【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：18　阅读理解——词义猜测题作业

【英语】2019-2020学年二轮复习英语新考势突破检测：18　阅读理解——词义猜测题作业

课时作业18　阅读理解——词义猜测题 ‎(建议用时　30分钟)‎ A ‎(2019年山西省太原市高三上学期期末)‎ Gabriella's family immigrated to the US from Peru when she was two years old.As a compound bilingual (双语使用者), Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time, with a set of concepts, learning both English and Spanish.Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual, working with two sets of concepts, learning English in school, Spanish at home.Finally, Gabriella's parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals who learned a second language by translating it into their mother tongue.‎ Regardless of accent and pronunciation, all types of bilingual people can become fully proficient in a language.It seems that the difference may not be apparent.But recently brain imaging technology has given a glimpse into how specific aspects of language learning affect the bilingual brain.It's well known that the brain's left hemisphere (半球) is in charge of logical processes, while the right hemisphere is more active in emotional and social ones.Language involves both types of functions.“Critical Period Theory” says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in ‎ language learning, while in most adults, language relies on one hemisphere, usually the left.‎ Before the 1960s, bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children's development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.But a recent study did show that bilingualism may make you smarter.It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged, and even if you didn't have the good fortune of learning a second language like a child, it's never too late to do yourself a favor and make the linguistic leap from“Hello” to “Hola” “Bonjour” or “nihao” because when it comes to our brains, a little exercise can go a long way.‎ ‎1．Why is Gabriella's family used as the example in Paragraph 1?‎ A．To show that the family are bilinguals.‎ B．To explain the advantages of bilinguals.‎ C．To illustrate the three types of bilinguals.‎ D．To prove all ages can learn foreign languages.‎ ‎2．Why do the children learn languages more easily than adults?‎ A．Because they learn languages with a set of concepts.‎ B．Because they use both hemispheres to learn languages.‎ C．Because their mother tongue doesn't influence them much.‎ D．Because they can easily translate one language into another.‎ ‎3．Which of the following best explains “handicap” underlined in ‎ Paragraph 3?‎ A．Disease. B．Disability.‎ C．Disadvantage. D．Ignorance.‎ ‎4．What can we infer from the text?‎ A．The left brain is more important for language learning.‎ B．Learning languages can promote the brain development.‎ C．The proficiency of language becomes weak gradually with age.‎ D．Immigrants have advantages in learning languages over natives.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。主要说明了语言学习对大脑的促进作用，其中双语学习会让大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃，从而促进大脑的发展。‎ ‎1．C　推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“Gabriella develops two linguistic codes at the same time”，第三句“Her teenage brother, on the other hand, might be a coordinate bilingual”和最后一句“Gabriella's parents are likely to be subordinate bilinguals”可知，Gabriella同时开发了两种语言编码，她的弟弟可能是个协调的双语者，而她的父母可能是从属的双语者，故第一段主要用Gabriella的一家来说明三种双语者类型。故选C。‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。第二段倒数第一句“‘Critical Period Theory’ says children learn languages more easily because their developing brains let them use both hemispheres in language learning”‎ 可知儿童学习语言更容易是因为他们发育中的大脑让他们可以在语言学习中使用两个脑半球。故选B。‎ ‎3．C　词义猜测题。第三段第一句“bilingualism was considered a handicap that slowed the children's development by forcing them to spend too much energy distinguishing between languages.”(双语被认为是一种障碍，它迫使孩子们花费太多精力来区分不同的语言，从而减缓了他们的发展。)故handicap意为“障碍；缺点”，故选C。‎ ‎4．B　推理判断题。第三段第三句“It does make your brain more complex, healthier, and more actively engaged”可知双语学习会让你的大脑更复杂、更健康、更活跃，从而能够促进大脑的发展。故选B。‎ B ‎(2019年湖南桃江一中高三月考)‎ Believe it or not but it is true.There are people who lose the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage.But they become extremely good at something else.They become experts at spotting liars.The condition in which people lose their power to understand or use words due to brain damage are called aphasia(失语症)．A study conducted in Massachusetts, U．S., has clearly proved that aphasics make good lie detectors(测谎仪)．‎ In the last 100 years, many doctors studying the brain have mentioned examples of this amazing power of patients suffering from aphasia.Recently, scientists conducted tests to see if all that was said ‎ about aphasics was true.They studied the powers of a mixed group of people.Some were normal; others were aphasic.And it was proved clearly that the normal volunteers still got fooled by words.The aphasics were far ahead of them in recognizing false speech.The results of the study were reported in the magazine Nature.‎ Fourteen years ago, famous American doctor, Dr.Oliver Sacks, wrote about his experiences with aphasic patients in a book.He remembered a particular incident in a hospital.Patients from the aphasia room were watching TV.Their president, Ronald Reagan, was giving a speech.He was trying to put feelings into each and every word of his speech.But his speech had an opposite effect on the patients.They were not impressed.On the contrary, the whole room shook with their laughter.The aphasics knew that he did not mean a word of what he was saying.‎ Dr.Sacks saw aphasics as more gifted than normal people.Normal people “get carried away” by words.An aphasic cannot understand words.But he or she can still understand what is being said.He said most of the aphasics had this superior understanding.So, while normal people think of aphasic patients as brain damaged, they actually seem to understand human expressions better.‎ ‎1．We can know from the first paragraph ________．‎ A．how aphasics get their special ability ‎ B．that aphasics can tell if you are lying C．that aphasics are good at telling lies ‎ D．why aphasics are experts at spotting liars ‎2．The phrase “get carried away” in the last paragraph means ________．‎ A．get misunderstood B．get excited ‎ C．get fooled D．get discouraged ‎3．Dr.Oliver Sacks thinks that aphasics ________．‎ A．can be cured totally B．can not understand what is being said C．are specially gifted in a way D．should be treated equally and nicely ‎4．Which would be the best title of the passage?‎ A．A Great Discovery B．A Special Way Of Understanding C．Why Aphasics Can't Talk D．The Great Lie Detectors 答案与解析 文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是失语症的患者虽然不会说话，但是能检测人们是否在撒谎。‎ ‎1．B　细节理解题。根据文章第一段的句子“But they become extremely good at something else.They become experts at spotting ‎ liars.”可知失语症患者能辨别你是否在撒谎。故选B。‎ ‎2．C　词义猜测题。根据文章最后一段的句子“But he or she can still understand what is being said.(失语症患者能理解别人说的话)”，可知“Normal people‘get carried away’by words.的意思是：正常人会被语言欺骗。故选C。‎ ‎3．C　细节理解题。根据文章最后一段的句子“Dr.Sacks saw aphasics as more gifted than normal people.”可知Dr.Oliver Sacks认为失语症的人有特殊的才能。故选C。‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。根据文章内容和第一段的句子“A study conducted in Massachusetts，U.S.，has clearly proved that aphasics make good lie detectors(测谎仪)．”可知文章介绍的是失语症的患者虽然不会说话，但是能检测人们是否在撒谎。故选B。‎ C ‎(2019年安徽省江淮十校高三上学期联考)‎ Humans have uniquely expressive faces.We laugh, we cry, we turn red with feeling.Now, scientists report that blueandyellow macaws(金刚鹦鹉) may join us in this club of emotions—at least，when it comes to blushing.‎ Parrots are known for being clever and chatty.They're even skilled enough to make their own tools and occasionally nose their way into human machines like cars.Their curiosity and courage are what make them excellent pets.So it's no surprise that they have their own range of ‎ communication tools.On the whole, birds are no strangers to blushing.Many different kinds of birds have been known to exhibit this behavior.Parrot owners often notice it in their pets.The motivations behind it are still a mystery to scientists, though.‎ To zero in on why macaw faces blush，some scientists led by Aline Bertin of the University of Tours studied five captive blueandyellow macaws as they interacted with each other and their human caretakers.They were amazed to see that human attention seemed to make the macaws blush.The blushing died down when the caretakers ignored the parrots.‎ Facial expressions can be signs of a human's emotional state.Likewise, bird blushing could convey wellbeing.It's not quite as obvious as smiling.Still, it's fairly impressive.After all, these macaws don't have the same facial muscles that we do.The birds are much smarter and kinder than they look.They are believed to be as intelligent as monkeys.‎ Bertin and the other scientists believe their work opens the door to further research.One limitation of the study is that no macaws in natural environment have been observed.That makes it hard to draw conclusions about the birds as a species.They are also not quite sure what the blushing means.There is still more to learn about these possible expressions of emotion.‎ ‎1．Which of the following best explains“captive” in Paragraph 3?‎ A．Unique. B．Talkative.‎ C．Curious. D．Caged.‎ ‎2．Birds might blush ________．‎ A．when people ignore them B．to show they are happy C．to show they are hungry D．when something upsets them ‎3．What is TRUE about scientists' reaction to macaws blushing?‎ A．They are puzzled by how birds can communicate with one another.‎ B．They are motivated to continue studying how macaws express emotion.‎ C．They are curious about why other birds are unable to convey emotion.‎ D．They are interested to study monkeys to see if they blush as strongly.‎ ‎4．What is the main idea of the text?‎ A．Parrots make excellent pets.‎ B．Parrots are skilled to make tools.‎ C．The macaws can communicate with each other.‎ D．The macaws can go red in the face with feeling.‎ 答案与解析 文章大意：这是一篇说明文。科学家通过研究证明了金刚鹦鹉会因感觉而变得脸红。‎ ‎1．D　词义猜测题。由第三段“as they interacted with each other and their human caretakers.”可知，金刚鹦鹉彼此之间以及与它们的人类看护者都有互动。根据their human caretakers可推知captive的意思是“关在笼子中的”。故D选项正确。‎ ‎2．B　细节理解题。由第四段Likewise, bird blushing could convey wellbeing.所以我们判断出，金刚鹦鹉脸红展示出它们很幸福。故B选项正确。‎ ‎3．B　细节理解题。由最后一段 “There is still more to learn about these possible expressions of emotion.”可知，关于这些可能的情感表达，还有更多的东西需要学习。故B选项正确。‎ ‎4．D　主旨大意题。由整个短文尤其是第一段“scientists report that blueandyellow macaws(金刚鹦鹉) may join us in this club of emotions—at least，when it comes to blushing.”可知，整个短文都在说明金刚鹦鹉因感觉而脸红。故D选项正确。‎