【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案设计（20页）

【英语】2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit2Englisharoundtheworld单元学案设计（20页）

‎2018届人教版必修1一轮复习：Unit2English around the world单元学案设计 一单元基础知识回顾 ‎【联想·积累】‎ ‎1.“请求，要求”家族 ‎①ask vt.& vi.要求，请求 ‎②claim vt.对……提出要求 ‎③demand n．& vt.要求 ‎④desire vt.要求，请求 ‎⑤request n．& vt.要求，请求 ‎⑥require vt.要求，命令；‎ requirement n．要求 ‎2.后缀－ern构成的方位形容词集锦 ‎①eastern东方的，东部的，来自东方的 ‎②western西方的，西部的；在西方的，在西部的 ‎③southern南方的，南部的 ‎④northern北方的，北部的 ‎⑤northwestern (在)西北的，向西北的，来自西北的 ‎⑥southeastern东南(部)的 ‎3.高频词链条 ‎①official adj.官方的；正式的；公务的→office n．办公室 ‎②gradual adj.逐渐的；逐步的→gradually adv.逐渐地；逐步地 ‎③spelling n．拼写；拼法→spell v．拼写 ‎④usage n．使用；用法；词语惯用法→useful adj.有用的→use n．& v．使用，利用 二 单元重点词汇和语法回顾 Part 1 Warming Up, Pre⁃reading, Reading and Comprehending I. 根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。 ‎ ‎1. After a long stay in England he's back in his n________ land.‎ ‎2. The country's o________ language is Spanish. ‎ ‎3. If offered red or white, I will choose the l________ wine.‎ ‎4. He was a young sailor on his first sea v________.‎ ‎5. True friendship should be b________ on each other's understanding.‎ ‎6. By the age of two a child will have a(n) ________ (词汇量) of about two hundred words.‎ ‎7. The police are trying to discover the ________ (身份) of the killer.‎ II. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。‎ ‎1. ________ (gradual) she realized that he wasn't telling her the truth. ‎ ‎2. British and American ________ (spell) are different in many ways.‎ ‎3. Buses run ________ (frequent) between the city and the airport.‎ ‎4. I'd like to speak English ________ (fluent).‎ III. 根据汉语意思补全下面句子（每空一词）。‎ ‎1. 他走上前来并作了自我介绍。‎ He ________ ________ and introduced himself.‎ ‎2. 因为下雨他们没有爬山。‎ They didn't climb the mountain ________ ________ the rain.‎ ‎3. 要充分利用一切机会说英语。‎ ‎________ ________ ________ every chance you have to speak English.  ‎ ‎4. 我们种植了许多种花卉,例如玫瑰和百合。‎ We've planted lots of different flowers, ________ ________ roses and lilies. ‎ ‎5. 很抱歉, 我现在帮不了你。‎ I'm afraid I can't help you just ________ ________.  ‎ 答案 Part 1‎ I. 1. native   2. official  3. latter 4. voyage   5. based   6. vocabulary   7. identity II. 1. Gradually     2. spellings     3. frequently    4. fluently  ‎ III. 1. came up       2. because of   3. Make use of 4. such as      5. at present Part 2 Learning about Language I. 根据括号内的提示翻译下面句子。‎ ‎1. 你必须服从船长的命令。                       (command)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. 他们要求他离开。                               (request)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. 这个词不是个普通常用词。                        (usage)‎ ‎_____________________________________________________________‎ II. 将下面的直接引语变为间接引语。‎ ‎1. “Do some shopping for me, please,” Jack said to her. ‎ ‎→_____________________________________________________________‎ ‎2. Jim asked me, “Could you join us for lunch?”‎ ‎→_____________________________________________________________‎ ‎3. Tom's father said to him, “Don't drive too fast.”‎ ‎→_____________________________________________________________‎ ‎4. “Sit down, Susan,” Jane said. ‎ ‎→_____________________________________________________________‎ 答案 Part 2‎ I. 1. You must obey the captain's command(s).‎ ‎2. They requested him to leave.‎ ‎3. It's not a word in common usage.‎ II. 1. Jack asked her to do some shopping for him.‎ ‎2. Jim asked me to join them for lunch.‎ ‎3. Tom's father told him not to drive too fast.‎ ‎4. Jane told Susan to sit down.‎ Part 3 Using Language I. 根据下面各句句意以及所给单词的首字母或汉语提示词，写出该单词的正确形式（每空一词）。‎ ‎1. His a________ was so strong that I couldn't understand a word he was saying.‎ ‎2. “A can of worms” is an e________ which means “a difficult situation”.‎ ‎3. Go s________ along this road and turn left at the traffic lights.‎ ‎4. I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I r________ her immediately.‎ ‎5. The office is four ________ (街区) from here. ‎ ‎6. She lay awake, listening to the thunder and ________ (闪电).‎ II. 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下面句子。‎ ‎1. The question of cost will _______________________ (起重要作用) in our decision.‎ ‎2. _______________________ (信不信由你), we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.‎ ‎3. There is no _______________________ (免费午餐之类的事).‎ 答案 Part 3‎ I. 1. accent     2. expression  3. straight    4. recognized    5. blocks   6. lightning II. 1. play an important part ‎2. Believe it or not ‎3. such thing as a free lunch 三 单元能力训练讲解 如何克服高考阅读理解中长难句障碍 ‎ ----从2017年全国卷（Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ）说起 ‎《英语课程标准》中对阅读明确提出“能通过分析句子结构理解难句和长句”阅读要求。可见，句子理 解特别是长难句理解就是提高阅读理解能力的一个突破口。从近年高考题来看，阅读理解难度加大的一个主要途径就是句子长度增加，难句加多了。由此，难句理解就是阅读理解的一个突破口。‎ 通过句子结构的分析就是句子成分的分析来简化句子是一种理解长难句的好方法。长难句通常含有较多的修饰成分、并列成分或“从句套”，结构极为复杂，没有扎实的语言基本功很难在短时间内理出头绪。笔者从教学实践中总结出以下几种技巧，然后结合2017年全国三份卷为例来加以具体的指导说明，从而指导同学们阅读，以便更好地备考。‎ 技巧一、 捕捉关键词，忽略次要信息 一个英语句子之所以难以理解，有许多原因，其中一个主要原因是句子太长或者句子结构复杂。句子过长或者复杂通常是该句除了主干之外还包含了一些附加部分，如插入语、同位语、分隔现象、各种从句或较长的非谓语动词短语等等。句子就是由“主干”+“修饰”组成；段落就是由不同句子组成的。1.把握句子关键在于，把握较长句子修饰成分。它主要表现如下“三长”： 三长之一：介词短语 。‎ 从介词（短语）开始到名词结束，表示一个独立的完整意思的意义结构。起止标识就是从介词开始到名词结束。三长之二：从句。由引导词引导的主谓结构， 结构就是“引导词+主语+谓语（+宾语）”。起止标识一定是引导词（偶尔可以省略）开始，但是有以下四种结尾标志：（1）到句子的结尾句号。(2) 到句中的逗号终止。(3)到下一个修饰成分终止。I(4)到下一个谓语动词终止。三长之三：非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词指的是动词在句子之中“不是谓语”的三大变化形式。非谓语动词一定是由非谓语的三种形式之一开头，同样有四种形式结尾：（1）到句子的结尾句号。（2）到句中的逗号终止。（3）到下一个修饰成分终止。（4）到下一个谓语动词终止。‎ 2. 句子的心脏：谓语动词。3.句子的骨架：句型。4.添乱的“介词短语”。5.华丽的“三大从句”。6.高贵的“三大非谓语”。7.你所不知道的“段落”。‎ 在高考有限的答题时间内，对每个长难句细读慢嚼，分析其结构，理解其内容，显然是不现实的。为了提高速度和准确率，对于长难句，我们只需要了解基本内容而无须掌握其准确含义或者细节内容。这时，我们就可以使用关键词语阅读法，根据材料的内容、上下文及自己的需要，抓住句子的关键词语，捕捉文章中的关键信息或你所需要的信息即可。‎ 技巧二、确定长句的中心意义和次要意义。‎ 1. 通过引导短语和引导句确定句子的中心意义。出现在中心意义之前的短语和从句，称之为引导短语和引导句；它们一般都有逗号与句子的其他部分分开，这个逗号是读者找到中心意义的信号。‎ 2. 找出复杂主语的中心词，以确定句子的中心意义。复杂主语是由两个以上的词组组成的，其中心词是名词或名词性的短语。复杂主语的中心词肯定不在介词短语、分词短语、动词不定式等短语或从句中，而在这些短语或从句之前。中心词与谓语动词保持数的一致，因此，我们可以通过甩掉介词短语、分词短语动词不定式以及从句找到中心词，根据主谓一致的关系等迅速抓住中心词。‎ 3. 甩掉次要意义，以确定中心意义。如果句子很长，设法找到句中支撑中心思想的细节部分，即句子的次要意义。次要意义往往插在句子中间，由两个逗号或破折号与主要意义隔开。这种插在句子中间的部分被称为插入语，它常有副词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、分词短语或不定式短语等形式。‎ 技巧三、将长句拆成短句 将长句拆成短句就是指将由简单句复合而成的长句拆成较短的复合句或简单句。先拆并列句后拆复合句，一直拆到理解句子的含义为止。‎ ‎1.从and、but和“；”或“—”处拆开，将长句拆成短句。如果and、but后不是句子，则将其后的省略成分补充出来，扩展为句子，然后再断成部分，这种拆句方法要根据理解的需要进行。‎ ‎2.将以which、who等关系代词和以when、where、why等引导的定语从句或that、whether等引导的同位语从句拆出来。一般来说，非限制定语从句主要是起补充说明作用所以可从从句中拆出来，但是限制性定语从句是否可以拆分出来要视它与先行词意义的关系紧密程度来决定。‎ ‎3. 将作后置定语的分词短语、形容词短语、介词短语、动词不定式短语以及名词性短语等直接从从句中拆出来，或者将它们扩展成为定语从句，然后从从句中拆出来。‎ ‎4. 将谓语动词后的分词短语、形容词短语、独立主结构以及with的复合结构从句中拆出来。‎ 技巧四、扩展句子 扩展句子指的是将省略句中被省略的成分补充出来或将简单句转换成复合句，这样，使句意变得更加明显。注意，这里的扩扎句子意指理解性的扩展，即读者遇到对意义理解模糊或不能确定其中心意义，要注意句子中被省略或简化的部分。‎ ‎1.阅读时，根据前后的内容，补出句中被省略的成分，使省略句变成完全句。‎ ‎2.将句中的词、词组或短语转换成分句，这样，句意就会变得更加明显。‎ 在英语中，省略是一条重要的修辞原则。省略主要是为了避免重复，突出关键词并使上下文紧密连接或者只是单纯的语法需要。省略主要可以分为词法上的省略、句法上的省略和替代省略。‎ 技巧五、寻找句内有相互联系的词、短语或复杂结构 ‎1.寻找句内表意义关联的词。英语中表意义关联的词通常由两部分组成，常见的有both...and, neither...nor,either...or,not only...but also, as well as, rather than,so(such)...that,as(so)...as,too...to,from...to,more than...等。在阅读中遇到其中一个词，则立即找到与其有联系的另外一个词，然后把相关的两部分综合起来理解。‎ ‎2.找到被分割的动词及名词与介词之间的联系。‎ ‎3.找出被分割的定语、同位语与名词之间的联系。‎ ‎4.找出被分割的宾语与动词之间的联系。‎ ‎5.通过平行结构的对等关系，准确理解句意。‎ ‎6. 明白强调句等复杂语法结构的构成特征即句子形式，如倒装句、疑问句等。‎ 六、意群阅读法 意群阅读法，即把意义和语法结构上有关联的几个词连接成较完整的信息。意群可以由一个单词、词组或短语组成，也可以由一个从句以一定的语法结构组成。它常见的有：先行词+定语从句，同位语+同位语从句，被修饰词+后置定语，动名词或动词不定式的复合结构，动宾结构。此方法不仅有利于提高阅读速度，而且有利于对句子的整体理解。‎ 总之，在碰到长句和难句时，要根据实际情况灵活运用上述方法，在平时阅读过程中要加强对长句和难句的句法分析训练。有时要几种方法综合使用才能正确理解句意。以下是对2017年全国卷三份试卷阅读理解中一些有代表性的长难句，同时结合关联的试题来分析。‎ 实例一：Today, Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and brings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over Washington State. （卷ⅠA篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是一个含有and连接的复合谓语的简单句。可以简化为Pacific Science Center serves people a year and brings science education to classrooms 。‎ ‎【译文】今天太平洋科学中心每年为130万人提供服务并且把科学教育带入了课堂和整个华盛顿的每个社区活动之中。关键词 serve, 为某人服务；bring sth. To some place把某东西带入某地。‎ ‎22. What does Pacific Science Center do for schools?‎ A. Train science teachers. B. Distribute science books.‎ C. Inspire scientific research. D. Take science to the classroom.‎ ‎【答案解析】D。 由上句可知太平洋科学中心把科学教育带入了课堂。即可直接选正确答案D。‎ 实例二：It’s an amazing accomplishment and one we can’t achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificorganzier.org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center（卷ⅠA篇）‎ ‎【分析】第一个长句含有一个省略了关系代词that的定语从句we can’t achieve without ...,先行词是指示代词one(= an accomplishment )；第二个句子也是一个省略了关系词in which的定语从句you can support Pacific Science Center，先行词是ways。关键词achieve ‎ 实现，获得；way方式，其后定语从句引导词in which(=that)可以被省略，in a way通过某种方式。‎ ‎【译文】这是一项令人惊喜的成绩并且这个成绩如果没有个人、公司和其它社会组织的慷慨支持我们就一定不能实现。访问pacificorganzier.org网站就可以找到支持太平洋科学中心的各种各样的方式。‎ ‎23. What is the purpose of the last part of the text?‎ A. To encourage donations. B. To advertise coming events.‎ C. To introduce special exhibits. D. To tell about the Center’s history.‎ ‎【答案解析】A 。 推理判断题。由第一句可知太平洋科学中心取得的令人惊喜的成绩离不开个人、公司和其它社会组织的慷慨支持。第二句又提供了一个网站以方便人们以各种方式支持太平洋科学中心。可以判断最后一段主要号召人们为科学普及事业踊跃捐款。donation 捐赠，捐献。‎ 实例三：Trying to help injured, displaced or sick creatures can be heartbreaking; survival is never certain. （卷ⅠB篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是一个并列句，句中分号相当于and一词具有连接作用。-ing短语trying to...做主语，三个形容词injured, displaced or sick作定语修饰creatures。关键词 displaced adj.无家可归的；survival n.幸存，幸存者；creature n.动物。‎ ‎【译文】尽力去帮助受伤的，无家可归的或生病的动物可能是令人伤心的，不一定能够幸存下来。‎ ‎24. What is unavoidable in the author’s rescue work according to paragraph 1?‎ A. Efforts made in vain. B. Getting injured in his work.‎ C. Feeling uncertain about his future. D. Creatures forced out of their homes.‎ ‎【答案解析】A。由该句可知，作者在救助受伤的、流离失所的或生病的野生动物，但结果却可能是令人心碎的，被救动物能否活下来也不能确定。也就是说，作者他们的努力有可能会付诸东流。in vain徒劳。故选A。‎ 实例四：UNESCO(United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization)recently set April 30 as a day to raise awareness of jazz music, its significance, and its potential as a unifying(联合)voice across cultures. （卷ⅠC篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是一个不定式短语作目的状语，可以用来回答why引导的疑问句。介词ofh后面3个名词构成并列平行结构。‎ ‎【译文】联合国教科文组织把4月30日定为国际爵士乐日，就是为了让人们意识到爵士乐以及其重要性和在跨文化交流方面的带来的益处。‎ ‎28.Why did UNESCO set April 30 as International Jazz Day?‎ A. To remember the birth of jazz.‎ B. To protect cultural diversity.‎ C. To encourage people to study music.‎ D. To recognize the value of jazz.‎ ‎【答案解析】D。根据上句可以确定28题的答案位置，同时可知这一行为的目的是提高对爵士乐以及它的重要性的认识，同时还有在跨文化交流方面作为统一声音的潜力。这与选项D“认识爵士乐的价值”句意相同的。故选D。‎ 实例五：Despite the celebrations, （though）, in the U.S. the jazz audience continues to shrink and grow older, and the music has failed to connect with younger generations. It’s Jason Moran’s job to help change that. 。。。。。。（卷ⅠC篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是由and引导的并列句。句中though为副词，用作插入语，意思是“不过”。关键词shrink v.收缩，减少；fail to do sth.没有做某事；connect with与...联系。‎ ‎【译文】在美国尽管有各种各样的爵士乐庆典活动，爵士乐的听众依然在减少，同时也变老；它并没有把年轻一代能联系起来。‎ ‎29.What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Jazz becoming more accessible.‎ B. The production of jazz growing faster.‎ C. Jazz being less popular with the young.‎ D. The jazz audience becoming larger.‎ ‎【答案解析】C 。根据划线单词that前面长句可知，同时这种音乐没有把年轻一代能联系起来。而文章中Jason Moran的工作正改变着这种情况。故可判断出指示代词that指的就是前句“爵士乐不受年轻人的欢迎”这种现象。故正确答案为C。 ‎ 实例六：Next, cover the hole with the plastic sheet, securing the edges of the plastic with dirt and weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock. （卷ⅠD篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是一个复杂的简单句，两个-ing短语作并列的伴随状语。关键词 secure v. 保护；weigh v.权衡，称量，考虑。‎ ‎【译文】接下来，用塑料板盖住洞口，用泥土保护塑料边缘并且在塑料布的中间放一块石头。‎ ‎34. What is the last step of constructing a working solar still?‎ A. Dig a hole of a certain size.‎ B. Put the cup in place.‎ C. Weight the sheet’s center down.‎ D. Cover the hole with the plastic sheet.‎ ‎【答案解析】C 。文章第二、三段详细讲述了安装太阳能蒸馏器的方法和步骤，第三段的weighting the sheet’s center down with a rock同时结合句首next一词说明在塑料布的中间放一块石头是最后一个步骤。‎ 实例七：When the container is full, you can suck the refreshment out through the tube, and won’t have to break down the still every time you need a drink. （卷ⅠD篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是and连接的并列的平行结构：两个时间状语从句。第一个句子是when引导的时间状语从句，第二个句子是every time(=whenever)引导的时间状语从句。‎ ‎【译文】当容器满的时候，你可以通过试管把茶点吸出来；每次你需要喝饮料的时候，你不必把蒸馏器打破。‎ ‎35. When a solar still works, drops of water come into the cup from___________.‎ A. the plastic tube B. outside the hole C. the open air D. beneath the sheet ‎【答案解析】D 。这个题目首先要求我们正确理解安装太阳能蒸馏器的方法和步骤，最后一段提到地下的水蒸发后被塑料布收集在其里面了，越积越多，然后在塑料布上形成水滴，最后滴在下面的杯。beneath prep.在...下面。‎ 实例八：By translating the rich and humourous text of Love’s Labour’s Lost into the physical language of BSL, Deafinitely Theatre creates a new interpretation of Shakespeare’s comedy and aims to build a bridge between deaf and hearing worlds by performing to both groups as one audience. (全国二卷A篇)‎ ‎【分析】该句是由and连接的并列谓语的简单句。同时有两个by引导的介词短语作方式状语。关键词 translate...into 把...翻译成; interpretation翻译，演绎；aim to 目标在于...; perform表演。‎ ‎【译文】通过把Love’s Labour’s Lost丰富且幽默的文本翻译成BSL的物理语言，Deafinitely Theater的特色是演员是用英语手势语(哑语)来表演莎士比亚的戏剧并且通过两组观众进行表演来在盲人和听觉世界之间建立一座桥梁。‎ ‎22. What is special about Deafinitely Theatre?‎ A. It has two groups of actors. ‎ ‎ B. It is the leading theatre in London.‎ C. It performs plays in BSL.‎ D. It is good at producing comedies.‎ ‎【答案解析】C 。由Deafinitely Theatre   London|British Sign Language(BSL)可知Deafinitely Theater的特色是演员是用英语手势语(哑语)来表演戏剧的。‎ 实例九：When the studio didn’t want me for the film—（it wanted somebody as well known as Paul）—he stood up for me.‎ ‎（全国二卷B篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是一个状语从句。但是使用破折号插入了一个表原因的简单句。这个插入句从主句中分离出来就很好被理解了。‎ ‎【译文】这家电影工作室不想我拍电影时，他却支持我。因为他们希望能找到一位像保罗•纽曼一样有名的演员。‎ 24. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?‎ A. Paul Newman wanted it.‎ B. The studio powers didn’t like his agent.‎ C. He wasn’t famous enough.‎ D. The director recommended someone else.‎ ‎【答案解析】C 。由句可知，这家电影工作室希望能找到一位像保罗•纽曼（Paul Newman）一样有名的演员。也就是说，他们觉得作者名气不够，因此不愿意将这个角色给作者。故选C。‎ 实例十：The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. （全国二卷B篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句含有一个that引导的定语从句，先行词是friendship;第二个that引导的同位语从句修饰其前名词fact,同时里面套有一个although引导的让步状语从句。去掉两个从句，该句子可以简化为The friendship had its root in the fact that we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV。这样句意就容易把握了。‎ ‎【译文】这段友谊源自于拍摄这部电影和四年后《斯汀》的经历，并且这段友谊根植于一个事实：虽然我们的年龄不同，但是我们源自相同的电视和戏剧传统。‎ ‎25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?‎ A. They were of the same age.‎ B. They worked in the same theater.‎ C. They were both good actors.‎ D. They had similar characteristics.‎ ‎【答案解析】D 。由第二段，特别是其中“Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors: humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other— but always with an underlying affection.（我们俩都有美国演员特有的品质和美德：幽默、进取、互相取笑，但内心却总是充满感情）”这句可知，作者和保罗•纽曼（Paul Newman）友谊长存的重要原因是两个人志趣相投。故选D。【误解分析】该题容易误选A、B、C。选项A与文中“there was an age difference”这句话自相矛盾；选项B曲解了原文中“we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV”这句话的意思；作者没有说自己是好演员，选项C是无中生有。‎ 实例十一：We shared the belief that if you’re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back—he with his Newman’s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn’t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. ‎ ‎（全国二卷B篇）‎ ‎【分析】第一句句是一个破折号连接从句。破折号前面是that引导的同位语从句，修饰名词belief,并且that引导的同位语从句内有一个if引导的条件状语从句;破折号后面是and连接的两个对称平行结构。其中and前还有who引导的定语从句，先行词是kids.‎ ‎【译文】我们都相信，如果你足够幸运能够成功，你就应该得到回报。他带着纽曼的食物和《在墙上的洞》给那些重病的孩子们，而我就是和圣丹斯，学院和音乐在一起。虽然我和保罗不经常见面，但是共同的分享使我们紧紧联系在一起。‎ ‎26. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 3 refer to?‎ A. Their belief. B. Their care for children.‎ C. Their success. D. Their support for each other.‎ ‎【答案解析】A 。划线单词前一句虽然很长，但主干部分就是“We shared the brief”这几个字，后面that引导的同位语从句，解释说明the ‎ belief的具体内容。划线单词所在句承接前一句内容，其中sharing that指的是前一句中的we shared the belief。也就是说，划线that指代的是the belief。故选A。‎ 实例十二：Mann said Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision five years ago to create a separate set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. （全国二卷C篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是含有一个that(said之后)引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句。并且to create....是不定式短语作decision的定语，表其内容。该句被拆成三部分分别理解之后再合为一个整体来理解。‎ ‎【译文】Mann说五年前Terrafugia公司还得到联邦航空管理局的帮助，给轻型运动飞机创造了一套单独的标准，这比大型飞机的飞行员的要求要低些。‎ ‎30. What is the government’s attitude to the development of the flying car?‎ A. Cautious. B. Favorable.‎ C. Ambiguous. D. Disapproving.‎ ‎【答案解析】B 。根据文章第三段中的The government has already permitted company to use special materials to make it easier for the vehicle to fly.可知，政府已经也许公司使用特殊的材料让这种车飞起来更容易。同时从第四段中的Terrafugia was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration’s decision…可知，Terrafugia公司还得到联邦航空管理局的帮助，从这些信息可以判断处，政府对这种车是“赞成的”。故选B。而cautious“谨慎的”；ambiguous“模棱两可的”；disapproving不赞成；不同意，均不符合文章的意思。‎ 实例十三：They pump out perfumes designed to attract different insects who are natural enemies to the attackers. Once they arrive, the tables are turned. （全国二卷D篇）‎ ‎【分析】第一句是一个关系词who引导的定语从句，先行词是perfumes,同时过去分词短语designed ...也是做perfumes的后置定语。‎ ‎【译文】被袭击的植物发出香味来吸引袭击者的天敌。一旦他们到达，这些袭击者就变成了被袭击者了。关键词pump out 抽出，发出；design vt.设计；attacker n.攻击者；turn vt.转动，翻过来。‎ ‎33. What does the author mean by “the tables are turned” in paragraph 3?‎ A. The attackers get attacked.‎ B. The insects gather under the table.‎ C. The plants get ready to fight back.‎ D. The perfumes attract natural enemies.‎ ‎【答案解析】A 。前一句提到这些被袭击的植物发出香味来吸引袭击者的天敌，因此这些袭击者的天敌一到达，这些袭击者就变成了被袭击者了。‎ 实例十四：Though the movie is 30 years old, most of the 250 seats were filled with teary-eyed ‎ audience wanting to say good-bye to the old building. （全国卷ⅢB篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是由though引导的让步状语从句，同时ing短语wanting...作audience的后置定语。‎ ‎【译文】虽然这部电影已经有30年的历史了，但是250个座位却坐满了满含泪水的观众，他们想与这栋大楼话别。‎ ‎27. What can we infer about the audience?‎ A. They are disappointed with Bradford.‎ B. They are sad to part with the old theater.‎ C. They are supportive of the city officials.‎ D. They are eager to have a shopping center.‎ ‎【答案解析】B 。由该句和文中“The theater audience said good-bye as Bradford locked the doors for the last time.”可知，观众对这家有着75年悠久历史的老剧院有着深厚的感情，对剧院的被拆非常不舍。故选B。‎ 实例十五：The Intelligent Transport team at Newcastle University have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory named “DriveLAB” in order to understand the challenges faced by older drivers and to discover where the key stress points are.（全国卷ⅢD篇）‎ ‎【分析】该句是一个复杂的单句。其主干部分就是The Intelligent Transport team have turned an electric car into a mobile laboratory 。同时由and连接的两个不定式短语作目的状语，另外过去分词短语 named “DriveLAB”、faced by older drivers分别作laboratory和challenges的后置定语。‎ ‎【译文】纽卡斯尔大学的智能运输团队为了理解老年司机面临的各种挑战同时为了发现问题的关键点在哪里，就把一辆电动汽车变成了名叫DriveLAB的移动实验室。‎ ‎32.What is the purpose of the DriveLAB?‎ A. To explore new means of transport.‎ B. To design new types of cars.‎ C. To find out older drivers’ problems.‎ D. To teach people traffic rules.‎ ‎【答案解析】C 。文章第一句的...in order to understand the challenges faced by old drivers and to discover where the key stress points are说明研究者研究的目的是了解老人司机面临的挑战和发现关键的问题在哪里。因此C项正确。‎ 四 单元综合知识回顾 第二部分 阅读理解(共两节，满分40分) ‎ 第一节 ‎(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) ‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ A ‎ I was very disappointed not to be able to go to the jazz concert last Friday. The advertisement in the paper said that you could buy tickets at the theatre box in Richland Hills any day between 10:00 and 4:00. Since I work from 9:00 to 5:30, the only time I could go to the theatre was during my 45-minute lunch break.‎ ‎ Unfortunately, the theatre is on the other side of the town, and the bus service between my office and Richland Hills is not very good. But if you are lucky, you can make the round trip in 45 minutes. Last Monday. I stood at the bus stop for 15 minutes waiting for the bus, By the time I saw one come around the corner, there was not enough time left to make the trip. ‎ ‎ So I gave up and went back to the office. The same thing happened on Tuesday, and again next day. On Thursday, my luck changed. I got on a bus right away and arrived at the theatre in exactly 20 minutes. When I got there, however, I found a long line of people at the box office, I heard one man say he had been waiting in line for over an hour. Realizing I would not have enough time to wait in line. I caught the next bus and headed back across the town. ‎ ‎ By Friday I realized my only hope was to make the trip by taxi, it was expensive, but I felt it would be worth it to hear the concert. The trip by taxi only took 10 minutes, but felt like an hour to me. When I got to the theatre, I was relieved to see that nobody was waiting in line. The reason, however, I quickly discovered, was that they had already sold all the tickets.‎ ‎21. The man learned that there would be a concert last Friday.‎ ‎ A. from the newspaper B. from his friends ‎ C. from one of his work-mates D. over the radio ‎ ‎22. He tried to go to the theatre every day but managed to get there only _______.‎ ‎ A. once B. three times ‎ C. twice D. four times ‎23. One day the man took _______ to get to the theatre by bus.‎ ‎ A. forty-five minutes B. fifteen minutes ‎ C. over an hour D. just twenty minutes ‎24. The underlined word “relieved” may best be replaced by ___________.‎ A. surprised B. puzzled C. pleased D. sorry B ‎ ‎ We all know what a brain is. A doctor will tell you that the brain is the organ of the body in the head. It controls our body's functions, movements, emotions and thoughts. But a brain can mean so much more.‎ ‎ A brain can also simply be a smart person, If a person is called brainy, she is smart and intelligent. If a family has many children but one of them is super smart, you could say, "She's the brains in the family. " And if you are the brains behind something you ‎.are responsible for developing or organizing something. For example, Bill Gates is the brains behind Microsoft ‎ Brain trust is a group of experts who give advice. Word experts say the phrase ‎"brain trust" became popular when Franklin D. Roosevelt first ran for president in ‎ 1932, Several professors gave him advice on social and political issues facing the U. S.‎ ‎ These professors were called his "brain trust. "‎ ‎ These ways we use the word "brain" all make sense. But other ways we use the word are not so easy to understand. For example, to understand the next brain expression, you first need to know the word “drain." As a verb to drain means to,‎ remove something by letting it flow away. So a brain drain may sound like a disease where the brain flows out the ears. But, brain drain is when a country's most educated people leave their countries to live in another. The brains are, sort of, draining out of the country.‎ ‎ However, if people are responsible for a great idea, you could say they brainstormed it. Here, brainstorm is not an act of weather. It is a process of thinking creatively about a complex topic. For example, business leaders may use brainstorming to create new products, and government leaders may brainstorm to solve problems.‎ ‎ If people are brainwashed, it does not mean their brains are nice and clean. To brainwash means to make someone accept new beliefs by using repeated pressure in a forceful or tricky way. Keep in mind that brainwash is never used in a positive way.‎ ‎25. According to the text, if you're the CEO of Bai Du you can be called ‎ A. the brains behind Bai Du ‎ B. Bai Du's brain trust ‎ C. the brain drain of Bai Du ‎ D. the organ of Bai Du ‎26. Why did Roosevelt successfully win the election?‎ ‎ A. Because he was smart at giving advice.‎ ‎ B. Because word experts were popular.‎ ‎ C. Because he got his brain trust.‎ ‎ D. Because he was the brains behind America.‎ ‎27. Which of the following expression is always used in a negative way?‎ ‎ A. Brain trust B. Brain drain C. Brainstorm D. Brainwash C ‎ Mars( 火星) appears to be flowing with small streams of salty water, at least in the ‎ summer, scientists reported Monday. "It suggests that. it would be possible for there to ‎ be life today on Mars," NASA's science mission chief, John Grunsfeld, said at a news conference on September 28, 2015.‎ ‎ The streams are about 12 to 15 feet wide and 300 feet or more long, scientists said.‎ ‎ "What we're dealing with is wet soil. thin layers of wet soil, not standing water," said Aifred McEwen of the University of Arizona at Tueson ! the principal scientist for the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter's high-resolution imaging experiment.‎ ‎ Because liquid water is essential to life, the findings could have major implications for the possibility of Martian life. The researchers said further exploration is needed to ‎ determine whether microscopic life exists on the planet.‎ ‎ The presence of liquid water could also make life easier for astronauts visiting or living on Mars. Water could be used for drinking and for creating oxygen and rocket ‎ fuel. NASA's goal is to send humans there in the 2030s.‎ ‎ The evidence of flowing water consists largely of dark, narrow streaks(条痕) on the surface that tend to appear and grow during the warmest Martian months and fade the rest of the year.‎ ‎ Mars is extremely cold even in summer, and the streaks are in places where the temperature is as low as minus 10 degrees Fahrenheit. But salt can lower the freezing ‎ point of water and melt ice.‎ ‎ The source of the water is a mystery. Scientists noted it could be melting ‎ ice. It could be an underground aquifer, which is rock or sand that can hold water. It is ‎ possibly water vapor from the thin Martian atmosphere, Or it may be a combination ‎ Michael Meyer, lead scientist for NASA's Mars exploration program, said the only ‎ definitive way for now to determine whether there's life on Mars is to collect rocks and ‎ soil for analysis on Earth - something a U. S. lander set for lift-off in 2020 will do.‎ ‎28. What would be the best title for the text? '‎ ‎ A Streams of Water Spotted on Mars B. Astronauts will Land on Mars ‎ C. NASA's Mars Exploration Program D. A Breakthrough in the Exploration of Mars ‎29. According to John Grunsfeld, there seems to be on Mars.‎ ‎ A. salty water B. standing water C. rocket fuel D. human beings ‎30.Scientists are uncertain about the of the water on Mars.‎ ‎ A. state B. source C. temperature D. taste 31. What matters to the existence of liquid water on Mars?[来源:Zxxk.Com]‎ ‎ A. The distance from the sun. B. The favorable climate.‎ ‎ C. The gravity of the earth D．The salt in it．‎ D Teachers say the digital age has had a good influence — and a not-so-good influence — on this generation of American teenagers. More than 2,000 teachers took an online survey. Three-quarters of the teachers said the Internet and digital search tools have had a “mostly positive” effect on their students’ research habits and skills. But 64 percent said the technologies “do more to distract (使……分心) students than to help them academically.” And 87 percent agreed that these technologies are creating an “easily distracted generation with short attention spans.”‎ The Pew Internet Project did the survey with the National Writing Project. Judy Buchanan is the vice director of the National Writing Project and a co-author of the report. Ms. Buchanan says digital research tools are helping students learn more and faster. “Teachers really favor these tools because they are ways to make some of the learning exciting and engaging. Young people favor these tools. The goal is to really help them become creators of meaningful content, and not just sort of consumers.” But one problem the survey found is that many students lack digital literacy. They trust too much of the information they find on the Internet. Judy says these students haven’t developed the skills to determine the quality of online information. “It’s something that really has to be taught and paid attention to. Because in a world in which things happen quickly, you do need to step back, reflect and analyze the information you have.” Another problem is blamed on something that might not seem like a problem at all: being able to quickly find information online. Teachers say the result is a reduction in the desire and ability of their students to work hard to find answers. They say students are overly dependent on search engines and do not make enough use of printed books or research libraries ‎. Many teachers are also concerned that the Internet makes it easy for students to copy work done by others instead of using their own abilities.‎ ‎32. The text mainly tells us _________.‎ A. all the students use digital tools ‎ B. the Internet is playing a key role C. teachers encourage using digital tools ‎ D. digital tools bring about benefits and problems ‎33. Which of the following best shows the structure of the text?‎ A. B. C. D.‎ ‎ ① ① ① ①‎ ‎ ‎ ‎ ② ③④ ② ③ ④‎ ‎② ③④⑤ ②③ ④⑤‎ ‎ ⑤ ⑤‎ ‎(①=Para 1, ②=Para 2, ③=Para 3, ④=Para 4, ⑤=Para 5)‎ ‎34. The underlined sentence in the third paragraph probably means _________.‎ ‎ A. students do not have the right digital tools ‎ B. students do not always have access to the Internet C. students haven’t the ability to adjust themselves D. students can’t judge online information properly ‎35. Some students don’t tend to work hard because _________.‎ ‎ A. they can get answers on the Internet quickly ‎ B. printed books and libraries around aren’t enough ‎ ‎ C. the Internet can’t make students concentrate D. they can copy each others’ work without being punished 第一节 ‎ (共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分) ‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ May the first is an important date in the college admission process in the United States. This is the last day for high school seniors to accept or reject offers of admission in the fall. But according to a recent report, there is a great change. Acceptance rates at the top colleges this year were lower than ever. 36 ‎ These days, college applicants are applying to more colleges because online and common applications make the process easier. 37 On the other hand, deciding students for top colleges to accept can be difficult because it takes much time. Students may not like being put on waiting lists. Also, common colleges work more to get the students they accept to accept them. Some colleges hold visiting days that offer a chance to attend classes and stay overnight. Some universities send gifts. 38 ‎ For many families, the most important thing colleges can do is show them the money, especially this year; the weak economy makes parents nervous. 39 The recent problems that spread from the housing market to credit markets have even affected student’s loans. So lately, top schools have to spare lots of money to increase their financial aid for students. ‎ ‎ 40 The Education Department expects the number of high school graduates to start to go down. This will happen as the last of the children of the baby boom generation finish high school. The number is not expected to start rising again until 2016. ‎ A. Besides, top colleges are facing changes in the population. ‎ B. What contributes to it?‎ C. But a mistake can be costly if it happens. ‎ D. But top colleges ignore them. ‎ E. They have international students who know English.‎ F. It can mean several acceptances to choose from.‎ G. They cannot afford college as planned. ‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用(共两节，满分45分) ‎ 第一节 完形填空(共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分) ‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项 (A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。‎ Joy in the Journey If you have ever been discouraged because of failure, please read on. For often, achieving what you set out to do is not the important thing. Let me explain.‎ ‎ Two brothers decided to dig a deep hole behind their house. As they were working, a couple of older boys stopped by to 41 . “What are you doing?” asked one of the visitors. “We plan to dig a hole all the way through the 42 !” One of the brothers volunteered 43 ‎ ‎ The older boys began to 44 , telling the younger ones that digging a hole all the way through the earth was 45 . After a long silence, one of the 46 picked up a jar full of spiders, worms and many other kinds of insects. He 47 the lid and showed the wonderful 48 to the scoffing（嘲笑的）visitors. Then he said quietly and 49 , “Even if we don’t dig all the way through the earth, look at what we have found 50 the way!” ‎ ‎ Their goal was far too ambitious, but it did cause them to dig. And that is 51 a goal is for — to cause us to move in the 52 we have chosen, in other words, to keep us 53 ! But not every goal will be fully 54 . Not every job will end 55 . Not every hope will come to pass. Not every love will last. Not every dream will be 56 . But when you fall 57 of your aim, perhaps you can say, “Yes, but look at what I found along the way! Look at the wonderful things 58 my life because I tried to do something!” It is in the digging 59 life is lived. And I believe it is the joy in the journey, in the end, that truly 60 . ‎ ‎41. A. rest B. work C. watch D. laugh ‎ ‎42. A. house B. earth C. wall D. road ‎43. A. calmly B. patiently C. excitedly D. impatiently ‎ ‎44. A. laugh B. think C. stare D. smile ‎ ‎45. A. important B. difficult C. impossible D. interesting ‎ ‎46. A. passers-by B. watchers C. visitors D. diggers ‎ ‎47. A. pulled B. removed C. broke D. pushed ‎ ‎48. A. contents B. scenes C. pictures D. jars ‎ ‎49. A. properly B. confidently C. carefully D. eagerly ‎ ‎50. A. in B. along C. to D. out ‎ ‎51. A. what B. how C. where D. which ‎ ‎52. A. way B. direction C. life D. sight ‎ ‎53. A. thinking B. moving C. digging D. living ‎ ‎54. A. made B. prepared C. kicked D. achieved ‎ ‎55. A. hopelessly B. pleasantly C. surprisingly D. successfully ‎56. A. come true B. realized C. made D. treasured ‎57. A. short B. lost C. out D. behind ‎58. A. breaking into B. turning to C. coming into D. holding to ‎ ‎59. A. when B. where C. which D. that ‎ ‎60. A. matters B. happens C. appears D. exists 第II卷 注意事项：用0.5毫米黑色笔迹的签字笔将答案写在答题卡上。写在本试卷上无效。 ‎ 第三部分 英语知识运用 (共两节，满分45分) ‎ 第一节 ‎(共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分) ‎ 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ As we all know, games play a very important role in the growth of children. Children should grow along with playing games; for, 61__________ playing games, they can not only acquire knowledge, but also develop their abilities to get along with others.‎ However, most children are 62__________ (face) with a completely different situation. Most parents fear that games will prevent children from increasing new knowledge and 63__________ the children will fail in the future examinations. So, instead of 64__________ (let) the children themselves find and learn naturally from their surroundings, they force their children to take part in 65__________ (variety) kinds of classes, learning English, playing 66__________ piano or practicing drawing, etc. What’s more, some parents put away the children’s toys which are very useful in developing children’s 67__________ (imagine) and practical abilities.‎ Here is a piece of good advice to those parents: 68__________ you want to expect your child to be able to accomplish something, you must first of all develop his ability to adapt 69__________ the new surroundings. That cram (填鸭式的) education can lead to nothing 70__________ a failure in the children’s growth.‎ 第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）‎ 第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）‎ 假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处，每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。‎ 增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。‎ 删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。‎ 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。‎ 注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均限一词。‎ ‎2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。‎ While visit France, we decide to do some shopping. Not far from the hotel there was a shop with all kind of clothing hanging up. When we went into the shop, a woman came up and asked that she could help us, but we said that we would like look around on our own. He looked at us rather strange. Not having found anything we needed, we thanked the woman and were left. Suddenly my husband started to laugh, pointing to a small sign with English, which reads “DRY-CLEANING SHOP. If you are a smoker, please don’t smoke here.”‎ 第二节 书面表达（满分25分）‎ 假定你校正在开展 “根除陋习、创建文明校园” 活动。请你以此为主题用英语写一篇发言稿，向全校学生倡议：‎ ‎ 1. 根除：乱扔垃圾、浪费食物、吸烟……‎ ‎ 2. 提倡：讲礼貌、互助……‎ 注意：‎ ‎1. 词数100左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；‎ ‎3. 开头和结尾已为你写好, 不计入总词数。‎ Dear friends,‎ As is known to all, our school has launched a campaign against bad habits in order to build a civilized campus. ______________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎__________________________________________________________________________‎ That’s all. Thank you.‎ 参考答案 ‎ 听力理解 1-5 BBABA 6-10 BACBC 11-15 BCABC 16-20 ACACA 阅读理解 21-23 ACDC 24-27 ACD 28-31 AABD 32-35 DADA 七选五 36-40 BFDGA 第一节 完形填空 ‎41-45 CBCAC 46-50 DBABB 51-55 ABCDD 56-60 BACDA 第二节 ‎61. by/through 62. faced 63. that 64. letting 65. various 66. the 67. imagination 68. if/when 69. to 70. but 第四部分：写作 第一节 短文改错 While visit France, we decide to do some shopping. Not far from the hotel there was a shop ‎ Visiting decided with all kind of clothing hanging up. When we went into the shop, a woman came up and asked ‎ ‎ kinds ‎ that she could help us, but we said that we would like ∧look around on our own. He looked at ‎ whether/if to She ‎ us rather strange. Not having found anything we needed, we thanked the woman and were left. ‎ strangely ‎ Suddenly my husband started to laugh, pointing to a small sign with ‎ ‎ in English, which reads “DRY-CLEANING SHOP. If you are a smoker, please don't smoke here.”‎ ‎ read ‎ 第二节 书面表达 One possible version: ‎ Dear friends,‎ As is known to all, our school has launched a campaign against bad habits in order to establish a civilized campus. But I have noticed that a lot of bad behavior still exists in our school, which does great harm to the image of our school. ‎ Therefore, I strongly suggest that we students stop throwing rubbish everywhere and spitting in public. Besides, no one should make dirty remarks or waste food. Such bad manners as smoking and fighting should also be removed from our campus. At the same time, we should perform good manners all the time and everywhere. We also promote the spirit of helping each other and healthy competition. Once again I’m here earnestly calling on everyone to take action and contribute to making our school a nicer place.‎ ‎ That’s all. Thank you.‎