并列连词:so,for(因为) ★特殊并列连词:when ★when 可用作并列连词,意为“就在这时,那时”,常用于下列句式: be doing sth when...正在做某事,就在这时…… be about to do sth when...马上要做某事,就在这时…… be on the point of doing sth when...正要做某事,就在这时…… had just done sth when...刚刚做某事,就在这时…… 2.感叹句 ★what 引导感叹句的结构: What+a(n)+形容词+可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What+形容词+可数名词复数(+主语+谓语)! What+形容词+不可数名词(+主语+谓语)! What interesting books they are! ★how 引导感叹句的结构: How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语! How+主语+谓语! How surprising it is! How I wish to join the football club! ★“What+a(n)+形容词+名词(+主语+谓语)!”与“How+形容词+a(n)+名词(+主语+谓语)!”可以互换,但应 注意冠词的位置: What a long way it is from Beijing to Guangzhou!=How long a way it is from Beijing to Guangzhou! 3.祈使句 ★肯定结构:动词原形+其他 ★否定结构:否定形式用 don’t,位于句首且只能用缩略形式。 ★可以加助动词 do,或使用 always 或 never 加强语气。 Do let me know the truth. Never tell a lie to anyone. ★“祈使句+and/or+陈述句”,有时祈使句部分也可以用名词短语。 Work hard,and you will pass the exam. More healthy food,or you will break down soon. 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.They wanted to charge $5,000 for the e-bike,　　　　　　 we managed to bring the price down. 2.You’d better make greater efforts,　　　　　　 you won’t get next semester’s scholarship. 3.The cost of living in Haikou is among the lowest,　　　　　　 the quality of life is probably one of the highest. 4.Father was about to close the window 　　　　　　his attention was caught by an injured bird. 5.Please do me a favour— 　　　　　　(invite) my friend Mr.Smith to Youth Theater at 7:30 tonight. 6.It is often said that the joy of travelling is not in arriving at your destination 　　　　　　in the journey itself. 7.In some places women are expected to earn money 　　　　　　men work at home and raise their children. 8.He found it increasingly difficult to read,　　　　　　 his eyesight was beginning to fail. 9.What he saw was that a car ran directly into the tree.　　　　　　 a terrible scene it was! 10.Before you resign from the company,　　　　　　(consider) how your family would feel about your decision. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 Each school year begins as usual though you may feel worried about your hard study.Other teens,including many Senior 1 students,are 1.　　　　　　 nervous and excited because they will have tons of new things to deal with—new teachers,new friends and even a new school. There are new worries,2.　　　　　　 they won’t stay around for long.If you know what to do,you can easily make your back-to-school worries go away. On the first day,most teachers talk about all the cool things to do at school this year.Many teachers also ask students to tell the class something about themselves.3. (prepare) something to say.And 4. (be) nice to your classmates.That can bring you new friends.Say hello to those you know 5. to the new ones in your class.6. helpful it is to be friendly! To make you feel better,it might help to wear nice clothes on the first day of school.Try your favourite pair of jeans 7.　　　　　　 a nice new T-shirt from the summer holiday.If you have to wear a school uniform,8.　　　　　　 (wear) something cool! The following tips may help you to get ready for the new term more quickly. ·Get enough sleep at night,9.　　　　　　 don’t sleep in class. ·Try to go to school with a happy face every day. ·Join some student clubs.10.　　　　　　 remember not to ignore your schoolwork. 考点 2　定语从句 探考点寻规律 考点清单 1.定语从句的分类 ★限制性定语从句:对先行词起修饰、限制作用,不能用逗号与先行词隔开。 She has two daughters who work in the same company. ★非限制性定语从句:对先行词或主句起补充说明作用,与先行词或主句之间常用逗号隔开。 She has two daughters,who work in the same company. 2.who,whom,whose 引导定语从句 ★先行词指人时,who/that 在从句中若作主语,则不可省略;whom/who/that 若在从句中作宾语,则可省 略。 ★先行词是 those 时用 who 引导定语从句。 ★“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句,如果先行词指人,用 whom 指代且不可省略。 ★whose 在定语从句中一般指人,有时也可指物,在从句中作定语。 3.that,which 引导定语从句 ★当先行词是不定代词 all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,some 等时,关系代词只用 that。 ★当先行词被 all,every,no,some,any,little,much,the only,the very,the right,the last,few,just 等修饰时,关 系代词只用 that。 ★先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰,或先行词本身是序数词或形容词最高级时,关系代词只用 that。 ★当先行词既有人又有物时,关系代词只能用 that。 ★引导非限制性定语从句时,关系代词只能用 which。 ★位于介词后时,关系代词只能用 which。 4.as 引导定语从句 ★用于限制性定语从句:当先行词前被 such,the same 修饰时,关系代词用 as。 ★用于非限制性定语从句:as 引导的从句可以位于主句前,主句后,或位于主句中间。 ★as 表示说话人对所说话语的看法、态度,具有“正如,像”等意义,常与动词 know,see,hear,remember,say,show,expect,guess 等连用。 As we all know,she is a famous film star. As we had expected,the parents’ meeting worked out very well. 5.where,when,why 引导定语从句 ★where 在从句中作地点状语,它的先行词通常为 place,spot 等表示地点的名词。 ★case,point,condition,situation 等先行词虽不表示具体的地点,但表达一种“地步,境地,形势”,此时也应 用 where 引导从句。 Can you think of a case where you are mistaken by others,but you can’t tell the truth? It seems that their relation has reached the point where they have to divorce. ★when 在从句中作时间状语,先行词通常为 time,year 等表示时间的名词。 ★why 在从句中作原因状语,它的先行词只有 reason。 ★when,where,why 引导从句时,均可与“介词+which”结构换用: Jinan is a city where/in which there are many well-known springs. I’ll never forget the days when/during which we traveled together. That is the reason why/for which she told a lie to her husband. ★先行词虽然是表示时间、地点或原因的名词,但从句中缺少的不是状语,而是主语、宾语时,定语从 句的关系词应为 that/which,切不可选 when,where,why。 There are two points (that/which) we must stick to. Beijing,which is the capital of China,is especially beautiful in autumn. 6.“介词+which/whom”引导定语从句 ★代替 when,where,why 引导定语从句 I forgot the exact place in which/where I had put the bank note. ★介词的使用取决于句子意义的需要,或取决于句中动词、形容词、副词与介词的搭配。 She bought a cellphone,on which she spent over 1,000 dollars.(由“spend...on...”搭配决定) The gas without which we cannot live is called oxygen.(由句意决定) ★“不定代词/数词+of which/whom”引导非限制性定语从句,意为“……中的部分”。 She has three daughters,two of whom work as nurses. I earn only 3,000 yuan a month,half of which is spent on my rent. 7.定语从句中的主谓一致 关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词在人称和数方面与先行词保持一致。 The professor who is lecturing now is from Zhejiang University. 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.The small mountain village 　　　　　　we were volunteer teachers lies in the south of the town. 2.We live in an age 　　　　　　more information is available with greater ease than ever before. 3.Maria has written two novels,both of 　　　　　　have been made into television series. 4.There must be a time in every man’s life 　　　　　　he is in low spirits. 5.The air quality in the city,　　　　　　 is shown in the report,has improved over the past two years. 6.It is the third time that she has won the prize,　　　　　　 has surprised us all. 7.Sales director is a position 　　　　　　communication ability is just as important as sales skills. 8.My boss said the work would be done by October,　　　　　　 personally I doubted very much. 9.When you are in a group,don’t get too close to the boys 　　　　　　behaviour and quality are bad. 10.Australia is one of the few countries,　　　　　　 people drive on the left. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 Have you heard of the story about“Titanic” 1. sounds moving? The story happened on the ocean 2.　　　　　　 the great ship “Titanic” was on her first trip,but also her last one.The ship went down at a place 3.　　　　　　 there were not many icebergs(冰山).The ship broke on the night 4.　　　　　　 there were stars in the sky.None of the people on the ship knew the reason 5.　　　　　　 the great ship should sink(下沉). The weather was fine and the sea was calm. Now evening quietly came into the sky.Suddenly,a strange sound came from down below the ship 6. was flying forward like a great bird.Captain Smith did not find there was something wrong until the engine(引擎) had stopped and he was told that the ship was flooded. As soon as he got the report,he went to the radio room. Another ship“the Californian” 7.　　　　　　 was sailing near did not come for help because the radio was turned off at 11:30 pm when the man on duty had gone to bed. A ship 8.　　　　　　 was sixty miles away got the signals,but it would get there four hours later because it was too slow. If there was anyone 9.　　　　　　 still believed that “Titanic” was not in real trouble,he was wrong.So,the captain decided to help those 10.　　　　　　 were young or weak to leave the ship first. 考点 3　名词性从句 探考点寻规律 考点清单 1.名词性从句的连接词 ★从属连词 that,whether 和 if 引导名词性从句,在从句中不作任何句子成分。 That the coal miners are alive is a wonder.(主语从句) Nobody knows whether/if he likes to learn a foreign language.(宾语从句) The fact is that we should depend on ourselves.(表语从句) There is possibility that he will lose his work.(同位语从句) ★连接代词 who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whomever,whatever,whichever 引导名词性从句,在 从句中作主语、宾语、表语等。 Who will be the chairman hasn’t been decided.(主语从句) I want to know what the manager said at the meeting.(宾语从句) The problem is who can lend us so much money.(表语从句) ★连接副词 when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however 引导名词性从句,在从句中作状语。 Where we shall hold the party is not decided.(主语从句) The policewoman asked me how the car accident happened.(宾语从句) The question is where we can live this night.(表语从句) I have no idea why she gave up the work.(同位语从句) 2.主语从句的常用句型 ★It+系动词+形容词+that... It is quite clear that he will fail in the driving test. ★It+系动词+名词+that... It’s no wonder that you’ve made such great progress. ★It+be+动词-ed+that... It is said that no child was injured in the accident. ★It+特殊动词(seem,happen)+that... It seems to me that he is against my travel plan. It happened that I was at the school gate at that time. 3.名词性从句的特殊用法 ★连接代词(who,what 等)和连接副词(when,where,how 等)引导主语从句时既可以置于句首,也可以放 在句末并用 it 作形式主语。 What we should do next remains unknown. It hasn’t been made clear when the road is open to traffic. ★宾语从句的否定转移:主句谓语动词为 think,believe,suppose 等,并为一般现在时,且主句的主语是第 一人称时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来。 I don’t suppose that’s true. ★whether 与 if 的区别 (1)在宾语从句中 whether,if 可以互换,但当与 or not 连用或者在“be+形容词”之后时只能使用 whether。 I wonder if/whether the news of her death is true or not. I don’t care whether or not he comes. He was not sure whether the manager’s answer was right. (2)作介词宾语或与不定式连用时只能用 whether。 Whether you’ll succeed depends on whether you are honest. I can’t decide whether to go there right now. (3)引导主语从句位于句首时,只能用 whether;若 it 作形式主语,则 if,whether 可互换。 Whether he will be admitted to Peking University hasn’t been known. It hasn’t been known whether/if he will be admitted to Peking University. (4)引导表语从句时只能用 whether。 The problem is whether we have enough money. ★宾语从句的时态 主句为一般现在时时,从句谓语动词可根据实际情况使用任何时态;主句若为一般过去时时,从句谓语 动词要用与过去时态相关的某种时态,但如果从句表示客观事实和真理,则用一般现在时。 4.同位语从句和定语从句的区别 同位语从句相当于名词,用来说明前面名词的内容;定语从句相当于形容词,用来修饰前面的名词。 We are glad at the news that he will win.(同位语从句) We are glad at the news that he told us.(定语从句) 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.It worried her a lot 　　　　　　the hair of her mother-in-law was turning grey. 2.It is still not obvious 　　　　　　the president can do to get rid of the public’s anger. 3.I read about it in some magazine or other;does it matter 　　　　　　it was? 4.Sometimes,　　　　　　 we can’t get seems better than what we have already had. 5.　　　　　　 matters most in improving yourself is to make a manageable plan. 6.I made a promise to myself 　　　　　　this year,my first year in high school,would be different. 7.Jerry did not regret giving the comment but felt 　　　　　　he could have expressed it differently. 8.Before shopping,I make a list of 　　　　　　my kids will need for the coming season. 9.We should consider the students’ request 　　　　　　the school library should provide more science books. 10.There is no possibility 　　　　　　we will pick you up at the airport;the snowstorm has been on. 11.Have you heard of the good news 　　　　　　the severe flood has been under control? 12.　　　　　　 I can’t understand is why so many high school students are unwilling to major in medicine. 13.Some old people still hold the view 　　　　　　women should stay at home to take care of the family. 14.His capability has never been in doubt;the question is 　　　　　　he is prepared to put efforts. 15.From 　　　　　　is written here I can see that a big dance party was held here last evening. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 Many are still playing a mobile game called Travel Frog.You play as the “mother” of a frog who lives alone and enjoys traveling.1.　　　　　　 you need to prepare are food and tools for his trips.The frog will send you postcards while he is away. The game’s popularity may have something to do with 2.　　　　　　 lonely people are these days.Many players have said 3.　　　　　　 the lonely frog is just like them.But playing with the frog helps them forget their loneliness for a while. It seems 4.　　　　　　 loneliness is common today.About 40 percent of American adults say 5.　　　　　　 they are lonely.And in the UK,about one in five people in the country is “always or often lonely”.This is 6.　　　　　　 The Telegraph reported recently. This might be 7.　　　　　　 the UK government declared the country’s first “Minister of Loneliness” in January.The minister’s job is to find 8.　　　　　　 we should help the UK citizens feel less lonely. This loneliness problem may be partly due to 9. social media does.When we see pictures of friends having fun or posting selfies(自拍) without us,we may compare their “perfect” lives with our own and feel inferior(较差的) and lonely. But we should remember 10.　　　　　　 no one is bound(注定) to be lonely.As a poet once wrote,“No man is an island,entire of itself;every man is a piece of the continent(陆地),a part of the main.” 考点 4　状语从句 探考点寻规律 考点清单 1.时间状语从句 ★常用连词:when,before/after,(not)until,while(当……时候),as soon as,(ever)since,the moment(一…… 就……),every/each time(每次),as,immediately(一……就……),whenever,next time,by the time(到……时 候),hardly...when...(一……就……),no sooner...than...(一……就……) ★时间状语从句的常用句型 (1)not...until/till...“直到……才……”。 He didn’t go to bed until he finished all his homework. (2)It will be/was+一段时间+before...“过多长时间才……”。 It will be long before I come back from Japan. (3)It+was+not long before...“不久……就……”。 It was not long before we finished the project. (4)It is/has been+一段时间+since...“自从……以来多长时间了”。 It is three years since he left home. (5)No sooner+had+主语+过去分词+than...(正常语序:主语+had no sooner+过去分词+than...)“一…… 就……”。 No sooner had I begun to talk than he rang off.=I had no sooner begun to talk than he rang off. (6)Hardly+had+主语+过去分词+when...(正常语序:主语+had hardly+过去分词+when...)“一…… 就……”。 Hardly had we fallen asleep when the bell rang.=We had hardly fallen asleep when the bell rang. 注意:(5)和(6)这两个句型中,从句用一般过去时,主句用过去完成时。 ★while 与 when 引导时间状语从句 while 引导的时间状语从句中,谓语动词必须是延续性动词或表示状态的动词,when 引导的时间状语 从句的谓语动词可以是延续性或非延续性动词。 Please listen to me while/when I read the article. Mother was cooking when I got home. ★表示“一……就……”的连词:as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment I’ll give you an answer the moment I finish reading your paper. 2.地点状语从句 ★常用连词:where,wherever,anywhere,everywhere 等。 Where there is a will,there is a way. You can go anywhere you like. Everywhere you go,you should do your work well. ★与定语从句的区别 where 引导定语从句时,从句前有一个表示地点的词作先行词,而状语从句前则没有先行词。 Go back where you came from.(地点状语从句) Go back to the village where you came from.(定语从句) 3.原因状语从句 ★常用连词:because,as,since,now that because 语气较强,用以回答 why 的问句;as 语气较弱,所表达的原因比较明显;since 语气较弱,常表示 对方已知的事实,相当于汉语中的“既然”,since 从句多置于主句之前;now that 主要用于口语,常译为 “既然”。 Because it is raining hard,let’s take a taxi. As it was a public holiday,all the shops were closed. Since you are free tonight,why not play chess with me? Now that you have come,you may as well stay. 4.目的状语从句 ★常用连词:in order that,so that in order that 可置于句首或句尾,而 so that 往往只置于句尾;目的状语从句中常使用 may/might/will/would/shall/should/can/could 等情态动词。 I hurried through my work so that I could be in time for his birthday party. In order that you can get the job,you must prepare for the interview. 5.结果状语从句 ★常用连词:so that,so,so...that...,such...that... so that 除了引导目的状语从句,还可以引导结果状语从句,that 可省略。 We moved to the country so that we were away from the noisy city. ★常用句型 (1)“so+形容词/副词+that...”意为“如此……以至于……”。 He drove so carelessly that he almost lost his life. (2)“such+(a/an)+形容词+可数名词单数/复数/不可数名词+that...”意为“如此……以至于……”。 The meeting was such a success that it won all praises. 6.条件状语从句 ★常用连词:if,unless,in case,as/so long as,on condition that,once 等。 (1)由 in case 引导,意为“如果,假使”。 In case he comes,tell him to wait a moment. In case anything important happens,please call me up. (2)由 as/so long as/on condition that 引导,意为“只要”。 As long as you’re happy,it doesn’t matter what you do. (3)由 once 引导,意为“一旦,一……就”。 Once you show any fear,the dog will attack you. 7.让步状语从句 ★常用连词:though,although,这两个连词都表示“虽然,尽管”之意,二者都可与 yet,still 连用,但不能与 but 连用。 ★其他表示让步意义的状语从句 (1)由 as/though 引导,其结构为:形容词/副词/名词+as/though+主语+谓语。注意:although 不可以用于 这种倒装结构。 Young as/though he is,he knows a lot. 注意:上述句型中,若表语是可数名词单数,则需省略名词前的冠词。 Child as/though he was,he knew what he should do. (2)由 even if/even though 引导,表示“即使,纵使”之意。 Even if he is poor,she loves him. (3)由 whether...or...引导,表示“不论是否,不管是……还是……”之意。 Whether you believe it or not,it’s true. (4)由“no matter+疑问词”或“疑问词-ever”引导,表示“无论……都,不管……都”,它们引导的让步状语 从句可以互换。 No matter what happened,he would not mind.=Whatever happened,he would not mind. (5)由 while 引导,意为“虽然,尽管”。 While I admit his good points,I can see his shortcomings. 8.方式状语从句 ★由 as 引导,表示“正如,像……”。 Will you do the experiment as I am doing? ★由 as if/as though 引导,表示“似乎,好像”。从句中用陈述语气表示可能性很大,用虚拟语气表示可能 性很小。 She behaved as if she were the boss. It looks as if your mother is tired. 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.I don’t believe we’ve met before,　　　　　　 I must say you do look familiar. 2.The crew had hardly got off the plane 　　　　　　it began to rain cats and dogs. 3.Everything was placed exactly 　　　　　　he wanted it for the competition of square dances. 4.The consumer smiled politely 　　　　　　the girl apologized for her drunken friends. 5.　　　　　　 I always felt I would win the calligraphy contest,I never thought I would get first prize. 6.This kind of pain-killing medicine may work more effectively 　　　　　　you drink some hot water after taking it. 7.All people,　　　　　　 they are old or young,are beginning to pay much attention to their health. 8.The old passenger asked Lucy to move to another chair 　　　　　　he wanted to sit next to his wife. 9.The little kids in this kindergarten won’t go to sleep 　　　　　　the teacher gives each a kiss. 10.My nephew was so excited 　　　　　　she received the admission letter from Harvard University. 11.Because of the heavy traffic,it was already time for lunch break 　　　　　　she got to her office. 12.Today,we will begin 　　　　　　we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. 13.John thinks it won’t be long 　　　　　　he is ready for his great journey to Europe. 14.Unsatisfied 　　　　　　he was with the payment,he decided to continue to work there. 15.　　　　　　 I really don’t like art,I find the young girl’s works impressive. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 1.　　　　　　 I hated dinner parties,I decided to give another try because I’m in London.I did so 2.　　　　　　 dinner parties in London were very different from those back in New York.Also,my friend Carla’s invitation encouraged me.There,“I’m having a dinner party” means:“I’m booking a table for 12 at a restaurant;you can’t afford and we’ll be sharing the money,no matter 3.　　　　　　 you eat.” Worse,in New York someone always leaves 4.　　　　　　 the bill arrives.They’ll throw down cash— half of 5. they owe,and then people like me,6. don’t drink,end up paying even more.But 7.　　　　　　 I try to use the same trick,the hostess will be angry.And it’s not like I can say I have somewhere to go—everyone knows I have nowhere to go. But in London,dinner parties are in people’s homes.Not only that,the guests are an interesting mix.8. I went to one last time,the guests were from France and Japan.9.　　　　　　 I arrived,I felt it was like a gathering at the United Nations.In New York,the mix is less striking.It’s like a gathering at a well-known department store. For New Yorkers,people like talking about other parts of the world 10.　　　　　　 they are free.They are interested in new things. 考点 5　特殊句式(强调句、倒装句、省略句、there be 句 型) 探考点寻规律 考点清单 1.强调句 ★基本句型:It is/was+被强调部分+that/who/whom+剩余部分。 该结构可以用来强调句中的主语、宾语、同位语、状语等。 I didn’t realize my mistakes until you told me yesterday. It was I that/who didn’t realize my mistakes until you told me yesterday.(强调主语) It was my mistakes that I didn’t realize until you told me yesterday.(强调宾语) It was not until you told me yesterday that I realized my mistakes.(强调状语) ★引导词运用: 被强调部分是人时,可用 who/whom/that;强调时间、地点、原因状语时使用 that,而不使用 when,where,why。 It is in Shanghai that the young scientists will get together. It was Mum that/who sent me the most lovely toy. ★时态运用: 原句是现在或将来各种时态,用 is;原句是过去时态,则用 was。 ★人称和数的运用: 被强调部分如果是句子主语,that/who 之后的谓语动词在人称和数上应与句子的主语保持一致。 It is I that/who am your true friend. It is they that/who are often praised by the teacher. ★其他强调方式: (1)强调谓语:助动词 do/does/did+动词原形。 Do come early to school tomorrow morning. She did tell me about her address,but I forgot it. She does come from an African country. (2)wh-ever/however 构成的疑问强调: 在疑问词后面加上 ever 可以对疑问句进行强调,常译为“究竟、到底”。 Whatever are you going to do this evening? 2.倒装句 ★部分倒装:部分倒装指将句中的助动词(do,have 等)、系动词(be)或情态动词(can,may,must 等)置于 主语之前。常见的有以下几种: (1)否定词 never,seldom,hardly,little,not,nowhere,by no means(决不),at no time(任何时候都不),on no account(决不),neither,nor 等放在句首时。 Seldom does the manager go to work on foot. By no means shall we give up our faith. (2)具有否定意义的连词 not only...but also...,no sooner...than...,hardly...when...,not until...位于句首时。 Not only is he clever but also he works hard. (3)only 在句首修饰状语(副词、介词短语、状语从句)时。 Only in this way will you persuade him to accept our plan. Only when you reach eighteen can you join the army. (4)so,neither,nor 位于句首表示“也如此”“也不”时。 I loved this movie.So did all my friends. (5)在 so/such...that...(如此……以至于……)句型中,当 so,such 及其所修饰成分位于句首时。 So angry was the chairman that he could not speak any words at the meeting. ★完全倒装 完全倒装指把句子的谓语全部提到主语之前。主要有以下几种情况: (1)句首有表示方位或时间的副词(here,there,out,in,on,off,up,down,away,back,now,then)时。 Now comes your turn. Hearing the baby crying,out rushed the mother. 注意:如果主语是人称代词则不倒装。 (2)句首是表示地点、时间的介词短语时。 In front of the house stands a tall tree. (3)作表语的分词(短语)或形容词(短语)位于句首时。 Lying on the floor was a wounded boy. Present at the discussion were several health experts. (4)such 位于句首时。 Such is my father,a very strict man. 3.省略句 ★宾语从句中的省略 在两个或两个以上的并列宾语从句中,第一个连词 that 可省略,其余的则不可省略;在形容词 sure,glad,certain,happy 等后所接的宾语从句中,连词 that 可省略。 He said (that) he felt happy and that he decided to stay here another week. I am very happy (that) I have passed the driving test. ★定语从句中的省略 可以省略作宾语的关系代词。 The first thing (that) I’m going to do is take a long vacation! ★状语从句中的省略 在表示时间、条件、地点、比较、方式或让步的状语从句中,如果谓语动词是 be,从句的主语和主句 的主语一致,或主语是 it 时,常省略主语和部分谓语。 Once (they are) injured,they must be sent to hospital. Make some changes when (it is) necessary. The host of the meeting hurried away as if (he was) angry. 4.there be 句型 ★there be 句型的时态变化 There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.(一般现在时) There was a concert at the National Theatre last night.(一般过去时) There will be a meeting in the lecture room tomorrow morning.(一般将来时) He said that there was going to be an English contest the next Friday.(过去将来时) There have been no letters from my parents since I left home two years ago.(现在完成时) ★there be 句型的其他形式 (1)There must be...肯定有……　There can’t be...不可能有…… (2)There may be...可能有……　There used to be...曾经有过…… (3)There must/may have been...肯定/可能已经有过…… (4)There ought to be....应该有…… (5)There be likely to be...可能有…… (6)There happens/happened to be...碰巧有…… (7) There appears/appeared/seems/seemed to be...似乎有…… There may be/is likely to be a foreign film at the cinema this evening. There can be no doubt about this case. ★there lie/exist...句型 除了 be 以外,下列表示存在概念的不及物动词 stand/lie/live/happen/remain/exist 等,也可以用于 there be 句型。 There lived a famous country doctor,but he went abroad later. There lies a low-price hospital in my hometown. ★there be 句型的主谓一致 如果有两个或两个以上的主语时,be 动词的单复数形式取决于与它最近的名词。 There is a pen,two books,and many pencils on the desk. There are two magazines and a pen on the desk. 考点对练 单句语法填空 1.It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do 　　　　　　benefits our work most. 2.Film has a much shorter history,especially when 　　　　　(compare) to such art forms as music and painting. 3.Not until he retired from teaching three years ago 　　　　　　(do) he consider having a holiday abroad. 4.Never before 　　　　　　the coach seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert. 5.When 　　　　　　(ask) about how to fight against COVID-19,Mr.Zhong said further separation and wearing masks are still needed. 6.At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and Jialing River 　　　　　　(lie) Chongqing,one of the largest cities in China. 7.Only after Mary read her composition the second time 　　　　　　(do) she notice the spelling mistake. 8.John’s success has nothing to do with good luck.It is years of hard work 　　　　　　has made him what he is today. 9.So severe was the flood 　　　　　　the local government had to start the first degree emergency plan. 10.The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise,if 　　　　　　(carry) out regularly,can improve our health. 课课练随堂清 语法填空 Eating “cleaner” meat Where does the meat on our table come from?It is from livestock like chickens and ducks 1.　　　　　　 meat comes.Hardly has anyone 2.　　　　　　 (know) that meat can also be made in a lab,however.US company just has announced that lab-grown meat could be on some restaurant menus in the US by the end of 2018.There will 3.　　　　　　(be) such meats like chicken nuggets(鸡块),sausage and goose gras(鹅 肝). It was in 2013 4.　　　　　　 the first clean meat burger was produced.But it was said to taste dry.How does clean meat taste now?There 5.　　　　　　 (be) many clean meat supporters saying that it tastes just like traditional meat. Among other advantages of clean meat 6.　　　　　　 (be) its healthier quality.Meat producers can control what type of fat goes into the meat.7.　　　　　　 will be more healthy fats in clean meat.8.　　　　　　 is these fats that are good for people’s hearts. Another advantage is that clean meat 9.　　　　　　(do) help to solve global warming.According to The Washington Post,about 14.5 percent of the planet’s greenhouse gas emissions(排放) come from raising livestock.That’s more than the emissions from every car,train,ship and airplane in the world combined.It’s predicted that 10.　　　　　　 by turning to clean meat can green gas emissions be lowered by 96 percent. 小册子 一、高考词汇再升级——聚焦陌生阅读词 ——批量记忆,高效学记,查漏补缺,破除阅读障碍 Unit 1 英译汉。 1.abandon v.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.abnormal adj.　　　　　　　　　　 3.absolutely adv. 　　　　　　　 4.abstract adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 5.academic adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　 6.access n. 　　　　　　　　 7.accommodation n. 　　　　　　　 8.accompany v. 　　　　　　　 9.accountant n. 　　　　　　　 10.accurate adj. 　　　　　　　 11.acknowledge v. 　　　　　　　 12.acquire v. 　　　　　　　 13.adaptation n. 　　　　　　　 14.addicted adj. 　　　　　　　 15.additional adj. 　　　　　　　 16.administration n. 　　　　　　　 17.adopt v. 　　　　　　　 18.adorable adj. 　　　　　　　 19.advocate v.　　　　　　　n.　　　　 20.agency n. 　　　　　　　　 21.agenda n. 　　　　　　　 22.agreeable adj. 　　　　　　　 23.alcohol n. 　　　　　　　 24.allowance n. 　　　　　　　 25.alternative adj.　　　　 　n.　　　　  26.amateur adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 27.ambitious adj. 　　　　　　　 28.ambulance n. 　　　　　　　 29.angle n. 　　　　　　　 30.annual adj. 　　　　　　　 31.anticipate v. 　　　　　　　 32.antique n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　 33.apparently adv. 　　　　　　　 34.appealing adj. 　　　　　　　 35.appropriate adj. 　　　　　　　 36.approval n. 　　　　　　　 37.arch n. 　　　　　　　 38.architect n. 　　　　　　　 39.artificial adj. 　　　　　　　 40.aspect n. 　　　　　　　 41.assess v. 　　　　　　　 42.association n. 　　　　　　　 43.assumption n. 　　　　　　　 44.astronomer n. 　　　　　　　 45.athletic adj. 　　　　　　　 46.attainable adj. 　　　　　　　 47.automatic adj. 　　　　　　　 48.autonomous adj. 　　　　　　　 49.availability n. 　　　　　　　 50.barbecue n.　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.放弃;抛弃　2.反常的,变态的　3.完全地;绝对地　4.抽象的　摘要　5.学术的　大学教师 6.通道;入口;使用……的机会　7.住处;食宿　8.陪伴;为……伴奏　9.会计　10.精确的,准确的 11.承认;答谢　12.取得,获得　13.适应;改编(作品)　14.有瘾的;沉迷的　15.额外的,附加的　16.管理, 行政部门　17.收养;采用　18.可爱的　19.提倡　拥护者　20.代理处;机构　21.议程(表)　22.令人愉 快的;欣然同意的　23.酒;酒精　24.津贴;零用钱　25.可供替代的　供选择的事物　26.业余的　业余 爱好者　27.有野心的;有雄心的　28.救护车　29.角度　30.每年的,年度的　31.预料;预期 32.古董　古老的　33.显然;很明显　34.有吸引力的　35.恰当的,合适的　36.赞成,批准　37.拱门　 38.建筑师　39.人造的,人工的　40.方面;外观　41.评价;估定　42.协会;社团;交往　43.假定;假设 44.天文学家　45.健壮的;体育运动的　46.可得到的　47.自动的;无意识的　48.自治的;自主的 49.可利用;可用性　50.烤肉;烤架　烧烤 Unit 2 英译汉。 1.barely adv.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.unbearable adj.　　　　　　　　　　 3.biological adj. 　　　　　　　 4.bond n.　　　　　　　v.　　　　　　 5.bonus n. 　　　　　　　 6.boost v. 　　　　　　　 7.botanical adj. 　　　　　　　 8.bounce v. 　　　　　　　 9.brochure n. 　　　　　　　 10.budget n. 　　　　　　　 11.calendar n. 　　　　　　　 12.calligraphy n. 　　　　　　　 13.campaign n.　　　　　　v.　　　　 14.capability n. 　　　　　　　　 15.capacity n. 　　　　　　　 16.capsule n. 　　　　　　　 17.carbon n. 　　　　　　　 18.category n. 　　　　　　　 19.celebrity n. 　　　　　　　 20.certificate n.　　　　　　 v.　　　　　 21.characteristic adj. 　　　 　n.(pl.) 　　　  22.discharge v. 　　　　　　　　 23.chorus n. 　　　　　　　 24.circuit n.　　　　　　v.　　　　　　 25.circumstance n. 　　　　　　　 26.circus n. 　　　　　　　 27.cite v. 　　　　　　　 28.civil adj. 　　　　　　　 29.civilian n. 　　　　　　　 30.claim v./ n. 　　　　　　　 31.clarify v. 　　　　　　　 32.clay n. 　　　　　　　 33.client n. 　　　　　　　 34.collapse v./ n. 　　　　　　　 35.column n. 　　　　　　　 36.combination n. 　　　　　　　 37.comedy n. 　　　　　　　 38.comic adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　　 39.commercial adj. 　　　　　　　 40.commitment n. 　　　　　　　 41.comparison n. 　　　　　　　 42.competence n. 　　　　　　　 43.complex adj. 　　　　　　　 44.complicated adj. 　　　　　　　 45.component n. 　　　　　　　 46.compose v. 　　　　　　　 47.comprehension n. 　　　　　　　 48.comprehensive adj. 　　　　　　　 49.comprise n./ v. 　　　　　　　 50.concept n. 　　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.仅仅;几乎没有　2.不能容忍的　3.生物学的　4.纽带;关系　结合　5.津贴;奖金;红利　6.使增 长;使兴旺;增长;提高　7.植物学的　8.反弹;跳起　9.小册子　10.预算　11.日历;挂历　12.书法(艺 术)　13.运动;战役　参加运动　14.能力;才能　15.容量;领悟力　16.(药剂)胶囊;太空舱　17.碳;复写 纸　18.种类,类别　19.名人;著名　20.证明;证书　发给证书　21.典型的;特有的　特点;特色　22.释 放　23.合唱曲;合唱团　24.环形(道);电路　巡回　25.情况;境况　26.马戏团;马戏表演 27.引证;引用　28.公民的;民用的　29.平民,百姓　30.声称;要求;索取;认领　31.澄清;阐明　32.黏土; 泥土　33.客户;委托人　34.倒塌;倒闭;崩溃　35.柱;(书页上的) 栏　36.结合;联合　37.喜剧(片) 38.喜剧的　喜剧演员;连环画册　39.商业的　40.承诺;奉献　41.比较;对比　42.能力,胜任 43.复杂的;复合的　44.复杂的;难懂的　45.组成部分;成分　46.组成,构成;作曲;创作　47.理解(力) 48.综合的;有理解力的　49.妥协;让步　50.概念;观念 Unit 3 英译汉。 1.concerning prep.　　　　　　　　　　　2.concrete adj.　　　　　　　n.　　　　　 3.confirm v. 　　　　　　　 4.conflict n.　　 　　　　　　　 5.Confucianism n. 　　　　　　　 6.confusion n. 　　　　　　　 7.consequence n. 　　　　　　　 8.conservation n. 　　　　　　　 9.considerate adj. 　　　　　　　 10.consistent adj. 　　　　　　　 11.constitution n. 　　　　　　　 12.consultant n. 　　　　　　　 13.consultation n. 　　　　　　　 14.consumption n.　　　　　　　 15.contact n./ v. 　　　　　　　 16.contemporary adj.　　　　　 n.　　　　  17.continent n. 　　　　　　　 18.contract n. 　　　　　　　 19.contradictory adj. 　　　　　　　 20.contrary n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　 21.contrast n. 　　　　　　　 22.conventional adj. 　　　　　　　 23.cooperate v. 　　　　　　　 24.core n.　　　　　　　 adj.　　　　　　 25.corporation n. 　　　　　　　 26.correspond v. 　　　　　　　 27.costume n.　　　　　　v.　　　　 28.council n. 　　　　　　 29.courageous adj. 　　　　　　　 30.coverage n. 　　　　　　　 31.crash v./ n. 　　　　　　　 32.crayon n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 33.creature n. 　　　　　　　 34.credit n. 　　　　　　　 35.crisis n. 　　　　　　　 36.criterion n.(pl.criteria)　　　　　 37.critical adj. 　　　　　　　 38.criticis(z)e v. 　　　　　　　 39.crucial adj. 　　　　　　　 40.cuisine n. 　　　　　　　 41.decent adj. 　　　　　　　 42.definitely adv. 　　　　　　　 43.define v. 　　　　　　　 44.deletion n. 　　　　　　　 45.delicate adj. 　　　　　　　 46.demonstrate v. 　　　　　　　 47.dependent adj. 　　　　　　　 48.depress v. 　　　　　　　 49.detect v. 　　　　　　　 50.device n. 　　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.关于;涉及　2.具体的　混凝土　3.证实,证明　4.冲突;争执　5.儒教;孔子学说　6.困惑;混淆 7.结果;后果　8.保存;保护　9.体贴的;考虑周到的　10.一致的;连续的　11.宪法,章程　12.顾问;会诊 医师　13.咨询;商讨　14.消耗(量);消费　15.联系,联络　16.当代的;现代的　同代(辈)人　17.大陆;州　 18.合同;契约　19.相矛盾的,对立的　20.相反;对立面　相反的　21.明显的差异;对照 22.惯例的;传统的　23.合作;协作　24.果心;核心;要点　主要的;核心的　25.公司;企业　26.一致,符 合;通信　27.戏装,服装　给某人穿衣服　28.地方议会;委员会　29.勇敢的;无畏的　30.新闻报道;覆 盖范围　31.碰撞,撞击　32.蜡笔;彩色铅笔　用蜡笔画　33.生物;动物　34.信用;信贷　35.危机;危急 关头　36.标准,准则　37.批评的;挑剔的;关键的　38.批评;指责　39.至关重要的;关键性的 40.菜肴;烹饪　41.像样的;正派的;得体的　42.肯定;当然　43.下定义;阐明;明确;界定　44.删除　45. 易损的,易碎的;精致的　46.证明;演示　47.依靠的;依赖的　48.使沮丧;使消沉　49.发现;查明　50.装 置;设备;方法 Unit 4 英译汉。 1.dignity n.　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 　2.dimension n.　　　　　　　　　　 3.discipline n.　　　　　　　v.　　　　　 4.discrimination n. 　　　　　　　　 5.distinct adj. 　　　　　　　 6.distinguish v. 　　　　　　　 7.distribution n. 　　　　　　　 8.dizzy adj. 　　　　　　　 9.domain n. 　　　　　　　 10.domestic adj. 　　　　　　　 11.dominate v. 　　　　　　　 12.dramatic adj. 　　　　　　　 13.duration n. 　　　　　　　 14.dynamic adj.　　　　 　n.　　　　  15.ecological adj. 　　　　　　　 16.efficient adj. 　　　　　　　 17.elegant adj. 　　　　　　　 18.emerge v. 　　　　　　　 19.emergency n. 　　　　　　　 20.emphasis n. 　　　　　　　 21.encounter v. 　　　　　　　 22.enhance v. 　　　　　　　 23.enormous adj. 　　　　　　　 24.enterprise n. 　　　　　　　 25.entry n. 　　　　　　　 26.episode n. 　　　　　　　 27.essential adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　　 28.establish v. 　　　　　　 29.estate n. 　　　　　　　 30.estimate n.　　　　　　v.　　　　　 31.evaluation n. 　　　　　　　 32.evidence n. 　　　　　　　 33.exceptional adj. 　　　　　　　 34.expand v. 　　　　　　　 35.expansion n. 　　　　　　　 36.explosion n. 　　　　　　　 37.exposure n. 　　　　　　　 38.extend v. 　　　　　　　 39.extension n. 　　　　　　　 40.extent n. 　　　　　　　 41.external adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　　 42.extinction n. 　　　　　　　　 43.extreme adj. 　　　　　　　 44.fabric n. 　　　　　　　 45.facilitate v. 　　　　　　　 46.facility n. 　　　　　　　 47.fantasy n. 　　　　　　　 48.feature n.　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 49.fibre (fiber) n. 　　　　　　　 50.fiction n. 　　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.庄严,尊严　2.维,维度;方面　3.纪律;训练　严格要求　4.歧视　5.清晰的;不同的　6.区分,辨 别　7.分配;分布;分发　8.头晕目眩的　9.领域,范围;领土　10.本国的;国内的;家用的　11.支配;控制　 12.戏剧的;给人印象深刻的　13.持续时间;期间　14.充满活力的;精力充沛的　动力　15.生态的;生 态学的　16.效率高的　17.优雅的;雅致的　18.出现,显露　19.紧急情况;突发事件　20.强调;重读　 21.遭遇;邂逅　22.提高;增强　23.巨大的;极大的　24.公司;事业单位　25.进入;参赛人数;条目　 26.(电视剧等)一集　27.必不可少的;极其重要的　必需品　28.建立;创立　29.个人财产;庄园　30.估 计　估价　31.评价;评审　32.证据,证明　33.杰出的;特别的　34.扩大;扩展　35.扩张;扩大　36.爆 炸;激增　37.揭露;(在电视等上)亮相　38.伸长;延伸　39.扩大,延伸　40.程度;范围　41.外部的　外 面;外观　42.灭绝,消亡　43.严重的;极端的　44.织物;布料　45.促进;促使　46.设施;设备　47.幻想, 想象　48.特色;特征;专题节目　以……为特色　49.纤维;纤维制品　50.小说;虚构的事 Unit 5 英译汉。 1.financial adj. 　　　　　　　　　　 　2.flavour(flavor) n.　　　　　　v.　　　　　 3.fluency n. 　　　　　　　 4.foundation n.　 　　　　　　　　 5.fountain n. 　　　　　　　 6.frankly adv. 　　　　　　　 7.frequently adv. 　　　　　　　 8.friction n. 　　　　　　　 9.frontier n. 　　　　　　　 10.fundamental adj. 　　　　　　　 11.generate v. 　　　　　　　 12.genius n. 　　　　　　　 13.genuine adj. 　　　　　　　 14.geometry n. 　　　　　　　 15.grand adj. 　　　　　　　 16.guarantee v .　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 17.guilty adj. 　　　　　　　 18.gymnastics n. 　　　　　　　 19.harmonious adj. 　　　　　　　 20.harmony n. 　　　　　　　 21.herb n. 　　　　　　　 22.heroine n. 　　　　　　　 23.highlight v.　　　　　　n.　　　　 24.humble adj.　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 25.hydrogen n. 　　　　　　　 26.ideal adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 27.identical adj. 　　　　　　　 28.identify v. 　　　　　　　 29.identity n. 　　　　　　　 30.ignore v. 　　　　　　　 31.illustrate v. 　　　　　　　 32.incredible adj. 　　　　　　　 33.indicate v. 　　　　　　　 34.individual adj.　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 35.infection n. 　　　　　　　 36.infer v. 　　　　　　　 37.initial adj. 　　　　　　　 38.initiative n. 　　　　　　　 39.innocence n. 　　　　　　　 40.innovation n. 　　　　　　　 41.insight n. 　　　　　　　 42.inspection n. 　　　　　　　 43.institution n. 　　　　　　　 44.insurance n. 　　　　　　　 45.integrate v. 　　　　　　　 46.integrity n. 　　　　　　　 47.intelligent adj. 　　　　　　　 48.intense adj. 　　　　　　　 49.interaction n. 　　　　　　　 50.internal adj. 　　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.财政的;金融的　2.滋味　给……调味　3.流利;流畅　4.地基;基础;根据　5.泉水;喷泉　6.坦率 地;直率地　7.频繁地;经常　8.摩擦(力)　9.边境;新领域　10.基础的;根本的　11.产生;引起　12.天 才;天才人物　13.真的;真诚的　14.几何(学)　15.宏伟的;壮丽的　16.保证;担保　保修单 17.内疚的;惭愧的　18.体操;体操训练　19.和谐的;协调的　20.和谐;融洽　21.药草;草本植物 22.女英雄;女主角　23.突出;强调　最好的部分　24.谦逊的;卑微的　使感到卑微　25.氢(气) 26.理想的　完美的人(事)　27.相同的;同一的　28.确认,认出;鉴定　29.身份;特征;相同　30.忽视;不 理会　31.加插图于;(示例、图画)说明,解释　32.难以置信的;极好的　33.指示;表明;暗示　34.单独 的;独特的　个人　35.传染;传染病　36.推断;推理　37.最初的;初期的　38.倡议;新方案　39.清白;无 辜;天真;单纯　40.创新;改革　41.洞察力;领悟　42.视察;检查　43.机构;制度　44.保险(业);保险费　 45.合并,成为一体　46.诚实正直;完整　47.聪明的;智力的　48.强烈的;紧张的　49.相互影响;交互作 用　50.内部的;里面的 Unit 6 英译汉。 1.interpret v.　 　　　　　　　　　　 　2.interrupt v.　　　　　　　　　　 3.intervention n. 　　　　　　　 4.investigate v. 　　　　　　　 5.investment n. 　　　　　　　 6.issue n.　　　　　　　v.　　　　　　 7.joint adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　　 8.justify v. 　　　　　　 9.landscape n.　　　　 　v.　　　　 10.leisure n. 　　　　　　 11.liberation n. 　　　　　　　 12.liberty n. 　　　　　　　 13.literally adv. 　　　　　　　 14.logical adj. 　　　　　　　 15.lunar adj. 　　　　　　　 16.luxury n. 　　　　　　　 17.maintain v. 　　　　　　　 18.massive adj. 　　　　　　　 19.mature adj. 　　　　　　　 20.maximum adj.　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 21.mechanic n. 　　　　　　　 22.medium(pl.media) adj.　　　 　 n.　　　  23.memorial adj.　　　　 　n.　　　　  24.merciful adj. 　　　　　　 25.minimum adj.　　　　 　n.　　　　  26.mission n. 　　　　　　 27.mode n. 　　　　　　　 28.motion n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 29.motive n. 　　　　　　　 30.multiple adj.　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 31.narrowly adv. 　　　　　　　 32.negotiate v. 　　　　　　　 33.nuclear adj. 　　　　　　　 34.nutrient n. 　　　　　　　 35.objective n.　　　　 　adj.　　　　  36.occupation n. 　　　　　　 37.occurrence n. 　　　　　　　 38.opponent n. 　　　　　　　 39.oppose v. 　　　　　　　 40.optimism n. 　　　　　　　 41.option n. 　　　　　　　 42.orbit n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 43.organ n. 　　　　　　　 44.organic adj. 　　　　　　　 45.origin n. 　　　　　　　 46.original adj.　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 47.output n.　　　　　　v.　　　　　 48.panel n. 　　　　　　 49.participate v. 　　　　　　　 50.passion n. 　　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.说明;口译　2.使中断;插嘴　3.干涉;干预　4.研究;调查　5.投资;投资额　6.议题;问题;发行物　 发行,出版　7.联合的;共同的　关节　8.证明……正确;对……作出解释　9.风景　美化……的环境　 10.闲暇;空闲　11.解放　12.自由　13.按字面;字面上　14.符合逻辑的;合乎常理的　15.月球的 16.奢侈;奢侈品　17.维持;保持;维修　18.大而重的;结实的　19.成熟的　20.最多的;最大极限的　最 大量　21.机械师;技工;机械学　22.中等的;中号的　媒介;手段　23.纪念的　纪念物;纪念碑 24.仁慈的;宽容的　25.最低的;最小的　最小量(数)　26.代表团;使命;任务　27.方式;风格;模式　28. 运动;动作　做动作,示意　29.动机;原因　30.数量多的　倍数　31.勉强地;狭隘地　32.谈判,协商　 33.核能的;核心的　34.营养素;营养物　35.目标;目的;宾语　客观的　36.职业;占领　37.发生;发生的 事情　38.对手;竞争者　39.反对;抵制　40.乐观;乐观主义　41.选择;选择权　42.轨道　沿轨道运行　 43.器官;风琴　44.有机的;绿色的;器官的　45.起源;出身　46.最初的;原创的　原作;原稿 47.产量;输出　输出　48.嵌板;陪审团;专家小组　49.参加,参与　50.强烈的情感;强烈的爱 Unit 7 英译汉。 1.passive adj.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.pattern n.　 　　　　　　　　　 3.peak n.　　　　　　　v.　　　　　 4.perceive v. 　　　　　　　　 5.permanent adj. 　　　　　　　 6.impersonal adj. 　　　　　　　 7.pessimistic adj. 　　　　　　　 8.phenomenon n.(pl.phenomena) 　　　　 9.philosophy n. 　　　　　　　 10.plain adj. 　　　　　　　 11.plot n. 　　　　　　　 12.plug n.　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 13.polish v. 　　　　　　　 14.pose v.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 15.possession n. 　　　　　　　 16.postpone v. 　　　　　　　 17.potential adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　 18.precisely adv. 　　　　　　 19.prejudice n. 　　　　　　　 20.premier adj.　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 21.presentation n. 　　　　　　　 22.preserve v. 　　　　　　　 23.previously adv. 　　　　　　　 24.primary adj. 　　　　　　　 25.primitive adj. 　　　　　　　 26.principle n. 　　　　　　　 27.prior adj. 　　　　　　　 28.priority n. 　　　　　　　 29.proceed v. 　　　　　　　 30.profile n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 31.prohibit v. 　　　　　　　 32.property n. 　　　　　　　 33.proposal n. 　　　　　　　 34.prospect n. 　　　　　　　 35.protein n. 　　　　　　　 36.protest n. 　　　　　　　 37.psychology n. 　　　　　　　 38.pursue v. 　　　　　　　 39.qualification n. 　　　　　　　 40.quote v./ n. 　　　　　　　 41.radiation n. 　　　　　　　 42.radium n. 　　　　　　　 43.random adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　 44.rating n. 　　　　　　 45.realistic adj. 　　　　　　　 46.receipt n. 　　　　　　　 47.recipe n. 　　　　　　　 48.recreation n. 　　　　　　　 49.reference n. 　　　　　　　 50.reform v./n. 　　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.被动的;消极的　2.式样;模型　3.山峰　达到高峰　4.注意到;察觉　5.永久的,持久的　6.缺乏 人情味的;冷淡的　7.悲观的;悲观主义的　8.现象　9.哲学　10.清楚的;简朴的　11.小块土地;(小 说、电影)情节　12.塞子;(电)插头　塞住　13.擦亮;润色　14.摆好姿势;姿势　15.拥有;占有;财产　 16.延迟;使延期　17.潜在的,可能的　可能性;潜力　18.准确地;精确地　19.偏见,成见　20.首要的 总理,首相　21.授予;展示;介绍　22.保护;保留;保存　23.先前;以前　24.主要的;初级的　25.原始的; 落后的　26.原则;原理;行为准则　27.先前的;较早的;优先的　28.优先(权);优先事项　29.继续做(或 从事、进行)　30.侧面轮廓　概述　31.禁止;阻止　32.所有物;财产(物);不动产;房地产　33.提议;建 议;求婚　34.希望;前景;前途　35.蛋白质　36.抗议;抗议书　37.心理学;心理　38.追求;致力于　39. 资格;资格证书　40.引用;引述　41.辐射,放射　42.镭　43.随意的,随机的　随意,随机 44.等级;收视(听)率;(电影)分级　45.现实的;实际的;逼真的　46.接收;收据;收条　47.食谱;烹饪法 48.娱乐;消遣　49.提及,涉及;参考;查阅　50.改革;改进 Unit 8 英译汉。 1.region n.　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.register v.　　　　　　　n.　　　　　　 3.release v./n. 　　　　　　　 4.relevant adj.　　　　　　　　　 5.remarkable adj. 　　　　　　　 6.remote adj. 　　　　　　　 7.representative n. 　　　　　　　 8.reputation n. 　　　　　　　 9.reserve v .　　　　　　n.　　　　　 10.resident n. 　　　　　　 11.resign v. 　　　　　　　 12.resistance n. 　　　　　　　 13.resolution n. 　　　　　　　 14.resolve v. 　　　　　　　 15.respective adj. 　　　　　　　 16.response n. 　　　　　　　 17.restore v. 　　　　　　　 18.restrict v. 　　　　　　　 19.retiree n. 　　　　　　　 20.reveal v. 　　　　　　　 21.revise v. 　　　　　　　 22.rhyme n./v. 　　　　　　　 23.rigid adj. 　　　　　　　 24.ripen v. 　　　　　　　 25.risky adj. 　　　　　　　 26.romantic adj.　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 27.royal adj.　　　　　　n.　　　　　 28.rural adj. 　　　　　　　　 29.sample n.　　　　　　v.　　　　　 30.schedule n.　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 31.scream v./ n. 　　　　　　　 32.sculpture n. 　　　　　　　 33.secondary adj. 　　　　　　　 34.section n. 　　　　　　　 35.secure adj.　　　　　　v.　　　　　 36.security n. 　　　　　　 37.separately adv. 　　　　　　　 38.session n. 　　　　　　　 39.setting n. 　　　　　　　 40.severe adj. 　　　　　　　 41.sheet n. 　　　　　　　 42.shelter n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 43.shift v./ n. 　　　　　　　 44.significant adj. 　　　　　　　 45.similarly adv. 　　　　　　　 46.simplify v. 　　　　　　　 47.sincerely adv. 　　　　　　　 48.skillfully adv. 　　　　　　　 49.socially adv. 　　　　　　　 50.socialist adj.　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.地区,区域　2.登记,注册;注册簿　3.释放;放出;发行;发布　4.有关的　5.非凡的;显著的 6.偏远的,遥远的　7.代表　8.名声,名望　9.预订,预约　保留;保护区　10.居民;住户　11.辞职,辞去 (某职务)　12.反对;抵制;抵抗(力)　13.决议;坚定;决心　14.解决;决心　15.分别的;各自的 16.反应;回答　17.恢复;修复;整修　18.限制,约束　19.退休者　20.揭示;透露;展示　21.修改;复习;温 习　22.押韵　23.死板的;僵硬的　24.(使)成熟　25.有危险(风险)的　26.浪漫的;爱情的　浪漫的人　 27.皇家的,王室的　王室成员　28.乡村的;农村的　29.样本,样品　抽样;检验　30.工作计划,日程安 排　预订　31.尖叫;高声喊　32.雕刻,雕刻品　33.次要的;从属的　34.部分;部门　35.安全的　使安 全　36.安全;安全工作　37.单独地;分别地　38.一段时间;(一次)会议　39.环境;背景　40.很严重的; 严厉的　41.床单;纸片;薄片;一张　42.庇护所;避难处　保护;躲避　43.转移;变换;轮班　44.重要的; 有意义的　45.相似地;同样　46.使简化;使简易　47.真诚地,由衷地　48.技术精湛地;巧妙地　49.社 会上;交际上　50.社会主义的　社会主义(者) Unit 9 英译汉。 1.solar adj.　　 　　　　　　　　　　 　2.solid adj.　　　　　　　n.　　　　　　 3.solution n. 　　　　　　　 4.somewhat adv.　　　　　　　　　 5.sorrow n. 　　　　　　　 6.sour adj. 　　　　　　　 7.source n. 　　　　　　　 8.specially adv. 　　　　　　　 9.specialist n. 　　　　　　　 10.species n. 　　　　　　　 11.specific adj. 　　　　　　　 12.spiritual adj. 　　　　　　　 13.splendid adj. 　　　　　　　 14.sponsor n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 15.sportsmanship n. 　　　　　　　 16.spot n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 17.stability n. 　　　　　　　 18.stadium(pl.stadia) n.　　　　　 19.statistic n. 　　　　　　　 20.statue n. 　　　　　　　 21.stimulate v. 　　　　　　　 22.strategy n. 　　　　　　　 23.stretch v.　　　　　n.　　　　 24.strikingly adv. 　　　　　　　　 25.string n. 　　　　　　　 26.stuff n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 27.subjective adj. 　　　　　　　 28.submit v. 　　　　　　　 29.subscribe v. 　　　　　　　 30.subsequent adj.　　　　　　　 31.substance n. 　　　　　　　 32.substantial adj.　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 33.suburb n. 　　　　　　　 34.sufficient adj. 　　　　　　　 35.summarize v. 　　　　　　　 36.super adj. 　　　　　　　 37.superb adj. 　　　　　　　 38.superior adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　 39.surgeon n. 　　　　　　　 40.surgery n. 　　　　　　　 41.suspect v. 　　　　　　　 42.suspend v. 　　　　　　　 43.sustain v. 　　　　　　　 44.switch v.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 45.symbolize v. 　　　　　　　 46.sympathy n. 　　　　　　　 47.symphony n. 　　　　　　　 48.systematic adj. 　　　　　　　 49.tackle v. 　　　　　　　 50.technique n. 　　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.太阳的;太阳能的　2.固体的;坚硬的　固体　3.解决办法;答案　4.有点;稍微　5.悲伤,悲痛　6. 酸的,有酸味的　7.来源;出处;起源;根源　8.专门地;特意;特别;尤其　9.专家;专科医生　10.种,物种　 11.具体的,特定的;明确的　12.精神的;心灵的　13.壮丽的,辉煌的　14.赞助者　赞助　15.体育精神　 16.地点;斑点;污渍　发现　17.稳定(性);稳固(性)　18.体育场;运动场　19.统计数字;(复数)统计学　 20.雕像,雕塑　21.促进;激发;激励　22.策略;策划;战略　23.拉长;拽宽;撑大　一片(段)　24.极其;醒 目地　25.线,细绳　26.东西,物品　填满;塞满　27.主观的;主语的　28.提交,呈递(计划等);顺从　29. 订阅(报刊杂志);赞成　30.随后的;后来的　31.物质;物品;实质　32.大量的;重大的;牢固的　本质　 33.郊区;城外　34.足够的;充足的　35.总结;概括　36.顶好的;超级的　37.极好的;卓越的　38.更高 的;上级的　上级　39.外科医生　40.外科手术;外科学　41.怀疑,猜想 42.悬;挂;吊;暂停　43.支撑,支持;维持;使保持　44.转换,改变　开关　45.象征;是……的象征 46.同情(心)　47.交响乐,交响曲　48.有系统的;有条理的　49.应付,处理,解决(难题等)　50.技术,技 能;工艺 Unit 10 英译汉。 1.technology n.　 　　　　　　　　　　　2.temporary adj.　　　　　　　　　 3.tendency n. 　　　　　　　 4.tension n. 　　　　　　　 5.territory n. 　　　　　　　 6.theoretical adj. 　　　　　　　 7.threaten v. 　　　　　　　 8.tightly adv. 　　　　　　　 9.tissue n. 　　　　　　　 10.tolerate v. 　　　　　　　 11.tone n. 　　　　　　　 12.tough adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 13.tournament n. 　　　　　　　 14.transform v. 　　　　　　　 15.transport n. 　　　　　　　 16.trunk n. 　　　　　　　 17.typically adv. 　　　　　　　 18.ultimately adv. 　　　　　　　 19.uniquely adv. 　　　　　　　 20.universal adj. 　　　　　　　 21.update v. 　　　　　　　 22.urban n. 　　　　　　　 23.urge v. 　　　　　　　 24.urgent adj. 　　　　　　　 25.valueless adj. 　　　　　　　 26.variation n. 　　　　　　　 27.vary v. 　　　　　　　 28.vast adj. 　　　　　　　 29.vehicle n. 　　　　　　　 30.venue n. 　　　　　　　 31.version n. 　　　　　　　 32.violently adv. 　　　　　　　 33.virtual adj. 　　　　　　　 34.virtue n. 　　　　　　　 35.virus n. 　　　　　　　 36.visible adj. 　　　　　　　 37.vision n. 　　　　　　　 38.visual adj.　　　　　　　 n.　　　　　　 39.vital adj. 　　　　　　　 40.vivid adj. 　　　　　　　 41.volcano n. 　　　　　　　 42.volume n. 　　　　　　　 43.ward n. 　　　　　　　 44.weapon n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 45.welfare n. 　　　　　　　 46.widespread adj. 　　　　　　　 47.withdraw v. 　　　　　　　 48.wrapping n. 　　　　　　　 49.wrestle v. 　　　　　　　 50.wrinkle n.　　　　　　　 v.　　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.科技;工艺　2.暂时的;临时的　3.倾向;趋势　4.紧张,焦虑　5.领土;版图　6.理论的;理论上的　 7.威胁;恐吓　8.紧紧地;牢固地　9.纸巾;薄纸;(细胞)组织　10.容忍,忍受　11.语气;口气;腔调;情调　 12.棘手的;坚硬的　粗暴的人　13.锦标赛,联赛　14.使改观,使转化　15.交通运输系统(方式)　16.树 干;象鼻;行李箱　17.通常;一般;典型地　18.最终;根本上　19.唯一地　20.宇宙的;全世界的;普遍的　 21.更新;向……提供最新信息　22.都市的,城市的　23.催促;力劝　24.紧急的,急迫的 25.没有价值的;不值钱的　26.变化,变更　27.改变;变化　28.巨大的;广阔的　29.交通工具;车辆;手段 30.聚会地点,集合地点　31.版本;描述　32.强烈地;激烈地;凶猛地　33.事实上的;实际上的;虚拟的 34.美德,优秀品质　35.病毒　36.看得见的;能注意到的　37.视力;视野;想象　38.视觉的;视力的　视 觉资料　39.极其重要的;必不可少的　40.逼真的,生动的　41.火山　42.体积;容积;容量;音量　43.病 房;被监护人　44.武器;凶器;提供武器　45.幸福;福利　46.分布广的;普遍的　47.收回;撤退;提取(存 款)　48.包装材料;包装纸　49.摔跤;全力解决　50.皱纹　起皱纹;起皱褶 二、关注“似曾相识词”——阅读理解求准确 ——快速读记,加深印象,精准理解 Unit 1 英译汉。 1.be set to be...　　　　 　　　　　　　　 2.be lifted out of poverty　 　　　　　　　 3.carrier rocket 　　　　　 4.block-chain n. 　　　　　 5.aside from... 　　　　　 6.cripple v. 　　　　　 7.start-up company 　　　　　 8.a defining moment 　　　　　 9.momentary adj. 　　　　　 10.brand sb as... 　　　　　 11.take to doing... 　　　　　 12.carrying capacity 　　　　　 13.a host of 　　　　　 14.out of nowhere 　　　　　 15.economic power-house 　　　　　 16.well-established adj. 　　　　　 17.test subject 　　　　　 18.piece together 　　　　　 19.misunderstood disease 　　　　　 20.take-home message 　　　　　 21.stand up to sb 　　　　　 22.boundless possibility 　　　　　 23.social credit 　　　　　 24.shelf life 　　　　　 25.a yet-to-be published book 　　　　　 26.come one’s way 　　　　　 27.in one’s favour 　　　　　 28.beat oneself up 　　　　　 29.be apples and oranges 　　　　　 30.go bananas 　　　　　 31.as cool as a cucumber 　　　　　 32.not one’s cup of tea 　　　　　 33.top concerns 　　　　　 34.solid efforts 　　　　　 35.opposing statement 　　　　　 36.beat sb at one’s own game 　　　　　 37.as of 　　　　　 38.a growing body of... 　　　　　 39.worst-performing adj. 　　　　　 40.work one’s magic 　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.注定是……　2.脱贫　3.运载火箭　4.区块链　5.除……以外　6.使……瘫痪　7.创业公司　 8.决定性的时刻　9.短暂的　10.把某人丑化为……　11.养成做……的习惯　12.运载力　13.许多　 14.突然冒出来　15.经济强国　16.得到确认的　17.测试对象　18.拼凑出　19.不为人理解的疾病 20.得到的教益　21.对抗(抗争)某人　22.无限的可能性　23.社会征信　24.保存期　25.尚未出版的 书　26.发生在某人身上　27.对某人有利　28.过分自责　29.风马牛不相及的人或物　30.发疯,疯狂 31.镇定自若　32.不是某人感兴趣的人或事　33.最担忧的事情　34.扎实的努力　35.反方的陈述　 36.以其人之道还治其人之身　37.截止……时间　38.大量的……　39.表现差的　40.发挥某人(物)的 魔力 Unit 2 英译汉。 1.donkey n.　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　2.treasure n.　　 　　　　　　　　　　　 3.figure out the bills 　　　　　 4.cordless mouse 　　　　　 5.in good shape 　　　　　 6.facial mask 　　　　　 7.body building 　　　　　 8.be body searched 　　　　　 9.group photo 　　　　　 10.a train of 　　　　　 11.small talk 　　　　　 12.get defensive 　　　　　 13.score highly 　　　　　 14.jump to conclusions 　　　　　 15.grassroots singer 　　　　　 16.tear oneself away from... 　　　　　 17.turn one’s life around 　　　　　 18.sign-up sheet 　　　　　 19.at one’s command 　　　　　 20.street smarts 　　　　　 21.plain-looking adj.　　　　　 22.role identity 　　　　　 23.breathe fire 　　　　　 24.exercise into one’s life 　　　　　 25.sense of belonging 　　　　　 26.dine in 　　　　　 27.pack up 　　　　　 28.after-shock n. 　　　　　 29.lift sb out of depression 　　　　　 30.get in tune with... 　　　　　 31.every once in a while 　　　　　 32.role model 　　　　　 33.rock-bottom price 　　　　　 34.Chinese opera mask 　　　　　 35.to do one’s justice 　　　　　 36.standardize v. 　　　　　 37.police v. 　　　　　 38.pick one’s words 　　　　　 39.come close to doing 　　　　　 40.make a hit 　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.傻瓜　2.不可多得的人才　3.算账　4.无线鼠标　5.身体状况好　6.面膜　7.健美　8.被搜身 9.合影照　10.一系列的　11.闲谈,聊天　12.采取防御态度　13.打高分　14.草率下结论　15.草根歌 手　16.忍痛离开　17.使某人的人生变好　18.签名册　19.听某人支配　20.生存技能　21.相貌平平 的　22.角色认同　23.暴怒　24.运动融入生活　25.归属感　26.在家吃饭　27.停工,收工　28.余震 29.使某人走出沮丧　30.与……一致,合拍　31.有时　32.榜样　33.最低价　34.中国京剧脸谱 35.说句公道话　36.使……标准化　37.监管,管制　38.斟词酌句　39.差一点就　40.流行 Unit 3 英译汉。 1.weight watcher 　　　　　　　　　　　2.workout n.　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　 3.be laid off from work 　　　　　 4.touch on 　　　　　 5.excellent benefit 　　　　　 6.organized person 　　　　　 7.hit rough weather 　　　　　 8.shoot the breeze 　　　　　 9.under a cloud 　　　　　 10.weather a storm 　　　　　 11.drive n. 　　　　　 12.nowhere near 　　　　　 13.runaway sales 　　　　　 14.go back to the drawing board 　　　　　 15.pack on the pounds 　　　　　 16.drop by unannounced 　　　　　 17.self-guided tour 　　　　　 18.cost-effective adj. 　　　　　 19.probable n. 　　　　　 20.outsider n. 　　　　　 21.freeze v. 　　　　　 22.have a good ear for 　　　　　 23.armies of... 　　　　　 24.have yet to... 　　　　　 25.a bunch of 　　　　　 26.sleep in 　　　　　 27.on-the-job training 　　　　　 28.check out books 　　　　　 29.mouthpiece n. 　　　　　 30.bring down on one’s teeth 　　　　　 31.take a side trip 　　　　　 32.kick the bucket 　　　　　 33.food fair 　　　　　 34.a serving of vegetables 　　　　　 35.put on sunscreen 　　　　　 36.be well-informed about 　　　　　 37.expert paper cutter 　　　　　 38.lucky pattern 　　　　　 39.information session 　　　　　 40.check out the park 　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.减肥者　2.练习,测验　3.被解雇　4.涉及,提到　5.待遇丰厚　6.做事有条理的人　7.历经磨难　 8.闲聊　9.受到怀疑　10.闯过难关　11.动力　12.远不及,差得远　13.失控的销售　14.重起炉灶　 15.长胖　16.不提前通知就来访　17.自由行　18.划算的,合算的　19.很有可能的事　20.局外人 21.惊呆　22.对……有鉴赏力　23.大量……,大批……　24.有待……;还没有……　25.许多　26.睡 懒觉　27.在职培训　28.借书　29.代言人,发言人　30.咬牙切齿　31.顺路旅行　32.死掉　33.食品 展　34.一份蔬菜　35.抹防晒霜　36.非常熟悉……　37.剪纸高手　38.吉祥图案　39.信息说明会　 40.去公园逛逛 Unit 4 英译汉。 1.employment history 　　　　　　　　　　　2.reference n.　　　　 　　　　　　　　 3.slip from one’s mind 　　　　　 4.fight to do 　　　　　 5.goodwill ambassador 　　　　　 6.voice v. 　　　　　 7.business affairs 　　　　　 8.bittersweet adj.　　　　　 9.go unnoticed 　　　　　 10.earpiece n. 　　　　　 11.backer n. 　　　　　 12.frustration stage 　　　　　 13.shoot out one’s hand 　　　　　 14.thoughtless man 　　　　　 15.memorial service 　　　　　 16.intended reader 　　　　　 17.out-of-the-box thinking 　　　　　 18.overhear v. 　　　　　 19.push one’s luck 　　　　　 20.freezer n. 　　　　　 21.drive a hard bargain 　　　　　 22.sleep through one’s alarm 　　　　　 23.pet v. 　　　　　 24.go on one’s honeymoon 　　　　　 25.as of this time 　　　　　 26.outdo v. 　　　　　 27.highlight n. 　　　　　 28.biodiversity n. 　　　　　 29.worthy cause 　　　　　 30.big name 　　　　　 31.stay to oneself 　　　　　 32.emotional intelligence 　　　　　 33.open up 　　　　　 34.beautician n. 　　　　　 35.bartender n. 　　　　　 36.in practice 　　　　　 37.catch on 　　　　　 38.eye opener 　　　　　 39.pipe dream 　　　　　 40.show sb affection 　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.工作经历　2.介绍信,推荐信　3.遗忘　4.努力做　5.亲善大使　6.给……配音　7.商务　8.苦 乐参半的　9.未被注意到　10.耳机　11.支持者,赞助者　12.挫折期　13.突然伸出手　14.不顾及他 人的人　15.追悼会　16.意向读者　17.创造性思维　18.无意中听到　19.得寸进尺　20.冷库,冰箱　 21.极力讨价还价　22.睡过头　23.抚摸　24.度蜜月　25.在此时　26.胜过,优于　27.最精彩的部分 28.生物多样性　29.有价值的事业　30.大咖,大款　31.保持自我　32.情商　33.吐露真情　34.美容 师　35.酒吧侍者　36.事实上　37.变得流行　38.使人开眼界的人(物)　39.空想,幻想　40.喜爱某人 Unit 5 英译汉。 1.melt away 　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　 　2.existential threat 　　　　　　　　　 3.feature in 　　　　　 4.dive headfirst into... 　　　　　 5.unintentionally adv. 　　　　　 6.be up in the air 　　　　　 7.byproduct n. 　　　　　 8.mind wandering 　　　　　 9.mindmap n. 　　　　　 10.shrink the gap 　　　　　 11.upon hire 　　　　　 12.college degree or above 　　　　　 13.practice n. 　　　　　 14.service-minded adj. 　　　　　 15.study without natural light 　　　　　 16.frown upon... 　　　　　 17.on the same page 　　　　　 18.turn one’s day around 　　　　　 19.tight smile 　　　　　 20.brave one’s life 　　　　　 21.work wonders 　　　　　 22.behave awkwardly 　　　　　 23.handsomely adv. 　　　　　 24.life-size adj. 　　　　　 25.be onto sth 　　　　　 26.so to speak 　　　　　 27.be honest with words 　　　　　 28.billionaire n. 　　　　　 29.rocket booster 　　　　　 30.iron out the errors 　　　　　 31.supposedly adv. 　　　　　 32.mild-tasting adj. 　　　　　 33.after-taste n. 　　　　　 34.survey the situation 　　　　　 35.full membership 　　　　　 36.entry n. 　　　　　 37.socializing people 　　　　　 38.open-ended topic 　　　　　 39.eating disorder 　　　　　 40.on some level 　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.逐渐消失　2.现存的威胁　3.在……中起重要作用　4.全身心投入　5.无意之中,非故意地 6.悬而未决　7.副产品　8.走神,心不在焉　9.思维导图　10.缩小差距　11.一经聘用　12.大学或以 上学历　13.业务　14.有服务意识的　15.加班加点地学习　16.不赞成,看不惯　17.意见一致　18.扭 转局面　19.不自然的笑　20.勇敢地面对生活　21.创造奇迹　22.举止笨拙　23.大方地　24.真人大 小的　25.对……了解,对……心中有数　26.可以说　27.实话实说　28.亿万富翁　29.火箭助推器　 30.改正错误　31.可能,一般来说　32.味道清淡的,口感温和的　33.(食物的)余味　34.判断形势　35. 正式会员　36.参赛的人或物　37.喜欢社交的人　38.开放的话题　39.饮食紊乱　40.在某种程度上 Unit 6 英译汉。 1.check-in agent 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　2.artificial addictive 　　　　　　　　 3.wolf down 　　　　　 4.under-30 crowd 　　　　　 5.small bites 　　　　　 6.touches of greenery 　　　　　 7.main dish 　　　　　 8.trendy adj. 　　　　　 9.baby oil 　　　　　 10.in the abstract 　　　　　 11.digital-economy 　　　　　 12.problematic adj. 　　　　　 13.workable adj. 　　　　　 14.overrule v. 　　　　　 15.presenter n. 　　　　　 16.maturity n. 　　　　　 17.not to mention 　　　　　 18.be mindful of 　　　　　 19.stuffed animal 　　　　　 20.togetherness n. 　　　　　 21.unpaved road 　　　　　 22.elementary user 　　　　　 23.on the go 　　　　　 24.entry-level adj. 　　　　　 25.go out of one’s way to do 　　　　　 26.rubbish n. 　　　　　 27.be rooted in 　　　　　 28.plus size 　　　　　 29.buy into 　　　　　 30.shamelessly adv. 　　　　　 31.satisfy hunger 　　　　　 32.have one’s nose in... 　　　　　 33.heroics n. 　　　　　 34.be attentive to... 　　　　　 35.be no strangers to... 　　　　　 36.one-of-a-kind toy 　　　　　 37.strength of character 　　　　　 38.press conference 　　　　　 39.specialty dish 　　　　　 40.get the better of 　　　　　 自我校对读读记 记 1.值机员　2.人工添加剂　3.狼吞虎咽地吃　4.三十岁以下的人群　5.小的步骤　6.一点点绿色 植物　7.主菜　8.时髦的　9.婴儿润肤霜　10.抽象地,在理论上　11.数字经济　12.有疑问的,不确定 的　13.可行的　14.支配,对……施加影响　15.主持人　16.成熟　17.不用说　18.留心……　19.填 充玩具动物　20.相聚　21.未铺砌的路　22.初级用户　23.忙碌,活跃　24.初级的,入门的　25.某人 特别费心地去做……　26.废话,贬损　27.根植于　28.加大尺码　29.买进,入股　30.无耻地　31.充 饥　32.埋头于……　33.英雄行为　34.关心,关注　35.对……不陌生　36.独一无二的玩具　37.骨气 38.新闻发布会　39.拿手菜　40.战胜 三、破解文章长难句——阅读理解追满分 ——培养耐心,找准主干,长难句并不难 学会理解长难句是考生必须掌握的一项重要阅读技能,掌握该技能十分有助于准确理解句 意。破解长难句一般需要分三步走:(1)判断句子的主干部分,即主句中的“主谓宾或主系表”部 分;(2)分析主句和从句之间的逻辑关系;(3)理解主句和从句中各种修饰、补充成分。 以下是 2020 年新高考山东卷和近几年全国卷中出现的长难句,请同学试着理清其句式结构, 准确理解每一句的意思,然后诵读、感悟各句,以达到融会贯通之目的。 Unit 1 1.(2020 新高考山东,B)Jennifer received great support from her family as she worked to earn her degree:Her husband worked two jobs to cover the bills,and her 68-year-old mother helped take care of the children at times. 句意詹妮弗在辛勤获得学位的过程中,得到了家人的大力支持——她丈夫做两份工作,以便 支付各种费用,还有她 68 岁的母亲有时帮忙照看孩子。 分析本句冒号之前部分是一个复合句,“as she worked to earn her degree”是时间状语从句;句 中冒号部分起到解释说明的作用,进一步说明家人是如何帮助她的,而该部分又是一个由连词 and 连接的两个并列句。 2.(2020 新高考山东,C)It is the story of an American travelling to a strange land,and of the people he meets on his way:Rustam,his translator,a lovely 24-year-old who picked up his colorful English in California,Oleg and Natasha,his hosts in Tashkent,and a string of foreign aid workers. 句意这是一个美国人到陌生之地旅行的故事,也是一个他在沿途所遇之人的故事。这些人 中有他的翻译鲁斯塔姆,24 岁的他很可爱,他在加利福尼亚学到一些丰富多彩的英语;还有奥列格 和娜塔莎,他们是他在塔什干的主人,还有一批外国援助人员。 分析本句很长,但句子主干却是简单句式“It is the story of...”,story 之后出现了两个 of 短语 作后置定语;冒号之后是前面 the people he meets on his way 的同位语,即介绍这位美国人所遇到 的人,其中 his translator 和 a lovely 24-year-old 都是 Rustam 的同位语,who 是定语从句修饰先行 词 Rustam;his hosts 是 Oleg and Natasha 的同位语;foreign aid workers 是这位美国人所遇到另一 批人。 3.(2020 新高考山东,C) Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,making his tale a well-rounded picture of Uzbekistan,seen from Western eyes. 句意比塞尔先生巧妙地构思了一些历史见解和文化现象,使他的故事成为从西方人的视角 看到的一幅全角度描述乌兹别克斯坦的画面。 分析本句较长,但主干是简单句“Mr Bissell skillfully organizes historical insights and cultural references,”,后面的 making...是动词-ing 形式短语作结果状语,最后的“seen from Western eyes”是 过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词 picture。 4.(2020 新高考山东,D)And contrary to existing research that says you should avoid eating with heavier people who order large portions(份),it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid. 句意现有的研究表明比起与点大份额食物的那些较重的人一起进食,你真正应该要避免的 是与那些胃口很大的瘦高个子一起进食。 分析本句是一个复合句,主干句是“it’s the beanpoles with big appetites you really need to avoid”;“And contrary to...large portions(份)”部分是形容词短语作状语,在这个形容词短语中 that 引导定语从句修饰先行词 research;who 引导定语从句修饰先行词 people;“you really need to avoid”是定语从句修饰先行词 beanpoles。 5.(2020 全国Ⅰ,C)According to most calculations,race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour,which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking,although fewer than running,which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour. 句意根据大部分计算结果,竞走者以每小时六英里的速度运动,每小时大约消耗 800 卡路里, 这一消耗量尽管比跑步时所消耗的要少,但大约是走路所消耗热量的两倍之多,而跑步时大约每 小时要消耗 1 000 卡路里或更多。 分析本句是复合句,句子主干是“race walkers would burn about 800 calories per hour,”,之后的 “which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking”是非限制性定语从句,which 指 代前面的“800 calories per hour”;although fewer than running 是让步状语从句;最后的“which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour”是非限制性定语从句修饰前面的 “running”。 6.(2020 全国Ⅰ,C)According to her research,runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step,while race walkers,who do not leave the ground,create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step. 句意根据她的研究,跑步者每一步落地时的重量是体重的四倍,而身体不离开地面的竞走者 每步只产生体重 1.4 倍的重量。 分析本句是由 while 连接的两个并列句,其中“who do not leave the ground”是定语从句,修饰 先行词 race walkers。 7.(2020 全国Ⅰ,D)These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water and a plant that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater. 句意其中包括在叶子上印有传感器,用于显示它们何时缺水的植物,以及能够检测地下水中 有害化学物质的一种植物。 分析本句是一个复合句。“that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water”是定语从句,修饰先行词 plants,该定语从句中“to show when they’re short of water”是不定式作目的状语;定语从句“that can detect harmful chemicals in groundwater”修饰先行 词 a plant。 8.(2020 全国Ⅱ,B) Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial skills. 句意心理学家苏珊·莱文是一名芝加哥大学儿童数学发展专家,她发现 2 至 4 岁玩拼图游戏 的儿童后期可发展出更好的空间技能。 分析本句是一个复合句。“an expert on mathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago”是前面名词 Susan Levine 的同位语;“who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4”是定语从句,修饰前面的名词 children。 9.(2020 全国Ⅱ,B)The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age. 句意研究人员分析了 53 对儿童和父母在家庭日常活动的录像,发现 26 至 46 个月大小时玩 拼图游戏的儿童在 54 个月大的时候有更好的空间能力。 分析本句是一个复合句“who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of age”是定语从句, 修饰先行词 children;“when assessed at 54 months of age”是一个省略了从句主语“they are”的时间 状语从句。 10.(2020 全国Ⅲ,B)The creative team behind “Apes” used motion-capture(动作捕捉) technology to create digitalized animals,spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records an actor’s performance and later processes it with computer graphics to create a final image(图像). 句意“猿”背后的创作团队使用动作捕捉技术创建数字化动物,花费数千万美元在技术上记 录演员的表演,然后使用计算机图形处理它以创建最终图像。 分析本句是一个复合句。“spending tens of millions of dollars on technology that records...to create a final image.”是动词-ing 形式短语作伴随状语。“that records an actor’s performance and later...to create a final image.”是定语从句修饰先行词 technology。 Unit 2 1.(2019 全国Ⅰ,A)If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province,you could be eligible(符合条件) for this program,which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training. 句意如果你是一个住在这个省某个地方的青少年,你就符合这个项目的条件,这个项目提供 为期八周的带薪工作和培训。 分析本句是一个主从复合句。句首是 If 引导的条件状语从句;which 引导非限制性定语从 句对先行词 program 进行补充和说明。 2.(2019 全国Ⅰ,B)Whaley recalls(回想起) how at the beginning of the year,when called upon to read,Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom. 句意 Whaley 回想起在今年年初,当 Chris 被要求朗读时,他会找借口去洗手间。 分析本句是一个主从复合句。when 引导时间状语从句,该状语从句中省略了“Chris was”。 3.(2019 全国Ⅰ,C)This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. 句意这款智能键盘可精确测量使用者的打字节奏和手指施加在每个按键上的压力。 分析本句是一个复合句。and 连接两个并列的宾语成分,名词 the cadence 后是“介词+which” 引导的定语从句,名词 the pressure 后的定语从句省略了关系词 that/which,因其充当 apply 的宾 语,故可省略。 4.(2019 全国Ⅰ,C)Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed,with very low error rates. 句意从这个装置上收集的数据可以根据参与者的打字方式辨别出不同的参与者,错误率非 常低。 分析本句是一个复合句。how 引导宾语从句作 based on 的宾语;“collected from the device” 为过去分词短语作后置定语,修饰 Data。 5.(2019 全国Ⅰ,D)They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes,breaking rules and playing jokes on others,among whom I soon found myself. 句意他们地位的升迁不是靠为人友好,而是靠抽烟、违反规定和开别人的玩笑,我很快就发 现自己是其中一员。 分析本句是一个复合句。among whom 引导非限制性定语从句。 6.(2019 全国Ⅰ,七选五)Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 句意看到窗外树枝的住院病人有可能比看到建筑物或天空的病人恢复得更快。 分析本句是一个复合句。两个 who 均引导定语从句。 7.(2019 全国Ⅱ,A)It’s a real whodunit and the frustration when you realise what’s going on is horribly enjoyable. 句意这是一本真正的侦探小说,当你意识到正在发生的事情时,那种挫败感是非常令人愉悦 的。 分析这是一个主从复合句。when 引导时间状语从句;what 引导宾语从句。 8.(2019 全国Ⅱ,B)However,if others benefit in the process,and I get some reward too,does it really matter where my motivation lies? 句意然而,如果别人在这个过程中受益,而我也得到了一些奖励,那么我的动机是什么真的重 要吗? 分析 if 引导的条件状语从句由并列连词 and 连接的并列句构成;does it really matter where my motivation lies 是主句,其中的 it 是形式主语,where my motivation lies 是主语从句,作真正的主 语。 9.(2019 全国Ⅱ,C)There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one,but those days are over. 句意曾经有一段时间,人们可能会对要一张单人桌感到尴尬,但那样的日子已经过去了。 分析这是一个并列复合句。but 连接两个并列分句;but 前的分句中 when 引导定语从句,先 行词是 time。 10.(2019 全国Ⅱ,D)Gordon says his students are emailing daily with NASA engineers about the problem,readying a workable solution to test in space. 句意戈登说,他的学生每天都在与美国航空航天局的工程师们就这个问题发电子邮件,为太 空测试的可行性办法做好准备。 分析“Gordon says”是句子的主语和谓语,“his students...in space”是省略了连接词 that 的宾语 从句,“readying a workable solution to test in space”是宾语从句中的伴随状语。 Unit 3 1.(2019 全国Ⅱ,完形填空)“I figured whoever lost the dog was probably just as close to it as I am to my dogs,” says Ehlers. 句意 Ehlers 说:“我想丢了狗的人可能和它很亲密,就像我和我的狗一样。” 分析这是一个主从复合句。I figured 后是宾语从句;whoever 引导主语从句;as...as 表示原级 比较,意思为“和……一样”,后一个 as 引导比较状语从句。 2.(2019 全国Ⅱ,语法填空)Granddaughter Gayle Parks,31—who works alongside her in the family business—said it remained unknown as to who nominated Irene for the award. 句意 31 岁的孙女 Gayle Parks 和她一起在家族企业工作,她说,目前还不清楚是谁提名 Irene 获得该奖的。 分析这是一个主从复合句。第一个 who 引导定语从句,先行词是 Gayle Parks;said 后是省略 了连词 that 的宾语从句;第二个 who 引导宾语从句,作 as to 的宾语。 3.(2019 全国Ⅲ,A)Helen Mirren stars in the play by Peter Morgan,about Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK and her private meetings with twelve Prime Ministers in the course of sixty years. 句意 Helen Mirren 主演了由 Peter Morgan 编剧的这部戏剧,该戏剧讲述了英国女王伊丽莎 白二世和她在六十年中与十二位首相的私人会晤。 分析本句虽然较长,但其实是一个简单句。about 介词短语作后置定语,修饰前面的名词 play;在这个较长的 about 短语中,and 连接了“Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ of the UK”和“her private meetings...”这两部分。 4.(2019 全国Ⅲ,B)“The most famous designers are Chinese,so are the models,and so are the consumers,” she says. 句意她说:“最知名的设计师是中国人,最知名的模特也是中国人,而且最知名的消费者也是 中国人。” 分析本句引号中的内容含有倒装结构。so be...是倒装结构,意为“……也如此”。 5.(2019 全国Ⅲ,C)Publishers already in business,people who were owners of successful papers,had little desire to change the tradition. 句意已经在此行业的那些出版者们,也就是那些办得比较成功的报纸的主人们几乎没有什 么意愿来改变这一传统。 分析本句是一个主从复合句。“people who were owners of successful papers”是前面名词 “Publishers”的同位语;在这个同位语中 who 引导定语从句,先行词是 people。 6.(2019 全国Ⅲ,D)A team of researchers trained three Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward. 句意一组研究人员使用零至二十五滴水或果汁作为奖励来训练三只河猴将 26 个明显不同 的符号关联起来,这些符号含有数字和认真挑选过的字母。 分析“to associate 26 clearly different symbols consisting of numbers and selective letters”为不 定式短语作宾语补足语,“with 0-25 drops of water or juice as a reward”是介词短语作方式状语。 7.(2019 全国Ⅲ,D)Here’s how Harvard Medical School scientist Margaret Livingstone,who led the team,described the experiment:In their cages the monkeys were provided with touch screens. 句意哈佛医学院的科学家 Margaret Livingstone 是研究小组的负责人,她是这样描述该实验 的:在笼子里,猴子被提供了触摸屏。 分析本句是一个复合句。who 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词“Margaret Livingstone”。 8.(2018 全国Ⅰ,A)Morning or Afternoon,this bike tour is the perfect tour for D.C.newcomers and locals looking to experience Washington,D.C.in a healthy way with minimum effort. 句意不管是早晨还是下午,对于那些盼望用最小的努力而又最健康的方式体验一下华盛顿 特区的新来者和当地人来说,这是一次完美的自行车旅行。 分析 Morning or Afternoon 是 whether it is morning or afternoon 的省略句,是让步状语从句。 looking to experience...是动词-ing 形式作后置定语修饰前面的 newcomers and locals. 9.(2018 全国Ⅰ,B)Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning,but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role—showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget. 句意“早上好,英国”,这档节目中苏珊娜·里德习惯于每天早上在沙发上盘问嘉宾,但是,她最 近扮演的角色却在酝酿一场风暴——向家庭展示如何在预算紧张的情况下做出美味、营养丰富 的饭菜。 分析该句是并列复合句,由并列连词 but 连接而成。第二个分句中的破折号后面的内容是 对前面分句进行补充说明。句中的用词 grilling 和 cooking up 是紧扣本文的语境而有意选用 的。 10.(2018 全国Ⅰ,C)In recent centuries,trade,industrialisation,the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education,especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades,all have caused many languages to disappear,and dominant languages such as English,Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over. 句意近几个世纪以来,由于过去的几十年里贸易、工业化、单一民族国家的发展和义务教 育的普及,尤其是全球一体化和更好的通信方式,这一切都导致了许多语言的消失,而且被英语、 西班牙语和汉语等主流语言不断地取代。 分析该句是并列复合句,由并列连词 and 连接而成。第一个分句中的 trade,industrialisation,the development of...,the spread of...,globalisation 和 better communications 作 主语 all 的同位语。 Unit 4 1.(2018 全国Ⅰ,C)The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages,often spoken by many people,while hot,wet zones have lots,often spoken by small numbers. 句意一般的规则是,温和地带的通常被许多人所使用的语言相对较少;而在炎热、潮湿的地 区,语言种类多,通常为少数人所使用。 分析该句是主从复合句。连接词 that 引导表语从句。这个表语从句本身是一个并列句,由 并列连词 while 连接而成,表示对比,意为“然而”。两个 spoken...是过去分词短语,作后置定语,表 示被动关系。 2.(2018 全国Ⅰ,D)The team’s data only went up to 2007,but the researchers also explored what would happen if consumers replaced old products with new electronics that serve more than one function,such as a tablet for word processing and TV viewing. 句意这个团队的数据仅仅更新到 2007 年,但研究者探索了如果消费者使用多功能新电子设 备比如一个既能进行文本处理又能观看电视的平板去替换旧设备时,会发生什么情况呢? 分析该句是并列复合句。由表示转折的连词 but 连接而成。what would happen...TV viewing 是宾语从句。if...TV viewing 是这个宾语从句中的条件状语从句。that serve more than one function 是定语从句修饰名词 new electronics。 3.(2018 全国Ⅰ,七选五)Whether you’re looking at wallpaper or paint,the time,effort and relative expense put into it are significant. 句意不管你是在寻找壁纸还是漆料,所花费的时间、付出的努力和相关的费用都是至关重 要的。 分析该句是主从复合句。Whether...or...是让步状语从句,表示“无论……还是……”。put into it 是过去分词短语,作后置定语修饰前面的 the time,effort 和 expense,与它们之间是被动关 系。 4.(2018 全国Ⅱ,A)Thursday sees us make the short journey to Paris where we will visit Disneyland Paris park,staying until late to see the parade and the fireworks. 句意周四,我们短途旅行去巴黎,游览巴黎迪斯尼乐园,晚些时候我们观看游行和烟花。 分析该句是主从复合句。where we will visit Disneyland Paris park 是定语从句修饰名词 Paris。staying...是动词-ing 形式作伴随状语。to see...是不定式作目的状语。 5.(2018 全国Ⅱ,C) While the decline over the past decade is steep for teen readers,some data in the report shows that reading remains a big part of many children’s lives,and indicates how parents might help encourage more reading. 句意虽然在过去的十年里,青少年读者的数量急剧下降,但是,报告中的一些数据表明,阅读 仍然是许多孩子生活中的一个重要部分,并表明父母如何能帮助鼓励孩子阅读更多的书。 分析该句是主从复合句。While...for teen readers 是让步状语从句,由连接词 While 引导。主 句中有两个并列的谓语动词 shows 和 indicates,后面分别跟了两个宾语从句 that...和 how...。 6.(2018 全国Ⅱ,D)Dismissing small talk as unimportant is easy,but we can’t forget that deep relationships wouldn’t even exist if it weren’t for casual conversation. 句意我们很容易认为闲谈不重要而不考虑它,但是,我们不能忘记,如果没有闲谈的话,深厚 的关系甚至就不会存在。 分析该句是并列复合句。第一个分句中,Dismissing...是动词-ing 形式短语作主语。第二个 分句是虚拟语气,表示与现在情况相反的主观假设。if it weren’t for casual conversation 是非真 实条件句。 7.(2018 全国Ⅲ,C)While famous foreign architects are invited to lead the designs of landmark buildings in China such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts,many excellent Chinese architects are making great efforts to take the center stage. 句意虽然著名的外国建筑师们被邀请来领导中国标志性建筑物的建设,比如新中央电视塔 和国家大剧院,但是也有许多杰出的中国建筑师正在努力成为焦点。 分析该句是主从复合句。While...the Performing Arts 是让步状语从句,表示“虽然……”。 such as the new CCTV tower and the National Center for the Performing Arts 是举例说明。 8.(2017 全国Ⅰ,A)It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we cannot achieve without generous support from individuals,corporations,and other social organizations. 句意这是一个惊人的成就,一个没有来自个人、公司和其他社会组织的慷慨的支持我们就 不可能取得的成就。 分析该句为复合句。其中,one 指代前面的 accomplishment,后面为定语从句,修饰先行词 one,且从句使用了 cannot 和 without 表示双重否定。 9.(2017 全国Ⅰ,D)Then lay the tube in place so that one end rests all the way in the cup and the rest of the line runs up — and out — the side of the hole. 句意接着把管子放在恰当的位置,使得管子的一端一直放在杯子里并且管子的其余部分向 上延伸到坑的外部。 分析该句为复合句。主句 lay the tube in place 为祈使句。so that 引导目的状语从句,从句是 and 连接的并列句。 10.(2017 全国Ⅰ,七选五)If anyone had told me three years ago that I would be spending most of my weekends camping,I would have laughed heartily. 句意如果三年前有人告诉我会用大部分的周末时间来野营,我会狂笑不已。 分析该句为主从复合句。if 引导的是条件状语从句,因表示对与过去事实相反的假设,所以 本句中的条件句使用过去完成时。此外从句中包含了一个 that 引导的宾语从句。 Unit 5 1.(2017 全国Ⅱ,A)By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL,Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. 句意通过把《爱的徒劳》那丰富、幽默的文本翻译成手语,Deafinitely 剧院创造了一种对 莎士比亚喜剧新的解释,通过向失聪人群和听力健全人群演出,旨在在失聪和有声世界之间搭建 一座桥梁。 分析在本句中,By translating...BSL 为方式状语,and 连接 creates 和 aims 两个动词作并列谓 语。 2.(2017 全国Ⅱ,B)The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference,we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. 句意拍电影和四年后出演 The Sting 的经历所建立起来的友谊源于一个事实:尽管我们存在 年龄差距,但我们都源自戏剧和直播电视的传统。 分析句子的主干是 The friendship had its root in the fact...。其中,grew out of...later 为 that 引 导的定语从句,修饰先行词 friendship。后面的 although there was...live TV 为 that 引导的同位语 从句,解释说明 fact 的内容。此外,同位语从句中还包含了一个 although 引导的让步状语从句。 3.(2017 全国Ⅱ,B)We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success,you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill,and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. 句意我们有着这样的信念——如果足够幸运获得成功,就应该有所回馈。他成立了 Newman’s Own 食品公司和为病重的孩子成立了 Hole in the Wall 夏令营,而我成立了圣丹斯协 会和电影节。 分析本句中,that 引导同位语从句,解释说明 belief 的内容;同位语从句中包含了一个 if 引导 的条件状语从句;破折号后出现了一个 who 引导的定语从句,修饰先行词 kids。 4.(2017 全国Ⅱ,C)Terrafugia says an owner would need to pass a test and complete 20 hours of flying time to be able to fly the Transition,a requirement pilots would find relatively easy to meet. 句意 Terrafugia 公司说机主需要通过测试并且完成 20 个小时的飞行时间才能驾驶 Transition,这一要求对于飞行员来说相对容易达到。 分析本句中 a requirement 为同位语,是对前面的内容作补充说明。pilots would find relatively easy to meet 是定语从句,省略了充当宾语的关系代词 that/which,修饰先行词 requirement。 5.(2017 全国Ⅱ,D)Back in 1983,two scientists,Jack Schultz and Ian Baldwin,reported that young maple trees getting bitten by insects send out a particular smell that neighboring plants can get. 句意早在 1983 年,杰克·舒尔茨和伊恩·鲍德温两位科学家报道说被昆虫咬的年轻枫树会释 放一种邻近的植物能够获得的特殊气味。 分析本句中第一个 that 引导宾语从句,作 reported 的宾语,从句中包含一个 that 引导的定语 从句,修饰先行词 smell。getting bitten by insects 为动词-ing 形式作后置定语,修饰 maple trees。 6.(2017 全国Ⅱ,七选五)If someone knocks and it’s not an important matter,excuse yourself and let the person know you’re busy so they can get the hint(暗示) that when the door is closed,you’re not to be disturbed. 句意如果有人敲门,并且不是什么重要的事情,那就礼貌地谢绝,让别人知道你很忙,这样他 们就会得到暗示,当门关着的时候,你不想被打扰。 分析该句为 If 引导的条件状语从句。在主句中,you’re busy 是 know 的宾语从句。so 引导 结果状语从句,在结果状语从句中包含一个 that 引导的同位语从句,解释说明 hint 的内容。同时 同位语从句又包含了一个 when 引导的时间状语从句。 7.(2017 全国Ⅲ,B)Bradford sold the building and land to a local development firm,which plans to build a shopping complex on the land where the theater is located. 句意布拉德福德把建筑物和土地卖给了一家当地的开发商,这家开发商打算在电影院所在 的土地上建一个购物中心。 分析本句中由 which 引导非限制性定语从句,修饰先行词 a local development firm;此外,定 语从句中又包含一个由 where 引导的定语从句。 8.(2017 全国Ⅲ,D)The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are. 句意纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队已经把电动汽车转变成名叫“DriveLAB”的移动实验室, 目的是了解老年人司机面临的挑战和发现关键问题所在。 分析本句中,句子的主干为 The Intelligent Transport team at...have turned...“DriveLAB”。in order to 作目的状语。faced by...为过去分词作后置定语。 9.(2017 全国Ⅲ,D)For many older people,particularly those living alone or in the country,driving is important for preserving their independence,giving them the freedom to get out and about without having to rely on others. 句意对于很多老年人来说,特别是那些独居或在乡村的老年人,驾驶对于保持他们(老年人) 的独立性是非常重要的,让他们可以自由出行,而不必依赖他人。 分析本句的主干是 driving is...independence。giving them...是动词-ing 形式作状语。 10.(2017 全国Ⅲ,D)Research shows that giving up driving is one of the key reasons for a fall in health and well-being among older people,leading to them becoming more isolated(隔绝) and inactive. 句意研究表明,放弃开车是导致老年人健康和幸福状况下降的主要原因之一,使他们变得更 加孤立和懒散。 分析 that 引导宾语从句,宾语从句中 giving up driving 为动词-ing 形式短语作主语。leading to...动词-ing 形式作结果状语。 四、读后续写积素材——续写生动又形象 ◆表达时间 1.after a while/moment 不久之后 2.from then on 从那时起 3.on his arrival at home 他一到家 4.as soon as he opened the box 他一打开箱子 5.the moment he saw the book 他一看见这本书 6.Weeks passed by.几周过去了。 7.Soon summer vocation came.不久暑假到了。 8.I’ll leave after he comes back.他回来后我就走。 9.For a long time they held each other.他们拥抱了很久。 10.It was not long before the policemen arrived.不久警察来了。 11.We stayed from Monday till Friday.我们从星期一待到星期五。 12.As time went by,they fell in love with each other.随着时间流逝,他们相爱了。 13.It was early on the morning of April 2,2020.那是在 2020 年 4 月 2 日的早晨。 14.The ship was due to sail the following morning.这条船应在第二天的早晨出发。 15.It was not until 11 o’clock that he came back last night.昨晚直到 11 点他才回来。 16.One spring day the school arranged an outing.春季的一天,学校安排了一次郊游。 17.It’s now October and it’s one month since I moved in.现在是十月,我搬进来已经一个月 了。 18.It was an unusual day for summer,damp and cold.这是夏季少有的一天,又湿又冷。 19.We had hardly left the house when it began to rain.我们刚刚离家天就开始下起雨来。 20.It is time to come up with a plan to protect the bird.到了制定计划来保护这种鸟的时候了。 ◆表达地点 1.in the sky 在空中 2.by the lake 在湖边 3.on a farm 在农场 4.in the sun 在阳光下 5.behind the door 在门后 6.at the doctor’s 在诊所 7.in the living room 在起居室 8.on the edge of 在……边上 9.at the grocery store 在杂货店 10.at the railway station 在火车站 11.in the distance 在远处 12.on the sidewalk 在人行道上 13.under a big tree 在一棵大树下 14.at the foot of the mountains 在山脚下 15.in front of the building 在大楼的前面 16.in an amusement park 在一家游乐园 17.among the crowd 在人群中 18.at the corner of the house 在屋子的一个角落里 19.wherever we go 无论我们去哪里 20.return to where he was 回到他原来的地方 21.on the trip from the park to the hotel 从公园到宾馆的途中 22.three miles away 三英里之外的地方 23.Our hotel is quite far away.我们的宾馆相当远。 24.They admitted that they were then on the spot.他们承认当时在现场。 25.My grandparents live in a village among the hills.我祖父母住在一个群山环抱的村庄里。 ◆表达动作 1.stand up straight 站直 2.rush out of school 飞快跑出学校 3.a walk across the field 穿过田野的散步 4.spring to one’s feet 一跃而起 5.sit on the wheelchair 坐在轮椅上 6.lie on the earth 躺在地上 7.get out of the seat 从座位上下来 8.turn to the right 向右转 9.shout happily 高兴地喊 10.go back to fetch the book 回去取书 11.pick up the bag by mistake 拿错了包 12.hand a letter to me 把一封信递给了我 13.carry sth in his hand 手里拿着东西 14.pull up at the gate of our school 在我们学校门口停车 15.start the car suddenly 突然启动车子 16.play a joke on sb 开某人的玩笑 17.go back home from work very late 下班回家很晚 18.look around with great interest 怀着极大的兴趣向四周看 19.come across an old friend 偶遇一个老朋友 20.enjoy the sunrise and sunset 看日出日落 21.get sb on the phone 叫某人接电话 22.wander around the street 在街上溜达 23.look up at the stars 仰望天上的星星 24.They exchanged a glance.他们互相看了一眼。 25.A good idea suddenly occurred to him.他突然想起一个好主意。 26.She screamed into the dark night.她尖声叫着冲进黑夜中。 27.They would like to walk arm in arm after class.放学后他们喜欢挽臂而行。 28.At this moment,he breathed a sigh of relief.这时候,他松了口气。 ◆心理活动 1.in a trembling voice 用颤抖的声音 2.with his two legs shaking 双腿还在颤抖 3.to one’s disappointment 令某人失望的是 4.a strong sense of loss 强烈的失落感 5.be satisfied with 对……感到满意 6.without any complaint 从不抱怨 7.be seized with panic 惊慌失措 8.take pride in 为……骄傲 9.be eager to do sth 渴望做某事 10.be anxious for 为……担忧 11.burst out crying 放声大哭 12.from the bottom of one’s heart 发自内心,诚心诚意 13.be annoyed at 因……而恼怒 14.take an interest in 对……感兴趣 15.take a deep breath 深深地吸了一口气 16.be puzzled at sth 对……迷惑不解 17.an admiring eyes 赞赏的眼神 18.throw a curious glance at sb 好奇地向某人看了一眼 19.on the top of the world 非常幸福 20.show no signs of tiredness 毫无倦意 21.cast an admiring glance at sb 向某人投以爱慕的目光 22.give sb a sharp scolding 严厉斥责某人 23.in pained silence 痛苦的沉默着 24.in a bad mood 心情不好 25.in a depressed emotion 心情压抑 26.be fascinated with her beauty 被她的美貌吸引 27.tears beginning blocked her eyes 眼泪阻挡了她的视线 28.beyond one’s understanding 无法理解 29.feel a huge sympathy for sb 感觉非常同情某人 30.a broad smile spreading across his face 开朗的微笑在他脸上舒展开 31.She is filled with happiness.她内心充满了幸福。 32.His face expanded with a satisfied smile.他的脸上绽开满意的笑容。 33.Suddenly I saw his face light up. 突然我发现他的脸上露出喜色。 34.The beautiful day puts us in a light mood. 美好的天气使我们心情愉快。 35.She went wild with joy at the thought of welcoming her father back. 想起要迎接父亲归来,她欣喜若狂。 36.Tears were rolling down his cheeks. 眼泪顺着他的面颊滚落下来。 37.I felt the pain in her heart. 我感觉到了她内心的痛苦。 38.He had nothing to say,just crying.他无话可说,只是哭。 39.Knowing this,my eyes were filled with tears. 知道了这件事,我热泪盈眶。 40.When I saw this,tears streamed from my eyes. 当我看到这种情景,眼泪就涌出来了。 41.Sometimes he bursts into anger. 有时候他会勃然大怒。 42.There was a flash of anger in his eyes. 他的眼中闪过一道怒火。 43.He held back his anger without saying a single word. 他忍住怒火没出声。 44.He took pity on the boy. 他同情这个男孩。 45.They were relieved at the news. 听到这一消息,他们放心了。 46.Seeing the scene,you will be pleasantly surprised. 看到这一幕,你会感到惊喜不已。 ◆结局与启示 1.I will never forget that sunny afternoon. 我永远也忘不了那个阳光明媚的下午。 2.Changes are necessary in the world,and the changes should be from us. 世界需要改变,改变需要从我们开始。 3.It is our choices that show what we truly are,far more than our abilities. 决定我们一生的不是我们的能力,而是我们的选择。 4.As an old saying goes,there’s no gift better than appreciation. 俗话说得好,欣赏是最好的礼物。 5.I just couldn’t help thinking about the time we spent together. 我不禁想起了我们一起度过的时光。 6.I was always there when someone I loved needed me most. 当我最爱的人需要我的时候,我会一直在那里。 7.All you need to do is keep trying and testing your limits. 你需要做的就是不停地尝试并挑战你的极限。 8.The life lesson I have learned from you will stay with me forever. 我从你身上学到的生活哲理将会永远伴随着我。 9.The truth of happiness is holding our dreams tightly but never failing to watch the beautiful scenery around us. 幸福的真谛是:我们要紧握梦想,但永远也不要错过欣赏我们周围的美景。 10.Only by treasuring the things we have will it be accessible for us to make our life colorful. 只有珍惜我们所拥有的,才可能使我们的生活丰富多彩。 11.Help means under any circumstances,we can give a hand to people in a dilemma. 帮助意味着,在任何情况下我们都能向处于困境中的人伸出手。 12.Opportunity does not come along,and what we need to do is just discover it. 机会不会自己来,我们需要做的就是发现它。 13.I’ll tell my children the story and let them know what the real meaning of love is. 我要把这个故事告诉我的孩子,让他们知道爱的真正含义是什么。 14.It’s typical of us to try to get what others have and turn a blind eye to what we have that others admire. 我们通常想得到其他人拥有的,而无视我们拥有其他人羡慕的东西。 15.Face the past with the least regret,face the present with the least waste and face the future with the most dreams. 不悔恨过去,不荒度现在,充满梦想,面对未来。 五、概要写作备词句——表述准确且精炼 ◆一词多译 ★名词 年轻人 young people,youngster,youth 青少年 teenager,adolescent 老年人 old people,the old,the elderly,the aged,senior citizens 人们 people,persons,folk 人类 man,human,human beings,mankind,human race 顾客 customer,shopper,purchaser,consumer 垃圾 rubbish,litter,trash 孩子 child,kid 会议 meeting,conference 财富 wealth,fortune,treasure 地区 district,region,area,zone 名声 fame,reputation 娱乐 entertainment,recreation,amusement,pastime ★动词(短语) 允许 allow,permit 保持 keep,hold,reserve 感谢 thank,appreciate 经历 experience,go through 造成 cause,lead to,give rise to,result in,bring about 参加 attend,join in,take part in,get involved in,participate in 提出 bring forward,put forward,raise,come up with,bring up 赞成 be for,in favor of,approve of,on one’s side,argue for,stand for 反对 oppose,be against,object to,be opposed to,argue against,stand against 充分利用 make full use of,make the most/best of,take full advantage of 减轻 ease,relieve,lighten 分发 hand out,give out,distribute 转换 transform,switch 预订 book,reserve 推迟 put off,delay 禁止 ban,forbid,prohibit 结果是 turn out,prove to be,come out 当心 watch out,look out,take care,be careful 展示 show,present,demonstrate 培养 develop,cultivate,educate,train 保护 protect,defend,guard,preserve,shelter 停止 stop,cease,pause,put an end 帮助 help,assist,aid 照顾 look after,take care of,care for 破坏 destroy,ruin,damage 适合 be suitable for,be fit for 改进 improve,promote,enhance,better,perfect 减少 reduce,cut,decrease,lessen 充当 act as,serve as,work as 习惯于 be accustomed to,be used to (doing) 适应于 be adapted to,be adjusted to 位于 lie in,be located,be situated in 面临 be faced with,face,encounter 建立 establish,found,build,create,set up 降低至 lower to,decrease to,reduce to 确保 ensure,assure,guarantee,see to it that,make sure 增长至 grow to,rise to,increase to,go up to 记得 remember,bear in mind,keep in memory 依赖 depend on,rely on,lean on,count on 解决 solve,deal with,work out,cope with,resolve 拥有 have,own,possess,be in possession of,take possession of 注意 pay attention to,focus on,concentrate on,keep one’s eyes open 跟上;赶上 keep up with,keep pace with,catch up with 引起某人的注意 attract/draw one’s attention,catch one’s eyes 将……付诸实施 put...into practice/action,carry out 负责 be in charge of,take charge of,be responsible for 调查 inquire into,look into,investigate 满足……的需要 meet/satisfy/suit /fulfill one’s need 与……保持联系 keep/stay in touch/contact with,keep track of 摆脱……的习惯 kick/fall out of/get out of/break the habit of... 促进……的发展 promote/stimulate/advance the development of... 开始做 start to do/doing,set about doing,get down to doing,set out to do 养成……的习惯 fall into/get into/ develop / form/build up the habit of... 强调 stress,emphasize,attach great importance to,lay stress on,underline 增强意识 raise/increase/strengthen/ arouse one’s awareness 和谐相处 live in harmony with,be at peace with,live in peace with,get on/along well with ★形容词 丰富的 abundant,plentiful 出名的 famous,notable,celebrated,famed 怀疑的 doubtful,skeptical,suspicious 明显的 clear,obvious,apparent,evident 生气的 angry,annoyed 合理的 reasonable,sensible,logical 乏味的 boring,dull,tiresome 快的 fast,quick,rapid,speedy 简单的 easy,simple,effortless,uncomplicated 聪明的 smart,clever,intelligent,gifted ◆花样句式 1.会议大约持续了三个小时。 ①The meeting took roughly three hours. ②The meeting lasted three hours more or less. ③The meeting ended/ came to an end about three hours later. ④It took three hours or so to cover the meeting. 2.这家具花了我 500 美元。 ①I paid $500 for the furniture. ②I bought the furniture for $500. ③I spent $500 on the furniture. ④I spent $500 in buying the furniture. ⑤The furniture cost me $500. 3.他们的饮食以蔬菜为主。 ①Their diet consists largely of vegetables. ②Their diet is mainly made up of vegetables. ③Their diet is mainly composed of vegetables. ④Vegetables mainly make up their diet. ⑤Their diet is rich in vegetables. 4.由于天气恶劣,所有航班被取消。 ①Weather is really bad,as a result,all the flights have been cancelled. ②All the flights have been cancelled because of the bad weather. ③All the flights have been called off owing to the bad weather. ④Weather being bad,all the flights have been cancelled. ⑤The weather is really bad,for which all the flights have been called off. ⑥That all the flights have been cancelled is due to the bad weather. 5.她不但懂英语,日语也说得很好。 ①Besides knowing some English,she speaks Japanese very well. ②Apart from knowing some English,she speaks Japanese very well. ③She knows some English,and speaks fluent Japanese as well. ④She not only knows some English,but also speaks Japanese fluently. ⑤Not only does she know some English,but also she speaks Japanese fluently. 6.他沉迷于科学研究之中。 ①He is addicted to scientific research. ②He abandoned herself to scientific research. ③He was buried in scientific research. ④He applied himself to scientific research completely. 7.当今越来越多的家庭买汽车。 ①Nowadays,more and more families have bought cars. ②Currently more and more families have purchased cars. ③At present/At the present time,an increasing number of families have purchased cars. ④Today the number of families who have bought cars is on the rise. ⑤Now families in growing numbers have purchased cars. 8.那个问题太难了,我无法解决。 ①That problem is too difficult for me to solve. ②That problem is so difficult that I can’t solve it. ③That problem is not easy enough for me to solve. ④That problem is beyond my ability. ⑤It is so difficult a problem that I can’t solve it. ⑥It is such a difficult problem that I can’t solve it. 9.我的录音机坏了。 ①My tape recorder is out of order. ②My tape recorder doesn’t/won’t work. ③There is something wrong with my tape recorder. ④Something is wrong with my tape recorder. ⑤Something has gone wrong with my tape recorder. ⑥My tape recorder has broken down. 10.他不仅是我们的老师,还是我们的朋友。 ①He is more than our teacher.He is also our friend. ②He is not only our teacher,but also our friend. ③He is our teacher as well as our friend. ④Not only is he our teacher,but also he is our friend. ⑤Teacher as he is,he is more like our friend. ⑥As a teacher,he makes us feel that he is more like our friend. 11.地球上有各种各样的植物和动物。 ①There are all kinds of plants and animals on the earth. ②There are various plants and animals on the earth. ③A variety of/All kinds of plants and animals live on the earth. ④The earth is home to a range of wildlife. ⑤There are diverse species on the earth. ⑥A diversity of species exists on the globe. 12.他把成功归功于他受过良好的教育。 ①He made a great success because he was better educated. ②His success was due to the good education he had got. ③He owed his success to the good education he had received. ④His success lay in/resulted from the good education he had received. ⑤The good education he had received led to/resulted in/contributed to his success. 13.你可以从因特网上获得大量信息。 ①You can obtain plenty of information on the Internet. ②An ocean of information is accessible/available on the Internet. ③There is abundant information for you to get on the Internet. 14.什么导致了火灾对警察来说是个谜。 ①What caused the fire is a puzzle to the police. ②What resulted in the fire puzzled the police. ③What puzzled the police was what contributed to the fire. ④The police are in a puzzle about the cause of the fire. ⑤The police are puzzled about what led to the fire. ⑥It is a puzzle to the police what caused the fire. 15.我们不得不忍受交通拥挤所带来的不便。 ①We had to put up with the inconvenience of the heavy traffic. ②We had to bear/stand the inconvenience of the heavy traffic. ③With heavy traffic,we had to tolerate the inconvenience. 16.据说,医疗事故导致了她的死亡。 ①Medical accident was said to have contributed to her death. ②It was said that medical accident had resulted in her death. ③Her death was said to have resulted from medical accident. ④ As was said,it was medical accident that led to her death. ⑤It was said that medical accident was to blame for her death. ⑥It was said that medical accident accounted for her death. 17.现在,中国再也不是 30 年前的景象了。 ①China is no longer the country that it used to be 30 years ago. ②China is no longer what it used to be 30 years ago. ③China is no longer the same country as it used to be 30 years ago. ④Great changes have taken place in China in the past 30 years. 18.我们怎么能用更多的方法处理这个问题? ①What can we do with the problem by using more methods? ②How can we deal with/cope with the problem with more methods? ③How can we handle the problem in more ways? ④How can we solve/resolve/settle the problem by more means? 19.你将会从这次有价值的经历中获益很多。 ①The valuable experience is beneficial to you. ②You will benefit from/profit from this valuable experience. ③This valuable experience will benefit/do good to/be helpful for you. ④You will gain/obtain benefit from the valuable experience. ⑤The valuable experience is of benefit to you. 20.毫无疑问,我们的教育制度令人不满意。 ①No doubt that our educational system is something unsatisfactory. ②It is undoubted that our educational system is far from being satisfying. ③Undoubtedly,our educational system still has a long way to go to be satisfactory. 21.由于多种原因,很多野生动物都已经灭绝了。 ①For many different reasons,many species of wildlife have already died out. ②For various reasons,a variety/diversity of wild species have become extinct. ③Many of the wild species have disappeared on the earth for reasons of all kinds. 22.参加会议的人员提出了有关环保的问题。 ①People who attended the meeting put forward the problem of the environmental protection. ②People present at the meeting came up with the problem of the environmental protection. ③The problem of the environmental protection came up at the meeting. ④People who were present at the meeting brought forward the problem of the environmental protection. 23.当地政府必须采取措施阻止动物灭绝。 The local government must take measures/steps/action to stop animals dying out. 24.他把一生都献给了那些需要帮助的孩子。 ①He devoted all his life to helping the needy children. ②He was devoted to helping the children who are in need of help in his whole life. ③He was always busy helping the children who are in need of help all through his life. ④He was always occupied in helping the children who are in need of help all through his life. ⑤He occupied himself in helping the children who are in need of help throughout his life. ⑥He has devoted his life to those children who are in need of help. 25.对人类来说,战胜新冠肺炎不是一件容易的事。 ①For humans,to defeat COVID-19 is not an easy thing. ②It is a difficult task for human beings to beat COVID-19. ③Mankind finds it a hard job to get rid of COVID-19. ④It takes man great efforts to win the battle against COVID-19. 六、考前精准细回顾——完胜高考在 7 天 第 1 天 ◆动词过去式、过去分词的变化规则 1.一般情况下,动词词尾加-ed。如: work→worked　play→played　want→wanted　act→acted 2.以不发音的 e 结尾的动词,动词词尾加-d。如: live→lived　move→moved　taste→tasted　hope→hoped 3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,把 y 变为 i 再加-ed。如: study→studied　copy→copied　cry→cried　carry→carried 4.以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加-ed。如: stop→stopped　beg→begged　drag→dragged　drop→dropped　plan→planned　fit→fitted 5.以下动词加-ed 或-ing 要双写最后一个字母。如: regret→regretted→regretting control→controlled→controlling admit→admitted→admitting occur→occurred→occurring prefer→preferred→preferring refer→referred→referring permit→permitted→permitting equip→equipped→equipping 注意:quarrel,signal,travel 中的 l 可双写(英式英语)也可不双写(美式英语) ◆词类转换,精准拼写 1.absent adj.缺席的;不在的→　　　　　　 n.缺席,不在 2.access n.接近;通路→　　　　　　 adj.可接近的 3.accept v.接受;认可→　　　　　　 adj.可接受的→　　　　　　 n.同意;认可 4.active adj.忙碌的,活跃的→　　　　　　 n.活动;活跃 5.adjust v.适应;调整→　　　　　　 n.调整;调节 6.admit v.允许进入;承认→　　　　　　 n.允许进入;承认 7.admire v.钦佩→　　　　　 adj.可钦佩的;值得赞赏的→　　　　　　 n.钦佩;赞赏 8.advance v.前进;发展→　　　　　　 adj.先进的;高级的 9.advertise v.做广告→　　　　　　 n.广告;启事 10.agree v.同意;赞成→　　　　　　 n.协定;(意见的)一致,相合 11.agriculture n.农业;农学→　　　　　　 adj.农业的;农用的 12.amaze v.使惊奇;使惊愕→　　　　　　 n.惊奇;诧异 13.amuse v.逗乐;使消遣→　　　　　　 n.开心;娱乐 14.anger n.愤怒→　　　　　　 adv.生气地 15.announce v.宣布→　　　　　　 n.通告;公告;宣布 16.appreciate v.感激;欣赏→　　　　　　 n.感激;欣赏 17.approve v.赞成;批准→　　　　　　 n.赞成;批准 18.apply v.申请;应用→　　　　　　 n.申请(书);应用 19.argue v.争论;争吵→　　　　　　 n.争辩 20.arrange v.安排;筹划→　　　　　　 n.安排;筹划 答案 1.absence　2.accessible　3.acceptable;acceptance　4.activity　5.adjustment 6.admission　7.admirable;admiration　8.advanced　9.advertisement　10.agreement 11.agricultural　12.amazement　13.amusement　14.angrily　15.announcement 16.appreciation　17.approval　18.application　19.argument　20.arrangement ◆熟词生义,发散思维 1.ache(熟义:v./n.疼痛) All of the witnesses are aching for home.(v.渴望) 2.address (熟义:v.写地址　n.地址) The newly-elected president will address the conference this evening.(v.向……发表演说) 3.advance(熟义:v./n.前进,推进) The new assistant asked for an advance on her salary.(n.预付款) 4.against(熟义:prep.反对;逆着;依靠;与……竞争) The painting looks nice against the white wall.(prep.以……为背景;映衬) 5.air(熟义:n.空气;航空) The details of the negotiation will go on air at 6 this Sunday.(n.广播) 6.announce(熟义:v.宣布) Warm sunshine announces the approaching of the spring.(v.预示着) 7.about(熟义:prep.关于;周围;附近) The manager seems to have no money about/on him.(prep.带在身上) 8.around(熟义:prep.四周,周围) Those experts from Beijing will be back at around 5 o’clock.(adv.大约) 9.balance(熟义:v./n.平衡) Make sure that you go and check your bank balance.(n.差额;余款) The school aims to balance the time spent on arts and science subjects.(v.权衡) 10.bar(熟义:n.棒,条;酒吧) Poor health may be a bar to success in life.(n.障碍) 11.back(熟义:adv./ n.后面) If you back your car out of the driveway,I can get mine in.(v.使倒退) Many of his friends backed his plan of creating another platform.(v.支持) 12.blue(熟义:adj./ n.蓝色) Your elder sister appeared blue when she failed in her experiment last time.(adj.忧伤的) 13.build(熟义:v.建设) My personal bodyguard has a solid build.(n.身材;体形) 14.badly(熟义:adv.坏地,恶劣地) Both sides want to win the coming final so badly.(adv.很,非常) 15.cause(熟义:v.致使) These young graduates are working for a great cause and I am proud of them.(n.事业) ◆词汇升级,写作增分 1.用 inform sb of/that 替换 tell sb that 表示“告诉” Please inform us of your decision in advance.请提前告知我们你的决定。 2.用 convey 替换 express 表示“表达” I’m writing to convey my sincere thanks to you.我写这封信是要表达对您的真诚感谢。 3.用 intend to do 替换 want to do 表示“想要做” So far as I know,all of them intend to be top students.据我所知,他们都想成为优秀学生。 4.用 be aware 替换 realize 表示“意识到” As a teenager,I am aware that being responsible is very important.作为青少年,我意识到负责任 是很重要的。 5.用 attentively 替换 carefully 表示“认真地” We stood around her and watched attentively.我们站在她身边,仔细地看着。 6.用 be of great benefit/be very beneficial/be rewarding 替换 be good/be helpful 表示“对……有 好处” Sports are very beneficial to building our bodies.体育运动有益于增进我们的体质。 7.用 as a consequence 替换 as a result 表示“结果” As a consequence,children started to dislike their parents.结果,孩子们开始不喜欢他们的父 母。 8.用 acquire/obtain 替换 get 表示“得到” We should try to acquire some knowledge of COVID-19.我们应该了解一些新冠肺炎的知识。 9.用 have a good command of/have a good knowledge of 替换 be good at 表示“擅长,精通” The tailor has a good command of English.那位裁缝精通英语。 10.用 request 替换 ask 表示“要求” All the visitors were requested not to throw waste away in the park.所有的游客都被要求不能在 公园里乱扔垃圾。 第 2 天 ◆可数名词复数形式的变化规则 1.规则变化 (1)一般情况加-s:teachers,doctors,students,tables (2)以 s,x,ch,sh 结尾的加-es:dishes,boxes,glasses,branches(树枝),但 stomach(胃)复数形式直接 加-s,即 stomachs (3)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变 y 为 i 再加-es:babies,armies(军队),families,bodies (4)以“元音字母+y”结尾的加-s:toys,boys,ways,keys (5)以 f 或 fe 结尾的大都变 f 或 fe 为 v,再加-es:knives,shelves(架子),thieves,wives,lives,但少 数加-s:proofs(证据),roofs(房顶),beliefs(信仰),chiefs(首领) (6)以 o 结尾的通常加-s:videos(视频),zoos(动物园),radios,tobaccos(烟草),但有的加- es:potatoes,heroes,tomatoes 2.不规则变化 (1)名词前有 man 或 woman 修饰,变复数时,作定语的 man 或 woman 和后面的名词都要变成 复数:woman doctor→women doctors。 (2)常见单复数同形的名词:Chinese,means(方式),works(工厂),sheep,deer(鹿),series(系 列),fish,fruit。但 fish,fruit 表示种类时可加复数词尾,即 fishes,fruits。 (3)自身有特殊变化的名词:child→children,man→men,foot→feet,tooth→teeth,medium(传播媒 介)→media,mouse(老鼠)→mice,phenomenon(现象)→phenomena (4)有些名词通常只用作复数:glasses(眼镜),clothes(衣服),goods(货物),trousers(裤 子),belongings(所有物),surroundings(环境),cattle(牛),congratulations(祝贺)。 (5)下列固定搭配中的名词常用复数:have words with sb (同某人吵架),in high spirits(情绪高 昂),give one’s regards to sb (向某人问候),in rags(衣衫褴褛),have good manners(有礼貌)。 ◆ 词类转换,精准拼写 1.attract v.吸引;引起→　　　　　　 adj.有吸引力的 2.bear v.忍受;忍耐→　　　　　　 adj.可忍受的 3.beauty n.美丽→　　　　　　 adj.美丽的 4.believe v.相信;认为→　　　　　　 n.信念;信心 5.breath n.气息;呼吸→　　　　　　 adj.气喘吁吁的 6.careful adj.仔细的,细心的→　　　　　　 n.粗心;疏忽 7.celebrate v.庆祝→　　　　　　 n.庆祝;庆祝会 8.center n.中心点;中心→　　　　　　 adj.中央的;中心的 9.change v.改变;变化→　　　　　　 adj.可能变化的 10.cheer v.欢呼;喝彩→　　　　　　 adj.快乐的;高兴的 11.choose v.选择;挑选→　　　　　　 n.选择;挑选 12.collect v.收集;采集→　　　　　　 n.收藏品 13.comfortable adj.舒服的→　　　　　　 adv.舒服地→　　　　　　 adj.不舒服的 14.commit v.犯罪;承诺→　　　　　　 n.承诺;投入 15.communicate v.沟通;传达→　　　　　　 n.交流;传达 16.compete v.竞争;对抗→　　　　　　 n.竞争者,对手 17.concentrate v.集中(注意力)→　　　　　　 n.专心;专注 18.conclude v.得出结论→　　　　　　 n.结论 19.confident adj.自信的;有自信心的→　　　　　　 n.信心;信任 20.confuse v.使困惑;混淆→　　　　　　 adj.令人困惑的→　　　　　　 adj.感到困惑的 答案 1.attractive　2.bearable　3.beautiful　4.belief　5.breathless　6.carelessness　 7.celebration　8.central　9.changeable　10.cheerful　11.choice　12.collection 13.comfortably;uncomfortable　14.commitment　15.communication　16.competitor 17.concentration　18.conclusion　19.confidence　20.confusing;confused ◆熟词生义,发散思维 1.chance(熟义:n.机会) I’m not sure of my success,but let me take a chance.(n.冒险) I chanced to see the famous scientist last Sunday.(v.碰巧) 2.count(熟义:n./ v.计算,数) There are 10 parents in the classroom counting two teachers.(v.包括) It is not how much you read but what you read that counts.(v.有价值;重要) 3.cost(熟义:v.花费　n.费用,成本;代价) That young doctor’s brave action cost him his life.(v.以牺牲……为代价) 4.cover(熟义:v.覆盖) The tourists had covered 20 miles before dark.(v.走完一段路) How many pages have you covered?(v.看完多少页书) Yesterday’s discussion covered a lot of topics.(v.涉及) These doctors’ stories were covered in China Daily.(v.报道) The money will cover all your expenses in the university.(v.够付) 5.cross(熟义:v.跨越,横穿　n.十字) Don’t be cross with him.After all,he meant to help.(adj.生气的) 6.cut(熟义:v.割) Buyers will try hard to cut the cost of the house they want.(v.削减) 7.develop(熟义:v.发展;开发;研制) Did you have the films developed?(v.冲洗胶卷) After developing a strange disease,he developed an interest in medicine.(v.患病;逐渐形成) 8.digest(熟义:v.消化　n.文摘) I struggle to digest the news in today’s newspaper.(v.理解,领悟) 9.do(熟义:v.做) The shoes won’t do for mountain climbing.(v.行,适合) What makes us relaxed is that everything is doing well.(v.进展) 10.down(熟义:adv.向下,在下面) I have been down ever since I heard the news.(adj.情绪低落的) 11.employ(熟义:v.雇用) The police employed force to open the door.(v.利用,使用) She was employed in preparing for the sports meet.(v.忙于) 12.escape(熟义:v.逃跑;逃脱) His name escapes me for the moment.(v.被忘掉;被忽视) 13.even(熟义:adv.甚至) The room should be kept at an even temperature.(adj.均匀的,稳定的) The woman singer smiled,showing her small even teeth.(adj.整齐的) “I think you are mistaken,” mother said in an even tone.(adj.平静的;平和的) 14.express(熟义:v.表达) Is there an express from Nanjing to Shanghai?(n.快车) I’ll express the sea food to my parents.(v.快递) 15.fail(熟义:v.失败) Trapped in a traffic jam,he failed to catch the train.(v.未能) The professor is failing in health./The professor’s health is failing.(v.衰退,衰弱) Words failed me to describe my inner feeling.(v.使失望;有负于;无能为力) ◆词汇升级,写作增分 1.用 increasingly 替换 more and more 表示“越来越……” Badminton is becoming increasingly popular in our neighborhood. 打羽毛球在我们小区日益盛行。 2.用 keep/bear in mind 替换 remember 表示“记住” We will keep/bear our friendship in mind all the time. 我们会一直记住我们的友谊。 3.用 participate in/get involved in 替换 take part in 表示“参加” Students should participate in outdoor activities frequently. 学生应经常参加户外活动。 4.用 personally (speaking)替换 in my opinion 表示“在我看来” Personally,it is better to read some English magazines. 依我看,阅读一些英文杂志更好。 5.用 make great efforts to do/spare no effort to do 替换 try to do 表示“努力做某事” We will spare no effort to help the victims in the flooded areas. 我们将不遗余力地去帮助那些水灾地区的灾民。 6.用 various/varieties of/a variety of/a wide range of 替换 all kinds of 表示“各种各样的” There are a variety of/a wide range of positions for you to choose from. 有各种各样的职位供你们选择。 7.用 due to 替换 because of 表示“由于” The door guard arrived late due to the heavy traffic. 由于交通拥挤,门卫来晚了。 8.用 contribute to (doing) sth 替换 lead to (doing) sth 表示“导致(某人做)某事” His drinking too much contributed to the car accident. 他的酗酒导致了那次车祸。 9.用 be occupied in doing sth/with sth 替换 be busy in doing sth/with sth 表示“忙于……” I was occupied in my study and seldom have time to surf the Internet. 我忙于研究,很少上网。 10.用 outstanding/extraordinary 替换 good 表示“好” Mr Zhong Nanshan is an outstanding scientist. 钟南山先生是一位杰出的科学家。 第 3 天 ◆常考不规则动词表(1) 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing 形式 become became become becoming catch caught caught catching teach taught taught teaching come came come coming run ran run running overcome overcame overcome overcoming bring brought brought bringing buy bought bought buying fight fought fought fighting think thought thought thinking seek sought sought seeking feel felt felt feeling ◆词类转换,精准拼写 1.congratulate v.祝贺→　　　　　　 n.恭喜;祝贺 2.connect v.(使)连接;联结→　　　　　　 n.联系;连接 3.consider v.考虑,细想→　　　　　　 n.考虑;斟酌 4.construct v.建筑;修建→　　　　　　 n.建筑;建造 5.contain v.包含;容纳→　　　　　　 n.容器;集装箱 6.contribute v.捐献;捐赠→　　　　　　 n.贡献;捐献 7.convenient adj.方便的;便利的→　　　　　　 n.方便;便利 8.danger n.危险;风险→　　　　　　 adv.危险地 9.decide v.决定;选定→　　　　　　 n.决定,抉择 10.declare v.宣布;声明→　　　　　　 n.宣布;声明 11.deep adj.深的;厚的→　　　　　　 n.深度→　　　　　　 v.加强,加深 12.decorate v.装修;装潢→　　　　　　 n.装饰物;装饰 13.depend v.依赖;依靠→　　　　　 n.依赖;依靠→　　　　　　 adj.依赖的;依靠的 14.describe v.描述;形容→　　　　　　 n.形容;说明 15.determine v.决定;确定→　　　　　　 n.决心;决定 16.develop v.成长;发展→　　　　　　 n.发展 17.devote v.致力于;献身于→　　　　　　 n.挚爱;奉献 18.differ v.不同;有区别→　　　　　　 n.差别;差异→　　　　　　 adj.不同的 19.disagree v.不同意;有分歧→　　　　　　 n.意见不一;分歧 20.educate v.教育→　　　　　　 n.教育 答案 1.congratulation　2.connection　3.consideration　4.construction　5.container　 6.contribution　7.convenience　8.dangerously　9.decision　10.declaration　11.depth;deepen　 12.decoration　13.dependence;dependent　14.description　15.determination 16.development　17.devotion　18.difference;different　19.disagreement　20.education ◆熟词生义,发散思维 1.fine(熟义:adj.美好的,很棒的,晴朗的) The man will be fined if he parks the car there.(v.罚款) 2.force(熟义:vt.强迫) The hostess forced her way through the crowd of reporters.(v.用力;强行移动) My head teacher forced a smile when he saw me.(v. 挤出) 3.fresh(熟义:adj.新鲜的) There is a shortage of fresh water on the island.(adj.淡的,无盐的) The newcomer is clearly quite fresh to office work.(adj.无经验的) 4.fair(熟义:adj.公平的,合理的) My sixty-year-old grandma has long fair hair.(adj.浅色的,白皙的) An antique fair will be held in the city of Qufu.(n.商品交易会,展销会) 5.figure(熟义:n.数字,图形) I figured that if I took the night train,I could be in Scotland by the morning.(vt.认为;认定) Happily,my former deskmate is a leading figure in the music.(n.人物) 6.gain(熟义:v.获得,赢得) Don’t worry.My watch gains.We still have time.[v.(钟表)快] Just taking online lessons at home,I have gained weight recently.[v.增加(速度,重量)] 7.given(熟义:p.p.被给予) Given his poor health,the astronaut had better have a good rest.(prep.考虑到) 8.go(熟义:vi.去;变得) This information goes to prove my point.(vi.对……有帮助,有助于……) This imported machine goes by electricity.(vi.机器运行,运转,工作) Does everything go smoothly these days?(v.进展) The story goes that she has been married 5 times.[v.(故事)发生情况如何] Frankly,the curtain doesn’t go with the carpet.(vi.搭配) 9.hit(熟义:v.击中,打击) The Indian film is quite a hit of this year.(n.成功;红极一时的人或事) I couldn’t remember where I’d seen him before,and then it hit me.(v.突然想起) 10.hot(熟义:adj.炎热的) We’re waiting for the hot news on the election results.(adj.最新的) She is one of our school’s hottest young teacher.(adj.轰动的;走红的) 11.ill(熟义:adj.生病的;坏的;不良的) The wild animals were obviously ill treated in this place.(adv.坏地,糟糕地) 12.inch(熟义:n.英寸) The slim waitress inched the table to the wall.[v.(使)缓慢移动] 13.industry(熟义:n.工业,产业) The astronomer’s success was due to his industry.(n.勤奋) 14.just(熟义:adv.正好,恰好) Many lawyers no longer viewed it as a just case.(adj.公正的) I can just imagine the author’s reaction.(adv.完全地;真正地) 15.key(熟义:n.钥匙;答案) The key factor in the bridegroom’s success is his enthusiasm.(adj.关键的) ◆词汇升级,写作增分 1.用 better 替换 improve 表示“改善” Immediate actions should be taken to better the environment.应该立即采取行动来改善环境。 2.用 shoulder responsibility 替换 take responsibility 表示“承担责任” Why are they afraid of shouldering responsibility?为什么他们不敢负责任? 3.用 around the corner 替换 be coming soon 表示“即将来临” Our final test is around the corner.我们的期末考试即将来临。 4.用 count/matter 替换 be important 表示“重要” It is not the arrival but the journey that counts.重要的不是到达目的地而是旅游本身。 5.用 enable sb to do 替换 make sb do 表示“使某人做某事” This job will enable me to support my family.这份工作能使我养活家庭。 6.用 fail to 替换 be unable to 表示“未能” I failed to persuade him to give up smoking.我没能劝说他把烟戒掉。 7.用 occur to 替换 think of 表示“想到” You need to explain how the idea occurs to you.你需要解释一下是如何想到这个主意的。 8.用 a growing number of/an increasing number of 替换 more and more 表示“越来越多的” An increasing/A growing number of people are wearing masks.戴口罩的人越来越多。 9.用 a must 替换 something that you must do 表示“必须要做的事” English is a must for me to communicate with others in my daily life.英语对我来说,是日常生活 中与他人交流所必备的。 10.用 appeal to(sb)/(sb) take a great interest in 替换(sb) be interested in 表示“对……感兴趣” The volunteer work in Wuhan appeals to me greatly.在武汉的那份志愿者工作我非常感兴 趣。 第 4 天 ◆常考不规则动词表(2) 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing 形式 keep kept kept keeping leave left left leaving sleep slept slept sleeping sweep swept swept sweeping weep(哭泣) wept wept weeping begin began begun beginning drink drank drunk drinking sing sang sung singing sink sank sunk sinking swim swam swum swimming ring rang rung ringing ◆词类转换,精准拼写 1.effect n.效应;影响→　　　　　　 adj.有效的 2.employ v.雇用→　　　　　　 n.雇主;老板→　　　　　　 n.员工;雇员 3.encourage v.鼓励;激励→　　　　　　 n.鼓励;激励 4.enjoy v.欣赏;喜爱→　　　　　　 adj.愉快的;使人快乐的 5.enter v.进来;进去→　　　　　　 n.大门(口);入口(处) 6.equip v.装备;配备→　　　　　　 n.装备;设备 7.explain v.解释;说明→　　　　　　 n.解释;说明 8.express v.表达;表示→　　　　　　 n.表达;表示;表情 9.extreme adj.极度的;极大的→　　　　　　 adv.极其;极端 10.fail v.失败→　　　　　　 n.失败(者) 11.fortune n.财产;运气→　　　　　　 adv.幸运地→　　　　　　 adj.不幸的 12.graduate v.毕业→　　　　　　 n.毕业 13.harm n./ v.伤害;损伤→　　　　　　 adj.有害的→　　　　　　 adj.无害的 14.health n.健康(状况)→　　　　　　 adj.健康的;健壮的 15.help n./ v.帮助→　　　　　　 adj.有帮助的→　　　　　　 adj.无助的 16.hope n./v.希望→　　　　　　 adj.抱有希望的→　　　　　　 adj.没有希望的 17.humor n.幽默(感)→　　　　　　 adj.幽默的 18.hunger n.饥饿;饥荒→　　　　　　 adj.感到饿的;饥饿的→　　　　　　 adv.饥饿地 19.impress v.使留下深刻印象→　　　　　　 n.印象→　　　　　　 adj.印象深刻的 20.improve v.改善;改进→　　　　　　 n.改善;改进 答案 1.effective　2.employer;employee　3.encouragement　4.enjoyable　5.entrance　 6.equipment　7.explanation　8.expression　9.extremely　10.failure　11.fortunately;unfortunate　 12.graduation　13.harmful;harmless　14.healthy　15.helpful;helpless 16.hopeful;hopeless　17.humorous　18.hungry;hungrily　19.impression;impressive 20.improvement ◆熟词生义,发散思维 1.kid(熟义:n.小孩) Take it easy.The captain is just kidding.(v.开玩笑;欺骗) 2.kill(熟义:v.杀掉,害死) The three champions often kill time by playing cards.[v.消磨(时间)] The chemist’s joke killed the audience.(vt.使笑得要死) 3.last [熟义:adj.最后的 v.延续,够用(多久)] This salesgirl is the last person to tell a lie.(adj.最不可能的) 4.let(熟义:v.让) The couple decided to let the smaller flat at a lower price.(v.出租) 5.long(熟义:adj.& adv.长的/地,久的/地) The clerks are longing to see the poet in the near future.(vi.渴望) 6.leave(熟义:v.离开;剩下;留下) Having worked hard for a long period,he decided to take a month’s paid leave.(n.休假) 7.mean(熟义:v.意思是,意味着) It’s mean of you to speak ill of others.(adj.自私的;卑鄙的;吝啬的) 8.nobody(熟义:pron.没有人) The coach wants to be famous.He is tired of being nobody.(n.小人物) 9.narrow(熟义:adj.狭窄的) His competitor had a narrow escape when his car ran on the ice.(adj.勉强的,刚刚好的) 10.occur(熟义:v.发生) It never occurred to him that he didn’t pass the driving test.(v.被想到) 11.observe(熟义:vt.注意到,察觉到) Do they observe Christmas Day in this country?(vt.庆祝节日,举行仪式等) The workers belonging to the factory must observe the rules.[vt.遵守(规则、法律等)] 12.practice(熟义:n.实践;练习) He makes the practice of reading newspapers during breakfast.(n.惯例,习俗) Where is your medical practice?[n.(医师、律师的)工作地点] 13.present(熟义:n.礼物 adj.现在的;到场的) On Teachers’ Day,students usually present flowers to teachers.(vt.赠送) 14.price(熟义:n.价格) We all know that the victory of fighting COVID-19 comes at a heavy price.(n.代价) 15.promise(熟义:v.& n.许诺) The dark clouds promise rain and you’d better take an umbrella.(v.有……的希望;使……有可 能) ◆词汇升级,写作增分 1.用 be supposed to 替换 should 表示“应该” We are supposed to be neatly dressed when at school.在校期间,我们应该衣着整洁。 2.用 of great concern 替换 worrying 表示“令人担忧的” The environment here is of great concern.这里的环境问题令人担忧。 3.用 tend to 替换 usually 表示“常常” Recently,the conductor tends to wake up early.最近,这个售票员常常醒得很早。 4.用 vital/of great significance/of great importance 替换 important 表示“至关重要” What the students do in their spare time is of great significance.学生们在课余时间做什么至关 重要。 5.用 lend a helping hand to 替换 help 表示“帮助” I will lend a helping hand to you when you come here to travel.你来这里旅行时我会帮你的。 6.用 account for 替换 explain 表示“解释” My consultant could not account for his being late again.我的顾问无法说明他再次迟到的原 因。 7.用 be faced with 替换 face 表示“面临” Faced with the difficulty,you must believe in yourself.面对困难时,你必须相信自己。 8.用 be fully/firmly convinced 替换 believe 表示“相信” I am firmly convinced that the number of tourists should be limited.我坚定地相信旅客的数量 应得到限制。 9.用 occasionally/once in a while 替换 sometimes 表示“有时,偶尔” Once in a while,we chat online to exchange our opinions.有时,我们通过网上聊天来交流观 点。 10.用 more than 替换 very 表示“非常,极其” I’m more than glad to learn that you are coming.得知你要来,我非常高兴。 第 5 天 ◆常考不规则动词表(3) 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing 形式 broadcast broadcast broadcast broadcasting cost cost cost costing cut cut cut cutting hurt hurt hurt hurting hit hit hit hitting let let let letting put put put putting rid rid rid ridding set set set setting spread spread spread spreading ◆词类转换,精准拼写 1.instruct v.命令;指示→　　　　　　 n.命令;操作指南 2.intend v.计划;打算→　　　　　　 n.意图;目的 3.interview n./v.面试→　　　　　　 n.采访者→　　　　　 n.参加面试者;被采访者 4.introduce v.介绍;引见→　　　　　　 n.介绍;引见 5.invent v.发明;创造→　　　　　　 n.发明;创造→　　　　　　 n.发明者;发明家 6.invite v.邀请→　　　　　　 n.邀请,请柬 7.joy n.高兴;愉快→　　　　　　 adj.高兴的;令人愉快的 8.laugh v.笑;发笑→　　　　　　 n.笑;笑声 9.lazy adj.懒散的;懒惰的→　　　　　　 n.懒散;懒惰 10.limit v.限制;限定→　　　　　　 adj.有限的 11.major adj.主要的;重要的→　　　　　　 n.大部分;大多数 12.manage v.负责;管理→　　　　　　 n.经理→　　　　　　n.经营;管理 13.marry v.结婚;嫁;娶→　　　　　　 n.婚姻 14.memory n.记忆力;记性→　　　　　　 adj.纪念的;悼念的 15.mix v.使混合;搅拌→　　　　　　 n.混合物 16.mountain n.高山;山岳→　　　　　　 adj.多山的 17.nation n.国家;民族→　　　　　　 adj.国家的;民族的 18.nature n.自然界;大自然→　　　　　 adj.自然的;天然的→　　　　　 adv.自然地 19.noise n.噪声→　　　　　　 adj.喧闹的;嘈杂的→　　　　　　 adv.喧闹地;嘈杂地 20.occupy v.使用,占用→　　　　　　 n.工作;职业;侵占 答案 1.instruction　2.intention　3.interviewer;interviewee　4.introduction　 5.invention;inventor　6.invitation　7.joyful　8.laughter　9.laziness　10.limited　11.majority 12.manager;management　13.marriage　14.memorial　15.mixture　16.mountainous 17.national　18.natural;naturally　19.noisy;noisily　20.occupation ◆熟词生义,发散思维 1.particular(熟义:adj.特殊的) She is very particular about what she eats and wears.(adj.挑剔的,讲究的) 2.press(熟义:n.& v.按,压) She pressed a letter into his hand and ran away.(v.将……塞进……) The press seemed not to be interested in this meeting.(n.新闻界,媒体) 3.raise(熟义:vt.提高;饲养) We had to raise money for our project.(vt.筹集) His behavior has raised some people’s doubt.(v.引起) 4.read(熟义:v.阅读) I didn’t read my mother’s thoughts at that time.(v.理解,领会) The thermometer(温度计) has been reading over 90 degrees all day.(v.指示;显示) The label reads,“Suitable only for children over there.”(v.写着) 5.reason(熟义:n.原因 vt.推理,推断) I tried to reason with him,but he wouldn’t listen.(v.和某人讲道理,规劝) 6.receive(熟义:vt.得到,收到) The first customers were received as honored guests in the newly-opened supermarket.(vt.接待; 欢迎) 7.reflect(熟义:v.映出;反射) I have been reflecting on possible reasons for my failure.(v.仔细考虑) 8.return(熟义:v.回来;归还) Would you like a single or a return?(n. 往返车票) 9.ripe(熟义:adj.成熟的) The conditions were ripe for their marriage.(adj.时机成熟的;适宜的) 10.rest(熟义:v.& n.休息) She rested her head on her husband’s shoulder.(v.把……倚靠在) Usually parents rest their hope on their children.(v.依靠,依赖) 11.rich(熟义:adj.有钱的,富有的) I don’t like that kind of rich chocolate dessert.(adj.油腻的) I have decided to buy a rich agricultural land in that country next year.(adj.肥沃的) That is a country with rich natural resources.(adj.丰富的) 12.round(熟义:prep.& adv.环绕,围着　adj.圆形的) We are losing the game in the last round due to our carelessness.(n.回合,局,轮,场) 13.run(熟义:v.跑) My father runs a fruit shop in our neighborhood.(vt.经营,管理) 14.rush(熟义:v.迅速移动) Don’t rush me.I need time to think about it.(v.使……仓促行事) 15.say(熟义:vt.说) Say that an earthquake breaks out,what will you do?(vt.假定) ◆句型多彩,写作增分 1.用“let/make/have/get/keep/leave...sb/sth do/doing/done...”表示“使/让……做/正在做/被 做……” We can’t leave such an important project unfinished.我们不能让这样一个重要的项目半途而 废。 2.用“see/notice/watch/hear...sb/sth do/doing/done...”表示“看到/注意到/观察到/听到某人/某物 做/正在做/被做……” I heard her practicing her pronunciation when I passed by her room yesterday.昨天走过她房间 时,我听见她在练习发音。 3.用“when/while/once/unless/although...+doing/done...”表示“当/当/有一次/除非/虽然……做/ 被做……” When offered help,you should say “Thank you.”当被提供帮助时,你应该说“谢谢”。 4.用“having done...”表示“已经做……” Having finished his English composition,he started to learn math.在已经完成了英语作文以后, 他开始学习数学。 5.用 by doing...表示“通过做……” Only by making greater efforts can you make greater progress.只有更加努力你才能取得更大 的进步。 6.用“疑问词+to do”表示“如何、什么、何时、哪里……” Our difficulty is where to raise so much money.我们的困难是到哪里筹集这么多钱。 7.用“only to do/to be done”表示“结果却……” He hurried to the Confucius Museum,only to find it was closed.他匆忙赶到孔子博物馆,却发现 关门了。 8.用“have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth”表示“做……有困难/麻烦” Now I still have some difficulty in communicating with the local people.现在我与当地人交流 仍然有一些困难。 9.用“I wonder whether/if...”表示“我想知道是否……” I wonder if you could do me a favor.不知道我能否请您帮个忙。 10.用“What impressed/surprised/shocked me most was that...”表示“最使我印象深刻/惊讶/震 惊的是……” What impressed me most was that they never lost heart.使我印象最深刻的是他们从不丧失信 心。 第 6 天 ◆常考不规则动词表(4) 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing 形式 spring(跳,跃起) sprang/sprung sprung springing shut shut shut shutting burn burnt/burned burnt/burned burning deal dealt dealt dealing dream dreamed/dreamt dreamed/dreamt dreaming hang hanged/hung hanged/hung hanging learn learned/learnt learned/learnt learning light lit/lighted lit/lighted lighting mean meant meant meaning prove proved proved/proven proving ◆词类转换,精准拼写 1.operate v.做手术;运转;操作;经营→　　　　　　 n.手术;经营→　　　　　　 n.操作人员 2.organize v.组织→　　　　　　 n.机构;组织→　　　　　　 n.组织者 3.pain n.疼痛;痛苦→　　　　　　 adj.疼痛的;痛苦的 4.patient adj.耐心的→　　　　　　 n.忍耐;耐心 5.peace n.和平→　　　　　　 adj.平静的;和平的→　　　　　　 adv.平静地 6.perform v.表演;演出→　　　　　　 n.表演;演出→　　　　　　 n.表演者;演员 7.permit v.许可;允许→　　　　　　 n.许可;允许 8.person n.人→　　　　　　 adj.个人的;私人的→　　　　　　 n.个性;性格 9.please v.使高兴;使满意→　　　　　　 adj.令人愉快的→　　　　　 n.快乐;乐事 10.poison n.毒药;毒物→　　　　　　 adj.引起中毒的;有毒的 11.pollute v.污染→　　　　　　 n.污染 12.possible adj.可能的→　　　　　　 adj.不可能的→　　　　　　 n.可能;可能性 13.possess v.拥有;具有→　　　　　　 n.拥有;持有 14.prepare v.准备;预备→　　　　　　 n.准备;预备 15.press v.按;压→　　　　　　 n.压力 16.pride n.自豪;骄傲→　　　　　　 adj.骄傲的;自豪的→　　　　　　 adv.骄傲地;自豪地 17.private adj.私有的;私用的→　　　　　 n.隐私;私密→　　　　　　 adv.私下地 18.promote v.促进;推动→　　　　　　 n.提升;提拔 19.realize v.理解,领会;实现→　　　　　　 n.实现;认识 20.real adj.真的,真正的→　　　　　 adv.非常,真正地→　　　　　　 n.真实,现实 答案 1.operation;operator　2.organization;organizer　3.painful　4.patience 5.peaceful;peacefully　6.performance;performer　7.permission　8.personal;personality 9.pleasant;pleasure　10.poisonous　11.pollution　12.impossible;possibility　13.possession 14.preparation　15.pressure　16.proud;proudly　17.privacy;privately　18.promotion 19.realization　20.really;reality ◆熟词生义,发散思维 1.see(熟义:v.看见) The past few decades have seen great changes in our hometown.(vt.在某段时期发生、经历) 2.shape(熟义:n.形状) He’s in a lot better shape since he’s changed his lifestyle.(n.状况) His generation firmly believed they could shape the future.(v.影响,形成) 3.sharp(熟义:adj.锋利的,锐利的) Please come here at seven o’clock sharp.(adv.几点整) My roommate felt a sharp pain in her stomach.(adj.剧烈的) 4.shock(熟义:n.& v.震惊) You could get an electric shock if you touch it.(n.电击) 5.shoot(熟义:v.射击;射中) The trees give out new shoots in spring.(n.嫩芽;新枝) 6.shoulder(熟义:n.肩膀) Young people should learn to shoulder the duty.(v.承担) 7.somebody(熟义:pron.某人) He is somebody in his town but he is nobody here.(pron.有一定地位的人/物) 8.sound(熟义:n.声音) It is really important to have a sound body.(adj.健康的) That fact is that my wife is a sound sleeper.(adj.酣睡的) 9.spare(熟义:adj.多余的,备用的,空余的　v.吝惜;拨出,抽出) Help her with her homework and I will spare yours.(v.免除) 10.stand(熟义:v.站立;忍受) There used to be a newspaper stand at the corner.(n.货摊;售货亭) 11.strength(熟义:n.力气) Each of us has our own strengths and weaknesses.(n.强项) 12.stress(熟义:n.压力) The educator stressed the importance of a good education.(v.强调) 13.strike(熟义:n.袭击,罢工) It struck me that we might have made the wrong decision.(v.认为;想到;发现) All the people present at the meeting were struck by the nurse’s story.(v.打动) Another typhoon struck this small city last week.(v.侵袭,袭击) 14.succeed(熟义:v.成功) He will succeed his father as manager of the AI company.(v.接替) Jim has just succeeded a large fortune from his uncle.(v.继承) 15.share(熟义:vt.分享) Next year we hope to have a bigger share of the market.(n.股份,份额) ◆句型多彩,写作增分 1.用“It is+important/necessary/strange...that...”表示“重要的/必需的/奇怪的是……” It is important that you should form healthy living habits.重要的是你应该形成健康的生活习 惯。 2.用“That/This/It is why/because...”表示“那/这就是为什么/因为……” That is why he likes Chinese culture so much.那就是他如此喜欢中国文化的原因。 3.用“The reason why...is that...”表示“……的原因是……” The reason why I like the city is its beautiful environment and clean air.我喜欢这个城市的原因 是它的优美环境和清洁的空气。 4.用“The chances are (that)...”表示“很可能……” The chances are you won’t have to pay for your meals.你可能不用付餐费。 5.用“No one can deny the fact that...”表示“不可否认的事实是……” No one can deny the fact that smoking leads to cancer.没有人能否认吸烟能致癌这一事实。 6.用“Sb holds the belief/view that...”表示“某人持有某种观点……” Most people hold the view that education can change one’s life.多数人持有这样一种观点,即 教育能改变人生。 7.用“on condition that...”表示“在……条件下;如果……” I’ll lend this book to you on condition that you keep it clean.我会把这本书借给你,条件是你 不把它弄脏。 8.用“each/every time”表示“每次/每当……” Every time I go to Beijing I will buy some books in that bookstore.每次去北京时,我都要在那 家书店买书。 9.用“the moment/the instant/immediately/directly/instantly”表示“一……就……” The moment the mother entered the room,the boy pretended to be reading.妈妈一进房间,那个 男孩就假装在读书。 10.用“the first/last time...”表示“第一次/最后一次……时” The first time I saw a snake,I felt a little afraid.第一次看见蛇时,我感觉有点害怕。 第 7 天 ◆常考不规则动词表(5) 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 动词-ing 形式 shine shone/shined shone/shined shining show showed showed/shown showing smell smelled/smelt smelled/smelt smelling speed sped/speeded sped/speeded speeding send sent sent sending spend spent spent spending spell spelled/spelt spelled/spelt spelling build built built building bend bent bent bending lend lent lent lending rebuild rebuilt rebuilt rebuilding wake waked/woke waked/woken waking ◆词类转换,精准拼写 1.reason n.理由;原因→　　　　　　 adj.合乎情理的→　　　　　　 adj.不合理的;不公正 的 2.relax v.放松;休息→　　　　　　 n.放松;休息 3.rely v.依赖;依靠→　　　　　　 adj.可信赖的;可依靠的 4.require v.需要;依靠→　　　　　　 n.需要(要求)的事物 5.satisfy v.满意;满足→　　　　　　 adj.满意的;满足的→　　　　　　 n.满意;满足 6.science n.科学→　　　　　　 n.科学家→　　　　　　 adj.科学的→　　　　　　 adv. 科学地 7.secure adj.安心的;有把握的→　　　　　　 n.安全;安全工作 8.serve v.(给某人)提供;端上→　　　　　 n.接待,服务→　　　　　　 n.仆人,佣人 9.sharp adj.锋利的;尖的→　　　　　　 adv.尖刻地;剧烈地→　　　　　　 v.(使)变得锋利 10.simple adj.简单的;简易的→　　　　　　 adv.简单地→　　　　　　 v.使简化;使简易 11.succeed v.成功;达到→　　　　　　 n.成功→　　　　　　 adj.成功的→　　　　　　 adv.成功地 12.suit v.适合(色彩等)→　　　　　　 adj.合适的;适宜的 13.survive v.生存;存活→　　　　　　 n.生存;存活→　　　　　　 n.幸存者 14.tend v.倾向;照顾→　　　　　　 n.倾向;趋势 15.tradition n.传统→　　　　　　 adj.传统的→　　　　　　 adv.传统上 16.translate v.翻译→　　　　　　 n.翻译;译文→　　　　　　 n.翻译者;译员 17.value n.价值;重要性→　　　　　　 adj.很有用的;有价值的 18.violent adj.暴力的;强暴的→　　　　　　 n.暴力行为;暴力 19.warm adj.温暖的;暖和的→　　　　　　 n.温暖;暖和 20.wealth n.财富→　　　　　　 adj.富有的;有钱的 答案 1.reasonable;unreasonable　2.relaxation　3.reliable　4.requirement　 5.satisfied;satisfaction　6.scientist;scientific;scientifically　7.security　8.service;servant　 9.sharply;sharpen　10.simply;simplify　11.success;successful;successfully　12.suitable　 13.survival;survivor　14.tendency　15.traditional;traditionally　16.translation;translator　 17.valuable 18.violence　19.warmth　20.wealthy ◆熟词生义,发散思维 1.tell(熟义:v.告诉) Time will tell whether I made the right choice.(v.说明,显示) No one can tell when the COVID -19 will end.(v.说出;判断) 2.ticket(熟义:n.票) Both the new drivers got a ticket for speeding.(n.罚票,罚款单) 3.tight(熟义:adj.紧身的;紧紧的) To be honest,we have a very tight budget recently.(adj.手头拮据的) I can’t see you next week because the schedule is very tight.[adj.(时间)紧的] 4.touch(熟义:n.& v.接触,触摸) What the general manager said really touched my heart.(vt.感动;触动) 5.treat(熟义:vt.对待;处理;治疗) Be brave and I’ll treat you to an ice-cream after the hiking.(v.款待,请客) You’re my honored guest,so it’s my treat this time.(n.款待,请客) 6.taste(熟义:n.味道;味觉) Actually,the colour and style is a matter of personal taste.(n.爱好,兴趣) The disabled girl has very good taste in music.(n.欣赏力,鉴赏力) 7.voice(熟义:n.声音) The man in charge voiced some doubts about our plan.(v.表达,吐露) 8.view(熟义:n.观点;风景) How do you view the online learning during the long holiday?(v.看待) 9.walk(熟义:v.& n.行走;步行) This society welcomes people from all walks of life.(n.行业) Don’t worry.I’ll walk you to the high-speed railway station.(v.陪某人走,护送某人走) 10.wander(熟义:v.漫游,游荡,漫步) Clearly,your deskmate’s mind began to wander.(v.走神;神志恍惚;思想开小差) 11.warm(熟义:adj.温暖的) Smile is like sunshine which warms people who are in sadness.(v.使暖和,使温暖) 12.wear(熟义:vt.穿戴) The ticket collector always wears a happy smile.[vt.流露,面带,呈现(某种神态)] I suggest you buy this new material,because it wears well.(vi.耐用) 13.weigh(熟义:v.称……的重量;重达) Please weigh the advantages and disadvantages of doing this!(v.权衡;斟酌) 14.weight(熟义:n.重量) The majority of the people know the weight of his decision.(n.分量;重要性) 15.work(熟义:v.& n.工作) I believe this new medicine against COVID -19 will work.(v.起作用) ◆句型多彩,写作增分 1.用“as/so long as”表示“只要……” We can surely beat the COVID -19 as long as we continue to work hard.只要我们继续努力,就 能战胜新冠肺炎。 2.用“before”表示“……才……” It was a long time before I went to sleep again.过了很长时间我才睡着。 3.用“As we all know.../As is known to all...”表示“众所周知……” As we all know,there is no short cut to learning English.众所周知,学习英语没有捷径。 4.用“which 引导非限制性定语从句”表示“……,这……” The boy has failed in the two tests,which surprised his parents.那个男孩两次考试不及格,这让 他的父母很吃惊。 5.用“It is/was+被强调部分+that+其他”表示“就是……” It is the beautiful West Lake that I like best.我最喜欢的就是美丽的西湖。 6.用“only+状语/状语从句+部分倒装”表示“只有……” Only in this way can you have a good knowledge of English.只有用这种方法,你才能精通英 语。 7.用“not only+部分倒装”表示“不仅……还……” Not only do I like this movie,but my mother also likes it.不仅我喜欢这部电影,我妈妈也喜欢。 8.用“not until 在句首引起句子部分倒装”表示“直到……才” Not until we lose our health do we realize its value.直到失去了健康,我们才明白它的价值。 9.用“so+形容词/副词+部分倒装+that...”表示“如此……以至于……” So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷,我们只好待在家里。 10.用“hardly...when.../no sooner...than...+部分倒装”表示“一……就……” No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。 七、考场抢分有策略——从容应考我必胜 ——任何策略都有效,好的策略出奇效 ◆按常规出牌,做熟悉的自己。 1.合理安排考试时间。为确保考试顺利进行,各部分用时要大致均衡,不可前松后紧,也不可 剩余太多时间。考试应一气呵成,完成全部试卷后剩余 3~5 分钟为宜,以此来处理可能的意外情 况。 2.规范填涂答题卡。认真填写姓名、考号等内容,检查两遍。重要的事情说三遍:检查,检查, 再检查。而且这些填写实际上是高考的热身。认真填写,仔细检查,会让自己以最快的速度进入 考试状态。 3.按照试卷顺序答题,不要改变做题习惯。高考试题的设置往往由易到难,无论从心理上还 是从知识能力的发挥上,都会让考生有一个适应和接受的过程。与高考试题的命题思路同步,是 高考答题的最高境界。因此,不改变答题顺序,不改变以往的做题习惯。 ◆站得高才能看得远。 1.拿不准的阅读理解题目,选择与文章主旨一致的选项。做阅读理解题目时,如果遇到题目 信息无法从原文中找到,这时就要返回去通篇考虑文章主旨,站在高处通读文章以体会作者说话 的语气、文章的色彩,与文章氛围相符的选项往往就是正确答案。 2.七选五阅读理解要注意篇章结构、段落结构与段内层次。首先要预览一下全文结构,看看 共几段,篇章架构有什么特点,段与段之间是怎样联系的。除此之外,要注意一个段落之内意思的 层次,抓住层次之间的关系也是做好七选五题目的关键。 3.完形填空要抓住情感线索。完形填空往往走情感路线,要特别注意说话者的语气。站在高 处看选项,从整篇看内容,从英语的本义考虑单词含义,避开汉语,与之相符的便是答案。不可反复 修改,要相信第一感觉。 ◆保持内心的从容与淡定。 思路的规范和书写的规范同等重要。 做语法填空时,首先要规范自己的思路,看清有没有提示词;如果没有提示词,应该考虑填写哪 些词性的词汇;如果有提示词,就要规范自己的思路,一步一步地分析。比如动词,就应该考虑是填 写谓语动词还是非谓语动词。如果是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态;如果是非谓语动词,应该考 虑哪些方面,不可减少思考步骤。要一步步严格按照平日训练的答题思路,严密考虑,不可因为感 觉貌似怎样就填写了答案。填写答案时也要规范,看清给出单词的形式,注意大小写,不可把已经 给出的单词抄写错误。 做书面表达时,首先要认真审题,提炼要点,规范写作思路。大到文章结构的谋篇布局,小到单 词、短语的选用,都要认真考虑。卷面书写同等重要,尽可能打草稿。如果时间确实不允许,至少 要把开头和结尾的句子在草稿纸上反复酝酿修改,以最佳的内容和书写呈现。一个清晰美观的 卷面定能赢得评卷人的心。 ◆用最骄傲的姿态走过这段旅程。 高考就是一群满怀梦想的年轻人,在这个绚丽的夏天坐在了一起,完成了一份试卷,然后决定 去哪个城市,猜想着与谁相识相知,会与谁结伴同行。不管故事怎样,结局如何,一切都很美好。愿 你用最骄傲的姿态走过这段旅程,体验一份难忘的人生经历,收获一个璀璨的未来。青春无悔,高 考加油! 答案与解析 第二编　题型专题突破 模块一　阅读理解与七选五阅读 专题一　阅读理解 真题演练·明趋势 Unit 1 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了车票、失物招领、公共假日、残疾人辅助及车次 等火车服务的相关信息。 1.C　细节理解题。由文章第一段“For ticket information,please ask at your local station or call 13 12 30.”可知,如果想查寻火车票相关信息,可咨询当地车站或打 13 12 30 查询。故选 C 项。 2.B　细节理解题。由文章“Lost property”部分“The lost property office is open Monday to Friday 7:30am to 5:00pm and is located at Roma Street station.”可知,失物招领处位于 Roma Street 车站。 故选 B 项。 3.B　细节理解题。由文章“Guardian trains (outbound)”部分可知,从 Central 到 Varsity Lakes 要乘 坐晚上 7:29 的火车。故选 B 项。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现,玩拼图游戏能帮助孩子们掌握与数学相关的 技能,尤其是空间想象技能。 4.B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句内容可知,两岁到四岁之间的孩子玩拼图,能够发展更好的 空间技能。故选 B 项。 5.C　细节理解题。根据第二段的最后一句可知,设计实验时,Levine 考虑到了父母的收入以及受 教育的程度。故选 C 项。 6.D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句可知,男孩们倾向于玩更复杂一些的拼图。故选 D 项。 7.B　主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了有关玩拼图的研究发现,再结合最后一段内容不难推断出文 章主旨。故选 B 项。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。在英国,人们的生活方式逐渐发生着改变:越来越多的家庭选 择合住。 8.B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“...but Rita Whitehead has her own kitchen,bathroom,bedroom and living room on the ground floor.”可知,丽塔在一楼有她自己的厨房、浴室、卧室和客厅。所 以丽塔居住在一楼。故选 B 项。 9.A　推理判断题。根据第五段中尼克说的话“From my standpoint,it all seems to work very well.Would I recommend it?Yes,I think I would.”可知,尼克觉得和岳母合住在一起挺好的,一切都 很顺畅自然。由此推测,尼克对于与岳母合住持积极的态度。故选 A 项。 10.C　推理判断题。结合第六段中的“Official reports suggest that the number of households with three generations living together had risen from 325,000 in 2001 to 419,000 in 2013.”可知,官方报告 显示三代同堂的家庭数量从 2001 年的 32.5 万户增加到了 2013 年的 41.9 万户。第七段也用了 相关的数据对家庭几代人合住的情况进行了介绍。文中作者是在引用官方的具体数据对几代人 合住的家庭进行分析和说明。故选 C 项。 11.D　主旨大意题。文章重点讲述了在英国越来越多的家庭选择合住这一社会现象。故选 D 项。 D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者著作的序言部分,包括编写目的、内容 主体及就如何实现快乐的阅读给出了自己的建议。 12.B　细节理解题。 根据文章第一段第一句“...and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is a hope of sharing my enthusiasm for the theater with others.”可知,作者希望与他人分享对戏剧的热 情,由此可以看出作者对戏剧热情很高。故选 B。 13.A　细节理解题。根据文章第二段第三句“It is not my intention to point out the central theme of each of the plays in this collection,for that would,indeed,ruin the pleasure of reading,discussing,and thinking about the plays and the effectiveness of the playwright.(我并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧 的中心主题,因为那样确实会破坏阅读、讨论和思考戏剧以及剧作家的有效性的乐趣。)”可知作 者避免陈述戏剧的中心思想。故选 A。 14.C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段第一句“To get the most out of reading these plays,try to picture the play on stage,with you,the reader,in the audience.”可知,作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞 台上上演,这样才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣,因此作者建议读者运用想象力。故选 C。 15.B　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一句“I am an active playgoer and play-reader,and perhaps my best reason for editing this book is...”可推知,作者是介绍自己的一本书。故选 B。 Unit 2 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的旅游景点,包括各自的特色、开 放时间以及所处的具体位置。 1.C　细节理解题。根据第一个景点中 Open 部分的最后一行 House 后的内容可知,它在七月份 的星期天开放时间是 11 点 15 分到 16 点。故选 C 项。 2.A　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 Abbot Hall Art Gallery & Museum 可快速锁定第二个景 点,根据其中的第二句可知,这里收藏有 Romney 的作品。故选 A 项。 3.D　细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词 Wordsworth’s life 可快速锁定第四个景点,根据最后 一行 Town 后的内容可知其具体位置。故选 D 项。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者讲述了自己喜欢重读书籍的原因以及每年必重读的三本 书的内容及其感悟。 4.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“There’s a welcome familiarity—but also sometimes a slight suspicion that time has changed you both,and thus the relationship.But books don’t change,people do.”可知,重新阅读书会让你感觉到时间改变了自己。第二段的第一句表明重新阅读书籍的美妙 之处在于我们与作品的关系基于我们当前的心理状态。由此可知,作者喜欢重读书的原因在于 读书加深了他对自己的理解。 5.B　细节理解题。由文章第三段“...an aging writer looking back on an ambitious yet simpler time.”可知,A Moveable Feast 是描写海明威早年生活的回忆录。故选 B 项。 6.B　推理判断题。根据上文的“while money is indeed wonderful and necessary,...”结合下文的“a reader can pay them”可知,该词的意思应该与“money”相关,此处的意思是“重读作者的书是给予 他们最高的奖励(报酬)”。debt“债务”;reward“报酬,奖励,回报”;allowance“津贴,补贴”;face value“面值”。分析四个选项可知选 B 项。 7.A　推理判断题。由文章第三段“The third book is Julio Cort￿zar’s Save Twilight:Selected Poems,because poetry.And because Cort￿zar.”可知,作者最喜欢重读的第三本书籍是 Save Twilight:Selected Poems,是一本诗选,且其中的两个 because 起到了强调作用。由此推测作者喜欢 诗歌。故选 A 项。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。海狸鼠对生态系统造成了严重的破坏,因此科学家们鼓励人 们捕猎海狸鼠,并把它们的毛皮制成时装。 8.A　推理判断题。根据第二段内容可知,在这两个城市举办的时装展不同寻常,如果了解了背后 的原因,人们就不必因为穿着用动物毛皮制作的衣服而感到内疚。由此推断出,时装展的目的是 宣传推广用海狸鼠的毛皮制成的时装。故选 A 项。 9.A　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知,科学家们之所以关心海狸鼠,是因为它们严重破坏了当 地的生态系统。故选 A 项。 10.D　词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句的句意,尤其是 but 前面出现的短语 keep sth.in check“将……控制住”可推断出,该画线词意为“崩溃;暴跌;倒闭”。故选 D 项。 11.B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中 Morgan 所说的话可以推断出,在纽约,穿皮草是一件很冒 险的事情,因为可能会有人往你身上泼油漆。故选 B 项。 D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要谈论了伟大成就获得者与平庸者的不同之处在于两 方面:好奇心和不满足。 12.D　推理判断题。根据第二段内容,尤其是第二段第一句内容可推断,作者举伽利略这个例子, 是告诉我们伟大来自对探索的持久渴望。 13.B　推理判断题。根据第四段内容可推断,为了重新找回好奇心和不满足,作者建议我们培养 质疑的头脑,不要人云亦云、随波逐流。 14.C　推理判断题。根据第七段的前两个设问以及回答可推断,作者认为,缺乏天赋和时间不是 不采取行动的理由。 15.C　主旨大意题。分析文章结构可知,文章首先提出论点,然后进行论证,最后得出结论。第一 段主要指出取得伟大成就的人的两大品质。可见,C 项最具概括性。 Unit 3 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍了四个国家中,那些让人们回顾过去的著名景点。 1.A　细节理解题。根据 Classical Provence (13 days)部分的“We will visit some of the best- preserved Roman monuments in the world.”和 Southern Spain (15 days)部分的“...we explore historical monuments and architecture.”可知,在这两个旅游地都可以看到历史遗迹。故选 A 项。 2.C　细节理解题。根据 China’s Sacred Landscapes (21 days)部分的“Discover the China of ‘past ages,’ its walled cities,temples and mountain scenery with Prof.Robert Thorp.”可知,Robert Thorp 教授最了解中国。故选 C 项。 3.B　细节理解题。根据 Tunisia (17 days)部分的“Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga,the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia...”可知,在突尼斯旅行,其亮点在于对地下 城市的观光。故选 B 项。 B 【语篇导读】这是一篇新闻报道。短文报道了电影《猩球崛起》上个月首次与公众见面。动物 保护者们聚集在好莱坞大道,感谢电影制作者在电影拍摄时没有使用真的类人猿。现在的动物 拍摄使用的是数字化人猿的创造技术,而一些电影的拍摄却存在着虐待动物的现象,这让一个非 营利组织密切关注此事。但有些拍摄也是不能够被监测到的。 4.D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thanks for not using real apes!”可知,动物保护者们聚集起 来,目的在于感谢《猩球崛起》拍摄中没有使用真的类人猿作为动物演员。 5.B　段落大意题。第二段主要讲《猩球崛起》拍摄过程中是如何借助于计算机技术创造出“数 字化人猿”的。故选 B 项。 6.D　词义猜测题。keeping tabs on 所在句子的意思是“一个监督动物在电影娱乐中的待遇的非 营利组织,今年对 2 000 多部电影的制作　　　。”结合段落的主旨“动物演员受到虐待”可以推 测,keeping tabs on 意为“密切关注”。故选 D 项。 7.A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“...it’s the off-set training and living conditions that are raising concerns.”可知,让人担忧的是动物们的台下训练和生活条件。故选 A 项。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了竞走运动及其与跑步的不同之处。 8.C　细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact with the ground at all times.”可知,竞走必须遵循特殊规则。故选 C 项。 9.D　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“...some of the injuries associated with running,such as runner’s knee,are uncommon among race walkers.”可知,与跑步相比,竞走的优势在于它不大可能 使膝盖受伤。故选 D 项。 10.A　细节理解题。由文章最后一段中的“In fact,anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique...”可知,Dr.Norberg 对于 想尝试竞走运动的人的建议是咨询专业人士的意见。故选 A 项。 11.B　推理判断题。通读全文,作者介绍了竞走这项运动的特点:需要遵循一定规则;膝盖较少受 伤,但会对脚踝和臀部造成压力;如果想从事这项运动,尚需专业人士指导。由此可推断,作者对待 竞走的态度是客观的。故选 B 项。 D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小就喜欢读书,喜欢待在图书馆里,并且喜欢读书 这一习惯延续到了下一代人。作者鼓励人们尽自己所能支持图书馆、利用好图书馆。 12.C　推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知,作者从有记忆起就喜欢读书,有时一天能读三本书。 由此推知作者与书籍的关系是“不可分离”。故选 C 项。 13.B　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,作者成为母亲后,她的孩子们也喜欢读书,喜欢去图书 馆。由此推断出,画线部分指的是读书的乐趣延续到了下一代人身上。故选 B 项。 14.C　细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句内容可知,作者号召其他作家用自己能做到的方式支 持图书馆。故选 C 项。 15.D　标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知,文章主要讲述了作者对图书馆的热爱。故选 D 项。 Unit 4 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四个为青年人提供夏季就业岗位的项目及申请条 件等。 1.B　细节理解题。根据 Summer Company 部分第一句“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3,000 to start and run their own summer businesses.” 可知,Summer Company 的特别之处在于它为创业者提供奖金。故选 B 项。 2.D　细节理解题。根据 Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 部分第二句“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire,but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知, Stewardship Youth Ranger Program 需要年龄在 16 至 17 岁之间。故选 D 项。 3.D　细节理解题。根据 Summer Employment Opportunities 部分最后一句“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知,Summer Employment Opportunities 这一项目对残疾人有利。故选 D 项。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。作者介绍了自己说服他人参与志愿者工作的经历, 论述了志愿者工作的特殊意义。 4.C　推理判断题。根据第一段的第一句“You can use me as a last resort,and if nobody else volunteers,then I will do it.”可知,这位家长让作者最后再考虑她,如果没有其他人当志愿者,她才会 做。由此可知,她不想做志愿者工作。 5.B　词义猜测题。开头提到这位家长不愿当志愿者,再根据第二段的“She may just need a little persuading.”以及下文作者提到的两个例子可知,作者是想让她内心有所触动。对比四个选项可 知,B 项正确。 6.D　推理判断题。根据第三段的第二句“The unwilling parent organizes the meal schedule,sends out emails,and collects money for end-of-season gifts.”可知,这位家长安排就餐时间表、发送电子 邮件,并且为季末礼品筹款。这些都可表明她是一位好帮手。故选 D 项。 7.B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Connecting to the community as you freely give your time,money,skills,or services provides a real joy.Volunteering just feels so good.”可知,志愿者工作给 她带来了快乐。故选 B 项。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了麻省理工学院开展的研究,力求用发光的植物代 替日常用品的功能。用普通蔬菜来发光照亮房间,甚至将树木变成自供电的街灯。 8.D　段落大意题。由文章第一段可知,一项研究发现,城市绿化率越高的区域犯罪率越低;另一 项研究发现,工作环境有室内植物装饰时,员工的效率提高 15%。由此可知,本段主要讲绿色植物 的好处。故选 D 项。 9.A　细节理解题。由文章第二段中的“These include plants that have sensors printed onto their leaves to show when they’re short of water”可知,麻省理工学院的工程师们之所以在植物叶子上 放置传感器,是想监测植物的缺水状况。故选 A 项。 10.C　推理判断题。由文章最后两段,尤其是最后一段中的“Glowing plants could reduce this distance and therefore help save energy.”可推知,将来这种发光植物可能会有助于降低能源消耗。 故选 C 项。 11.C　标题归纳题。文章开门见山,指出人类与植物的联系一直是科研的主题;然后讲述麻省理 工学院开展的研究,力求用植物代替日常用品的功能;接下来进一步阐述用普通蔬菜来发出光照 亮房间,甚至将树木变成自供电的街灯。由此可知,文章最佳标题为:发光的植物能替代街灯吗? 故选 C 项。 D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。人类会因为长期的特殊生活环境而进化。本文主要介绍了生 活在印度尼西亚、马来西亚和菲律宾海岸的巴夭人,并对其生活和居住方式进行了说明。 12.B　推理判断题。第一段讲到人类是进化的产物。不过随着科学家对基因的深入研究,他们 发现了人类在过去几千年里进化的例子。据此可知,这里是要介绍关于人类进化的新知识。故 选 B 项。 13.D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They have traditionally lived on houseboats; in recent times,they’ve also built houses on stilts in coastal waters.”可知,传统上,巴夭人住在船屋上;不过最 近他们还在沿海水域的支柱上建造了房屋。故选 D 项。 14.C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的“We were so amazed that they could stay underwater much longer than us local islanders...”可知,令 Jubilado 感到惊讶的是,巴夭人居然在水下停留的时间比 当地岛民还要长。故选 C 项。 15.A　标题归纳题。文章主要讲述了居住在海上的巴夭人由于生活环境特殊而进化,故 A 项“为 (适应)海上生活而重新塑造的躯体”适合做标题。 专题二　七选五阅读 真题演练·明趋势 Unit 1 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了自我接受的几种方法,倡导自尊自信、乐观 向上的人生态度。 1.B　此处为过渡句。根据上文提到的接纳自己有时很难,联系下文的“Here’s a handful of ways that will set you in the right direction.”可知,此处表示“从何处开始呢?”。故 B 项合适。 2.F　段前空格考查主题句。根据后面的“Do not follow the people who make you feel not-good- enough.”可知,此处表示“停止与别人比较”。故选 F 项。 3.D　此处为段中承上启下过渡句。根据开头提及的“Forgive yourself for mistakes...”以及后面的 “You will make mistakes...”可知,此处表示“要记住,你只是个普通人”。故选 D 项。 4.C　此处为总结句。本段讲述要认识自身的长处,将它们写进日记,将你的成就列出来。你有一 份工作,你获得了学位,你今天没有赖床。最后总结:无论事情多小,都值得庆贺。故选 C 项。 5.A　此处为过渡句。根据上文中的“Put into words why you feel unworthy,why you don’t feel good enough.”可知,此处表示“又感到不安了吗?”。don’t feel good enough 与 A 项中的 upset 同 义。故选 A 项。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了表情符号在职场沟通中的重要作用。 1.D　根据上文出现的 messaging platforms 和下文出现的 western countries 可知,信息平台在全球 迅速普及开来。故选 D 项。 2.A　根据前一句出现的 emojis 和下文的结果状语可知,此处表示带有表情符号的信息更有利于 交谈。故选 A 项。 3.G　上文提到,办公室里的人们年龄不同,交流方式可能是一个挑战,由此推知此处应该是解决 方案。故选 G 项。 4.B　根据上文出现的 annoying 和下文出现的 friendlier 可知,B 项承上启下,符合语境。故选 B 项。 5.F　根据下文的 that positive outcome 可知,F 项中的 a happier workplace 刚好与之吻合。故选 F 项。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了“温锅”聚餐这一习俗的相关内容。 1.E　上文提到“温锅”是朋友和家人对乔迁新居的人进行的一种祝贺方式,下文讲“温锅”也是在 用爱和礼物来填充新空间的时刻。由此可以推知,空处很有可能也是在讲有关“温锅”的意义。 结合语境内容可知,E 项中的代词 It 指 housewarming party,而且 also 表明了和上一句之间的逻辑 关系。故选 E 项。 2.B　结合空后内容可知,此段主要讲“温锅”的时候,人们通常会带礼物。B 项符合语境内容。 3.C　根据文中的“...there isn’t a lot of food served.”可知,此处讲的是人们来参加乔迁派对时也 可以带着食物,据此可知 C 项“你也可以带着食物和饮料与其他客人一同分享”符合语境。 4.A　根据空前的“...people may be asked to help unpack boxes.”可知,此处是在描述派对活动时可 能会做的事情,A 项“不过这并不常见”是对空前内容的补充。A 项中的代词 This 指代空前的 people may be asked to help unpack boxes 这种情况。 5.G　此段中的 firewood 和 central heating 是答题的关键。这与 G 项中的 keep their home warm for the winter 的表述一致。 D 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章作者分析了自己几个生活习惯的成因。 1.G　此句为过渡句。根据空后一句“His friends teased him about babysitting his sister and his interests were far different from mine.”可知,设空句应提及“His”的身份,即 G 项中的“My older brother”。故选 G 项。 2.D　此句为段中承上启下过渡句。根据空前一句提到“我对书写字的爱始于母亲每天晚上给我 读故事的时候”和下文提到“我很快就从典型的儿童读物变成了插图少、章节多的书”可知此处 应指“我喜欢书中的彩色照片”与上句构成递进与下文形成对比。结合选项可知 D 项最符合语 境。故选 D。 3.A　此句为段尾句。根据前一句提到阅读为“我”打开了新世界可知,接下来应描述作者的感 受。结合选项可知 A 项“我不再孤独”与空前一句形成了因果关系,符合语境。故选 A。 4.F　此句为过渡句。根据前一句“当我的母亲看到我的创作时,她说我的设计很有创意”及下文 “make things”和选项 F“making things”属于同词复现。故选 F。 5.E　此句为段首句。根据后一句“无论天气或季节,我的父母都要让他们的两个孩子花时间在 户外”可知关键词“outside”,结合选项可知 E 项“outdoors”属于同词复现。故选 E。 Unit 2 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章论述了呼吸新鲜空气对身体健康的重要性。 1.E　本题考查过渡句。根据空格后面的“the answer is a big YES” 可知该空是一个疑问句,因此 答案锁定在 B 项和 E 项之间。句意:我们一直听着人们说“出门呼吸一下新鲜空气”长大,但是新 鲜空气真的有你妈妈一直说的那么有益吗?根据最近的研究,如果在你露营的区域空气质量好的 话,答案是肯定的。故选 E 项。 2.A　本题考查主旨句。这一空出现在第二段段首,是全段的总起句,后文说到如果空气干净,那 么空气中就会充满有活力的氧气,会有更多的氧气输送到肌肉和大脑中,氧气是由肺部吸入的,因 此 A 项中的“lungs”与此段话吻合,故选 A 项。 3.G　本题考查细节句。本段第一句属于总起句,表明新鲜空气对治疗病人有帮助。G 项中的 “recovery centers”以及“Healing Gardens”对应该空前面的“healing”和该空后面的“recovery”。 4.C　本题考查总结句。第三段讲的是亲近自然对身体的好处,且后一句话主语是 It,C 项中的主 语“Being in nature”与之相对应。 5.D　本题考查主旨句。第四段讲述空气新鲜的地方阳光更充足。D 项中的“sunlight”对应本段 中的“the sun’s rays”。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章就如何激励自己、保持动力、达成目标提出了几点建 议。 1.G　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“Motivation and goal setting are the two sides of the same coin.”以及下文提到的“Like the child on the diving board...”可知,G 项可以承接上文。其中 motivation 和 goal 为原词复现。 2.B　本题考查过渡句。根据下文提到的“More than that,how should you stay motivated to achieve the goal?”可知,B 项“So how should you motivate yourself?”可承接上下文。 3.A　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“There are times when your heart is not in your work.”可 知,A 项“This can affect your work.”是上文的结果。 4.E　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“Remember that goals are flexible.”可知,E 项“They can change according to circumstances.”是对上文的进一步说明。 5.C　本题考查过渡句。上文提到“个人情况同等重要”,并以因视力差不能达成当飞行员的目标 为例子,再结合下文的“你应该重新评估你的目标,并激励自己去设定一个新的目标”可知,C 项和 上文构成转折关系,同时起到引起下文的作用。 C 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在选修网络课程时如何与授课教师建立健康有益 的互动交流。 1.E　本题考查过渡句。上文提到“在选修网络课程时与授课教师建立健康有益的互动交流非常 重要”,结合下面提到的“Do’s”和“Don’ts”可知,E 项可承接上下文。 2.G　本题考查主旨句。根据下文的“Questions about subject content are generally welcomed.Before asking questions...”可知,本部分介绍的是问问题,G 项中的“Ask questions”为同 词复现。 3.A　本题考查细节句。根据上文提到的“参与讨论论坛、博客和其他开放式对话论坛”可知,A 项“这就是他们的目的”可承接上文。 4.C　本题考查细节句。本部分的主题句为“Don’t share personal information or stories.不要分享 个人信息和经历”。C 项“如果需要更多的信息,他们会询问”可有效地承接上文。 5.F　本题考查细节句。根据本部分的主题句“不要公开表达对教授或课堂的不满”可知,F 项“每 个人都曾经上过不太好的课”可以和上文构成因果关系。 D 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。本文主要介绍了摇滚乐队“披头士乐队”的组建与流行。 1.C　根据本段的首句“Rock music consists of many different styles.”可知,空处应该与 rock music 有关,再根据该空后的 At that time 可知,空处应该有表示时间的结构与之呼应。C 项“Rock music developed in the 1950s and the early 1960s.”满足了这两个条件,所以选 C 项。 2.B　根据该空上一句“By mid-1963,the Beatles had been extremely popular in England.”可知,此处 应该讲述那时候乐队受欢迎的情况。B 项“Even their hairstyles became major trends at that time.” 能够承接上文。所以选 B 项。 3.A　根据该空的下一句“They were not sure how the Americans would react to the new type of music.”可知,该空应该讲述 the Beatles 要去美国巡演,所以选 A 项。 4.G　根据该空的下一句“The concert was broadcast...”可知,应选 G 项。 5.E　根据该空的上一句“Thanks to the Beatles,a lot of opportunities were opened up to new faces on the market.”可知,披头士乐队为摇滚方面的新人创造了许多机会。E 项讲述的许多摇滚乐队 能够沿着披头士乐队的足迹走下去,与上一句内容相吻合。所以选 E 项。 模块二　完形填空 真题演练·明趋势 Unit 1 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者以孩子们学走路时,向他们传输错误的概念为例,领 悟到父母应守底线,不应该对孩子们说谎。 1.C　自从双胞胎刚开始学走路,“我”和妻子就不停地告诉他们“我”们家的滑动玻璃门只是一扇 窗子。理由(reason)是显而易见的。reason“理由”;relief“安慰”;target“目标”;case“事件”。故选 C 项。 2.B　如果“我”们承认滑动玻璃门是一扇门,他们会不断地想出去。constantly“重复不断 地”;gradually“逐渐地”;temporarily“暂时地”;casually“偶然地”。故选 B 项。 3.D　根据下文可知,孩子们显然知晓(事情的)真相(truth)。truth“真相”;result“结果”;danger“危 险”;method“方法”。故选 D 项。 4.D　但是“我”们坚持说那仅仅是一扇窗子,这使得他们放弃了尝试(attempting)开门的请求。 attempt“尝试”;review“复习”;approve“同意”;receive“收到”。故选 D 项。 5.C　“我”讨厌对孩子说谎,有朝一日,孩子们会醒来(wake up),并发现他们关于对窗户的认知是 一个谎言。wake up“醒来”;win out“胜出”;give up“放弃”;stand out“脱颖而出”。故选 C 项。 6.B　从上文“I hate lying to the kids.”可得到提示。lie“谎言”;dream“梦想”;fantasy“幻想”;fact“事 实”。故选 B 项。 7.D　不管结果(consequences)如何,总是告诉孩子们真相。consequence“结果”;restriction“约 束”;explanation“解释”;difference“差异”。故选 D 项。 8.B　“我”有一种非常强烈的担心(fear),“我”们说的谎话会给孩子们带来精神上的伤害。最后一 段第一句“Maybe it’s an unreasonable fear.”是个提示。故选 B 项。 9.B　“窗”和“门”都有重要的(important)比喻含义。故选 B 项。 10.A　此处表示如果他们日后生活(life)中遇到比喻含义的“门”。由下文“Then when they come to other doors in life,be they real or metaphorical,they won’t 　　　to open them and walk through.”也可得到提示。故选 A 项。 11.B　孩子们只是瞪着眼睛凝视(stare at),并疑惑“那如果不是一扇门会怎样?” stare at“瞪着眼睛 凝视”;get hold of“抓住”;knock on“敲击”;make use of“利用”。故选 B 项。 12.A　那如果不是真的(real)机会会怎样? 故选 A 项。 13.C　或许这是一个不合理的担心,但底线(bottom line)是“我”不应该对孩子们说谎。bottom line“底线”;safety rule“安全规则”;comfort zone“舒适区”;top secret“绝密”。故选 C 项。 14.D　“我”应该接受(accept)反复强调“不,“我”们现在还不能出去。 accept“接受”;delay“延 迟”;regret“后悔”;enjoy“享受”。故选 D 项。 15.C　当他们在生活中遇到其他的门时,无论是真实的门还是比喻意义上的门,他们都不会犹豫 不决,而会勇敢打开并成功跨越。hesitate“犹豫”;hurry“匆忙”;decide“决定”;intend“打算”。故选 C 项。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Nicolo 在下夜班的路上,参与了一个拍卖活动,花 32 美元买了 两幅画。若干年后,Nicolo 的这两幅画被证明是名家名作,价值五千万美金。 1.C　根据句意可知,由于意大利的隐私法,主人公的真名不能暴露在公众面前。be exposed to“暴 露于”。 2.D　根据句意可知,这次拍卖活动是由意大利警方负责经营管理的。run“经营;管理”。 3.A　Nicolo 注意到两幅画,他觉得如果把这两幅画放在餐桌上方,可能看起来很漂亮。 4.A　根据下文出现的 won 一词可知,Nicolo 和另一个出价者开始较量起来,此处 battle 是动词,意 为“较量”。 5.D　根据下文内容可知,这两幅画一直跟随着 Nicolo,因此,他退休后搬家时,把这两幅画一起带 走了。 6.C　此处表示 Nicolo 15 岁的儿子曾经参加过一个艺术鉴赏课。 7.B　根据下文内容可知,这幅画是名家的作品,所以此处表示 Nicolo 的儿子觉得这幅画有些不 同寻常。 8.C　根据上文可知,Nicolo 的儿子一开始以为签名是 Bonnato,但仔细研究发现,是 Bonnard。 9.A　此处表示这个名字是 Nicolo 的儿子以前从未听说过的一个法国画家的名字。 10.D　根据上文出现的 a garden chair 可知,此处答案为 garden。 11.C　此处说明的是父子二人最终了解到的事实真相,所以用副词 eventually。 12.D　根据下文内容可知,另一幅画也是名家作品,可见父子俩对另一幅画也进行了仔细研究。 13.B　Nicolo 当初用 32 美元买下两幅画,他并不知道这两幅画的价值。此处表示实际上第二幅 画也是大师的杰作。 14.C　Nicolo 一家人得知这两幅画不同寻常,立刻给意大利的文化部打电话。 15.B　此处表示经有关人员证实,这两幅画都是真迹,并非赝品,价值大约五千万美金。 Unit 2 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者与顾客打交道时,有时候会感觉非常气愤,甚至发疯。不 过经历一件事之后,作者学会了如何应对“难缠”的顾客了。 1.B　根据上文“I care deeply about my customers”可知,此处是在讲作者与顾客之间的事情。但就 像任何一个你喜欢的人一样,顾客也会让你发疯。 2.D　agree“同意”;promise“许诺”;imagine“想象,设想”;swear“发誓,咒骂”。他们会信誓旦旦地说 把包落在了更衣室。 3.C　后来发现(discover)包是落在了车里。 4.D　他们把商店里几乎一半的商品(goods)都看个遍,结果想要的是你唯一没有存货的那个特别 颜色的款式。 5.A　particular“独特的,特别的”;different“不同的”;matching“相配的”;natural“天然的,自然的”。 这里指顾客想要的东西恰巧是自己没有存货的那个特别颜色的款式。 6.B　根据 but 前的 upset 可知,这里表示无论你多么郁闷,都要保持微笑(smiling)。 7.D　此处是在讲作者在 Covent Garden 遇到的第一个难对付的顾客。difficult 意为“难对付,难 缠”之意。 8.C　不过令作者惊讶(surprised)的是,这位顾客成了她店里的常客。 9.D　结合下文的内容可知,这位顾客为自己一开始的行为道歉(apologized)了。 10.C　这位顾客把自己的闷气发泄在了其他(other)人身上。 11.A　结合下一句内容“作者教给别人如何应对顾客”可知,这里指作者从这次经历中获得了经 验教训(lesson)。 12.C　Don’t take it personally 意为“别太当回事”。 13.D　此处指我们应该站在顾客的角度考虑问题,这样她也许就不会生气了。也许她和丈夫吵 架了,也许是她孩子的身体不太好。 14.C　stress“强调”;expect“期望”;handle“解决”;blame“责怪”。如果你这样做(自我设限)的话,就 无法解决问题了。 15.A　整个事情会发展成不愉快的场面,破坏每个人一天(的心情)。ruin 意为“毁坏,破坏”,符合 语境。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者一直在山坡放羊。一天作者开着拖拉机 带着他的狗去田地的路上发现了一只走散的小羊。于是,作者下车去照看小羊,把自己的狗留在 了车上。后来作者帮助小羊找到了妈妈。令作者意想不到的是,自己的狗开着拖拉机冲到了高 速路上。作者赶紧沿途追赶,害怕狗造成严重的后果。幸运的是,狗没有受伤,也没有给其他人造 成伤害。 1.B　下文说小羊和它的妈妈走散了,所以作者是无意中“发现”了一只迷路的小羊。drop“落 下”;spot“发现”;carry“搬”;return“返回”。故选 B 项。 2.D　根据下文 “Lamb and mother”可知小羊是和它的妈妈走散了。kid“小孩”;friend“朋 友”;owner“主人”;mother“母亲”。故选 D 项。 3.C　下文说作者转过身去看拖拉机,因为小羊和它的妈妈重聚了。free“使自由”;switch“转 变”;reunite“重聚”;examine“检查”。故选 C 项。 4.A　上文说作者看见拖拉机突然离开了自己,下文提到作者跳下车时已经拉上了手刹,所以这让 作者感到“出乎意料”。unexpected“出乎意料的”;dangerous“危险的”;embarrassing “使人尴尬 的”;difficult“困难的”。故选 A 项。 5.D　根据“while Don stayed in his seat”可知“我”跳下车,照顾小羊的时候,Don 还坐在他的座位 上。很显然,是 Don 以某种方式使车子动了起来。fortunately“幸运地”;generally“通 常”;immediately“立即”;obviously“显然”。故选 D 项。 6.B　根据上文提到“...near where a motorway cuts through my land.”可知此处指“高速公路”。 crowd“人群”;motorway“高速公路”;field“旷野”;hill“小山”。故选 B 项。 7.B　根据“I ran desperately”和“It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.”可知作者没有 追上拖拉机。take off“起飞”;catch up“追上”;hold back“阻止”;get out“出去”。故选 B 项。 8.D　此处指 Don 平静地看着“我”,这是“我”最后看到的事情。real“真实的”;best“最好 的”;basic“基本的”;last“最后的”。故选 D 项。 9.C　根据“and looked over”可知“我”抵达了栅栏。fix“固定”;notice“注意”;reach“抵 达”;close“关”。故选 C 项。 10.A　根据“the crash barrier in the central reservation”可知拖拉机是靠在路中间预留地带的防撞 栏上。rest“倚靠”;run“跑”;park“停车”;turn“转动”。故选 A 项。 11.D　根据“fast-flowing traffic”可知这条高速公路非常繁忙。steep“陡峭的”;long“长 的”;rough“粗糙的”;busy“繁忙的”。故选 D 项。 12.B　下文提到作者的狗冲回作者身边,所以作者一定是“接近”了拖拉机。abandon“抛 弃”;approach“接近”; recognize“意识到”;repair“修理”。故选 B 项。 13.A　下文提到高速公路的运行又恢复了正常,可知是警察到达后处理的结果。arrive“到 达”;reply“回答”;survive“幸存”;wait“等待”。故选 A 项。 14.D　根据生活常识可知,动物开车上了高速路,结果是令人非常可怕的。common“普通 的”;confusing“混乱的”;desirable“令人向往的”;awful“可怕的”。故选 D 项。 15.A　根据下文“I didn’t want him thinking I was angry with him.”可知作者不想让 Don 认为自 己生他的气,所以作者给他提供了一顿特别的晚餐。meal“餐;饭食”;test“测验”;job“工 作”;lesson“教训”。故选 A 项。 Unit 3 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了一位男士帮助素不相识的人找回走丢的宠物狗的 故事。 1.B　根据下文可知,这是一只走丢的狗,所以 trembling 符合语境。根据下文的 coax 和 frightened 可排除 A、C、D 三项。 2.D　根据上文的 frightened 可知,狗害怕了,由常识推知,它应是跑开了。 3.C　根据第三段的“...as lost in the local paper.”提示可知,此处应填 lost。 4.A　上文提到这是一只走丢的狗,结合上一段中的 frightened 可知,此处填 cautiously(小心翼翼 地)符合语境。 5.B　根据 replaced 以及下文的“It just started licking Ehlers’ face.”可知,所填的词应该是和 Nervousness and fear 意思相反的词,浏览选项可知 B 项符合语境。 6.B　根据下文的“The ad...”提示可知,此处应填 advertised。此处为同义复现。 7.B　根据下文的“Ehlers 　　　the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them...”可知,广告上有电话号 码。 8.A　由于广告上有电话号码,Ehlers 要告诉他们,自然要给他们打电话。call“(给……)打电话”。 9.C　根据上文可知,他找到了那条狗。所以此处应是 Ehlers 在电话里告诉对方他找到了狗。 10.A　根据下文提到的“...but the gun shots had scared the dog off.”可知,Jeff 和他的狗一起外出狩 猎,所以填 hunted。 11.A　根据上文可知,Ehlers 回到 Minnesota 后,驱车 100 英里到达 Minneapolis,把狗送上了去 Michigan 的航班。由此可知,此处填 cares 符合语境。 12.B　由上题解析可知,Ehlers 费了很大劲把小狗送回主人身边,此处用短语 go to the trouble(不 辞劳苦)符合语境。 13.C　此处指 Ehlers 为救这只走丢的狗而做出的努力,所以填 effort。service“服务”;plan“计 划”;team“团队”。 14.D　此处讲述的是 Ehlers 当时的想法,他认为丢狗的人和狗的关系就如同他和自己的狗一样 亲近。be close to“和……亲近”。 15.D　此处是 Ehlers 提出了一种假设,如果他的狗走丢了,他希望也有人会愿意像他那么做。be willing to do“乐意做某事”。 B 【语篇导读】本文是说明文。本文报道了一名法国人为提高欧洲甚至全世界人们对食物浪费的 意识,在骑车环游欧洲时靠吃食物垃圾填饱肚子的事情。 1.C　根据第二段第一句中的“surviving 　　　on discarded(丢弃) food”可知,此处应填 stranger, 意为“想法越奇特,越能引起人们的注意”。 2.C　根据第三、四段讲述 Baptiste Dubanchet 在旅行途中向餐馆要食物垃圾填饱肚子的艰辛可 知,此处应选 entirely,表示“完全靠丢弃的食物来生存”。 3.B　根据第一段第一句“There are lots of ways to raise awareness for a cause.”可知,此处应选 way, 意为“方法,方式”。 4.A　根据空前的“much of it remains inaccessible”可知,餐馆扔掉的大多数都很难要到。所以选 locked,即扔掉的食物被放在“封闭的”容器里。 5.B　根据本段最后一句中的“giving me food”可知,此处填 offered,意为“给他提供要扔掉的食 物”。 6.B　根据下一句中的“by giving me food”可知,此处应用 giving away,意为“赠送”。 7.D　根据上一句可知,大多数餐馆都有规定反对赠送食物,所以有些人冒着失去工作的风险给 “我”食物,应填 risked,意为“冒着……的风险”。 8.C　句意:特别有趣的是不同的城市对待 Dubanchet 的事业的态度。根据句意可知选 C 项。 hardly“几乎不”;usually“通常”;particularly“尤其,特别地”;merely“仅仅,只”。 9.A　根据空后的“while the most difficult was the Czech town of Pilsen”可知,与 the most difficult 形成对比的应是 easiest。 10.C　向商店或餐馆索要食物,应用 ask,意为“请求”。 11.D　此句继续讲述他索要食物垃圾填饱肚子的难度,应填 challenge,意为“挑战”。词组 all the more 意为“更加”。 12.C　句意:当你考虑到从法国骑自行车到波兰所需要的运动量时,这种挑战就更加严峻。此处 填 demanding,意为“要求高的;费力的”。 13.B　根据空前的“after all the biking I am tired”可知,“我需要能量”。此处填 energy,意为“能 量”。 14.A　句意:我的胃是满的还是空的?根据下一句“That is the most important thing,not what I am eating.”可知,此处填 stomach,意为“胃”。 15.D　根据第二段第一句“Baptiste Dubanchet is biking across Europe...”,可知他的旅行正在进行 中。由此判断,此处填 finish,表示“结束,完成”。 Unit 4 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了挪威的 Rjukan 小镇由于安装了高科技反射镜 系统,享受到了久违的阳光。 1.C　根据上文提到的“from late September to mid-March”可知,Rjukan 有将近六个月接受不到阳 光照射,故选 nearly,意为“几乎,差不多”。only“唯一的;仅有的”; obviously“明显地”;precisely“精确 地; 恰好地”。 2.D　根据下文中的“We see the sky is...”可知,当太阳照耀的时候,居民们注意到了这一点。 notice“注意;留意”;fear“畏惧;害怕”;believe“相信”;hear“听到”。故选 D 项。 3.A　根据上文中的“but down in the valley it’s darker”可知此处表示就像是阴天(cloudy)一样。 normal“正常的”;different“不同的”;warm“温暖的”。 4.C　根据下文中的“The mirrors are controlled by a computer that...”可知,小镇安装了高科技的反 射镜系统,mirror 意为“镜子”。 computer“电脑”;telescope“望远镜”;camera“照相机”。 5.C　根据下文中的“their very first ray of winter sunshine”可知,小镇装上了高科技反射镜系统,居 民们得以接收到了(received)冬季第一缕阳光的照射。 6.D　根据上文中的“A row of reflective boards on a nearby mountainside”可知,反射板被用来反射 阳光,此处用固定搭配 put...to use“利用……”。故选 D 项。 7.B　根据上文可知,这些反射镜由一台电脑控制,电脑可根据太阳位置的变化,指挥(directs)反射 镜旋转。 8.C　根据下文中的“The town square was totally 　11　.”可知,应该是反射镜系统将集中的光线 反射到小镇的中心广场(square)上,形成近 600 平方米的光区。 9.A　根据上文中的“creating an area of sunlight roughly 600 square meters”可知,当光线出现 (appeared)的时候,小镇居民从四周聚集而来。return“返回”;fade“褪去,失去光泽”;stop“停止”。 10.A　居民聚集到广场,或坐,或站,互相拍照(pictures)。take pictures“拍照”;take notes“记笔 记”;take care“照顾”;take hold“抓住”。 11.B　根据下文中的“I think almost all the people in the town were there.”可知来到广场上的居民 很多,因此整个广场是满的。故选 B 项。 12.C　根据上文可知,广场上的人很多。由此可推测 3,500 位居民无法同时享受(enjoy)阳光。 block“阻止; 阻塞”;avoid“避开,避免”;store“贮存”。 13.B　根据下文中的“more than enough”可知此处表示转折,因此选 B 项,意为“然而”。instead“代 替”;gradually“逐步地,渐渐地”;similarly“相似地;类似地”。 14.D　根据上文可知,居民近半年时间享受不到阳光照射,所以此处表示渴望阳光的(sun-starved) 居民。 15.D　此处表示虽然阳光面积不大,但也足够居民们分享(share)。try“尝试”;wait“等待”;watch“观 看”。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了由于人满为患、乱扔垃圾,作者担心乞力马 扎罗山的美名不副实。可喜的是,当地政府的努力有了回报,山脉生态在慢慢恢复之中。 1.D　由上文“每年大约有四万人试图攀爬乞力马扎罗山”和下文“或许会破坏它的美感”可知,众 多的登山者带来了许多垃圾。bring with“带来”。故选 D 项。 2.C　由上文可知,每年约四万人攀爬乞力马扎罗山,拥挤的人群(及所带来的垃圾)或许会影响它 的美感。crowds“拥挤的人群”。故选 C 项。 3.C　由上文可知,此处表示冰川正在消融,改变着乞力马扎罗山的面貌。face“面貌”;position“位 置”;age“年龄”;name“名字”。故选 C 项。 4.B　根据上文讲述的乞力马扎罗山的气候环境变化和下文的“其他旅游景点被描述得更加纯净 天然”可知,此处意为听完这些故事,“我”对乞力马扎罗山的自然美景持怀疑态度。skeptical“怀疑 的”;silent“沉默的”;serious“严肃的”;crazy“疯狂的”。故选 B 项。 5.C　此处指的是自从乞力马扎罗山上营地周围成吨垃圾的报道后,情况发生了许多变化。下文 又接着讲述作者在营地和道路上看到了厕所,由此推知,上文中提到的报道指的是以前的营地是 坐落在垃圾堆中的,现在干净了许多。camp“营地”;equipment“装备”;grass“草”;stone“石头”。故 选 C 项。 6.D　本句提到作者在营地和道路旁边看到了许多厕所,与在报道中出现的垃圾堆中的营地截然 不同,干净卫生。故选 D 项。 7.C　前文提到了作者担心乞力马扎罗山面临的严峻的环境问题会毁坏它在人们心目中的美的 形象。此处指的是面临的环境考验是很重要的(significant)。故选 C 项。 8.A　本句 but 表示转折关系,虽然环境面临着考验,坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局做出的努力似乎挺 奏效。pay off“成功;奏效;达到目的”;spread out“展开;铺开”;blow up“爆炸”;fade away“逐渐消 失”。故选 A 项。 9.B　由上文第二段中的“...other destinations are described as ‘purer’ natural experiences.”可知 此空填 experience。句意:在我看来,攀登乞力马扎罗山的最佳体验并不仅仅在于到达顶峰。 10.D　由下文可知,乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。be regarded as...“被视 为……”。故选 D 项。 11.A　本句进一步解释上句内容,为什么乞力马扎罗山的很多山脉被许多文化视为精神家园。 随着人们在几千米的空间内穿过五种生态系统,这种“观点”尤其明显。故选 A 项。 12.A　由上文可知,有五种生态系统,所以再往上气候又有变化。故选 A 项。 13.C　由上文可知,低云压山,茂密的草丛覆盖着山腰,本句则为从作者所站之处望去可以数到 12 种浓淡深浅的绿色。故选 C 项。 14.D　由上文可知,作者已经讲了四种生态系统:rainforest,low growing plants,thick grass,highland desert,还有最后的也是最冷的 arctic-like zone(类北极地带),故选 D 项。 15.B　文章最后作者发出感慨:一个人满为患,破坏了原有宁静的乞力马扎罗山还能名副其实 吗?“我”发现恰恰相反。故选 B 项。 Unit 5 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者上大二期间,跟着一位国际大师学习思维棋。作者 不仅学到了下棋的技巧,而且也学到了超越课堂的生活技巧。 1.B　根据上文提到的“a ‘free’ course”和下文的“who doesn’t want to save a few dollars”可知, 作者也想省钱,所以急于接受这个主意。jump at“急于接受”符合语境。put forward“提出”;try out“试验”;turn down“拒绝”都与语境不符。 2.A　上文作者提到他总是想学棋,结合前面表达让步关系的连词词组 even if 可知,此处填 excited。be excited about“对……感到兴奋”。 3.D　指导老师是国际大师,这就“意味着”作者会跟着下棋最好者之一学习,所以选 D 项。 4.B　此处表达作者当时的急切心情:迫不及待想见到那位老师,所以选 B 项。 5.D　根据上文的“a former graduate returning to teach”以及下文的“...no game for him; he meant business”可知,此处指的是他的这份工作。 6.C　make it clear that...“说明白;讲明白”,可看作是固定句式。 7.B　根据下文的“we had to write a paper...(我们必须要写一篇论文……)”可知,此处指的是“通过 这门课程”,所以选 B 项。attend“上(课)”;skip“逃(课)”;observe“观察”都不符合语境。 8.C　根据下文的“to our future professions”可知,此处为“apply...to...”短语,意为“把……应用 到……上”。 9.A　句意:我们需要写一篇如何计划把课上学到的东西应用到未来的职业中,最后应用到我们的 生活中。根据句意可知选 A 项。eventually“最后”;naturally“自然地”;directly“直接 地”;normally“正常地”。 10.C　文章第一句中的“I was told that the education department was offering a ‘free’ course”中 有提示。此处为原词复现。 11.A　根据指代关系可知,此处的 he 指的是作者的指导老师 Ashley,所以选 A 项。 12.B　make decisions“做决定”。此处意为“下棋最重要的技巧是做决定”。grade“分 数”;impression“印象”;comment“评论”。 13.A　根据空格后面的宾语“a situation”可知,此处指“分析局势”。analyze“分析”符合语境。 14.D　上文提到要分析局势,判断对手在做什么,因此要在你所有的选择中评估出最佳的一步。 evaluate“评估”符合语境。 15.A　根据下文的“as a journalist”可知,作者现在是记者。由此判断,此处填 role,意为“角色”。 desire“欲望;愿望”;concern“关心”;behavior“行为”都与语境不符。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者与儿子多年未见,首次约好见面,竟然巧合地从水里救了 儿子一命,儿子异常感激。 1.D　两周前,“我”刚与儿子取得联系,他与“我”13 年未见。此处表示,距离上一次见面,已经相隔 了 13 年。also“也”;often“经常”;even“甚至”;last“上一次”。故选 D 项。 2.A　根据上文可知,“我”与儿子 13 年未见,再相见,必定会非常高兴。delight“高兴,快 乐”;relief“宽慰”;anger“愤怒”;worry“担忧”。故 A 项符合语境。 3.C　根据上文可知,与儿子再次见面,“我”很高兴,也很激动。scared“害怕的”;shocked“震惊 的”;thrilled“激动的”;ashamed“羞愧的”。故选 C 项。 4.A　根据句意可知,此处表示:海湾沐浴着阳光。bathed“沐浴的”;clean“干净的”;deep“深 的”;formed“成形的”。故选 A 项。 5.A　be in trouble 为固定短语,意为“处于危险之中”。 6.B　根据语境可知,此处表示“我”发现了异常。real“正确的”;right“正常的”;fair“公平的”;fit“合 适的”。故选 B 项。 7.D　根据上下文可知,两位教练在皮划艇上,皮划艇中间横躺着一个人,这个人摇晃得很厉害。 argue“争论”;fight“斗争”;shout“大声喊叫”;shake“摇动”。 8.C　“我”与其中一位教练联手,帮忙把这个人从水中抬出来,故选 C 项。lead“带领”;persuade“说 服”;carry“搬运”;keep“保持”。 9.B　此处 sth occur to sb 是固定搭配,意为“某人突然想起某事”,故选 B 项。 10.D　根据后文可知,这个小男孩正是“我”的儿子,因此,当“我”看到他的眼睛时,会感到似曾相识, 故选 D 项。sharp“锋利的”;pleasant“令人愉快的”;attractive“有吸引力的”;familiar“熟悉的”。 11.A　根据后文的“well enough”可知,最后儿子康复了,这是很幸运地。fortunately“幸运 地”;frankly“坦白地”;sadly“悲伤地”;suddenly“突然地”。故选 A 项。 12.D　根据上文的“stay in hospital”可知,现在儿子康复了,准许出院了,即可以离开了,故选 D 项。 13.B　根据后文可知,此处表示儿子郑重地向“我”致谢,因此,应该是转向“我”,故选 B 项。 14.C　纵观全文可知,“我”跳入水中,救了儿子,故选 C 项。 15.A　“我”救儿子一事,整件事情的发生实属巧合,故选 A 项。coincidence“巧合”;change“改 变”;pity“遗憾”;pain“疼痛,努力”。 Unit 6 A 【语篇导读】无论我们是否彼此相识,承诺永远都是不变的信仰。丹尼斯和一家陌生人之间发 生的故事就告诉我们什么叫做“一诺千金”。 1.D　由上文可知,多数人收到未知号码发来的手机短信时往往第一反应都会说“抱歉,号码错 误!”,再由下文第三段“But I think someone was mistaken”中的 mistaken“错误的,搞错的,误解的”可 知,答案为 D 项。 2.B　A 项“合情合理的”;B 项“特别的,特殊的”;C 项“必要的,必须的”;D 项“实际的,实践的,实用 的”。由后文内容可知,丹尼斯收到陌生号码发来的短信,没有像别人一样忽略,而是回复并祝贺 对方,还承诺到医院去看望陌生人一家。他做了别人通常不会做的事情,所以选 B 项。 3.C　A 项“使……相信,使……信服”;B 项“提醒,使……想起”;C 项“通知,告知”;D 项“警告,警 示”。短信的功能就是告知信息,所以答案为 C 项。句意:3 月 19 日,丹尼斯收到了一条群发短信, 告诉他一对他并不认识的夫妻正在医院等待婴儿的出生。 4.D　A 项“醒来”;B 项“恢复,痊愈”;C 项“生长,成长”;D 项“抵达,到达,来到,降临”。由第三段中的 “The baby was born...”可知,陌生人一家在等待婴儿的降生,所以选 D 项。 5.A　A 项“回复,回答”;B 项“打断,中断”;C 项“预测,预料”;D 项“重复”。由前文“Congratulations! But I think someone was mistaken”可知,丹尼斯回复了这条陌生人发来的短信,所以答案为 A 项。 6.A　A 项“进来,到达”;B 项“动身,出发”;C 项“流传”;D 项“走来走去”。由下文“she didn’t seem to realize...the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.”可知,这位欣喜的祖母给丹尼斯的新短信 很快地发送过来,答案为 A 项。 7.C　A 项“观点,看法”;B 项“焦虑,焦急”;C 项“兴奋,激动”;D 项“努力”。由该段前文中的 “overjoyed(万分高兴的,欣喜若狂的)”可知,答案为 C 项。句意:特蕾莎处于兴奋状态,并没有意识 到她正在和一位完全陌生的人分享孩子的照片。 8.B　由第二段中的“a couple he didn’t know”可知,丹尼斯和对方一家人并不认识,所以答案为 B 项。 9.B　A 项“梦想”;B 项“诺言,承诺”;C 项“议程,一览表”;D 项“准则,原则”。由上一段中的“I will get there to take pictures with the baby”及该段中的“He turned up at the hospital...”可知,丹尼斯向对 方做出了承诺,并履行了自己的诺言,所以答案为 B 项。 10.A　A 项“忍受,生育,携带”;B 项“收集,募集”;C 项“打开,开放,张开”;D 项“制作,生产”。由后文 的“gifts”可知,丹尼斯到医院看望这一家人,还带了礼物,所以答案为 A 项。 11.C　A 项“泄气的,灰心的,气馁的”;B 项“放松的,自由的”;C 项“惊讶的”;D 项“被击败的,被战胜 的”。由该空后面的“unexpected(意想不到的,始料不及的)”可知,答案为 C 项。句意:Lindsey 的丈 夫对这位“不速之客”的到来感到非常意外。 12.C　A 项“承认,接纳”;B 项“需要”;C 项“欣赏,感激”;D 项“期待,料想”。这一家人对丹尼斯的到 来自然是非常感激,所以答案为 C 项。 13.D　A 项“确认,批准,证实”;B 项“简化”;C 项“净化,澄清”;D 项“陪伴,伴奏,附加,补充”。由后文 可知,特蕾莎不仅在社交网站上发布了照片,而且还附上了一些感人的文字,所以答案为 D 项。 14.B　A 项“怜悯,同情”;B 项“祝福,好事,福分”;C 项“宽慰,解除,减轻”;D 项“问题”。句意:这个年 轻人为我们一家人带来多好的福气啊!根据句意可知答案为 B 项。 15.B　A 项“同情,怜悯”;B 项“关注,注意力”;C 项“控制”;D 项“信任”。由后文内容可知,这件事引 发了全世界社交媒体用户的关注,三天内就收获了超过 184,000 次分享和 61,500 次点赞,所以答 案为 B 项。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。时间比金钱珍贵,但是我们可能拥有太多的时间吗?作者 把高中生活与大学生活做比较,把自己的生活与老同学的生活做比较,最后用一句谚语做总结:要 想效率高,就要将事情交给忙人做。 1.D　我们都知道时间比金钱珍贵的道理,但是我们可能拥有太多的时间吗?根据句意可知,D 项 符合语境。true“真正的”;fair“公平的”;strange“奇怪的”;possible“可能的”。 2.A　根据下文的时态及语境可知,此处指“我”开始回忆高中生活。remember back 是固定搭配, 意为“回想”,符合句意,故选 A 项。 3.D　根据上下文可知,除了学习,“我”还参加团队运动。watch“观看”;love“喜爱”;coach“训 练”;play“参加比赛”,故 D 项更符合句意。 4.B　根据前面的“only”可知,“我”仅剩下一点时间可以做作业,因此,“我”不得不马上完成。at last“最后”;right away“马上”;of course“当然”;as usual“像往常一样”,故选 B 项。 5.C　根据下文的“suddenly”可知,当“我”进入了大学,事情发生了改变。happen“发生”;repeat“重 复”;change“改变”;matter“要紧”。故选 C 项。 6.C　根据句意可知,因为所有这些额外的时间,导致“我”对学业没有紧迫感。duty“职 责”;achievement“成就”;urgency“紧迫”;direction“方向”,故选 C 项。 7.A　根据下文的“further and further”可知,此处表示“我”越来越懒散,不断地把我的学习推得越 来越晚。故选 A 项。 8.B　根据句意及下文的“late at night”可知,此处表示“我”熬夜直到完成工作,stay up 是固定短语, 意为“熬夜”,故选 B 项。hang out“闲逛”;jog round“慢跑”;show off“炫耀”。 9.D　根据后文的“running a sideline(副业)”及“succeed”可知,老同学事业有成,开创了副业,赚了许 多钱。make a lot of money 是固定短语,意为“赚了很多钱”,故选 D 项。 10.C　根据后文可知,“我”询问老同学为什么不全心全意只做副业,据此可以推断,此处意为“他的 工作很枯燥无味”,故选 C 项。 11.D　根据句意及后文的“and would just do”可知,如果没有这份工作,他会有太多的时间,只会做 “我”在大学里做过的事情。此处的 simply 与 just 相呼应,故选 D 项。 12.B　参见上题解析。 13.C　他说如果他辞职了,他就会失去工作和成功的动力。heart“心脏”;chance“机会”;drive“驱动 力”;way“方法”。故选 C 项。 14.B　根据上文可知,此处表示“我”建议大家要让工作占满自己的时间,save“节省”;fill up“填 充”;give up“放弃”;trade“交易”。故选 B 项。 15.B　要想效率高,就要将事情交给忙人做。根据句意及全文内容可知,B 项更符合句意。 careful“仔细的”;busy“繁忙的”;reliable“可靠的”;kind“仁慈的”。 模块三　语法填空 真题演练·明趋势 Unit 1 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了嫦娥四号无人探测器在月球背面成功着陆,彰显 了中国成为第一个使探测器在月球背面着陆的国家的民族自豪感。 1.touched　考查动词的时态。分析句子成分可知,主语为 The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe,设空 处为谓语动词,根据空后的 last week 可知,此处应用一般过去时。 2.extremely　考查副词。此处修饰形容词 challenging,应用副词形式。 3.where　考查定语从句。先行词是一个表示地点的名词 spot,并且引导词在从句中充当地点状 语,故用关系副词 where。 4.interest　考查名词。“be+of+抽象名词”为固定搭配。 5.than　考查介词。前面的 more 是提示,构成比较结构。 6.to find　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,这里用不定式短语做目的状语。 7.means　考查动词的时态。根据上文的时态可知此处应用一般现在时,这里用 it 做主语,故用 mean 的第三人称单数形式。 8.is constructed　考查动词的时态和语态。分析句子结构可知,moon 与动词 construct 之间是逻 辑上的动宾关系,故用被动语态。 9.much　考查形容词。设空处后面的 ice 是不可数名词,故用 much 修饰。 10.its　考查代词。由后面的名词 plans 可知,此处应使用形容词性物主代词。故用 its。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国人过新年使用的一些装饰品以及各自的 含义和寓意。 1.celebration　考查名词。根据前面的不定冠词 a 可知,此处应用名词形式。 2.carries　考查动词时态。该句含有 why 引导的表语从句,从句的主语是 decorating,所以此处谓 语应用第三人称单数形式。 3.coming　考查非谓语动词。设空处做动词 represent 的宾语,所以用动词-ing 形式。 4.than　考查固定搭配。根据前面的 more 以及后面的 a symbol of good fortune and wealth 可知, 此处用 than。more than 在此处意为“不仅仅是”。 5.decorated　考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处为“see+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,them 与 decorate 之间是动宾关系,所以用动词-ed 形式。 6.Certainly　考查副词。设空处位于句首,修饰整个句子,应该用副词形式。 7.with　考查介词。be associated with 是固定搭配,意为“与……有关”。 8.to care　考查非谓语动词。此处为“be+adj.+to do”结构,其中不定式做状语。 9.beautiful　考查形容词。由后面的 long branches 可知,此处应用形容词修饰名词。 10.the　考查冠词。设空处修饰后面的序数词 first,所以用定冠词,特指“第一个”。 Unit 2 A 【语篇导读】这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了一位画家画画栩栩如生,有一天他将画送给宰相时, 这位睿智的老人告诉他去漓江旅行——也许他可以从世界上最伟大的艺术家那里学到一些东 西。画家最后发现这位世界上最伟大的艺术家就是大自然母亲。 1.whose　考查定语从句引导词。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词 artist,且定语从句中缺少定 语,故用 whose 引导。 2.finest　考查最高级。结合空前出现的 all great artists 可知,这里表示“呈现出他们最好的作品”, 故用形容词的最高级。 3.be chosen　考查被动语态。would 后需跟动词原形,主语 he 与谓语动词 choose 之间是被动关 系,故用 be chosen。 4.curiosity　考查名词。with 为介词,后面需要跟名词做宾语,filled with curiosity 表示“充满好 奇”。 5.When/As　考查状语从句。当他问漓江岸上的村民在哪里能找到这位传奇的艺术家时,他们微 笑着指着河的下游。此处表示“当……的时候”,故用 When/As。 6.pointed　考查时态。根据空前的动词 smiled 可知,此处也应用一般过去时,表示当时的动作。 7.to find　考查动词不定式。第二天早晨,他租了一条船,出发去寻找那位著名的画家。这里用 to find 表示目的。 8.gently　考查副词。分析句子结构可知,这里需要用副词 gently 来修饰动词 moved。 9.surrounding　考查动词-ing 形式。当他看到雾从漓江上升起,而山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了 眼泪。see sb/sth doing sth 表示“看到某人/某物正在做某事”。 10.on　考查介词。on earth 为固定搭配,意为“在世界上”。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了农业的发展史。 1.in　考查介词。根据空前“the world they lived”可知此处指“生活在”,live 为不及物动词,后需跟 介词 in 再跟地点名词。故填 in。 2.what　考查宾语从句的连接词。由空前 on 可知宾语从句缺少连接词;由空后 could be hunted 可知此处缺少主语,因此需用 what。故填 what。 3.than　考查比较级的标志词。由空前 more food 可知此处缺少比较级标志词 than。故填 than。 4.was needed　考查动词一般过去时的被动语态。由所给词汇 need 和主语 more food 可知二者 之间存在被动关系,因此需用被动语态;根据上一句 were born 可知此处动词的时态为一般过去时 且 food 为不可数名词,因此需填 was needed。故填 was needed。 5.to change　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知此处缺少目的状语,因此需用不定式。故填 to change。 6.had discovered　考查动词的过去完成时。由时间状语“By about 6,000 BC(到大约在公元前 6 000 年为止)”可知此处谓语动词需用过去完成时。故填 had discovered。 7.seasons　考查可数名词复数。结合所给词汇 season 可知该词为可数名词,因此需用复数形 式。故填 seasons。 8.making　考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,make use of 和逻辑主语 they 之间存在主动关系,而 且本句话真正的谓语为 learned,不缺谓语,因此需用现在分词形式作状语。故填 making。 9.the　考查定冠词。with the rise of 意为“随着……的崛起”,为固定词组。故填 the。 10.meant　考查动词的一般过去时。分析句子,主句部分无其他动词,且由 that 引导的宾语从句 谓语动词 worked 可知此处谓语动词需用一般过去时。故填 meant。 Unit 3 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于居住范围广,监测费用高等因素,北极熊的数 量难以准确估算,生物学家们对此持谨慎乐观的态度。 1.that　考查连接词。该空前后均为句子,且空格后面的句子是对空格前面的名词 evidence 的内 容的解释说明,由此判断该空为同位语从句的引导词,表示陈述语气,故填 that。 2.poorly　考查副词。该空前后部分均为谓语成分 has been studied,用副词修饰谓语部分,故填 poorly。 3.of/for　考查介词。该空前面为名词 methods,后面为动词-ing 形式 tracking,故应填介词。用 of 表示所属关系,也可填介词 for。 4.to perform　考查非谓语动词。该空所在分句已有谓语动词 are,故应填动词的非谓语形式。根 据“be+adj.+to do”结构可知,应填 to perform。 5.have reported　考查动词的时态。本句的时间状语为 in recent years,是现在完成时的标志。根 据语境,主语 Inuit people 与 report 之间为主动关系,且 people 为复数形式,故填 have reported。 6.belief　考查名词。该空前面有冠词 a,应填名词,故填 belief。 7.noting　考查非谓语动词。该空前面为介词 by,应填动词-ing 形式,且 scientists 与 note 之间为 逻辑上的主动关系,故填 noting。 8.higher　考查形容词的比较级。该空后面有 than,应填形容词的比较级形式,故填 higher。 9.the　考查冠词。该空后面为名词短语,根据语境及空格前的 of 可知存在限定范围,故填 the。 10.are　考查主谓一致。根据并列谓语动词时态和语态一致原则,此处采用一般现在时和主动语 态。故填 are。 B 【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一位 90 岁的英国女士仍然坚持工作,被评为 “年度女性”的事迹。 1.being　考查非谓语动词。for 是介词,后接动词时要用动词-ing 形式。 2.which　考查定语从句。先行词是 the pet shop,关系词在非限制性定语从句中做宾语,所以填 which。 3.finally　考查副词。分析句子成分可知,所填的词在句中做状语,所以用副词形式。 4.declared　考查时态。根据下文的“she had no plans”可知,此处讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以 用一般过去时。 5.to retire　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,plans 后接动词不定式做定语。 6.have made　考查时态。根据句中的时间状语“over the years”可知,句子应用现在完成时。 7.but　考查连词。分析句子结构可知,此处是“not...but...”结构,意为“不是……而是……”。 8.saying　考查非谓语动词。call 和 say 有逻辑上的主谓关系,所以用动词-ing 形式来解释 call 的 内容。 9.a　考查冠词。joke 是单数可数名词,此处是泛指,所以填 a。 10.wonderful　考查形容词。所填的词在句中做表语,所以用形容词形式。 Unit 4 A 【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了“我们”在 Pearl City 逗留期间的所见所闻。 1.so　考查副词。so...that...为固定搭配,意为“如此……以至于……”。 2.to get　考查非谓语动词。此处考查固定句型 it takes some time to do sth。 3.of　考查介词。a pack of 为固定短语,意为“一群”。 4.who　考查定语从句。先行词 masters 指人,并且引导词在从句中做主语。因此用关系代词 who。 5.recommended　考查动词的时态。此句为 and 连接的并列句,前后时态一致,故用一般过去时 态。 6.competition　考查名词。所填的词由冠词 an 修饰,故用 compete 的名词形式。 7.traditional　考查形容词。空格后为名词 stories,应用形容词来修饰。 8.hugely　考查副词。所填的词修饰形容词 popular,故用副词形式。 9.were invited　考查动词的时态和语态。句中时间状语为 On the last day of our week-long stay, 又因为主语 we 与所给动词 invite 之间为被动关系,故用一般过去时态的被动形式。 10.listening　考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知,此处做伴随状语;另外,所填的词与下文的 meeting 为并列关系,故用动词-ing 形式。 B 【语篇导读】对于学生应不应该穿校服上学,一直以来都是个有争议的问题。研究表明,穿校服 上学有一定的益处,在学校中仍占主流。 1.has/will have　考查时态。由于本文讲述校服的情况,所以可以用一般现在时,由于句子主语是 nobody,故用第三人称单数 has。此外 when 引导的从句用一般现在时态时,其主句常用一般将来 时,故该空也可用 will have。 2.the　考查冠词。same 通常与 the 连用,意为“同样的,相同的”。 3.that/which　考查定语从句引导词。由于先行词为 a piece of cloth,从句缺少主语,所以填 that/which。 4.cycling　考查非谓语动词。根据句中的 or 为并列连词可知,其前后的形式应保持一致,根据 or 前的 walking 可知,此处填 cycling。 5.easily　考查副词。修饰动词 see 应用 easy 的副词形式 easily。 6.to　考查介词。表示“……的答案”时,answer 后的介词必须用 to。 7.improved　考查时态和语态。根据空前的 found 可知,此处应用一般过去时,另外,improve 用主 动语态表示“某事有了提高”,故用 improved。 8.to wear　考查非谓语动词。want to do sth 意为“想要做某事”。 9.connection/connections　考查名词。根据空前的 no 和空后的 between uniforms and school performance 可知,此处应用 connect 的名词形式。因为 no 后可接名词的单数形式,也可以接名词 的复数形式,故答案为 connection/connections。 10.traditional　考查形容词。根据空前的系动词 are,可知此处用 tradition 的形容词形式。 模块四　书面表达 专题一　应用文写作 真题演练·明趋势 Unit 1 A 【参考范文】 A Cross-Country Running Race Last Sunday,our school held a 5-kilometres cross-country running race.All the students and teachers in our school attended the activity. The race started from the school gate and ended at the foot of the South Hill,covering five kilometres all together.All the contestants spared no efforts to finish the race. This race gives us a good opportunity to have a deeper understanding of great patience as well as building up our bodies in terms of long-distance race.More importantly,we come to know it is our responsibility to challenge ourselves to all kinds of hardships. B 【参考范文】 Mr.Zhang,aged 50,is my favorite English teacher.He is so knowledgeable,humorous and responsible that I respect and love him so much. Honestly speaking,his great patience and assistance have a great impact on me.It was Mr.Zhang who made me perceive the importance of learning English well.Had it not been for his guidance and encouragement,I couldn’t have won first prize in the English Contest.Without his aid,I wouldn’t have boosted my integrated skills in English.I’ll definitely remember his kindness and help forever. Mr.Zhang is a very respectable teacher indeed! I do thank him for what he did for me. Unit 2 A 【参考范文】 My Weekend Last weekend,my classmates and I went to a farm to pick grapes.The grape farm is located at the foot of a hill,where lies a small river.We were stuck by the beauty of the scenery. Grapes grown on this farm were big and sweet.We couldn’t help eating grapes while picking them,as we were told the grapes hadn’t been treated with pesticides.Meanwhile,several girls sang some sweet songs,which made us feel less exhausted. On the way back home,we were worn out.However,we hoped we could have chances to come back again,because physical labor not only exercises our body,but also makes us cherish the fruits of labor. B 【参考范文】 Dear Miss Evans, I’m writing to ask you to do me a favor.As you know,my classmates and I have adapted the short play Hamlet written by William Shakespeare.It’s one of the most classical things in our textbook.Would you give us some advice about one of the plots? That’s about Hamlet’s complex mental mind when his father died and his mother immediately married his uncle.We are in urgent need of your help and guidance.Would you be available on Sunday afternoon? My classmates and I will be studying in the classroom then. I’d appreciate it if you can spare some time and give us some specific guidance. Yours sincerely, Li Hua Unit 3 A 【参考范文】 Dear Peter, I am sorry to hear that you have gone back home on sick leave.How are you feeling now? I hope my good news for you will sweep away the shadow of disease.Last month,an English festival was held in our school,and our class performed a song which you taught us at the festival.As soon as we finished the song,all the audience gave us warm applause.If only you had been there. We all miss you very much and wish you a quick and complete recovery. Yours, Li Hua B 【参考范文】 Dear Chris, I’m glad to hear from you.Today,the coming-of-age ceremony was held in our school.The relevant details are as follows. First of all,we were shown some photos and videos,which kept track of the process of our gradual growth.Meanwhile,most of us were moved to tears.Then we watched some videos,where our old schoolmates were fighting against COVID-19 bravely.At last,we sent flowers to our teachers and parents to express our great respect. This activity has made a deep impression on me,leading me to think about my responsibilities.No matter what career I will take in the future,I will work hard for the peace and progress of the world. Yours, Li Jin 专题二　读后续写 真题演练·明趋势 Unit 1 【参考范文】 When Mrs.Meredith heard of John’s idea,she thought it was a good one,too.Very soon,the children were busy popping the corn,while their mother went out to buy the paper bags.When she came back,she brought Bernard with her.Bernard was very glad to join in the work and said,“So good an idea! I’ll try right now.”They worked together until all the corn they prepared was all popped,the paper bags filled and arranged in the basket. With everything ready,Bernard started out on his new business.Much sooner than expected,he returned with an empty basket.He had never earned so much money before in his life.For many weeks,the Meredith family continued to offer popcorn to Bernard.People began to watch for the “little popcorn boy”,and every week he had at least fifty cents,a significant income for him and his family,to take home.All of this was thanks to the good idea that John came up with. Unit 2 【参考范文】 A few minutes later,the bear headed back to our camp.Then we realized that the spray had only angered him even more,for he seemed much fiercer this time and violently pushed the fence like mad.My heart raced wildly,not knowing what to do.At this critical moment,Elli grabbed several pieces of garlic bread and threw them over the fence.It worked!The bear stopped the attack and ran to the bread.But it wasn’t long before he ate up all the bread and came back again. At that very moment,the helicopter arrived.“Thank goodness,we are saved!”Elli cried out.Once the helicopter landed.we got onto it in no time,excited and relieved.When we were safe on the helicopter up in the air,I was amazed to spot that the bear had finally torn down the fence and ran towards the food we left behind.I quickly took out the camera and photographed the rare scene—we were robbed by a polar bear! Unit 3 【参考范文】 Days passed on and one evening when Spotty returned from his long walk,he appeared very exhausted.He came to my room and sat near me.It was then that I saw his hind leg was injured and was bleeding.I called out my mother and she quickly tied a bandage around his leg and gave him food to eat.I was very upset.But the next day,Spotty was up to his usual pranks though he limped a bit.I really admired him a lot for his courage. Almost a year later,one midnight we heard Spotty barking breathlessly.We came out and saw that he was barking continuously heading somewhere.After some time Spotty became quiet.I patted him on his back and then came inside.The next morning,my heart skipped a beat when I didn’t see Spotty.I searched for him in each and every corner but he was nowhere.And this time he had gone and would never come back.I cried and waited for him.We waited for one long week.But there were no signs of him.What would have happened to Spotty?Would he have died?These were the questions in my mind,but they all remained unanswered forever. Unit 4 【参考范文】 Dad opened the box and a sweet little dog appeared.Then out of the box jumped a small mass of golden woolen thing,shouting loudly and joyfully,as if he was asking why he couldn’t see the sunshine for such a long time.Finding that she had a playmate again,Poppy was amazed.She appreciated her new little playmate,smiling amusedly,barking gently,walking slowly around it and wagging her tail cheerfully and constantly.“I don’t have to be lonely any more!”thought Poppy to herself with satisfaction.“But if only my master were at home!” A few weeks later,the boy arrived home from university.He had missed Poppy and was looking forward to seeing her.Upon arriving at the door of his home.he was surprised to discover that it was two dogs that were greeting him,the old dog giving him a big hug and licking him while the little dog watching him curiously with the expression of shock on its face.“Who is he?What is it that attracts Poppy to him?”he wondered eagerly. 专题三　概要写作 真题演练·明趋势 Unit 1 【参考范文】 As parents,you shouldn’t praise your kids too much,which can prevent them from trying new things or taking a risk.(要点 1)Meanwhile,praising them too little also does harm to your children’s growth.(要点 2)Your praise must be based on your kids’ efforts instead of the outcomes.(要点 3)In addition,the quality of your praise is more significant than the quantity,which you should bear in mind.(要点 4) Unit 2 【参考范文】 It’s really worthwhile to pay a visit to their desired colleges personally before applying.(要点 1)Undoubtedly,students should visit their local colleges,which may be included in applications.(要点 2)At least,they should visit the school and figure out its real conditions in advance.(要点 3)For students who are short of money and time,registering online is a good alternative to help them better understand schools.(要点 4) 第三编　核心语法必备 第一层级　抓牢“词法”——固基础 考点 1　名词和冠词 名词 1.hours’　2.approaches　3.recognition　4.choice 5.instructions　6.value　7.branches　8.possession 9.convenience　10.imagination 冠词 1.a　2.a 3.the　in the habit of 是固定短语。 4.a　a knowledge of...是固定短语。 5.the;a　little money 表示特指;第二空后 family 泛指任何一个大家庭。 6.the;a　表示发明物的名词前一般用定冠词 the;不定冠词与最高级连用表示“非常”。 7.the;the　8.the;a 9.a;a　a drink 意为“一杯饮料”;a comfort 意为“令人感到舒适的一件事”。 10.the;a　第一空后 gold 特指跳高比赛中的金牌,其前用 the;第二空后 second 表示“还有一次机 会”,其前用 a。 课课练·随堂清 1.deer　2.protection　3.the　4.the　5.disappearance 6.officials　7.villagers　8.the　9.an　10.the 考点 2　代词、介词和数词 代词 1.ourselves　主语为 we,根据句意此处应填 we 的反身代词 ourselves。 2.others　由句意可知,应填 others,泛指“其他人”。 3.it　由句子结构和意义可知,空格处应填 it 代指前面提到的 this house。 4.any　由后一句的转折和否定意义可知,空格处应填 any。 5.something　something 用在疑问句中表示建议或请求,或期待得到对方的肯定答复。 6.it　由句子结构和意义可知,此处填 it 作形式宾语,代替真正的宾语“to get employed in that country”。 7.neither　由前一句意义可知,父母两人都不说英语,因而空格处应填 neither。 8.other　句中 half 表示“一半时间”,根据句意应填 other,the other 指假期中的“另一半时间”。 9.one　从句中 paper 表示可数意义“报纸”,因而空格处应填 one,代指 a paper。 10.that　根据句意空格处应填 that,that 代指“the cost of renting a house”。 介词 1.as　as an official“作为一名官员”。 2.behind　leave sb behind“把某人留下”。 3.for　the date for...是习惯搭配,表示“……的日期”。 4.through　表达“透过窗户”应使用介词 through。 5.off　take a few days off work 表示“请几天假不上班”。 6.beyond　beyond my wildest dream 意为“我做梦也想不到”。 7.on　the effects on...意为“对……的影响”。 8.by　by doing...“通过……手段”。 9.between　keep it between you and me 表示“只你我两人知道”。 10.by　by 与数字连用表示增加或减少的程度。 数词 1.sixth　2.hours’　3.hundreds　4.million　5.fifth 6.third　表达“三分之一的时间”应使用 one third of the time。 7.fourth　此处表示“四分之一”。 8.quantities　large quantities of=a large quantity of,其后可接可数或不可数名词。 课课练·随堂清 1.thousands　2.one　3.it　4.tested　5.to　6.during 7.to　8.in　9.their　10.of 考点 3　形容词和副词 形容词 1.reasonable　由破折号后面的信息可知要求对方讲道理,故填 reasonable(讲道理的)。 2.convenient　由句意可知应填形容词形式 convenient(方便的)。 3.hungry　由空格后“and tired”可知应填形容词 hungry,此处是形容词短语作伴随状语。 4.worse　for the worse 是固定短语,表示“向更坏的方向”。 5.immediate　由句子结构可知,空格处应填形容词 immediate 作定语修饰名词 reaction。 6.Tired　由句意和句子结构可知,空格部分应填 Tired;Tired and short of breath 为形容词短语作状 语,说明主语所处的状态。 7.reliable　句中“if he promises to offer help he’ll try his best”暗示了答案,应填形容词 reliable 表 示“可靠的”。 8.sensitive　根据句意空格处应填形容词 sensitive 作表语;be sensitive to 表示“对……敏感”。 9.flexible　由句意可知,空格处填形容词 flexible 作定语,修饰其后的名词 schedules。 10.popular　由句意可知应填形容词 popular 作表语。 副词 1.regularly　由句意可知应填副词 regularly 作状语,意为“有规律地,定期地”。 2.equally　由“whether he is an official or a delivery guy”可知,任何人都应该平等地受到尊重,故填 副词 equally 作状语。 3.usually　此处应使用副词作状语修饰谓语动词 do。 4.surprisingly　由后一句“A small step makes a big difference.”可知应填副词 surprisingly,“令人惊 讶地”。 5.gradually　根据句意和句子结构可知,空格处应填副词 gradually 作状语。 6.simply　破折号后的内容暗示,经营公司不仅仅是雇用人员的问题,故填副词 simply 作状语。 7.carefully　由句意及句子结构可知,空格处应填副词 carefully 作状语。 8.Anxiously　根据句子意义和成分可知,句首需用副词作状语,故填 Anxiously。 9.seriously　take sth/sb seriously“严肃对待某事/人”。 10.easily　此处应使用副词作状语。 课课练·随堂清 1.different　2.much　3.longer　4.Shortly　5.heavier 6.worse　7.better　8.present　9.useful　10.likely 考点 4　动词(时态和语态、主谓一致、 情态动词、虚拟语气) 时态和语态 1.speaks　一般现在时表示真理。 2.had meant　此处过去完成时表示一个没有实现的计划。 3.missed　由前一句看出此处表示一个发生在过去的动作,故使用一般过去时。 4.were introduced　表达过去某个场合发生的被动动作,故使用一般过去时的被动语态。 5.will be lost　由条件状语从句可以推断,应是一个将来的被动动作。 6.have been completed　表示说话时已经完成的被动动作,故使用现在完成时的被动语态。 7.is being built　由后一句可知铁路还在建设中,故使用现在进行时的被动语态。 8.are imported;sell　前一空说明客观事实,故使用一般现在时的被动语态;后一空表示“畅销”,此 时 sell 用主动形式。 9.was being decorated　由句子的主谓关系可知,游泳池是“被装修”,再根据前一句的时态可知“当 时它正在被装修”。 10.live　句中“have never lived anywhere else”这一信息暗示了答案,即父母现在还住在北京,故使 用一般现在时。 11.has been decreasing　句中时间状语“over the past decades”提示应使用现在完成进行时。 12.has saved　up to now 是现在完成时的标志,故使用现在完成时。 13.had done　“完全理解”是过去的动作,故他们对我的帮助发生在过去的过去。 14.is being broadcast　前一句和后面“I want to listen”都提示动作正在进行;the flood forecast 与 broadcast 是被动关系,故使用现在进行时的被动语态。 15.belongs　belong to 这一短语既无进行时态,也无被动语态,从句表达客观事实,故填一般现在 时的第三人称单数形式。 主谓一致 1.is　a poet and artist“一位诗人兼艺术家”,指一个人。 2.makes　early to bed and early to rise 表达整体概念,谓语使用第三人称单数形式。 3.wears　先行词是 the only one,故定语从句中的谓语使用第三人称单数形式。 4.has been　“the number of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式;since 2018 提示使用 现在完成进行时。 5.has　when and where 指整体概念,谓语使用第三人称单数形式。 6.are　句中 two-thirds of them 指“三分之二的笔记本电脑”,故谓语使用复数形式。 7.has been　neither...nor 连接并列主语,谓语动词要和靠近它的主语一致;表示“去过某地”应使用 has been to 这一用法。 8.knows　本句真正的主语是 No one,故谓语用第三人称单数形式。 9.means　主语从句中动词-ing 形式作主语,表示单一概念,故谓语使用第三人称单数形式。 10.shows;is　前一个主语是单数名词 A new survey,而表示“时间、距离、金钱”概念的复数名词 一般作整体看待,故两个谓语均使用第三人称单数形式。 情态动词 1.can　can 表示一般能力。 2.must　此处表示“年龄必须达到 18 岁”,故填 must。 3.must　从句意义“吸烟违反校规”暗示:学生绝不可以吸烟,故填 must 和其后的 not 连用表示禁 止。 4.need　此处表示“没有必要叫医生”,故填 need。 5.must　后一句“He likes the style a lot.”暗示,说话者对此很有把握,故填 must。 6.must　must 表示对现在情况的肯定猜测,意为“肯定,必定”。 7.can　由后一句“It’s much too large for him.”推断:防护服不可能是卡尔的。故填 can。 8.must　mustn’t 表示禁止或不允许,意为“一定不要,绝对不能”。 9.have to　have to 表示受客观条件限制而“不得不”。 10.used to　used to 表示“过去常常、过去曾经”。 虚拟语气 1.were　由主句谓语形式可知此句与现在事实相反,故从句中用 were。 2.had known　由主句的谓语形式看出,句子表达的意义与过去事实相反,从句中应使用过去完成 时。 3.had known;have accepted　由前一句可知,后面的主、从句所表达的意义与过去事实相反,故从 句中使用过去完成时,主句中使用 would have done 结构。 4.had taken　由前一句的时态看出,that 从句表达的内容与过去事实相反,故使用过去完成时。 5.would/should/could fly　由前面的 Should the freeway...可知与将来事实相反,故主句用 “would/should/could+动词原形”。 6.(should) obey　It’s vital that...句型中使用“(should+)动词原形”。 7.(should) be pulled　suggest 之后的 that 从句中谓语形式用“(should+)动词原形”。 8.(should) go　suggestion 之后的同位语从句中谓语使用“(should+)动词原形”。 9.(should) have　require 后接 that 从句时,从句中谓语使用“(should+)动词原形”。 10.gave　It’s high time that...句型中谓语动词使用过去时表示虚拟。 课课练·随堂清 1.has built　2.will continue/is going to continue　3.had reached　4.accounted　5.are called　6.will be　7.is allowed　8.are sold　9.are　10.is 考点 5　非谓语动词 1.provided　provide 与其逻辑主语 envelope 之间是被动关系,故填过去分词作后置定语。 2.to be told　由句意可知应使用“only+不定式”表示意料之外的结果。 3.Praised　praise 与其逻辑主语 monitor 之间为被动关系,应填过去分词。 4.Seeing　see 与其逻辑主语 I 之间是主谓关系,故填现在分词。 5.to look　此处需填不定式作目的状语。 6.Driven　此处使用过去分词表示原因,可替换成句子“As they are driven...”。 7.leaving　分析句子结构可知,逻辑主语 All the doctors and nurses 与 leave 之间为主谓关系,故填 现在分词作结果状语。 8.correcting　由句子结构可知,空格处是一个与 making mistakes 并列的动名词短语,作介词 by 的 宾语,故填 correcting。 9.Asked　由句子结构可知,空格部分应是非谓语动词作原因状语,再根据逻辑主语 we 和 ask 之 间的被动关系可知使用过去分词。 10.starting　分析句子结构可知,空格部分是定语成分,因逻辑主语 The opening ceremony 和 start 为主谓关系,故填现在分词。 11.to buy　此处是作目的状语,应填动词不定式。 12.advertised　此处作后置定语,position 与 advertise 之间是被动关系,故填过去分词。 13.to work　形容词后常用不定式的主动形式表被动。 14.memorizing　it is(no) good doing sth 为固定句型,句中使用动名词作句子的真正主语。 15.To keep　前后句之间没有连词,空白处使用非谓语形式,再分析句子结构可知应使用不定式作 目的状语。 课课练·随堂清 1.called　此处使用过去分词作后置定语,意为“名叫……的”,修饰前面的名词 foreigner。 2.made　由句子结构可知,空格后部分是后置定语,因为 coins 与 make 之间是被动关系,故填过去 分词。 3.listening　enjoy doing sth 是固定用法,意为“喜欢做某事”。 4.visited　此处表达“他父亲到过的地方”,应使用过去分词作后置定语,修饰前面的 places。 5.to take　decide to do sth 是固定搭配,意为“决定做某事”。 6.to go　英语中表示“……是最早做某事的人”这一意义时,序数词后应跟不定式。 7.exploring　have trouble in doing sth 是固定短语,意为“做某事有困难”,介词 in 之后应接动词-ing 形式。 8.working　句子使用的是“spend time doing sth”这一结构,意思是“做某事花费……时间”。 9.interesting　此处表示“令人感兴趣的”事情,因而使用 interesting。 10.know　let sb do sth 是固定短语,意为“让某人做某事”。 第二层级　精通“句法”——求满分 考点 1　并列句、感叹句、祈使句 1.but　前后两句之间为转折关系,故使用连词 but。 2.or　由句意可知用 or(否则)。 3.while　前后两句具有对比或转折关系,故使用并列连词 while(然而)或 but。 4.when　由句意可知应填 when,使用了“be about to do sth when...”结构。 5.invite　句中破折号表示解释说明,空格后是祈使句,故用动词原形。 6.but　句中使用“not...but...”连接两个并列成分。 7.while　前后句之间表示对比关系,故使用 while。 8.for　使用并列连词 for 解释前一句情况的原因。 9.What　感叹句的中心词是名词“scene”,应使用 what。 10.consider　空格部分是祈使句,故用动词原形。 课课练·随堂清 1.both　2.but　3.Prepare　4.be　5.and　6.How　7.or/and　8.wear　9.and　10.But 考点 2　定语从句 1.in which/where　定语从句中缺少地点状语,故填 in which/where,意义上相当于 in the village。 2.when　先行词 age(时代)表示时间,关系词在从句中作状语,故填 when。 3.which　由句意及结构可知,此处是代词+介词+关系代词引导的定语从句,应使用关系代词 which 引导非限制性定语从句,which 指代前面提到的 two novels。 4.when　time 为先行词,从句中缺少状语,故填 when。 5.as　由句意(正如报告里所显示的)和句子结构可知,应使用 as 引导非限制性定语从句。 6.which　由句意及句子结构可知应填 which 引导非限制性定语从句,which 指代主句所提及的事 情。 7.in which/where　由句子结构可知,position 后接定语从句,关系词在从句中作状语,即 in the position=in which=where,故填 in which/where。 8.which　此处使用 which 引导非限制性定语从句,which 指代主句所表达的意义。 9.whose　关系词在定语从句中作定语,故填 whose。 10.in which/where　因为先行词表示地点,故填 in which/where。 课课练·随堂清 1.which/that　空格部分引导定语从句,先行词是 story,从句中缺主语,故填 which 或 that。 2.where　由句子结构可知空格后是定语从句,先行词 ocean 是地点名词,从句中缺少状语,故填 where。 3.where　空格后是定语从句,先行词是地点名词 place,从句中缺少状语,故填 where。 4.when　先行词是表示时间的名词 night,之后的定语从句中缺少状语,故填 when。 5.why　空格后是定语从句,先行词是表示原因的名词 reason,从句中缺状语,故填 why。 6.which/that　空格后是定语从句,先行词是 ship,从句中缺少主语,故填 which 或 that。 7.which/that　空格后是定语从句,先行词是 ship,从句中缺少主语,故填 which 或 that。 8.which/that　空格后是定语从句,先行词是 ship,从句中缺少主语,故填 which 或 that。 9.who　空格后是定语从句,先行词是表示人的代词 anyone,从句中缺少主语,故填 who。 10.who　空格后是定语从句,先行词是表示人的代词 those,从句中缺少主语,故填 who。 考点 3　名词性从句 1.that　that 引导主语从句,句首的 It 是形式主语。 2.what　由句意可知应使用 what 引导名词性从句作主语,句首的 It 是形式主语。 3.which　从句意看,应是指“哪一本杂志”,因而用 which 引导从句作真正的主语。 4.what　what 引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语。 5.What　根据句意“重要的是……”,应使用 what 引导主语从句并在从句中作主语。 6.that　that 引导同位语从句,说明 promise 的内容。 7.that　felt 后是宾语从句,从句结构完整,不缺句子成分,故用 that 引导。 8.what　根据句意应使用 what 引导从句作介词 of 的宾语。 9.that　that 从句作 request 的同位语,说明 request 的内容。 10.that　由句意可知使用 that 引导从句,作名词 possibility 的同位语。 11.that　应填 that 引导同位语从句,说明 news 的具体内容。 12.What　what 引导主语从句并在从句中作宾语。 13.that　that 从句作 view(观点)的同位语。 14.whether　whether 引导表语从句。 15.what　what 引导宾语从句作介词 From 的宾语。 课课练·随堂清 1.What　由句意可知,此处使用 what 引导主语从句,表达“需要准备的内容”。 2.how　由句意可知,此处使用 how 引导感叹句,作介词 with 的宾语。 3.that　由句意和句子结构可知,空格后是宾语从句,该从句意义完整,故填连词 that,that 可以省 略。 4.that　由句意可知,此处应填 that 引导表语从句,此时 that 不可省略。 5.that　that 引导宾语从句,作动词 say 的宾语,此时 that 可以省略。 6.what　what 引导的是表语从句。 7.why　由句意可知,应填 why 引导表语从句。 8.how　由前后句信息可知,此处填 how 引导宾语从句,作动词 find 的宾语。 9.what　此处表示“部分是因为社交媒体的原因”,因而填 what 引导宾语从句作介词短语 due to 的宾语。 10.that　此处应填 that 引导宾语从句,作动词 remember 的宾语。 考点 4　状语从句 1.although/though　由句意可知,主句和从句之间存在让步关系,故使用 although/though 引导让步 状语从句。 2.when　hardly...when...是固定句型,意为“刚(一)……就……”。 3.where　由句意可知,空格处强调地点概念,故填 where 引导地点状语从句。 4.when/as　根据句意应使用 as 或 when 引导时间状语从句。 5.While/Although/Though　此处需要一个引导让步状语从句的连词,故填 While/Although/Though。 6.if　由句意可知应使用 if 引导条件状语从句。 7.whether　whether...or...引导让步状语从句,表示“无论……还是……”。 8.because　由句意看,后面的从句表示原因,故使用连词 because。 9.unless　unless 表示“除非,如果不”,表示否定的条件。 10.when/because　根据句意应使用 when 或 because 引导时间状语从句或原因状语从句。 11.when　根据句意应使用 when 引导时间状语从句。 12.where　不及物动词后接状语从句,表示开始的地方,因而使用连词 where。 13.before　此处使用 before 表示两件事情发生相隔时间之短,意为“过不了多久他就会做好准 备”。 14.as/though　由句意看,前一句是让步状语从句,因形容词提前,故填 as/though。 15.While/Although/Though　由句意看,应使用连词 while/although/though 引导让步状语从句。位 于句首,首字母要大写。 课课练·随堂清 1.Although/Though/While　2.because　3.what　4.before 5.what　6.who　7.if　8.When　9.When　10.whenever/when 考点 5　特殊句式(强调句、倒装句、 省略句、there be 句型) 1.that　分析句子成分可知,题干使用的是强调句型,因而填 that。句意:对我们的工作最有益的不 是我们做了多少,而是我们对所做的事情付出了多少爱。 2.compared　句子的主语 Film 和 compare 之间是被动关系,因而空格处应用被动形式。可把 when 部分还原为完整的时间状语从句“when it is compared to such art forms...”。 3.did　表示否定意义的 not until 位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装,再根据前面从句的时态可知主 句为一般过去时,故填 did。 4.has　never 位于句首时,句子使用倒装语序,再根据句中时间信息 before 可知应使用现在完成 时,因而填 has。 5.asked　句子主语 Mr.Zhong 与 ask 之间为被动关系,分析句子结构可知,when 部分实际上是一 个省略的状语从句,完整的句子是“When he was asked...”。 6.lies　句首是表示方位的介词短语,故题干使用完全倒装句式。 7.did　only 修饰时间状语从句位于句首时,主句应使用部分倒装语序,再结合从句的时态可知应 填助动词 did。 8.that　此处强调第二句的主语 years of hard work,因而使用连词 that。 9.that　题干实际上使用的是 so...that...这一结构,只是 so 部分放在句首构成了倒装结构,由此可 知应填 that。 10.carried　if carried out regularly 是省略结构,完整的句子是:if they are carried out regularly。 课课练·随堂清 1.that　此处是强调句式。 2.known　此处是倒装句,根据前面的 has 可知使用现在完成时。 3.be　空前有 will,故填 be。 4.that　此处是强调句式。 5.are　后面的主语是 supporters,故填 are。 6.is　句子使用的是倒装句式,真正的主语是后面的“healthier quality”。 7.There　此处是“There be”句型。 8.It　此处是强调句式,故填 It。 9.does　此处使用 does 强调谓语。 10.only　由后面的“can green gas emissions be lowered by 96 percent.”可知,句子使用倒装结构,结 合句意用 only。