2020届译林版高中英语复习选修6学案：Unit3Understandingeachother

2020届译林版高中英语复习选修6学案：Unit3Understandingeachother

Unit 3 Understanding each other 一、课前基础自查 ‎(一)分类记单词——省时高效 Ⅰ.阅读单词(知其意)‎ ‎1．endofterm n　　学期末 ‎2．bridegroom n. 新郎 ‎3．stove n. 炉子，火炉 ‎4．offence n. 冒犯；侮辱 ‎5．firework n. 焰火，烟花 ‎6．minority n. 少数民族；少数，少数人 ‎7．feast n. 盛宴，宴会；节日 ‎8．mask n. 面具 vt. 伪装，掩饰 ‎9．carve vt. 雕刻 ‎10．steam vt.& vi. 蒸，蒸发 n. 蒸汽 ‎11．claw n. 爪，爪子 ‎12．roast vt. 烤，烘焙 adj. 烤的，焙的 ‎13．barbecue n. 户外烧烤 ‎14．arrow n. 箭；箭头标记 Ⅱ.重点单词(写其形)‎ ‎1．adjust vi.& vt.　　　适应，习惯；调整，调节 ‎2．expectation n. 期望，盼望 ‎3．familiar adj. 通晓；熟悉 ‎4．ensure vt. 保证，担保，确保 ‎5．account n. 描述，叙述；账目 ‎6．alike adj. 相像，十分相似 adv. 十分相像地；同样地 ‎7．throughout prep.& adv. 自始至终；贯穿整个时期；‎ 各处，遍及 ‎8．retell vt. 复述，转述 ‎9．hug vt.& vi.& n. 拥抱，抱紧 ‎10．wedding n. 婚礼 ‎11．reception n. 招待会；接待；接受 ‎12．gesture n. 手势；姿势；示意动作 ‎13．plain n. 平原 adj. 清楚的，明显的；坦诚的；朴素的 ‎14．mysterious adj. 神秘的，奇怪的 ‎ Ⅲ.拓展单词(通其变)‎ ‎1．greet vt.和某人打招呼(或问好)→greeting n．招呼；问候；问候语 ‎2．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺→congratulation n．祝贺；贺词 ‎3．permit vt.& vi.允许，准许 n．许可证→permission n．允许，许可 ‎4．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止 ‎[语境活用]‎ ‎1．It took a while for her to accustom herself to the new school life. That meant after a while she became accustomed to living in the new school.(accustom) ‎ ‎2．Although there has been a slight increase of the population, this city still has a small population, only slightly over three hundred thousand.(slight)‎ ‎3．The prohibition order means that French is ‎ ‎→prohibition n．禁止；禁令 ‎5．religion n．宗教→religious adj.宗教的；虔诚的 ‎6．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的→accustom vt.使习惯于 ‎7．celebration n．庆典；庆祝活动→celebrate v．庆祝 ‎8．slight adj.轻微的→slightly adv.轻微地；稍微地 ‎9．bravery n．勇敢→brave adj.勇敢的→bravely adv.勇敢地；极好地 ‎10．govern vt.统治；控制，支配→governor n．主管人员；统治者→government n．政府 ‎ ‎11．musical adj.音乐的 n．音乐剧→music n．音乐，乐曲 prohibited in this school.(prohibit)‎ ‎4．Even if you have a permit,_I won't permit you to enter the hall without her permission.(permit)‎ ‎5．He often says that he doesn't believe in any religion but meanwhile he respects others' religious freedom.(religion)‎ ‎6．He is the governor of the city who governs the city. And he is a candidate for central government.(govern)‎ ‎7．To my surprise, instead of mailing a greeting card, she greeted me with a hug and said “Merry Christmas”．(greet)‎ ‎8．People celebrate the birthday differently. Mike's family are going traveling in celebration of Mike's 18th birthday.(celebrate)‎ ‎(二)练中记短语——记牢用活 写准记牢 语境活用(选用左栏短语填空)‎ ‎1.let_alone　　　　　　　　　更不用说 ‎2．show_sb._around 带某人参观、游览 ‎3．take_up 占据(时间或空间)‎ ‎4．have_power_over 控制，支配 ‎5．be_aware_of 知道，意识到 ‎6．shake_hands_with_sb. 与某人握手 ‎7．be_home_to 为……的所在地/‎ 栖息地/家园 ‎8．adjust_to 适应 ‎9．be_familiar_with 对……熟悉；通晓 ‎10．provide_..._with_... 给……提供……‎ ‎11．be_supposed_to_do_sth. 应该做某 ‎1.We could overcome any hard difficulty, let_alone this little thing.‎ ‎2．A great deal of my time is taken_up with reading critical essays and reviews.‎ ‎3．The species that fail to adjust_to the changing conditions of existence will gradually become extinct.‎ ‎4．Having been with him for a while, I was deeply aware_of that he was someone worth trusting.‎ ‎5．Pat will show you around the building so you can meet everyone.‎ ‎6．China is a vast country which is_home_to an amazing variety of landscapes, plants and animals. ‎ ‎7．Each great man belongs_to his time and can 事 ‎12．get_accustomed_to_(doing)_sth. 习惯(做)某事 ‎13．after_all 毕竟，终究 ‎14．do_without 没有……也行 ‎15．belong_to 属于 ‎16．take_place 发生；举行 ‎17．congratulate_sb._on_sth. 祝贺某人某事 ‎18．be_connected_with 与……有联系 ‎19．meet_with 遇见，碰到 ‎ come only at his proper moment.‎ ‎8．I am not familiar_with the field. I'm ready to hear your suggestions.‎ ‎9．The first time I met Mr Black in London, he shook_hands_with me warmly.‎ ‎10．In general I feel like I get_accustomed_to Chinese way of life and like here very much.‎ ‎11．This will be the place where you will meet_with the Maoris and join with them in dance.‎ ‎12．You are_supposed_to stop smoking, for you are suffering from lung problems.‎ ‎(三)仿写明句式——以用为本 教材原句 句式解读 句式仿写 ‎1.Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it.‎ 许多外国人很难习惯这一点。‎ have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”。‎ 起初我上课听讲有些困难。‎ At first I had_a_little_trouble_in_following the lectures.‎ ‎2.One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.‎ 英语里有如此多的法语词汇的一个原因是法国人曾统治英格兰相当长一段时间。‎ one reason why ... is that ...意为“……的一个原因是……”，其中why 引导定语从句，that 引导表语从句。 ‎ 他考试不及格的原因是没有好好学习。‎ The_reason_why he failed the exam is_that he didn't work hard.‎ ‎3.They dislike it when people do not look at the cards, so remember not to just put them in your pocket without looking.‎ 他们不喜欢人们不看名片，所以要记住，不要看都不看就把名片塞进口袋。‎ dislike it＋宾语从句： 动词dislike之后不能直接跟名词性从句作宾语，需用it作形式宾语。‎ ‎(2016·江苏高考满分作文)很多人不喜欢别人催促他们给那些他们甚至不在意的比赛进行网上投票。‎ Many people dislike_it_when they are urged to cast online votes for competitions that they even don't care.‎ ‎二、课堂重点深化 ‎1．ensure vt.& n．保证，担保，确保 ‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ 句型转换 The teachers spared no effort to ensure an equal chance to all students.‎ ‎①The teachers spared no effort to ensure that all students had an equal chance.‎ ‎②The teachers spared no effort to make sure that all students had an equal chance. ‎ 完成句子 ‎③We must ensure_our_children_against contamination by bad ideas.‎ 我们必须保护我们的孩子免受坏思想的侵蚀。‎ ‎④To_ensure_food_safety,_the government has promised to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production.‎ 为了确保食品安全，政府已经承诺减少生产食品时所用化学物质的数量。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ensure sth.　　　　　　　　 保证某事 ensure sb. sth. 保证/确保某人(得到)某物 ensure sb. from/against ... 保护某人免受……的伤害 ensure that ...＝make sure that ...　 确保/保证……‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错对对碰(sure/ensure)‎ ‎⑤A good sleep will ensure you quicker recovery.‎ ‎⑥I'm sure you can get with it if you try.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎ ‎⑦(2015·陕西高考书面表达)我保证我绝对不会辜负你的期望。‎ I_ensure_that_I_can_perfectly_live_up_to_your_expectations.‎ ‎2．congratulate vt.向(某人)道贺，祝贺 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空/单句改错 ‎①I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your doing so well in the exam.‎ ‎②She congratulated him on the birth of his son.‎ ‎③You can congratulate you on having done an excellent job.第二个you→yourself 一句多译 我一定得祝贺你荣任经理之职。‎ ‎④I must congratulate_you_on your appointment as a manager. (congratulate)‎ ‎⑤I must offer/send_my_congratulations_to_you_on your appointment as a manager.(congratulation)‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth. 祝贺某人(做了)某事 congratulate oneself (on sth.) (因成就或成功)为自己感到骄傲或自豪 ‎(2)congratulation n. 祝贺；(复数)贺词 ‎(send/offer) congratulations to sb. on sth. 祝贺某人某事 Congratulations! 恭喜！‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错对对碰(celebrate/congratulate)‎ ‎⑥Let me congratulate you on your winning the first place in the 100 metre dash.‎ ‎⑦We went to the church to celebrate Christmas Eve.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑧(2011·大纲全国卷Ⅱ书面表达)祝贺Global Mirror五周年。‎ Congratulations_on_the_5th_anniversary_of_Global_Mirror!‎ ‎[名师指津]‎ congratulate ‎“祝贺；道贺”，只能用人作宾语，若要表明所祝贺的事情，后面要用on/upon连接，构成congratulate sb. on/upon (doing) sth.‎ celebrate 举行仪式、典礼的“庆祝”，只能用事(节日、胜利、成功等)作宾语 ‎3.permit vt.& vi.允许，准许n.许可证 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Employees are permitted to_use (use) the golf course during their free hours.‎ ‎②You should know that no photos are to be taken of the exhibits without permission (permit)．‎ ‎③The rules of the school do not permit parking (park) near the school gate.‎ 句型转换 ‎④If weather permits, we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.‎ ‎→Weather permitting,_we will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)permit (doing) sth.　　　　 允许(做)某事 permit sb. (to do) sth. 允许某人(做)某事 time/weather permitting＝if time/weather permits ‎ 时间/天气允许的话 ‎(2)a driver's/driving permit 驾驶执照 ‎(3)permission n. 允许；许可 without permission 未经许可 ask for permission 请求允许 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错对对碰(permit/permission)‎ ‎⑤These photos can be downloaded and used freely by anyone without parents' permission or even without parents knowing the case.‎ ‎⑥I need to apply for a parking permit for my new car.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2017·浙江高考书面表达)如果天气允许的话，我们将在树林里野餐。‎ We'll_have_a_picnic_in_the_woods,_weather_permitting/if_weather_permits.‎ ‎[名师指津]　(1)permit 充当名词时为可数名词，意为“许可证”；permission 为不可数名词，意为“许可”。‎ ‎(2)动词permit 的常见用法为permit doing sth./sb. to do sth.，其他用法类似的动词还有：allow, forbid, advise, encourage等。‎ ‎4．prohibit vt.(尤指以法令)禁止，不准；阻止 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①Traffic regulations prohibit people from riding bicycles on the sidewalk.‎ ‎②We prohibit smoking (smoke) in the office during working hours.‎ ‎③There is a prohibition on/against tobacco advertising in newspapers and magazines.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)prohibit (doing) sth.　　　　 禁止(做)某事 prohibit sb.'s doing sth./prohibit sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎ 禁止某人做某事 ‎(2)prohibition n. 禁止，阻止；禁令 a prohibition on/against ……的禁令 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎④The law prohibits shoppers to selling cigarettes to children.第一个to→from 佳句时时写 ‎⑤(2009·广东高考书面表达)我认为有必要禁止游客与动物拍照，从而为它们提供一个舒适的生活环境。‎ I_think_it_necessary_to_prohibit_tourists'_taking_pictures_with_animals,_making_a_comfortable_environment_for_them_to_live.‎ ‎[名师指津]　“禁止/阻止某人做某事”的表达还有：‎ ‎①discourage sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎②ban sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎③prevent sb. (from) doing sth.‎ ‎④keep sb. from doing sth.‎ ‎⑤forbid sb. from doing sth. ‎ ‎⑥stop sb.(from) doing sth.‎ ‎5．adjust vi.& vt.适应，习惯；调整，调节 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中adjust的含义 ‎①First adjust the height of the bicycle saddle properly.调节，调整 ‎②I think that you will quickly adjust to them although the weather and the food are different from yours.适应 用adjust的适当形式填空 ‎③All the new chairs are adjustable,_which can be_adjusted to the height of each individual student. In addition, the adjustment is very easy to operate. It only takes you a short while to_adjust to using it. ‎ 单句改错/完成句子 ‎④My parents had trouble adjusting to live in an apartment.live→living ‎⑤He will have to make_major_adjustments_to_his_thinking if he is to survive in office.‎ 要想保住工作，他就必须在观念上作出重大的调整。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)adjust to (doing) sth.　　　 适应(做)某事 adjust oneself to 使自己适应于……‎ adjust sth. to 调整某物以适应……‎ ‎(2)adjustment n. 调整；调节；适应 make an adjustment/adjustments to 对……作出调整 ‎(3)adjustable adj. 可调整的，可调节的 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑥The desks and seats can be adjusting to the height of any child.adjusting→adjusted 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2018·北京高考书面表达)这样，你可以使自己很快适应北京的生活。‎ That_way,_you_may_adjust_yourself_to_the_life_here_in_Beijing_soon.‎ ‎6．accustomed adj.习惯于；惯常的 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 单句语法填空 ‎①As we all know, English people are accustomed to driving (drive) on the left.‎ ‎②To breathe in more fresh air, you must accustom yourself (you) to getting up early.‎ ‎③Accustomed(accustom)to living in the countryside, I found it hard to live in the city. ‎ 句型转换 We had to get used to the new working conditions.‎ ‎④We had to accustom ourselves to the new working conditions.‎ ‎⑤We had to get/become accustomed to the new working conditions.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)be accustomed to (doing) sth. ‎ ‎＝be used to (doing) sth.　　　 习惯(做)某事(表状态)‎ get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. ‎ ‎＝get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯(做)某事(表动作)‎ ‎(2)accustom vt. 使……习惯于 accustom oneself to (doing) sth. 使自己习惯于(做)某事 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑥Many people are accustomed to record their daily life on social media just like keeping a diary.record→recording 佳句时时写 ‎⑦(2014·天津高考书面表达)你将度过一段美好的时光，并且不久就会习惯这里的生活。‎ You_will_have_a_good_time_and_get_accustomed_to_the_life_here_soon.‎ ‎[名师指津]　短语be/become/get accustomed to中的to是介词，其后需要跟名词、代词或动词ing形式。‎ ‎7．familiar adj.通晓；熟悉 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 句型转换 ‎①They are not familiar with charity work, which is still at an early stage in China.‎ ‎→Charity work, which is still at an early stage in China, is not familiar to them.‎ ‎②The city is quite familiar to him because he is a native of it.‎ ‎→He is quite familiar with the city because he is a native of it.‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ be familiar with ...　　　　　 精通……，熟悉……‎ be familiar to sb. 为某人所熟悉 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎③To reduce the risk of being attacked, netizens should never go to a website they are not familiar to.第三个to→with 佳句时时写 ‎④(2015·天津高考书面表达)我相信这些捐赠的图书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。 ‎ I_believe_these_donated_books_will_not_only_make_you_more_familiar_with_China_but_help_enhance_your_Chinese.‎ ‎[名师指津]　be familiar to的主语可以是人，也可以是物，宾语通常是人；be familiar with的主语只能是人，宾语是所熟悉的内容或物。‎ ‎8．account n．描述，叙述；报告；账户 v．说明；解释；认为 ‎　[自主体验]‎ 写出下列句中account的词性和含义 ‎①An old soldier gave us a vivid account of the Long March.n.叙述 ‎ ‎②Some banks make it difficult to open an account, which is especially for the old.n.账户 ‎③His account of the incident approximates to that of the other witness.n.报告 ‎④We all account him a qualified teacher, and he is also respected by his students.v.认为 ‎ ‎⑤Can you account for your movements on that night？v.解释 单句语法填空 ‎⑥The products in total, account for about 80% of all our sales.‎ ‎⑦He is in a state of deep depression on account of his failure in the exam.‎ 完成句子 ‎⑧He had to leave his beloved basketball team on_account_of_his_injured_legs.‎ 由于腿伤他不得不离开自己深爱的篮球队。‎ ‎⑨On no account can_we_ignore the value of knowledge, as well as practical experience.‎ 我们绝对不能忽略知识的价值，以及实际的经验。‎ ‎　[系统归纳]‎ ‎(1)on account of　　 由于；因为 on no account 决不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)‎ take ... into account/consideration＝take account of ‎ 考虑……‎ ‎(2)account for 说明(原因等)；(作出)解释；占……(比例)‎ ‎　[重点强化]‎ 易错处处防 ‎⑩On no account the teacher take no notice of those hardworking students.account后加should/will 佳句时时写 ‎⑪(2014·浙江高考书面表达)我真诚地希望你会考虑我的建议。‎ I_sincerely_hope_that_you_will_take_my_suggestions_into_account/consideration.‎ ‎[名师指津]　on no account意为“决不”，放在句首时常引起句子的部分倒装，有类似用法短语的还包括：by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, under no circumstances, at no time等。‎ ‎1．take up 占据(时间或空间)；开始从事；拿起；接受；继续 ‎　[系统归纳]‎ take in　　 吸收；领会，理解；欺骗 take back 收回(说过的话)；退回(货物)；与……重归于好 take down 写下；拆除 take on 呈现(新面貌)；开始雇用；承担责任 ‎　[重点强化]‎ 用法条条清(选用上述短语填空)‎ ‎①I was taken_in by the salesman — the car turned out to be uneconomical and unreliable.‎ ‎②Are you going to take_up the challenge of lasting a whole week without arguing?‎ ‎③We can't take_on any more work — we're fully stretched at the moment.‎ ‎④Emerson would always take_down new ideas that occurred to him.‎ ‎⑤He would neither apologize nor take_back what he had said.‎ 佳句时时写 ‎⑥(2011·四川高考书面表达)我认为参加课后活动没有占据太多的时间。‎ I_don't_think_taking_part_in_afterclass_activities_has_taken_up_too_much_time.‎ ‎2．have trouble (in) doing sth.‎ ‎　[教材原句]　Many foreigners have trouble getting accustomed to it. ‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①The experts are trying to find out the reason why many teenagers have trouble (in) communicating with their parents.‎ 专家们正在努力地弄清楚为什么很多青少年和父母交流有困难。‎ ‎②Whenever we have_trouble_with_our_studies,_our teachers help us patiently.‎ 每逢我们在学习上遇到困难，老师总是耐心辅导。‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ 用法规则 ‎(1)have trouble (in) doing sth.意为“做某事有困难”，trouble为不可数名词，前面可加修饰词much, little, no等。trouble可换用difficulty(不可数名词)，意思不变。‎ ‎(2)have trouble/difficulty with sth.“做某事有困难”，后为名词时，前用介词with。‎ 注意事项 对于句式have trouble/difficulty (in) doing sth.的考查，常把trouble/difficulty 提前，后跟定语从句，省略介词in，导致have与后面的动名词连在一起，做题时要注意辨别。You can't imagine what great difficulty we have ever had dealing with the problems.‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(增分要点句)(2018·浙江高考写作佳句)I can speak fluent English and I have little trouble communicating with foreigners.‎ ‎②(精彩收尾句)(2017·全国卷Ⅰ满分作文)You can turn to me whenever you have trouble in understanding Tang poems.‎ ‎3．One reason why ... is that ... ‎ ‎　[教材原句]　One reason why there are so many French words in English is that the French ruled England for quite a number of years.‎ ‎　[自主体验]‎ ‎①The reason why he got so angry was that he found his son lying to him.‎ 他如此生气的原因是他发现儿子在对他撒谎。‎ ‎②The reason that/which he explained at the meeting was that he didn't catch the first bus.‎ 他在会议上解释的理由是他没有赶上早班车。‎ ‎③Why don't you believe the reason that my car was held up in the traffic jam?‎ 你为什么不相信我堵车了这个理由呢？‎ ‎　[归纳点拨]‎ 用法规则 ‎(1)reason用作先行词时，首先判断定语从句中缺什么成分，如果reason后的定语从句缺状语，用关系副词why或for which引导。如果reason后的定语从句缺主语或宾语，用关系代词that/which引导。‎ ‎(2)the reason后接同位语从句解释其内容时，引导词用that。‎ 注意事项 (1) That/This/It is why ... “那/这就是……的原因”，why从句表示结果；That/This/It is because ... “那/这是因为……”，because从句表示原因。‎ There was a lot of work to do. That is why I didn't go to the cinema that day.‎ 有很多工作要做。那就是我那天没去看电影的原因。‎ ‎(2)主语为名词reason时，表语从句中的连接词要用that/which，而不用why或because。‎ ‎　[佳句背诵]‎ ‎①(精彩开头句)(2016·全国卷Ⅲ满分作文)The reason why I can't go to the bookstore with you on Friday afternoon is that I have to attend an important meeting that afternoon.‎ ‎②(增分要点句)(2015·浙江高考写作佳句)The main reason why I choose to give it up is that being brought up in a culture emphasizing collectivism, I tend to sacrifice my own interest for the group benefit.‎ Ⅰ.单词拼写 ‎1．He hugged (拥抱) her and handed her a bouquet of beautiful roses.‎ ‎2．Due to the present price level, we cannot help but adjust (调整) our offer.‎ ‎3．He, together with his bride, would like all of you to be present at his wedding (婚礼)．‎ ‎4．It snowed throughout (自始至终) the night.The whole town was covered with snow.‎ ‎5．Retell (复述) what happened on the island one early morning in autumn.‎ ‎6．Unfortunately the new software has failed to meet expectations (期望)．‎ ‎7．I thought it was a great way to study gestures (手势)．‎ ‎8．I know from their greetings (问候) how much they expected of me.‎ ‎9．There are many mysterious (神秘的) stories about the Egyptian pyramids.‎ ‎10．My eyes range over the crowded room, seeking a familiar (熟悉的) face.‎ ‎11．I can not see where they differ from each other: to me they look exactly alike (相似)．‎ ‎12．He ensured (保证) that timely action was taken to resolve the problem.‎ ‎13．Your account (叙述) of what happened does not tie in with what three other witnesses have said.‎ ‎14．The couple gave a dinner party in celebration (庆祝) of their silver wedding.‎ ‎15．If you are not accustomed (习惯) to sleeping with the light on, just turn it off.‎ Ⅱ.单句语法填空 ‎1．Innocent people get into trouble on account of others' misfortune.‎ ‎2．It is not an easy thing to get accustomed to living (live) in a completely strange environment.‎ ‎3．Passengers are permitted to_carry (carry) only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.‎ ‎4．Local zoning laws prohibit building (build) near property lines.‎ ‎5．I want to express my sincere congratulations (congratulate) on your success.‎ ‎6．He was familiar to me but I couldn't think of his name at once.‎ ‎7．His manner was slightly (slight) rude, but you needn't mind.‎ ‎8．We all think she should be praised for her bravery (brave)．‎ ‎9．We've had to make some adjustments (adjust) to our original calculations.‎ ‎10．Proper clothing ensured us against/from suffering from the cold.‎ Ⅲ.单句改错 ‎1．While planning the development strategy, we must take the overall situation in account.in→into ‎2．We will throw a party to congratulate to him on his promotion.去掉第二个to ‎3．He wants to do well in his studies and adjust the new culture.adjust后加to ‎4．I have been accustomed to get up early in the morning since I came to senior high school.get→getting ‎5．It was the bad weather that prohibited them in going to the science museum.in→from ‎6．The name you just mentioned sounds familiar with me.with→to ‎7．Allow me to offer my warm congratulation to you on the success of your performance.congratulation→congratulations ‎8．Nobody is permitted to taking any reference book out of the reading ‎ room.taking→take Ⅳ.完成句子 ‎1．I_dislike_it_when I am disturbed during my work.‎ 我不喜欢在工作时间被人打扰。‎ ‎2．He accustomed_himself_to the new job as soon as possible.‎ 他使自己尽可能快地习惯于新的工作。‎ ‎3．After summing up the last lesson we will take_up the next lesson.‎ 总结了上一课的内容后，我们将开始新一课的内容。‎ ‎4．The_reason_why he didn't attend the meeting was_that he fell ill suddenly.‎ 他没有出席会议的原因是他突然病倒了。‎ ‎5．I didn't see him the whole day today, let_alone_have_a_drink_with_him.‎ 我今天一整天都没见到他，更不用说跟他一起喝酒了。‎ ‎6．What worries us is the fact that some students have trouble in adjusting to campus life.‎ 让我们担心的是，一些学生在适应校园生活时遇到了麻烦。‎ ‎7．He_didn't_take_in_what_he_read because his mind was on something else.‎ 他没有领会他阅读的东西，因为他的思想在其他事情上。‎ ‎8．It_is_important_for_you_to_be_familiar_with_foreign_customs when you are travelling overseas.‎ 当你在国外旅游时，熟悉国外风俗习惯是很重要的。‎ 本单元语篇话题与新课程主题语境“人与社会”中的“文化差异”子话题相对应 一、话题语素积累多一点 子话题——文化差异 (一) 浅易词汇温一温 (二) ‎①share　　 ②traditional　 ③custom　　　④bow ‎⑤behavior ⑥culture ⑦educate ⑧great ‎⑨valuable ⑩behave ⑪social ⑫polite ‎⑬impolite ⑭understand ⑮respond ⑯vivid ‎⑰offer ⑱successful ⑲mainly ⑳objection foreigner misunderstand ‎(二)生疏词汇记一记 ‎①conversation n．谈话　　　　 ②represent v．代表 ‎③preference n．偏爱 ④touch v．触摸 ‎⑤heritage n．遗产 ⑥symbol n．象征 ‎⑦gesture n．仪态 ⑧occasion n．场合 ‎⑨celebration n．庆祝；庆祝会 ⑩feast n．盛宴，宴会 ‎⑪status n．地位，身份 ⑫emphasize v．强调 ‎⑬uncomfortable adj.不舒服的 ⑭appearance n．仪表 ‎⑮punctual adj.准时的 ⑯reflect v．反映 ‎⑰unique adj.独特的 ⑱extraordinary adj.非凡的 ‎⑲casual adj.随意的 ⑳attractive adj.有吸引力的 decorate vt.装饰，修饰 title n．头衔 relatively adv.相对地 expose v．暴露 rude adj.粗鲁的 similar adj.相似的 decision n．决定 unnecessary adj.没必要的 abstract adj.抽象的；深奥的 awkward adj.令人尴尬的，难应付的 ‎(三)常用词块忆一忆 ‎①have a good command of　　　 精通 ‎②be proud of 以……为荣 ‎③contribute to 有助于 ‎④take interest in 对……感兴趣 ‎⑤follow a custom 遵循习俗 ‎⑥in addition to 除……外 ‎⑦a facial expression 面部表情 ‎⑧behave well/badly 举止良好/不好 ‎⑨remove prejudice and misunderstanding 消除偏见和误解 ‎⑩cultural exchange 文化交流 ‎⑪cultural background 文化背景 ‎⑫crosscultural communication 跨文化交流 ‎⑬multicultural society 多元文化社会 ‎⑭cultural diversity 文化差异 ‎⑮a different perspective 不同的视角 ‎⑯compare with 和……比较 ‎⑰adapt to 适应 ‎⑱come across 遇到 ‎⑲go abroad 出国 ‎⑳foreign languages 外语 ‎(四)写作佳句背一背 ‎①Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all our familiar signs and symbols or social contact.‎ ‎②Many traditional values are of permanent significance and should be observed in the modern and post modern eras.‎ ‎③A lack of awareness of cultural diversity or local customs can create problems, causing trouble.‎ 二、话题书面表达亮一点 ‎　　 某英语报社正在举行征文比赛，题目是“谈谈对现代中学生庆祝外来节日的看法”。假设你经过调查总结出以下两方面观点，请根据表格写一篇文章，并表达自己的观点。‎ 赞成 ‎1.促进对西方文化的了解；‎ ‎2．西方节日趣味性强。‎ 反对 ‎1.学生盲目追求时尚；‎ ‎2．不了解西方节日的历史；‎ ‎3．对中国传统节日兴趣减弱。‎ 注意：1.词数100左右；‎ ‎2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。‎ ‎　‎ ‎[写作4步走]‎ 第一步：句写对——给词写句 celebrate, Western festivals, way, interesting, dislike, popular, history, traditional festivals, unfashionable, properly　　‎ ‎1．人们喜欢庆祝西方节日。‎ People_like_celebrating_Western_festivals.‎ ‎2．他们认为庆祝西方节日是一种比较好的方式。‎ They_think_celebrating_Western_festivals_is_a_good_way.‎ ‎3．西方节日是有趣的。‎ Western_festivals_are_interesting.‎ ‎4．其他人不喜欢庆祝西方节日。‎ Other_people_dislike_celebrating_Western_festivals.‎ ‎5．一些学生庆祝西方节日是因为这些节日很流行。‎ Some_students_celebrate_Western_festivals_because_they_are_popular.‎ ‎6．他们对西方节日的历史一无所知。‎ They_know_nothing_about_the_history_of_Western_festivals.‎ ‎7．很多学生对我们自己的传统节日不那么感兴趣。‎ ‎_Many_students_have_less_interest_in_our_own_traditional_festivals.‎ ‎8．他们认为传统的中国节日不够时尚。‎ They_think_traditional_Chinese_festivals_are_unfashionable.‎ ‎9．我们应该用正确的方式庆祝中外节日。‎ We_should_celebrate_both_Chinese_and_Western_festivals_properly.‎ 第二步：量写够——语句扩充 ‎10．在句1中加入定语“越来越多的”修饰“人们”并对festivals进行举例说明。‎ More_and_more_people_like_celebrating_Western_festivals,_such_as_Christmas_and_April_Fool's_Day.‎ ‎11．在句2中加入动词不定式短语“更好地理解西方文化”在句中作定语。‎ They_think_celebrating_Western_festivals_is_a_good_way_to_understand_more_about_Western_culture.‎ ‎12．在句3中加入修饰语“许多”“非常”。‎ Many_Western_festivals_are_very_interesting.‎ ‎13．在句4中加入状语“因为以下原因”。‎ Other_people_dislike_celebrating_Western_festivals_for_the_following_reasons.‎ ‎14．在句5中加入主句“他们认为”构成主从复合句以及状语“仅仅，只是”。‎ They_think_some_students_celebrate_Western_festivals_just_because_they_are_popular.‎ 第三步：语写美——词句升格 ‎15．用短语out_of_date升格句8中的unfashionable，同时用because合并句7和句8。‎ Many_students_have_less_interest_in_our_own_traditional_festivals_because_they_think_traditional_Chinese_festivals_are_out_of_date.‎ ‎16．用短语in_a_proper_way升格句9中的properly。‎ We_should_celebrate_both_Chinese_and_Western_festivals_in_a_proper_way.‎ 第四步：篇连顺——衔接成文 用nowadays， at the same time， however， first of all， in fact， what's more， in my opinion等词汇连句成文 Nowadays,_more_and_more_people_like_celebrating_Western_festivals,_such_as_Christmas_and_April_Fool's_Day.They_think_celebrating_Western_festivals_is_a_good_way_to_understand_more_about_Western_culture.At_the_same_time,_many_Western_festivals_are_very_interesting.‎ However,_other_people_dislike_celebrating_Western_festivals_for_the_following_reasons.First_of_all,_they_think_some_students_celebrate_Western_festivals_just_because_they_are_popular.In_fact,_they_know_nothing_about_the_history_of_Western_festivals.What's_more,_many_students_have_less_interest_in_our_own_traditional_festivals_because_they_think_traditional_Chinese_festivals_are_out_of_date.‎ In_my_opinion,_we_should_celebrate_both_Chinese_and_Western_festivals_in_a_proper_way.‎ Ⅰ.根据提示填空 Different cultures ❶emphasize (强调) the importance of relationship building to a ❷greater (great) or lesser degree.For example, business in some countries is not possible until there is a relationship of trust.‎ Talk and silence may also be different in some cultures.I once made a speech in ‎ Thailand.I had expected my speech to be a ❸success (succeed) and start a lively discussion; instead there was an ❹uncomfortable (不舒服的) silence.The people present just stared at me and smiled.After getting to know their ways better, I realized that they thought I was talking too much.In my own culture，we express meaning ❺mainly (main) through words, but people there sometimes feel too many words are ❻unnecessary (没必要的)．‎ Even within Northern Europe, ❼cultural_differences (文化差异) can cause serious problems.Certainly, English and German cultures share ❽similar (相似的) values; however，Germans prefer to get down to business more quickly.We think that they are ❾rude (粗鲁的)．In fact, this is just because one culture starts discussions and makes decisions (decide) more quickly.‎ Ⅱ.片段选词填空 go abroad， objection， a different perspective， relatively， be compared with， understanding， adapt， come across， in addition to， foreign language， skill， expose ‎ The other day I announced that I would ❶go_abroad for further study right after my college education.My decision evoked (引起，唤起) the immediate ❷objection of my family: Why? Why should I borrow a huge sum of money for overseas study while I might receive the same education at home at a ❸relatively low cost? My answer is: ❹in_addition_to knowledge, I can gain experience that those who stay at home will never have.‎ First, experience is the opportunity for the reallife use of ❺foreign_languages.While a person can study a foreign language at home, the effect can never ❻be_compared_with constant use of the language in everyday life.There is no better opportunity to improve secondlanguage ❼skills than living in the country in which it is spoken.‎ Second, living and studying abroad offers me ❽a_different_perspective of the world.On a university campus, foreign students are likely to ❾come_across their counterparts from different countries and areas and are exposed to different ideas and values.This helps me to have a better understanding of different societies and inevitably (必然地) see my own country in a new light (以新的眼光)．‎ Third, overseas experience, disappointing and painful as it may be, is helpful.A person going abroad for study often experiences much more difficulty — difficulty in adapting to a new culture and in dealing with all problems alone.‎ 一、复现单元考点——增强备考信心 Ⅰ.高考中的语法填空 ‎1．(2017·江苏高考)The publication of Great Expectations (expect), which was both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens' status as a leading novelist.‎ ‎2．(2016·全国卷Ⅰ)But my connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted (permit) to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.‎ ‎3．(2016·浙江高考)Had the governments (govern) and scientists not worked together, AIDSrelated deaths would not have fallen since their highest in 2005.‎ ‎4．(2015·江苏高考)Some schools will have to make adjustments (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.‎ ‎5．(2015·福建高考)It is said that body language accounts for 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent.‎ ‎6．(2015·陕西高考)Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.‎ Ⅱ.高考中的完形填空 prohibit, adjust, accustom, familiar, plain, greet　　‎ ‎1．(2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Those brown eyes were very __53__. “What's his name？” I asked the instructor. “Ben，” he replied, and immediately I knew.That stranger was my son！____________‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)The following term, I registered for an ASL class.The professor was deaf and any talking was __57__.I soon realized that the silence was not unpleasant.____________‎ ‎3．(2015·重庆高考)For example, the moment you get on the airplane, start __32__ your biological clock to the destination's time.If it's daytime in your destination, try to stay awake.____________‎ ‎4．(2015·浙江高考)However, instead of devoting themselves to their work, they find themselves working to support the lifestyle to which they have so quickly become __31__.____________‎ ‎5．(2013·辽宁高考)She was very disappointed when she found that all the windows were __51__ and rather dirty.____________‎ ‎6．(2013·浙江高考)The moment I arrived in Paris, I was __26__ by a nice French couple who would become my host parents.____________‎ 答案：1.familiar　2.prohibited　3.adjusting　4.accustomed ‎5．plain　6.greeted 二、复现话题词汇——提高阅读准度 新高考下的命题新视角：由于地域和历史的不同，西方人的文化背景和东方人有着很大的差异。中西方文化差异表现在方方面面，从日常生活的打招呼用语﹑饮食文化等到思维方式等抽象方面，差异无处不在。“文化差异”影响着人们的思维方式和表达方式，正确理解各地域间的文化差异有助于做题时准确把握文章的深层含义，从而作出正确的选择。‎ ‎[话题感悟]‎ 学习目标 ——语篇复现词汇，活学活用记忆更深 ‎(加彩词汇为本单元话题词汇，读文时请揣摩其用法)‎ ‎(2017·浙江高考)FLORENCE, Italy — Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postcard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.‎ Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant (移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.‎ Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合). Others say it's only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.‎ Other European countries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.‎ Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in immigration in recent years. In 1990, immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italy's then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants' children accounting for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.‎ Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence (居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requirement would encourage integration.‎ Italians always “see me as a foreigner, an outsider”， even though she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.‎ 语篇解读：‎ 本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了意大利刚出台的对日益增长的移民所采取的语言测试项目及人们对该项目的不同看法。‎ ‎28．Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?‎ A．To continue to stay in Italy.‎ B．To teach her children Italian.‎ C．To find a better job in Italy.‎ D．To better mix with the Italians.‎ 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“but in order to stay she's had to prove her language skills”可知，Cojochru为了能够继续在意大利待下去，将不得不参加语言测试，所以选A项。‎ ‎29．Some people worry that the new language requirement may ________.‎ A．reduce Italy's population quickly B．cause conflicts among people C．lead to financial difficulties D．put pressure on schools 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据文章第三段的“Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make ...for intolerance than integration (融合)．”可知，许多移民支持者认为这种语言要求将会带来更多的不宽容，而不是更多的融合，从而也可能导致更多的冲突，所以选B项。‎ ‎30．What do we know about Cojochru?‎ A．She lives with her sister now in Italy.‎ B．She enjoys learning the Italian language.‎ C．She speaks Italian well enough for her job.‎ D．She wishes to go back to her home country.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“she's stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said”可知， Cojochru已经在意大利久居多年，能流利地讲当地的语言，这足以能使她应对她在当地的工作，故选C项。‎ 学习目标 ——题后把脉规律，练后得法理解更透 推理判断技法(4)——抓住特定关键信息进行推理 有些推理判断题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用正向推理或逆向思维从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。‎ 如第29小题对应文章第三段第一句“Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration (融合)”，其中的more ...than意为“与其说……‎ 倒不如说”，此处表示“与其说是融合，倒不如说是更不宽容”。准确理解本句句意是解题的关键。‎ Ⅰ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·武汉调研)When I graduated from the University of Iowa last year, I did something my friends did not understand. I left Iowa, where I had friends and stability, to live on a small houseboat near San Francisco. At school, I had found a job driving a school bus so people asked, “Why on earth are you leaving？”‎ Well, at graduation I was presented with two things — a degree in psychology and a question. It was the same one that many in my generation got：“What do I do now？” It was as difficult as it was common. That's because many people at my age were raised with the same words, repeated over and over by parents, teachers and TV, that “you can be whatever you want to be”. As a young boy, every time when I was puzzled about my future, they would say that they would be happy if I was happy. However, what I needed was concrete advice but not a vague idea, for example, “be a doctor, or be a bus driver”．‎ My experience was by no means universal. Many Americans are taught by their parents that the only purpose in life is to attain money and power. As a goal, this seems much easier and clearer than finding “happiness” or “gentleness”. The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill, rather assuming that something would magically happen to overcome their problems. They often get a real shock when they enter the “real world” and find that their options are very limited. Many of my friends have taken jobs as waiters or cooks after graduating, or have moved back in with their parents.‎ My life on the boat is hard at times, especially during storms. But this is my small attempt to be happy on my own. I'm not buying into my nation's idea of limitless possibilities because I feel that stops the growth of many of today's youth.‎ 语篇解读：本文是文化教育类夹叙夹议文。作者用自身的经历指出当今美国的一个社会问题：青少年需要父母更为具体的引导和教育，让他们知道自己将来具体想要做什么，而不是简单地告诉他们“成为你想成为的人”。‎ ‎1．Why were the friends confused about the writer's leaving?‎ A．He was tired of driving.‎ B．He suddenly quit school.‎ C．He would lose his friends.‎ D．He would lead a changing life.‎ 解析：选D　推理判断题。根据文章第一段第一、二句可知，作者离开了艾奥瓦州，那里有他的朋友，有稳定的工作，但他去了旧金山附近的一个船屋，开始自己一种新的生活，他的朋友们对他的这种做法很不理解，故答案选D。‎ ‎2．What does the writer think of the guidance he got from American society?‎ A．It's specific.　　　　　 B．It's wrong.‎ C．It's general. D．It's correct.‎ 解析：选C　推理判断题。根据第二段内容，尤其是其中的“what I need was concrete advice but not a vague idea”可知，作者想要的是具体的建议，故可推知他认为他得到的指导是宽泛的，故答案选C。‎ ‎3．What directly caused a lot of Americans to have jobs lower than their expectations?‎ A．Their achievable goals.‎ B．The practical guidance.‎ C．Being shocked by the real world.‎ D．Lacking professional competence.‎ 解析：选D　细节理解题。文章第三段最后一句提到我的很多朋友在毕业后都当了服务生或厨师，或者搬回去跟父母住在一起，上文分析了导致这种情况的原因“The result of this upbringing is that many of my classmates did not specialize in any particular skill”，也就是说，父母的这种教育方式导致很多孩子没有去认真学习专业技能。故答案选D。‎ ‎4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text?‎ A．Stay where you are B．Be whatever you want to be C．Blind faith in industrial society D．Mistaken belief in limitless possibilities 解析：选D　标题归纳题。文章主要阐述了作者指出当前美国的一个社会问题：父母没有给孩子提出具体的、明确的建议，教育其孩子把钱和权力当成了生活的唯一目标，这导致很多孩子没有去认真学习专业技能，在走上社会之后受到了影响，只能去做一些很低层次的工作。根据最后一段中的“I'm not buying ... today's youth”可知，作者批评了这种教育方式，并且不再相信美国社会的“无限可能”的信念。所以答案选D。‎ B ‎(2019·西安质检)Culture shock occurs when people have been suddenly thrown into a new culture. Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language. Neither do they know the customs nor understand the people's behavior in daily life.‎ Quite often the visitor finds that “yes” may not always means “yes”， that friendliness does not necessarily mean friendship, or that statements that appear to be serious are really ‎ intended as jokes. The foreigners may be unsure as to when to shake hands, when to start conversations, or how to approach a stranger. The idea of culture shock helps explain the feelings of puzzlement and confusion.‎ Language problems do not account for all the setback that people feel. When one has lost everything that was once familiar, such as understanding a transportation system, knowing how to register for university classes, or knowing how to make friends, difficulties in coping with the new society may arise.‎ When an individual enters a strange culture, he or she feels like a fish out of water. Newcomers feel at times that they do not belong to the culture and feel deserted by the native members of the culture. When this happens, visitors may want to reject everything about the new environment and may glorify and sing their own praises of the positive aspects of their own culture. On the other side, more visitors may sneeze at their native country by rejecting its value and instead choosing to approve of the value of the new country. This may occur as an attempt to accept the new culture in order to be taken in by the people in it.‎ 语篇解读：本文是一篇议论文，主要论述了文化冲击现象发生的原因、现象、结果等。‎ ‎5．What do people feel when they are abruptly in a new culture?‎ A．Excited. B．Delighted.‎ C．Upset. D．Hopeless.‎ 解析：选C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的后两句可知，由于语言不通、不了解当地的风俗、不理解当地人日常生活中的行为习惯，新来者会感到焦虑、担心。C项意为“心烦意乱的”，符合语境，故C项正确。‎ ‎6．We can infer from the second paragraph that ________.‎ A．it's impossible to get used to a new culture B．people feel confused due to culture shock C．foreigners often don't mean what native people say ‎ D．most foreigners are usually quite humorous 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据第二段最后两句可以判断，由于文化冲击，人们常常会感到困惑，故B项正确。‎ ‎7．The biggest barrier people often meet with in a new country is ________.‎ A．the language B．the transportation C．the environment D．the puzzlement 解析：选A　细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Newcomers may be anxious because they don't speak the language”并结合常识可知，在别的国家，人们遇到的最大问题就是语言不通。故A项正确。‎ ‎8．A few immigrants say no to everything of the new country because ________.‎ A．they miss their native culture seriously B．they know nothing about the culture C．they can't enter the mainstream society D．they really regret having immigrated 解析：选B　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的第二、三句可以判断，由于对新文化一无所知，新来的一些移民常常会拒绝新的国家中的一切，故B项正确。‎ Ⅱ.完形填空 ‎(2019·成都调研)Justin knew there was only one way out of his neighborhood — basketball. So he __1__ hard, running with the ball like the __2__ dogs were chasing (追逐) him. He could defeat any of the guys at the __3__， and he saw his way out and he ran for it.‎ One day when Justin was playing basketball, he __4__ his right knee badly. The doctor said he might never play __5__.Justin was extremely sad. Every day Justin just __6__ in bed, watching TV and eating potato chips. When he __7__ like a balloon, his sister came home from the university on holiday, bringing exciting __8__ of a faraway land called college.‎ Justin was __9__ by the dorm stories and campus (校园) __10__ that she told, but he could __11__ believe any of them. It was as if she were telling him about some __12__ land high above the clouds.‎ Justin was a pretty __13__ guy, but his sister had a way of __14__ him to do things that nobody else could. So while she was home during the __15__， they studied together, and they talked, and they worked, and Justin felt __16__ than he ever had before.‎ After spending those __17__ with his sister, Justin realized that he didn't want to feel bad for himself any more, and he didn't want to quit. Basketball __18__ be his thing, but now there was only __19__. Using the study skills Justin had acquired from his sister, he scored __20__ in every exam. The university that he applied to accepted him.‎ 语篇解读：本文是人物故事类记叙文。Justin曾因受伤不能打篮球而失去希望，但他在姐姐的鼓励和带动下，通过努力学习，改变了自己，考上了自己想去的大学。‎ ‎1．A.hit B．studied C．practised D．breathed 解析：选C　Justin认为篮球是他走出去的唯一办法，所以他努力练习打篮球。hit“打击”；practise“练习”；breathe“呼吸”。‎ ‎2．A.pet B．guide C．cute D．wild 解析：选D　他努力练习打篮球，带着球跑，就像是野狗在追赶他一样。wild“野生的”‎ 符合语境。‎ ‎3．A.top B．court C．back D．beginning 解析：选B　在球场上，他能够打败所有的人。top“顶部”；court“球场”；beginning“开始”。‎ ‎4．A.injured B．hugged C．bent D．raised 解析：选A　根据第二段第二句可知，一天，当Justin练习打篮球的时候，他的右腿膝盖严重受伤。injure“使受伤”；hug“拥抱”；bend“压弯”；raise“抬起”。‎ ‎5．A.alone B．again C．around D．well 解析：选B　根据下文内容可知，此处指医生说他可能再也不能打篮球了。alone“独自”；again“再一次”；around“在……周围”。‎ ‎6．A.played B．lay C．jumped D．trained 解析：选B　Justin每天躺在床上，看电视、吃薯片。play“玩”；lie“躺”；jump“跳”；train“训练”。‎ ‎7．A.stayed up B．looked up C．grew up D．blew up 解析：选D　当他胖成气球一样的时候，他上大学的姐姐放假回家了。stay up“熬夜”；look up“向上看，改善”；grow up“长大”；blow up“给(某物)充气”， 此处是其引申含义。‎ ‎8．A.tales B．challenges C．discoveries D．possibilities 解析：选A　姐姐给他带来了遥远的大学里那些令人兴奋的故事，下文中的“dorm stories”是其信息提示。tale“故事”；challenge“挑战”；discovery“发现”；possibility“可能性”。‎ ‎9．A.amazed B．satisfied C．annoyed D．scared 解析：选A　根据下文中的“but he could ________ believe any of them”可知，Justin对于姐姐给他讲的那些大学宿舍里的故事以及校园里疯狂的事情感到很惊讶。amazed“大为惊奇的”；satisfied“满足的”；annoyed“恼怒的”；scared“害怕的，恐惧的”。‎ ‎10．A.stress B．canteens C．craziness D．networks 解析：选C　参见上题解析。stress“压力”；canteen“食堂”；craziness“疯狂”‎ ‎；network“网络”。‎ ‎11．A.firmly B．honestly C．really D．hardly 解析：选D　根据下文中的“It was as if ... high above the clouds”可知，此处指他几乎不相信任何一个故事。firmly“坚定地”；honestly“诚实地”；really“真正地”；hardly“几乎不”。‎ ‎12．A.foreign B．rich C．fantasy D．freedom 解析：选C　好像她在给他讲述云层之上的梦幻大陆的事情。foreign“外国的”；rich“富裕的”；fantasy“幻想，想象”；freedom“自由”。‎ ‎13．A.lazy B．stubborn C．regular D．wise 解析：选B　根据空后的“but his sister ... that nobody else could”可知，Justin是一个很固执的人。lazy“懒惰的”；stubborn“固执的”；regular“定时的，经常的”；wise“明智的”。‎ ‎14．A.getting B．promising C．permitting D．warning 解析：选A　根据下文内容可知，此处应指Justin的姐姐有办法让他做别人让他做不了的事情。get sb. to do sth.“让某人做某事”，符合语境。‎ ‎15．A.duty B．trial C．break D．strike 解析：选C　根据上文中的“his sister came home from the university on holiday”可知，此处指她在回家休息期间。duty“义务，职责”；trial“试验，审判”；break“休息”；strike“罢工”。‎ ‎16．A.weaker B．healthier C．worse D．better 解析：选D　他们一起学习，一起探讨，一起劳动，Justin感到从来没有这么好过。‎ ‎17．A.years B．hours C．decades D．weeks 解析：选D　根据常识并结合选项可知，此处指Justin与姐姐度过了数周(weeks)的假期。‎ ‎18．A.used to B．ought to C．had to D．got to 解析：选A　以前篮球就是他的一切。used to“过去常常”；ought to“应该”；have ‎ to“不得不”；get to“有机会做”。‎ ‎19．A.vacation B．victory C．school D．strength 解析：选C　根据语境可知，此处应指Justin现在心里只有上学了。school“上学”，符合语境。vacation“假期”；victory“胜利”；strength“力量”。‎ ‎20．A.much B．high C．little D．low 解析：选B　根据语境及文章最后一句可知，此处应指Justin在每门考试中都得分很高。‎ Ⅲ.语法填空 For many young people, going to university is one of the most important __1__ (stage) of their lives.It is the time when young people will move out of __2__ (they) home to live with other people, often strangers.__3__ (especial) in the US, people often travel very far __4__ home to study.It is a time to be __5__ (independence)．‎ At university, you will __6__ (teach) by lecturers and professors who are leading figures in their study.The opportunity to learn from and to discuss with them is __7__ drives some people to apply to university.Students are required to choose a major that they wish to study.Apart from the __8__ (academy) benefit, life at university also can allow students __9__ (develop) their interests in many fields.‎ Therefore, university is a place __10__ you attain knowledge, to develop your values and to accept those who may be different.‎ 语篇解读：对于大多数年轻人而言，上大学是一个非常重要的人生阶段。大学是一个获取知识，提高自身，并结识形形色色的人的地方。‎ ‎1．stages　考查名词的数。one of后要加可数名词的复数，故用stages。‎ ‎2．their　考查代词。空格后是名词home，根据句意其前面要用一个形容词性物主代词，故用their。‎ ‎3．Especially　考查副词。分析句子结构和句中的成分可知，此处要用一个副词来修饰整个句子的内容，故填Especially。‎ ‎4．from　考查介词。far from是固定搭配，意为“远离……”。‎ ‎5．independent　考查形容词。根据句意可知，此处要用一个形容词作表语表示状态，故填independent。‎ ‎6．be taught　考查动词语态。主语是you，与teach之间是被动关系，而在空格前是助动词will，故用be taught。‎ ‎7．what　考查名词性从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个表语从句，从句中缺少主语，根据句意可知要填what。‎ ‎8．academic　考查形容词。空格后的benefit是一个名词，其前面要用形容词修饰，故填academic。‎ ‎9．to develop　考查动词不定式。allow sb. to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“允许某人做某事”。‎ ‎10．where　考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，这是一个定语从句，从句中的主干成分完整，由于先行词是表地点的place，故填关系副词where。‎ Ⅳ.短文改错 ‎(2019·广州质检)‎ Dear Mr. Thomas，‎ I learn from the Notice Board that you want a word editor for the English Weekly. Luckily I had a friend, David, who is good for English. I think he is the right person for a post.‎ David does well in write in English and once won first prize in the English writing contest holding in our school. What's much, David is a friendly boy and he's always ready to help other whenever he is needed. And, most important, he gets on well with all his classmates and willing to work for the good of the team.‎ Please offer to him a chance. I'm sure he will give you a surprise.‎ Yours，‎ Sam 答案：第二句：had→have; for→at 第三句：a→the 第四句：write→writing; holding→held 第五句：much→more; other→others 第六句：important→importantly; and后加is 第七句：去掉to