2019届二轮复习语法专题从定语从句的四种分类解说关系词课件（73张）

2019届二轮复习语法专题从定语从句的四种分类解说关系词课件（73张）

2019 届二轮复习 从定语从句的四种分类来解说关系词 一 . 定语从句的基本定义 放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。 被修饰的词叫先行词。 一 . 定语从句的基本定义 The boy who is reading is Tom. 先行词 关系代词 Hospital is a place where a doctor works . 先行词 关系副词 二 . 关系词的分类 关系代词 2. 关系副词 关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语，常用的关系代词有： that, which, as, who, whom, whose 关系副词在定语从句中作状语，常用的关系副词有： when, where, why 二 . 关系词的分类 三 . 关系代词的基本用法和注意点 1. 关系代词的基本用法 三 . 1. 关系代词的基本用法 关系代词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 who 人 主语、宾语 whom 人 宾语 which 物 主语、宾语 that 人或物 主语、宾语、表语 whose 人或物 定语 ① who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 The man ( who) I talked with is our teacher. A person who steals things is called a thief. ② whom 指人 , 在定语从句中作宾语，可省略 。 The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li. who, whom ③ which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 These are the trees which were planted last year . This recorder （ which ） he is using is made in Japan. which He is the man (that) I told you about . ④ that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。 A plane is a machine that can fly . that ⑤ whose 指人或物 , 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。 We live in a house whose windows face south . This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake . whose 2. 关系代词的用法注意点 (1) that 和 which 都可以指物，但以下 5 种情况只能用 that 不能用 which 。 ①当先行词中既有人又有物时。如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about ? 2. 关系代词用法注意点 (1) 只能用 that 不能用 which 的 5 种情况 ②当先行词为不定代词 all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none 等时。如： This is all that I want from the school . ③当先行词被 only, just, very, right, last 等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days . ④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city . ⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten . (2) that 和 who 都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用 who 。 (2) 用 who 不用 that 的情况 ①先行词为 all( 所有人 ), anyone, one, ones 等时。如： All who heard the news were excited. ②先行词为 those, he 和 people 时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. (3) whose 引导的定语从句注意点 ① whose 引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 ② whose 与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news. 他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。 (3)whose 引导的定语从句注意点 ④ whose 的先行词指物时，可用 of which 代替，但语序不同，即 whose+ 名词 = the+ 名词 +of which ，或 = of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which 或 of which the title) is Red and Black(《 红与黑 》) is very interesting. ③ whose 引导的定语从句，其先行词既可指人也可指物。 ⑤ whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend. 背熟这三句 I live in a house, whose window faces south. I live in a house, the window of which faces south. I live in a house, of which the window faces south. (4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词在人称和数上必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday . Tom is the only one of the students who was praised by the teacher yesterday . (4) 从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致 The scientist (whom/ who/ that ) we met yesterday is very famous in the world. (2) The dress is new. She is wearing it. The dress ( which/ that ) she is wearing is new. (1) The scientist is very famous in the world.  We met her yesterday. 巩固练习： 1. 用定语从句合并下列句子 巩固练习 1 ：用定语从句合并句子 (3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him. (4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film. He is the kind person ( whom/ who/ that) I have ever worked with . This is the best film ( that) I have ever seen . 1.The girl __________is standing next to our teacher is her daughter. 2. The girl _________________our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl________ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I can’t find the book ____________is borrowed from the library. 5. I can’t find the book ______________ you lent to me. who/ that (whom/ who/ that) whose which/ that (that/ which) 巩固练习： 2. 用适当的关系词填空 巩固练习 2 ：用适当的关系词填空 1 ． ( 湖北高考 )My mother was so proud of all ________( 我 所做的 )that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do) 答案： (that)I had done 四 . 介词 +which/ whom 引导的定语从句 1. 介词的选用原则： 根据定语从句谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。 This is the book on which I spent 8 dollars. This is the book for which I paid 8 dollars. 四 . “ 介词 +which/whom ” 引导的从句， 1. 介词选用原则 (2) 根据先行词的习惯搭配来决定。 I remember the day on which I joined the Party. I remember the days during which I lived there. 2. 当介词放在关系代词前面时，关系代词只能用 whom( 指人 ) 或 which( 指物 ) ，且关系代词不能省略。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbor. I can’t find the pen with which I was writing . 2. 介词位于关系代词前，关系代词的使用 3. 当介词位于定语从句末尾时，可以用 which/ that ( 指物 ), who/ whom/ that( 指人 ) 作从句中介词的宾语，而且作介词宾语的关系代词可以省略。 (whom/who/that) (which/that) Dad is a person ________________ I can easily talk to . Is this the play ___________ you were talking about just now? 3. 介词位于句末，关系代词的使用 4. 在一些固定搭配的动词短语中，由于动词和介词不可分割，因此不能把介词置于关系代词之前。如： This is the watch (that/ which) I am looking for . The babies (who/ whom/ that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. 4. 含介词的固定搭配动词短语的使用 5. 先行词是 the way ，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用 that/ in which 或省略。 I didn't like the way _____________ she talked to me. The way ______________ he teaches English is interesting. （ that/ in which ） （ that/ in which ） 5. 先行词为 the way ，关系词的使用 五 . 关系副词 when, where 和 why 的用法 五 . 关系副词的基本用法 关系副词 指代的先行词 充当从句的成分 when 表时间的名词 / 名词词组 时间状语 where 表地点的名词 / 名词词组 地点状语 why 表原因的名词 原因状语 用关系副词 when 时，先行词指时间， when 在定语从句中作时间状语， when 可换成“介词 + 关系代词”。如： I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing . My father was born in the year when (= in which) World War Ⅱ broke out . 1. when 1. when 用关系副词 where 时，先行词指地点， where 在定语从句中作地点状语， where 可换成“介词 + 关系代词”。如： This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young . The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city. 2. where 2. where 用关系副词 why 时，先行词指原因， why 在定语从句中作原因状语， why 可换成“介词 + 关系代词”。如： There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished . Tom couldn’t give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school . 3. why 3. why 4. 关系副词的用法注意点 (1) 当先行词为 time ，表示“次数”时，应用关系词 that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the president has visited the country. (2) 当 point, situation, case 等词作先行词表示“情况、境地、场合”等意思时，其后常由 where 引导定语从句， where 在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used? 4. 关系副词的用法注意点 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 1) October 1, 1949 was the day ______ (__ ______) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place ______ (____ ______) I came. 3) Is this the reason ____ (___ _____) he didn ’ t want to see me? when on which where from which why for which 巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空 4) Is this the room ______(__ ______) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _____ (______ ______) we used “ foreign oil ” . 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting ______ (__ ______) we discussed many problems. where in which when during which at which where 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 1. The room ___________________ he once lived is still there. The room ___________________ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother. where/in which (that/which) 对比练习：用适当的关系词填空 2. I will never forget the day _______________ I met you . I will never forget the day ______________ we spent together. when/on which (that/which) The reason _____________ I don’t know is known to him . (that/which) why/for which 3. The reason ________________ I don’t know the thing is that I was not there at that time. IV. 限定性 ( 限定才明白 ) 与 非限定性 （不限定也明白） 1. 区别 ( 引导非限定从句跟主句间往往用逗号分开 ) I met your brother who is a teacher. I met your brother , who is a teacher. 2. which 可指一词或一句。 I went to Hangzhou, which is a beautiful city. Bamboo is hollow, which makes it very light. 3. as 引导非限定从句可再句首， which 不行 As we all know, the earth is round. As is known to us all, the earth is round. 六 . 非限制性定语从句 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义 非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔开。 My watch, which is very old , stopped again. 六 . 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义 2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (1) 限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较： This is the best book that I have read . This is a good book, which is easy to understand . 2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别 (2) 限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词 as 或 which 引导。 (4) 在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。 (3) 限制性定语从句可以用关系代词 that 引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。 (5) 关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如： (6) 在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。 He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married . He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on studying . 3. 关系代词 as, which 引导非限制定语从句时的区别 (1)as 和 which 都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。 as 引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而 which 引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如： 3. as/which 引导非限制性定语从句的区别 The weather turned out to be very good , which was more than we could expect. As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth . (2) as 多用于下列习惯用语中 as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的 4. “ 介词 + 关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构： (1) 名词 + 介词 + 关系代词： They live in a house, the door of which faces south. 4. “ 介词 + 关系代词 ” 引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构 (2) 代词 + 介词 + 关系代词： There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard. (3) 数词 + 介词 + 关系代词： Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels. (4) 形容词比较级 / 最高级 + 介词 + 关系代词： China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan. 1 ． ( 湖北高考 )My mother was so proud of all ________( 我 所做的 )that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do) 答案： (that)I had done 2 ． ( 湖北高考 )The city____________________ ( 我成长的 )is very hot and damp in summer.(grow) 答案： where/in which I grew up 解析： 考查由 where 或 in which 引导的定语从句；设空处用一般过去时态。 1 ． (2010· 北京高考 )Children who are not active or ________ diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly. A ． what B ． whose C ． which D ． that 解析： 此题考查定语从句。先行词为 children ， or 连接两个并列的定语从句，第一个定语从句的引导词为 who ，此处考查第二个引导词，先行词 children 与从句中的主语 diet 为所属关系，故选 B 项。 答案： B 2 ． (2010· 陕西高考 )The old temple ________ roof was damaged in a storm is now under repair. A ． where B ． which C ． its D ． whose 解析： 此题考查定语从句。 whose 在从句中作定语，修饰先行词 roof 。句意：在暴风雨中房顶严重受损的庙宇正在维修。 答案： D 3 ． (2011· 福建联考 )The Gate of Fortune ， from ________top visitors can enjoy a wonderful sea view ， will attract lots of tourists. A ． which B ． whose C ． where D ． its 解析： 考查定语从句。 top 和先行词 the Gate of Fortune 存在从属关系，因此应该使用 whose ， whose top 也可以表示为 the top of which 或 of which the top 。 答案： B 2 ． (2011· 襄阳调考 ) Barack Obama will deliver a speech to 1,000 local youths during his visit to Shanghai, _________ ( 大多数学生来自 ) Fudan University and Tongji University. (belong) 答案： most of whom belong to 3 ． The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, ________________________ ( 其中有许多离开了 ) their village homes for a better life in the city. (many) 答案： many of whom (had) left 1 ． (2010· 湖北高考 ) ____________________________( 正 如我们强调的那样 )many times ， “ serve the people” is our first policy.(stress) 答案： As we have stressed/As has been stressed 2 ． (2011· 武汉质检 )John said he'd been working in the office for an hour, ____________ ( 这是真的 ). (true) 答案： which was true 1 ． (2011· 武汉质检 )It's helpful to put children in a situation ________________________ ( 他们可以审 视 ) themselves differently. (see) 答案： where they can see 2 ． (2011· 荆州质检 )I have reached a point in my life ________________________ ( 我不得不 ) to make decisions of my own. (have) 答案： where I (will) have to 3 ． (2011· 宜昌模拟 )Mr. Smith, ____________________ ( 从 他书店 )we bought a dictionary yesterday, has been working nonstop for making a donation to the poor. (whose) 答案： from whose bookstore 1 ． (2011· 湖北八校联考 )His younger sister teaches in a secondary school, in front of ____________________ ( 流淌着一条小河 ). (flow) 答案： which flows a small river 2 ． (2011· 荆州检测 )We have come to the turning point ________________________ ( 我们必须做出决定 ) to choose our own course. (decision) 答案： where we must make a decision 3 ． (2011· 武昌区调考 )Yesterday we listened to a speech made by the professor ________________________ ( 他的研究旨在 ) improving agriculture. (aim) 答案： whose research was aimed at 4 ． (2011· 湖北五市联考 )____________________ ( 正如 提到的 ) in my last letter, we can make our dreams come true by working hard. (mention) 答案： As I mentioned 解析： 考查 as 引导的定语从句。 5 ． (2011· 武汉市六校联考 )After graduating from college ， I took some time off to go traveling ， _____________( 结果证明是 ) a wise decision. (turn) 答案： which turned out (to be)/turning out (to be) 6 ． (2011· 武汉质检 ) ____________________________ ( 正如 我们所知 ) ， the general theory of relativity states that a black hole is a region of space from which nothing can escape. (know) 答案： As we (all) know/As is known to us (all) 7 ． (2011· 武汉市六校联考 )________________________ ( 他 解释 …… 的方法 ) the world, indicates relations, and draws conclusions is not only surprising but also very accurate. (explain) 答案： the way (that/in which) he explains 8 ． (2011· 武汉市部分重点中学联考 )Do you still remember the food company in ________________ ( 我父亲工作过 ) ten years ago? (work) 答案： which my father worked 9 ． (2011· 襄阳模拟 )She is the only one of the girls in our class____________________ ( 通过了 ) the interview. (pass) 答案： who has passed 10 ． (2011· 荆州检测 )Thank you very much. We appreciate all ________________________ ( 你所做的 )for us during our stay here. (do) 答案： (that)you have done 11 ． (2011· 武汉市部分调考 )—Which book belongs to you, Mary? —______________________________ ( 封面是蓝色的那一个 ) over there. (cover) 答案： The one whose cover is blue 12 ． (2011· 武汉市部分重点中学联考 )Afterwards we shall go up to the top of a hill_________________________ ( 从那儿我们能够俯视 ) the city and the sea. (overlook) 答案： from where we can overlook 13 ． (2011· 武汉质检 )The department to _______________ ( 他所属的 ) is in the charge of Mr. Smith. (belong) 答案： which he belongs 14 ． (2011· 武汉四校联考 )As a child, Jack studied in a village school ， ____________________ ( 它以 …… 名字命名 ) his grandfather. (name) 答案： which is named after 15 ． (2011· 黄石模拟 )There are various kinds of animals in Australia, ________________ ( 其中很多 ) cannot be found in any other country. (many) 答案： many of which Thank you