【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点练与析学案（10页word版）

【英语】2018届二轮复习主谓一致考点练与析学案（10页word版）

‎2018届二轮复习 主谓一致考点练与析 ‎(一)就近一致原则 ‎1．由or，not only...but also...，neither...nor...，either...or...，whether...or...，not...but...等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，通常根据就近一致原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Neither his parents nor I am able to persuade him to change his mind.‎ ‎2．here/there引导一个句子而主语又不止一个时，通常根据就近原则，谓语动词要与离它最近的主语在数上保持一致。‎ Here is a ruler，a few pencils and two copybooks.‎ ‎(二)意义一致原则 ‎1．谓语动词必须用单数的情况 ‎(1)表示学科的名词以及works(工厂)，news(消息)等作主语时，虽然本身为复数形式，但表示单数意义时，谓语动词仍用单数。‎ Politics is his favorite subject.‎ ‎(2)表示某些组织机构的名词、书/报名、国名、地名等作主语时，虽然形式上是复数，但所表示的意义是单数，所以谓语动词用单数。‎ Do you know when the United Nations was set up?‎ ‎2．谓语动词必须用复数的情况 表示总称意义的名词，如people，police，public，cattle 等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。‎ The police are searching for the murderer.‎ ‎3．谓语动词的形式依据主语表示的意义而定 ‎(1)集体名词，如family，class，group，team，club，company，government，population等作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据其在语境中表示的意义而定。当其表示集体意义，强调整体概念时，谓语动词用单数；当其表示集体中各个组成部分，强调个体概念时，谓语动词用复数。‎ As far as I know，his family is not very large but the family are all music lovers.‎ ‎(2)“the＋形容词/分词”表示“一类人”时，谓语动词用复数。‎ The poor were looked down upon in the old days.‎ ‎(三)语法一致原则 ‎1．由and连接的两个名词作主语 ‎(1)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋名词单数”表示一个人的双重身份，谓语动词用单数。‎ The teacher and poet often gives lectures around the city.‎ ‎(2)“a/the＋名词单数＋and＋a/the＋名词单数”表示两个人，谓语动词用复数。‎ The teacher and the poet have just arrived.‎ ‎(3)“every＋名词单数＋and＋every＋名词单数”表示每一个人，‎ 谓语动词用单数。‎ Every boy and every girl has the right to receive education in our country.‎ ‎(4)通常由两个部件组成的物品，如：a knife and fork(一副刀叉)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ Bread and butter is not to his taste.‎ ‎2．表示时间、数量、长度及价格的名词，尽管有时是复数形式但常被看作是一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Is fifty pounds enough?‎ ‎3．“分数/百分数＋of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词的形式根据of后的名词的形式来定，如果名词是可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数形式；如果名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。‎ Twothirds of the books are about science.‎ Only 30% of the work was done yesterday.‎ ‎1．(2016·新课标Ⅱ，43) Leaving the less important things until tomorrow ________(be) often acceptable.‎ ‎2．(2016·新课标Ⅲ，69) Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and ________(be) too violent for use at the table.‎ ‎3．(2015·新课标Ⅰ，67) Yangshuo ________ (be) really beautiful. A study of travelers conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations in the world.‎ ‎4．(2015·湖南，27) It is important to remember that success ________(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often ________(take) years to achieve.‎ ‎5．(2014·辽宁，66) Jonny: Be patient！Tai Chi ________(call)“shadow boxing” in English.‎ ‎6．(2014·新课标Ⅰ，61) In 1969，the pollution was terrible...It ________ (be) unimaginable that it could ever be cleaned up.‎ ‎7．(2013·湖南，33) The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ (be) around $8，450 a year，which ________ (be) a burden for some of them.‎ ‎8．(2013·福建，23) The famous musician，as well as his students，________ (invite) to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.‎ ‎9．(2012·陕西，12) The basketball coach，as well as his team，________(interview) shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.‎ ‎10．(2012·湖南，35) All the scientific evidence ________(show) that increasing use of chemicals in farming ________ (be) damaging our health.‎ 答案及解析 ‎1．is句意：把不太重要的事情留到明天是可以接受的。分析句子结构可知，动名词短语Leaving the less important things until tomorrow作主语，故谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎2．were句意：孔子认为刀会给人们杀戮的提醒，用在餐桌上太暴力。主语是knives，讲述的是过去的事情，所以用were。‎ ‎3．is句意：阳朔很漂亮……根据后文的时态可知这里使用一般现在时，又因为Yangshuo是单数名词，所以这里用is。‎ ‎4．is；takes句意：重要的是要记住，成功是每天做出的小努力的积累而且花很多年才能达到。因为主语success是单数，由句首的is可知是一般现在时态，结合起来用is和takes。‎ ‎5．is called句意：忍耐一下！英语中，太极被叫做“shadow boxing”。根据句意可知空白处须填被动语态；而主语Tai Chi为第三人称单数，故填is called。‎ ‎6．was句意：……把这条河清理干净是不可想象的事情。根据本段第一句“In 1969，the pollution was terrible...”可知本段指事情发生在过去，应该用过去式；而主语是It，为第三人称单数，故填was。‎ ‎7．are；is句意：这所大学估计，一个外国留学生的生活费用每年大约8 450美元，这对他们中的一些人来说是个很大的负担。分析句子结构可知，第一空的主语living ‎ expenses是复数形式，所以谓语动词用复数，而后面是which引导的非限制性定语从句，which指代前面提到的钱数，故第二空谓语动词要用单数。‎ ‎8．was invited句意：那个著名的音乐家，还有他的学生，被邀请在2012年的台北花博会开幕式上进行表演。当主语后面跟有as well as，along with，with，like，rather than，together with，but，except，besides，including，in addition to等时，其谓语动词的单复数形式按主语的单复数而定，又结合句意可知，这里应该用被动语态，且句子为过去时态。‎ ‎9．was interviewed句意：比赛后不久，因为表现出色，这位篮球教练以及他的队员接受了采访。主语后有短语as well as时，谓语动词的数不受短语的影响，仍与主语保持一致。根据时间状语after the match...可知，事情发生在过去，所以用过去式。‎ ‎10．shows；is句意：所有的科学证据表明，在农业中不断增加使用的化学药品正在危害着我们的健康。第一空前是不可数名词(all the scientific evidence)作主语，所以谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；第二空所在的that引导的宾语从句中，主语是名词use，所以谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。‎ 主谓一致在短文改错的运用 短文改错和语法填空中，解决主谓一致问题的关键是要找准作主语部分的中心词，从而确定谓语动词的单复数形式。在此应特别注意以下几个问题：‎ ‎1．主语后带有as well as，rather than，together with等词或短语的成分时，谓语动词的形式须由前面的名词的单复数来确定。‎ ‎2．形单意复的集合名词作主语时，须根据所表达的意义确定谓语动词的形式。‎ ‎3．形复意单的名词，如学科名词、数词或时间段等作主语时谓语动词须用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎4．the＋adj.作主语时，若指人谓语动词须用复数形式，若指物则用第三人称单数形式。‎ ‎5．主语前有every，each，many a，more than one修饰名词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式；neither...nor...，not only...but also...，either...or...等连接并列主语时，谓语动词形式按就近原则处理。‎ ‎6．从句、非谓语动词(短语)作主语时，此时一般用第三人称单数形式，但是what引导主语从句时，谓语动词形式需从意义上判断。‎ ‎7．在倒装句中，主语在谓语动词之后，因此其形式须由后面的主语确定。‎ ‎8．and连接两个单数名词作主语时，如果两个名词表示不同的人或物，谓语动词用复数；若表示同一个人或物时，谓语动词用第三人称单数。‎ ‎ (2014·四川) Today，I am going to talk about what you should do when a fire alarm go off.‎ ‎ (2014·湖南，32) All we need ________(be) a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.‎ ‎【解析】go→goes句意：今天，我将讲一讲当听到火警时，你们该怎么办。时间状语从句的主语a fire alarm为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式goes。‎ ‎【解析】is句意：我们需要的是一小片土地，以便在每年的种植季节栽种各种各样的果树。作主语的不定代词all指“我们所需要的东西”，即a small piece of land，谓语动词用单数形式；再由从句时态判断，本空填is。‎ 考点回顾 ‎ “主语＋with/along with/together with/as well as/rather than/but/except＋名词”，谓语动词的形式与主语一致。‎ ‎ A gift together with many flowers was sent to me on Teachers' Day by my students.‎ The father as well as his children goes skating on the frozen river every Sunday morning in winter.‎ ‎ 由either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..，or，nor连接的并列成分作主语，以及there be句式中，谓语动词的形式与最靠近的主语一致。‎ ‎ Either you or I was wrong in this matter.‎ Not only the teacher but also his students have been invited to the meeting.‎ ‎ 被every，each，many a，more than one等修饰的名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ Every boy and(every)girl has adapted to the new teacher.‎ Many a student in this school is from the country.‎ ‎ 两个单数名词由and连接表示同一人或物时，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ The scientist and professor has made great contributions to the research.‎ ‎ class，family，crew，team，group，crowd，government等集体名词作主语时，若侧重整体，谓语动词常用单数；若侧重成员，谓语动词用复数。‎ ‎ The football team is made up of 22 members.‎ The football team are taking their training course on the playground.‎ ‎ 表示由两部分构成的物体的名词，如trousers，pants，jeans，glasses，shorts等作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。但如果这类名词前用了a pair of或two/three/...pairs of来修饰，谓语动词在数上要与pair的数保持一致。‎ ‎ These trousers need cleaning.‎ This pair of glasses is mine.‎ Here are some new pairs of shoes.‎ ‎ 表示时间、距离、重量、体积、价格等的复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ I think $5，000 is a large sum of money for him.‎ Forty kilometers is a long distance for him to get there on foot.‎ ‎ 分数或百分数作主语，谓语动词根据分数或百分数所指代的名词而定。‎ ‎ Two thirds of his income has been spent on books.‎ Seventy percent of the population in that country are still in poverty.‎ ‎ “a number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数；“the number of＋复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用单数。‎ ‎ A number of new products have been successfully produced.‎ The number of people doing fitness training is on the increase.‎ ‎ a large quantity of与large quantities of修饰名词作主语时，谓语动词根据quantity的单复数形式而定。‎ ‎ A large quantity of trees has been planted on either side of the road.‎ Large quantities of trees have been planted on either side of the road.‎ ‎ 从句、不定式或动名词作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。‎ ‎ When the meeting will be held has not been decided yet.‎ Reading in the sun does harm to our eyes.‎ 主语是what引导的从句，谓语动词的形式根据主语从句表示的意义而定。例如：What we want is money./What we want are skilled workers.‎ ‎ 定语从句中，关系代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式与先行词保持一致。‎ ‎ Mr Smith，who is now downstairs，is asking to see you.‎ The Smiths，who are now downstairs，are asking to see you.‎