【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导---无提示词（28页）

【英语】2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导---无提示词（28页）

‎2019届二轮复习短文语法填空解题指导---无提示词 ‎[命题角度]‎ 表行文逻辑的副词 并列连词或从属连词 关系代词或关系副词 介词 人称代词 冠词 情态动词或助动词 instead，‎ besides，‎ however，‎ therefore等。‎ and，but，‎ yet，or，so；‎ 状语从句的引导词。‎ 定语从句、名词性从句的引导词。‎ 动词、名词、形容词与介词搭配；固定短语中的介词。‎ 人称代词的数、格。固定短语中的代词。‎ a，an，the的基本用法及特殊用法。‎ 情态动词或助动词的基本用法。‎ ‎[考题感悟]‎ ‎1．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)This included digging up the road, laying the track and then building a strong roof over top.‎ the　[考查冠词。此处特指“地铁的顶部”，故用定冠词the。]‎ ‎2．(2017·全国卷Ⅲ)After school she plans to take a year off to model fulltime before going to university to get a degree engineering or architecture.‎ in　[考查介词。关于某个专业的学位要用介词in。a degree in engineering or architecture工程学或建筑学学位。]‎ ‎3．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both， is not good for the health.‎ which　[考查定语从句的关系词。分析句子结构可知，空格处所填之词引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，指代整个主句的内容，故填关系代词which。]‎ ‎4．(2017·全国卷Ⅰ)As result, people will eat more food to try to make up for ‎ that something missing.‎ a　[考查冠词。as a result结果是，为固定搭配，故填a。]‎ ‎5．(2017·全国卷Ⅱ)However, the railway quickly proved to be a great success and within six months, more than 25，000 people were using every day.‎ it　[考查代词。use是及物动词，其后接宾语，此处很明显缺少代词。分析句意可知，空格处指代前面的the railway，故填it。]‎ ‎6．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)Over time， the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly. ‎ when/as　[考查状语从句的引导词。此处空格处引导时间状语从句，表示“当……时候，随着”，应用when/as。]‎ ‎7．(2016·全国卷Ⅲ)In much of Asia, especially the socalled “rice bowl” cultures of China, Japan, Korea， Vietnam，food is usually eaten with chopsticks.‎ and　[考查并列连词。这里列举了亚洲的一些国家，它们为并列关系，应用and。]‎ ‎8．(2015·全国卷Ⅰ) For those who fly to Guilin，it's only an hour away car and offers all the scenery of the betterknown city.‎ by　[考查介词。乘坐交通工具可用by表达，而且可数名词单数前不用冠词。]‎ ‎9．(2015·全国卷Ⅱ)As natural architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.‎ how　[考查名词性从句的引导词。空格所填之词引导宾语从句，后面的thick是一个形容词，故填how。] ‎ ‎10．(2017·湖北省八校联考)I have recently returned from extended 26day trip to China.‎ an　[考查冠词。trip是可数名词，且此处表示泛指。由于extended的读音以元音音素开头，故填不定冠词an。]‎ ‎11．(2017·山西大学附中模拟)When I got there, I couldn't believe eyes.‎ my　[考查代词。句意：当我到那里时，不能相信自己的眼睛。此处应表示“我的眼睛”，故填my。]‎ ‎12．(2017·哈尔滨三中模拟)For much of that time, she wanted to fly， never had the chance until now.‎ but　[考查并列连词。她想飞，但一直没有得到机会，前后为转折关系，故填but。]‎ ‎13．(2017·九江一中模拟)Las Vegas has wonderful restaurants you can eat many different kinds of food. ‎ where　[考查定语从句的引导词。空格内所填之词引导定语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故填where。]‎ ‎14．(2017·佛山市模拟)I always remind I must go on and on, and never shall I give up halfway.‎ myself　[考查代词。根据句意可知，应是我提醒自己，故填反身代词myself。]‎ ‎15．(2017·成都市模拟)Children learn violence behavior from adults or from they see on TV or on the Internet.‎ what　[考查宾语从句的关系词。空格处所填之词引导宾语从句且在宾语从句中作see的宾语，故填what。]‎ ‎16．(2017·天水市模拟)Nowadays， the development of technology, online shopping is becoming more and more convenient.‎ with　[考查介词。with the development of为固定搭配，意为“随着……的发展”，故填with。]‎ ‎17．(2017·太原市模拟)Remember: Learning is so important it can change your future life.‎ that　[考查状语从句的引导词。此处为so ...that ...引导的结果状语从句，故填that。]‎ ‎18．(2017·哈尔滨市模拟)In one way of thinking, failure is part of life. In way, failure may be a way towards success. ‎ another　[考查代词。前面说的是从一个方面来想，后面应是从另一个方面，故填another。]‎ ‎19．(2017·聊城市模拟)Not only it lay stress on the natural beauty of a female figure, but it makes women's legs appear slimmer.‎ does　[考查助动词。not only位于句首，后面的句子应用部分倒装，‎ 根据后面的动词makes可判定时态为一般现在时，故填does。]‎ ‎20．(2017·衡水中学模拟)In my life, it is music which is extremely important brings me closer to my friends and family.‎ that　[考查强调句型。根据强调句型的构成可知此处填that。]‎ ‎[技法点拨]‎ 技法1 在简单句和并列句中，若句子缺主语或宾语，空白处一定是填代词。‎ ‎(2017·吉林市普通中学测试)Firstly, we must be able to understand the language when we hear it spoken.‎ ‎(2017·遵义航天高级中学模拟)Many means had been tried but none of them were good enough.‎ 技法2 名词前面若无限定词修饰，空白处很可能是填限定词(冠词、形容词性物主代词等)。‎ ‎(2017·襄阳市模拟)Last year New York City made the Lunar New Year a school holiday for the first time.‎ ‎(2017·河北省八所重点中学联考)When he starts to make his own living, he becomes free from the rules of school and parents.‎ 技法3 名词或代词在句中不作主语、表语或动词的宾语时，其前面的空白处一定是填介词。‎ ‎(2017·湖北省八校联考)On this blog I will be posting a travel journal with photographs and drawings.‎ ‎(2017·福州八中质检)To our excitement, our parade performance was a great success.‎ 技法4 若两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，空白处一定是填并列连词(连接并列的句子)或从句连词(引导定语从句、名词性从句和状语从句)。‎ ‎(2017·长沙市联考)Many families don't care about the price but they do care about the quality. ‎ ‎(2017·廊坊市模拟)To enjoy the service, one first needs to follow the library's official account，which provides available books at low prices.‎ ‎(2017·银川一中模拟)Later, the friend asked the farmer why he had planted the tree in such a poor place.‎ ‎(2017·成都市模拟)Before I went to sleep, I browsed through news websites and checked my emails.‎ 技法5 由特殊句式结构来判断空白处应填的词。‎ ‎(2017·唐山一中模拟)To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of thinking that I completely changed my life.‎ ‎(2017·淮北市模拟)Only in this way can they become useful to society and enjoy a colorful life in the future. ‎ 一、基础词类的用法 Ⅰ. 名词 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.I was always checking the time and thinking of future plans(plan)．‎ plan为可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。‎ 名词单数变复数一般在名词词尾直接加s。friend→friends；nation→nations；change→changes；member→members；painting→paintings。‎ ‎2.I hear Mike is likely to win all the prizes(prize) in the exams this year.‎ prize为可数名词，表示所有的奖励，应用复数形式。‎ ‎3.Many such walls have also appeared in several other Chinese cities(city)．‎ city为可数名词，通过前面的several other可判定应用复数形式。‎ 词尾是辅音字母＋y时，变y为ies；词尾是元音字母＋y时，直接加s。enemy→enemies；difficulty→difficulties；guy→guys；toy→toys。‎ ‎4.He lost all his keys(key) to the doors, so he had to get them opened by force.‎ key为可数名词，表示所有的钥匙，应用复数形式。‎ ‎5.He was wearing dark glasses(glass) to protect his eyes from the sun.‎ glass表示“眼镜”时为可数名词，因为有两个镜片，应用复数形式。‎ 词尾是s, x, ch, sh时一般加es。bus→buses；fox→foxes；coach→coaches；bush→bushes。‎ 注意：stomach(胃部)的复数形式是在词尾直接加s。‎ ‎6.As he could not find boxes(box)of the right size, he had to use fruit box为可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。‎ ‎ baskets instead.‎ ‎7.They took some photos(photo) when they visited China.‎ 此处some表示“一些”，故应用photo的复数形式。‎ 词尾是o的词，以辅音字母＋o结尾，直接加es；以元音字母加o结尾，直接加s。‎ tomato→tomatoes；potato→potatoes；zoo→zoos；radio→radios。‎ 注意：外来词piano与缩略词photo直接加s。‎ ‎8.They gave their lives for their country and were honored as heroes(hero)．‎ hero为可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。‎ ‎9.The green leaves(leaf) with red blooms are very pleasant to look at.‎ leaf为可数名词，前面没有限定词，应用复数形式。‎ 词尾是f或fe时，多将f或fe变为ves。shelf→shelves；knife→knives；wolf→wolves。‎ ‎10.Yesterday the firemen (fireman) examined the ground but were not able to find any clues to the cause of the fire.‎ 根据后面的were可知，空格处应填复数形式。‎ 名词复数的不规则变化：‎ child→children；foot→feet；mouse→mice；phenomenon→phenomena；medium→media。‎ Ⅱ. 冠词 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.It is a good idea never to compete but to do your best to improve at your own rate.‎ idea为可数名词，表示泛指时其前应用不定冠词，good以辅音音素开头，故填a。‎ 不定冠词a/an放在单数可数名词前，泛指一个人或一个事物。‎ ‎2.Today the Internet is ‎ play a role in意为“在……‎ 不定冠词有两种形式，‎ playing an important and essential role in our life.‎ 中扮演角色”，important以元音音素开头，其前应用an。‎ 当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为辅音音素(注意：不是辅音字母)时用a；当紧跟着冠词的第一个音素为元音音素(注意：不是元音字母)时用an。‎ ‎3.I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at a university.‎ university为可数名词，表示泛指时其前应加不定冠词a。‎ ‎4.I believe that with our joint efforts, this meeting will be a great success.‎ success表示“成功的人或事”时为可数名词，表示泛指时其前应加不定冠词a。‎ 具有某些特征、状态或情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用。‎ ‎5.She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on the top floor.‎ 特指“在顶楼”应用定冠词，故填the。‎ 定冠词the特指某人或某物。‎ ‎6.Smoking is one of the biggest causes of preventable deaths in England.‎ 形容词最高级前应用定冠词，故填the。‎ 在最高级或序数词前面或由only, very, same等修饰的名词前面用定冠词the。‎ ‎7.Nowadays, how we can take good care of the old is becoming a hot and serious topic.‎ 定冠词the和形容词old连用，表示“老年人”。‎ 定冠词the和形容词、过去分词连用，表示一类人或事物。‎ ‎8.As is wellknown, the Second World War broke out in the thirties.‎ thirties表示“年代”时其前应加定冠词，故填the。‎ 用在年代或用于逢十的数词前。‎ ‎9.And all of a sudden, there they were－two beautiful, tiny little girls holding hands！‎ all of a sudden为固定短语，意为“突然”，故填a。‎ 不定冠词和定冠词常用在一些固定搭配中。‎ ‎10.They may have wanted to hurt you or they just ‎ the same为固定搭配。故填the。‎ don't see things in the same way.‎ Ⅲ. 代词 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.Later, I received a cassette from him, in which he recorded his apology.‎ 由空格后面的he和his可判定填him，表示从他那里收到了磁带。‎ 人称代词第三人称的主格与宾格常指代前文或后文出现的人或物。‎ ‎2.A few hours before, I'd been at home in Hong Kong, with its(it) choking smog.‎ 因为smog是名词，所以需要用it的形容词性物主代词形式来修饰。‎ 形容词性物主代词在句中作定语，常表示物体的所属；而名词性物主代词在句中可以作主语、宾语和表语，但不可以作定语。‎ ‎3.I can understand how you feel now because my experience is similar to yours．‎ 此处用yours相当于your experience，表示我的经历与你的经历相似。‎ ‎4.I kept telling myself that I had to be strong when facing any troubles or problems.‎ 通过前后的I可知，此处表示我总是不断地告诫自己，故填myself。‎ 反身代词表示动作的承受者就是动作的执行者，可以在句中作宾语、表语和同位语。‎ ‎5.Nowadays the universities are totally different from those of the past.‎ 空格处需用一个词来替代前面的the universities，故填those。‎ that/those可用来替代前面出现过的名词。that替代单数名词或不可数名词，而those替代复数名词或集合名词。‎ ‎6.During the rush hour, I have been looking for a taxi but haven't found one yet.‎ 此处表示我一直在找出租车，但还没发现一辆，此处用one替代a taxi。‎ one指代前面出现过的那类事物中的“一个”，其复数形式为ones。‎ ‎7.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but neither contained any useful suggestions.‎ 通过but可知，两份报告都没有任何有用的建议，故填neither表示“两个都不”。‎ 不定代词both, either, neither表示两者；all, any, none表示三者或三者以上。‎ ‎8.Some people take great pleasure in helping and giving to someone else while others feel happy doing the opposite.‎ 根据前面的some可知，此处表示“一些……，另一些……”，故填others。‎ the other意为“(两者中的)另一个”；another表示“(三者或三者以上中的)另一个，再一个”；others泛指其余的人或物。‎ ‎9.It is a must to get the hang of the theme if you want to fully appreciate the novel. ‎ 空格处需要it作形式主语，而不定式短语作真正的主语。‎ it可作形式主语或形式宾语，用来指代不定式、动词ing形式或从句，而把真正的主语或宾语后置。‎ ‎10.I will appreciate it if you give me a hand to solve the problems.‎ I will appreciate it if ...为固定用法，意为“如果……，我将不胜感激”。‎ it在固定结构中的用法：I'll hate/like/enjoy it if...；when it comes to ...；It is no wonder that ...等。‎ Ⅳ. 介词 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.It is a very exciting city with great hotels, fine restaurants and even casinos.‎ 此处表示“带有……的城市”，应用介词with。‎ ‎(1)应掌握介词的基本用法，近三年全国八套卷考查到的有：as 作为，in在……方面，by乘坐(交通工具)。‎ ‎(2)注意一词多义的介词，例如with：(表示关系)和……一起；(表示状态)具有，带有；(表示伴随)随着；(表示方式)用……‎ ‎；凭借……；(表示原因)由于，因为等。‎ ‎(3)注意易混介词的对比，例如表示时间的in, on, at；表示时间的in, after；表示方位的through, across；表示交通方式的by, on, in等。‎ ‎2.As an eightyearold boy, I spent most of that afternoon sitting in the shade while they sweated in the sunshine.‎ 此处表示“作为一个8岁的男孩子”，应用介词as。‎ ‎3.Without mother and father's love, I would not 句意：没有父母的爱，‎ ‎ lead such a happy life now.‎ 我就不会这样幸福地生活。故填without。‎ ‎4.When Monday came, she arrived at school in Colorado，only to be told that her new hair style was against the school rules.‎ 此意为“她的新发型违背了学校规定”，表示违背用against。‎ ‎5.Despite these difficulties, they managed to work out 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun's movement.‎ 此处表示尽管有这些困难，应用despite，though/although也表示“尽管”，但作为连词后面应跟句子。‎ ‎6.In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because of air pollution.‎ because of为固定短语，意为“因为，由于”，故填of。‎ 注意介词的固定搭配，其考查形式主要有以下几种：‎ ‎①固定短语中的介词；‎ ‎②介词与名词的搭配；‎ ‎③介词与动词的搭配；‎ ‎④介词与形容词的搭配。‎ ‎7.The computer game is designed for game lovers, young ones in particular.‎ in particular为固定短语，意为“尤其；特别”，故填in。‎ ‎8.So the main reason why people keep dogs has changed from protection to friendship.‎ from ...to ...为固定用法，意为“从……到……”，故填from。‎ 近几年全国卷语法填空题考过的搭配有：to and from, at the same time, go back to, be focused on, next to等。‎ ‎9.Perhaps, recently I was busy with some little things both in family and work，so I was completely tired.‎ be busy with为固定搭配，意为“忙于”，故填with。‎ ‎10.White fat stores extra energy, which results in weight gain.‎ 此处说会导致肥胖。result in“导致”，故填in。‎ Ⅴ. 形容词、副词 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.Finally, that hard work paid off and now the water in the river is cleaner(clean) than ever.‎ 分析句子结构可知，空处作表语，应用形容词，再由后面的than可知，此处填提示词的比较级形式，故填cleaner。‎ 比较级的考查：‎ ‎①句中含有“than ...”结构用比较级，有时句中没有“than ...”结构，但暗含比较的意味，也用比较级；‎ ‎2.The more I thought about it, the worse(bad) my mood became.‎ 考查“the＋比较级 ...‎ ‎ the＋比较级 ...”结构，故填worse。‎ ‎②表示“越……，就越……”用“the＋比较级 ... the＋比较级 ...”结构；‎ ‎3.Olivia has always dreamed of doing something to make the world's future even brighter(bright)．‎ 由even可判定此处应用比较级形式，表示“更加光明”，故填brighter。‎ ‎③常放在比较级前面用来修饰比较级的词和短语有much, far, still, even, rather, a little, a bit, a lot, a great deal 及数字、倍数等；‎ ‎④否定词no, not, never等与比较级连用可表示最高级意义。‎ ‎4.How beautifully she sings! I have never heard a better(good) voice.‎ 此处never与比较级连用，表示最好的声音，故填better。‎ ‎5.First, honesty is the easiest(easy) choice that we can make.‎ 此处表示“最容易的选择”，应用形容词的最高级，故填easiest。‎ 最高级的考查：‎ ‎①表达在某个范围内“最……”用最高级，有时后面跟表示范围的标志词如in, of, among等；‎ ‎②最高级前可用the, one of the, the second 等修饰。若空格前有这些词，就有可能填最高级。‎ ‎6.But that didn't prevent the boy from becoming one of the greatest (great) composers of all 此处表示“最伟大的作曲家之一”，应用形容词的最高级，‎ ‎ time.‎ 故填greatest。‎ ‎7.I suddenly(sudden) realized that I shouldn't get discouraged after experiencing failure. ‎ 空格内所填之词应为副词修饰realized，故填suddenly。‎ ‎“形容词＋ly”构成副词的规则：‎ ‎①一般情况加ly；‎ quick→quickly; immediate→immediately ‎②以“辅音字母＋y”结尾，将y改为i然后加ly；‎ happy→happily; busy→busily ‎8.We spent a wonderful night together, eating and talking happily(happy)．‎ 表示“幸福地吃饭、聊天”，应用副词形式，故填happily。‎ ‎9.But such a small thing couldn't possibly(possible) destroy a village.‎ 此处应用副词修饰动词destroy，故填possibly。‎ ‎③以le结尾，去掉e加y；‎ simple→simply; gentle→gently ‎④以ic结尾，加ally。‎ basic→basically；‎ scientific→scientifically ‎10.Basically(basic) speaking, you should ensure that you take a good amount of vegetables, grains, milk and proteins.‎ 此处应用副词修饰speaking，故填Basically。‎ ‎[语篇填空]‎ 用基础词类的适当形式填空 According to 1.a recent survey, violence does exist in schools. 2.Experts(expert) appeal to 3.the whole society to pay more attention to the mental health of adolescents.‎ We should make every effort to prevent school violence happening at school, for more and more students would drop out of school if their personal 4.safety(safe) could not be guaranteed.‎ If I meet with school violence, I will not answer violence 5.with violence, for it will result in 6.more(much) fighting. I will tell my teachers or parents about it. I think they will help 7.me deal with it 8.well(good) and they will protect me from the bad guys.‎ All in all, we students should behave 9.ourselves(we) and keep away 10.from violence.‎ 二、动词的用法突破 Ⅰ. 动词的时态 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.World Book Day falls(fall) on April 23 every year.‎ 由every year可知，此处表示经常性的动作，应用一般现在时。‎ 一般现在时表示经常性、习惯性的动作或状态；时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来；还可表示按时间表等发生的动作。‎ ‎2.During his middle school years, he played(play) football nearly every day.‎ 句中中学时期指的是过去，故用一般过去时。‎ 一般过去时表示过去的事情、动作或状态；也表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。‎ ‎3.If you read as a hobby, you will get(get)better and better at it. ‎ 条件状语从句用一般现在表将来，主句的时态应为一般将来时。‎ 一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或状况。通常由“will/shall＋动词原形”构成。‎ ‎4.Perhaps you have heard(hear) countless times how exercise is good for your health.‎ 表示“已经听说过很多次了”应用现在完成时。‎ 现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍有影响，也可表示动作或状态持续到现在并有可能进行下去。其构成为“have/has ＋过去分词”。‎ ‎5.By the end of last week, they had finished(finish) the work.‎ 到上周末已经完成了工作，表示“过去的过去”应用过去完成时。‎ 过去完成时表示某一动作或存在的状态发生在过去某一时间或某一动作之前，即“过去的过去”‎ ‎。其构成为“had ＋过去分词”。‎ ‎6.I am writing(write) a letter. Will you please turn down the radio？‎ 要求对方把音量降低，因为“我”正在写信，应用现在进行时。‎ 现在进行时表示说话时正在进行或现阶段正在进行的动作。其构成为“am/is/are＋现在分词”。‎ ‎7.I was looking(look) for a house when I saw an advertisement in a newspaper one day.‎ 一天我正在找房子，突然在报纸上看到了一个广告。表示过去正在做某事应用过去进行时。‎ 过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。其构成为“was/were＋现在分词”。‎ ‎8.I have been writing (write) an article all the afternoon and haven't finished yet.‎ 整个下午我一直在写文章，现在还未完成，应用现在完成进行时。‎ 现在完成进行时表示从过去的某一时刻到现在一直进行的动作，其构成为“have/has been ＋现在分词”。‎ Ⅱ. 动词的语态 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1. It is certain that people's views on happiness are affected(affect) greatly by their own life experience. ‎ 此处表示的是一个事实，views与affect是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态。‎ 一般现在时的被动语态构成：am/is/are＋过去分词 ‎2. Stop talking at once; the latest news about the Olympic Games is being broadcast(broadcast)．‎ 通过前面的Stop talking可知，最新消息正在被播报，故用现在进行时的被动语态。‎ 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am/is/are being＋过去分词 ‎3.Festivals and celebrations of all kinds have been held(hold) everywhere since ancient 根据since ancient times可知，应用现在完成时，Festivals and celebrations与hold为被动关系，‎ 现在完成时的被动语态的构成：have/has been ＋过去分词 ‎ times.‎ 故应用现在完成时的被动语态。‎ ‎4.A new law was passed(pass) in China in 2010 to ban driving after drinking.‎ 通过in 2010可知用一般过去时，新的法律应是被通过，故用一般过去时的被动语态。‎ 一般过去时的被动语态的构成：was/were＋过去分词 ‎5.The woman was walking about outside the operation room, because her son was being operated(operate) on.　‎ 这位妇女正在外面走动，因为她的儿子正在(被)动手术。此处应用过去进行时的被动语态。‎ 过去进行时被动语态的构成：was/were being ＋过去分词 ‎6.We are confident that the environment will be improved(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution.‎ 我们相信环境将会被改善，故用一般将来时的被动语态。‎ 一般将来时被动语态的构成：will/shall be ＋过去分词 ‎7.He said that a new road would be built(build) here soon.‎ said为过去时，道路被修建在said之后，故用过去将来时的被动语态。‎ 过去将来时被动语态的构成：would/should be ＋过去分词 ‎8.The problem had been solved(solve) before he came to help.‎ 问题应是在came to help之前被解决，故用过去完成时的被动语态。‎ 过去完成时被动语态的构成：had been ＋过去分词 ‎9.The plan should be put(put) into practice as soon as possible.‎ The plan与put之间为被动关系，情态动词之后应用被动语态。‎ 情态动词被动语态的构成：情态动词＋be＋过去分词 Ⅲ. 非谓语动词 ‎(Ⅰ)非谓语动词作主语和宾语 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.Scientists have discovered that staying(stay) in the cold could help us lose weight.‎ 动名词作主语时，‎ 动名词作主语表示一般行为，‎ 表示一般的行为或经常性的动作，故填staying。‎ 不定式作主语表示具体行为；要特别注意it作形式主语时的一些固定句式。‎ ‎2.It's no use complaining (complain) without taking action.‎ It is no use doing sth.为固定句式，意为“做某事是没有用处的”。‎ ‎3.I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused to stop(stop) until we reached the next stop.‎ refuse后接动词作宾语时，要用其不定式形式，表示“拒绝做某事”。‎ ‎(1)有些词的后面需跟不定式作宾语，不能跟动名词作宾语，例如agree，decide等。‎ ‎(2)有些词的后面需跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语，例如enjo y，finish等。‎ ‎(3)有些词后跟不定式与动名词作宾语有明显的区别，例如forget，remember，regret，mean等。‎ ‎4.I really enjoy chatting(chat) with them; they are very friendly.‎ enjoy后面需跟动名词作宾语，不能跟不定式作宾语。‎ ‎5.But every driver who stopped to examine the note drove off without saying(say) a word.‎ 一般介词后需跟动名词作宾语。‎ ‎6.Don't forget to close(close) the door when you leave the office.‎ forget to do表示“忘了做……”，而forget doing 表示“忘了已经做过……”。‎ ‎7.Most Chinese remember being told(tell) this romantic tragedy when they were children on Qixi.‎ 表示“记得做过某事”用remember doing sth.‎ 由于Chinese与tell为被动关系，故填being told。‎ ‎(Ⅱ)非谓语动词作定语、状语和补语 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.Happiness is a flower living(live) in the sunshine, and it is not difficult to reach for it.‎ 句中现在分词作定语，相当于定语从句that/which lives...。‎ 现在分词作定语表示主动和进行，被动式用being ‎ done；过去分词作定语表示被动和完成，用过去分词形式；不定式作定语表示尚未发生的动作，表示被动时用to be done。‎ ‎2.Let's try together to ‎ 句中用过去分词作定语 create a world filled(fill) with smiling faces and sunshine.‎ ‎，world与fill之间为被动关系。‎ ‎3.The problem to be discussed(discuss) tomorrow is very important.‎ 根据tomorrow可知此处表示将来，问题应是被讨论，故用不定式的被动式。‎ ‎4.Many highlyranked people often came to the restaurant to enjoy(enjoy) his cooking.‎ 来餐馆是为了欣赏厨艺，此处用不定式作目的状语。‎ 不定式可以作目的状语、结果状语和原因状语；除作目的状语外，分词可以作其他所有状语，例如时间、原因、结果等。现在分词表示主动、进行，过去分词表示被动、完成。‎ ‎5.He suddenly appeared in class one day，wearing(wear) sunglasses.‎ 他来时戴着太阳镜，此处用现在分词作伴随状语。‎ ‎6.Compared(compare) with other forms of writing, it is shorter and takes less time.‎ it与compare为动宾关系，应用过去分词作状语表示被动。‎ ‎7.The website asks everyone to celebrate (celebrate) the day by taking a book, finding an audience, and reading out aloud.‎ ask sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事，故用不定式作宾补。‎ ‎(1)有些动词后需跟不定式作宾补，例如allow，advise等。‎ ‎(2)感官动词和使役动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但变成被动语态后需带to。‎ ‎8.Suddenly he hears a strange sound and then sees a bear standing(stand) in front of him！‎ 此处表示看到一头熊正站在面前，应用现在分词作宾补。‎ ‎9.When we saw the road blocked(block) with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.‎ the road与block为被动关系，故用过去分词作宾补。‎ ‎(3)非谓语动词作补语的区别：不定式表示全过程；现在分词表示正在进行；过去分词表示被动完成。‎ ‎10. It is true he was rarely ‎ 表示“听到某人做某事”‎ heard to speak (speak), but smoked his pipe continuously.‎ 用hear sb. do sth.‎ 变成被动语态应在do前加to。‎ Ⅳ. 虚拟语气 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.If I were(be) you, I would take action right away.‎ 考查条件状语从句的虚拟语气，从句表现在用一般过去时(be用were)，表过去用过去完成时。‎ 应注意条件状语从句中的虚拟语气，表示现在、过去、将来时从句与主句谓语动词的构成，要特别注意混合条件句。‎ ‎2.If he had listened(listen) to me, he wouldn't be in trouble now.‎ ‎3.She is a fantastic dancer. I wish I danced(dance)as well as her.‎ wish后面从句的谓语动词，表现在用一般过去时。‎ 应注意wish之后宾语从句表示现在、过去、将来时谓语动词的构成。‎ ‎4.The teacher advised that we (should) make(make) good use of our time.‎ advise之后的宾语从句，谓语动词用“(should)＋动词原形”。‎ 表示建议、要求等的动词之后的宾语从句以及名词之后的表语从句、同位语从句中，谓语动词应用“(should)＋动词原形”。‎ ‎5.They began to talk warmly as if they had known(know) each other for a long time.‎ as if之后的状语从句用于虚拟语气，表示过去用过去完成时。‎ as if之后的从句常用于虚拟语气，谓语动词表示现在用一般过去时；表示过去用过去完成时。‎ ‎6.It's time that you should go/went(go) home and I'd rather you came(come) again tomorrow.‎ It's time (that) ...从句中谓语动词用一般过去时或should do形式；would rather之后的从句中，表示现在和将来用一般过去时。‎ It's time (that)...之后从句的谓语动词常用一般过去时或should do形式should不可省略；would rather之后从句的谓语动词表示现在或将来用一般过去时，‎ 表示过去用过去完成时。‎ ‎[语篇填空]‎ 用所给动词的适当形式填空 It was getting dark when I 1.got(get) home. It was cold and I 2.was wearing(wear) a coat. I put my hand into my pocket 3.to take(take) out the key, but it 4.wasn't found(not find)．I suddenly remembered that I 5.had left(leave) it on my desk in the office. I knew my wife 6.was(be) at home, so I knocked at the door. There was no answer.7.Having knocked(knock) at the door for some time, I got angry. Then I remembered 8.being told/having been told(tell) that my wife 9.would go(go) shopping in the afternoon with the children. How I wish I 10.hadn't left(not leave) my key in the office.‎ 三、从句引导词 Ⅰ. 定语从句的关系词(关系代词和关系副词)‎ 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1.Take a couple of breaths and think of something that gives you pleasure: a beautiful scene in nature, or someone you love.‎ 引导词在定语从句中作主语，指事物用that/which，当先行词为不定代词时一般用that。‎ 引导定语从句的关系代词有：that, which, who, whom, whose, as。它们在句中可作主语、宾语和定语。‎ ‎2.I am eighteen years old now，which means I've become an adult and have more responsibilities.‎ 根据逗号可知为非限制性定语从句，引导词作主语且指前面的整个句子，应用which。‎ ‎(1)that指人或物，可作主语、宾语；which指物，可作主语、宾语；非限制性定语从句中和介词后用which不用that；‎ ‎3.It's quite necessary to build a harmony environment for people who/that surf the Internet.‎ 引导词在定语从句中作主语且指人，应用who/that。‎ ‎(2)who/whom指人，who作主语或宾语，whom作宾语；‎ ‎4.The book tells stories of the earthquake through the ‎ eyes of those whose lives were affected.‎ 引导词在定语从句中作定语且指人，应用whose。‎ ‎(3)whose指人或物，作定语；‎ ‎(4)as常指整个句子，可位于句首，常表示“正如……”。‎ ‎5.As is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.‎ as引导定语从句可位于句首。‎ ‎6.We have a living room, two bedrooms with wonderful balconies and a kitchen，where my mom always cooks great delicious food.‎ 引导词在非限制性定语从句中作地点状语，用where。注意，不能用which。‎ 引导定语从句的关系副词有：when, where, why。它们都在从句中作状语，表示时间、地点或原因。‎ ‎7.We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better.‎ 引导词在非限制性定语从句中作时间状语，用when。‎ ‎8.The reason why he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn't give him an invitation earlier.‎ 引导词在定语从句中作原因状语，用why。‎ 注意：先行词表示时间、地点或原因时，引导词不一定用when, where, why，这要看在从句中作什么成分而定。‎ ‎9. After thinking carefully, he decided to plant the tree in a place that/which no one could find. ‎ 先行词是place指地点，但空格所填的引导词在从句中作find的宾语，故填that/which。注意，若在find后加上it，所填之词就是where。‎ ‎10.9.5 million Chinese people have moved abroad since 1978, many of whom are far richer than earlier waves of immigrants.‎ 引导词在介词后，指人用whom。‎ 介词后面的引导词指人时用whom，指物时用which。‎ Ⅱ. 名词性从句的连接词(连接词、连接代词和连接副词)‎ 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1. It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the office.‎ It作形式主语，引导词在主语从句中没有任何含义，只起连接作用，应用that。‎ 引导名词性从句的连接词包括that, whether/if，它们在从句中不作任何成分，只起连接作用，that无任何含义，whether/if意为“是否”，if只能引导宾语从句。‎ ‎2.We still have some doubt whether they can complete the task on time.‎ 引导词在同位语从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，表示“是否”，应用whether。‎ ‎3.Who will be invited to the ceremony hasn't been decided.‎ 引导词在主语从句中作主语且指人，应用who。‎ 引导名词性从句的连接代词包括who, whom, whose, what, which, who(m)ever, whatever, whichever，它们既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。需注意what表示“什么”，而which表示“哪一个”。‎ ‎4.I think what impresses me about his painting is the color he uses.‎ 引导词在主语从句中作主语且指物，应用what。‎ ‎5.Whoever has helped to save the drowning boy is worth praising.‎ 引导词在主语从句中作主语，意为“无论谁”，应用whoever。‎ ‎6. The best moment for the football star was when he scored the winning goal.‎ 引导词在表语从句中作时间状语，应用when。‎ 引导名词性从句的连接副词包括when, where, why, how，它们既起引导从句的作用，同时又在从句中作时间、地点、原因或方式状语。‎ ‎7. Grandma pointed to the hospital and said，“That's where I was born.”‎ 引导词在表语从句中作地点状语，应用where。‎ ‎8. Once he was asked why he kept on trying to make a new type of battery when he had failed so often.‎ 引导词在宾语从句中作原因状语，应用why。‎ ‎9. She has known how she should settle the matter.‎ 引导词在宾语从句中作方式状语，应用how。‎ Ⅲ. 状语从句的连接词 自查自纠 解题分析 语法讲解 ‎1. On our last hike, we were told to take a rest when we felt tired.‎ 表示“当……时候”用when。‎ 时间状语从句的引导词常见的有：when, while, as, before, after, since, till, until, once, the moment等。‎ ‎2. John thinks it won't be long before he is ready for his new job.‎ It won't be long before ...为固定句型，before引导时间状语从句。‎ ‎3. If you happen to get lost in the wild, you'd better stay where you are and wait for help.‎ 所填之词引导地点状语从句，用where。‎ 地点状语从句通常由where引导。‎ ‎4.If everyone does his part, the project will surely be a success.‎ if引导条件状语从句，表示“如果”。‎ 条件状语从句的引导词常见的主要是if和unless。‎ ‎5. She says that she'll have to close the shop unless business improves.‎ unless引导条件状语从句，表示“除非，如果不”。‎ ‎6.Mark needs to learn Chinese because his company is opening a branch in Beijing. ‎ 此处强调原因，应用because。‎ 原因状语从句中because强调原因；as, since, now that指双方都知道的原因。‎ ‎7.Although/Though/While I understand your opinion, ‎ 引导让步状语从句表示“尽管，虽然”‎ 让步状语从句的引导词有：although, though,‎ I don't agree with you.‎ 用although/though/while。‎ ‎ while, even if/though, as/though用于倒装的让步状语从句。‎ ‎8.He told us such an interesting story that we all laughed.‎ 考查such...that...结构。‎ 结果状语从句主要是so/such ...that ...。‎ ‎9.The students should do the experiments as they were told.‎ as引导方式状语从句表示“按照，像……一样”。‎ 方式状语从句的引导词主要是as。‎ ‎[语篇填空]‎ 用适当的从句引导词填空 It was late one morning. I don't remember 1.what it was about, but my husband and I had a heated argument. I threw a few things in a small suitcase and left home, not knowing 2.where I was going. After driving in circles for several minutes, I stopped at a shop to buy something. At that time, my daughter called me and told me her dad was worried about me. But 3.because my anger hadn't left me, I hung up the phone immediately.4.When I went to my car quickly after finishing my purchase, I ‎ found a piece of white paper stuck under my windshield wiper(雨刮器). A truck pulled up beside me 5.before I could see the words on the paper clearly. Hanging out of the window was my husband, beside 6.whom was my lovely daughter. That's 7.when I started laughing. Moved by them, I laughed so hard 8.that I cried.9.Although/Though I had made great efforts to run away from home, the man 10.who loved me managed to find me. ‎ A ‎(2017·合肥市第一次教学质量检测) Chinese brush calligraphy or “shufa” in Chinese is one of 1. most important art forms in China. Many Asian cultures have originated their own calligraphy styles, but China's is unequaled because of 2. (it) beauty, grace (优雅) and history.‎ The 3. (origin) of Chinese brush calligraphy are unknown, but local tales say it goes back over 4，000 years to the time of the legendary(传说的) Yellow ‎ Emperor(2698 BC－2598 BC)．At that time characters were carved on animal bones or tortoise shells. Only after Emperor Qin Shi Huang united China under his rule 4. one country did it really gain popularity as a common art form.‎ He simplified Chinese characters and regular rules were set, 5. (make) it easier for people to learn and master. This Chinese art form continued to progress and during the Tang Dynasty (618 AD－907 AD) a new type of cursive script(草书) was formed and standardized. It is written 6. (free), but it's not as easy to read.‎ Today Chinese calligraphy is once again a subject in schools and an art form highly 7. (appreciate) across the world. Anyone can practice it and 8. ‎ is required is a simple set including: a brush, ink and paper.It's fun for amateurs to try, but to become good at it, not only years of practice but also natural talent 9. ‎ ‎(need)．Practising this art consistently can develop personal character and is of great 10. (benefit) to health.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国书法的起源及特点。‎ ‎1．the　[考查冠词。根据形容词最高级most important可知，空处需用定冠词the，此处意为“最重要的艺术形式之一”。]‎ ‎2．its　[考查代词。修饰名词应该用形容词性物主代词，所以填its。]‎ ‎3．origins　[考查名词的数。根据该句的谓语动词are可知，中国书法的起源不止一种。所以用名词复数origins。]‎ ‎4．as/into　[考查介词。unite...as/into...在此处意为“把……统一成……”，所以填as/into。]‎ ‎5．making　[考查非谓语动词。动词make与其逻辑主语是主谓关系且与上文之间无连词，故用现在分词making在此处作状语。]‎ ‎6．freely　[考查副词。修饰动词应用副词。]‎ ‎7．appreciated　[考查非谓语动词。动词appreciate与其逻辑主语art form是动宾关系，故用过去分词appreciated在此处作定语。]‎ ‎8．what　[考查主语从句。根据“需要的东西就是一套简单的(书写)工具”可知，此处应用what引导主语从句。]‎ ‎9．is needed　[考查主谓一致和被动语态。“not only...but also...”作主语，谓语动词的单复数遵循就近原则，故此处谓语动词应用单数。natural ‎ talent与动词need之间是动宾关系，故用is needed。]‎ ‎10．benefit　[考查名词。此处指“坚持练习这门艺术能培养个人的性格而且对健康大有好处”，形容词great后应用名词benefit。]‎ B ‎(2018·湖北省八校联考)I have recently returned from 11. extended 26day trip to China. I made two earlier trips to China in 2012.On my previous visits my travel 12. (limit) to the three major cities of Beijing, Shanghai and Chongqing. This time I, together with my family, was able to visit some of the more remote cities and holiday destinations 13. (miss) on the previous trips and revisit Beijing and Shanghai to observe the great changes there in just four short years.‎ The many contradictions and 14. (struggle ) within China today are very impressive. No one can ignore the rich culture 15. (date) back to ancient times changing into the modern age at a speed and scale that has never been witnessed.16. happens in China, the third 17. (large) country in the world with 20 percent of the world's population, will 18. (certain) shape the immediate and distant futures of 19. (we) all.‎ On this blog (博客) I will be posting a travel journal 20. photographs and drawings. Marked on the map are the cities and villages I visited while in China.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者的中国之旅及所见所感。‎ ‎11．an　[考查冠词。trip是可数名词，且此处表示泛指。由于extended的读音以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。]‎ ‎12．was limited　[考查动词时态和语态。limit和句子主语my travel构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用被动语态；由空前的“previous visits”可知，事情发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]‎ ‎13．missed　[考查非谓语动词。miss和句子谓语动词was之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词形式，且miss和其逻辑主语“some of the more remote cities and holiday destinations”构成动宾关系，故用过去分词作后置定语。]‎ ‎14．struggles　[考查名词复数。根据and前的“The many contradictions”可知，此处应用名词，struggle为可数名词，故用其复数形式。]‎ ‎15．dating　[考查非谓语动词。date和句子谓语动词ignore之间没有连词，‎ 故用非谓语动词形式，且词组date back to没有被动形式，故用现在分词短语作后置定语。]‎ ‎16．Whatever　[考查状语从句。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，应用Whatever引导让步状语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论中国发生什么”。]‎ ‎17．largest　[考查形容词最高级。由空前的the third可知，此处表示最高级的含义，故用形容词最高级修饰名词country。]‎ ‎18．certainly　[考查副词。修饰动词应用副词，故用副词certainly修饰动词shape，在句子中作状语。]‎ ‎19．us　[考查代词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，分析句子结构可知，此处应用代词的宾格形式，即us。]‎ ‎20．with　[考查介词。此处with表示“具有，带有”的含义，后跟名词photographs and drawings作宾语。]‎ C ‎(2018·郑州市第一次质量预测)Tea is consumed around the world more than any other drink except water. Originating in China, tea has long established 21. (it) as the national drink of this country.‎ A century before the birth of Christ, tea 22. (describe) in Chinese texts as a health drink that made one live 23. (long)．Today, it is still being regarded as such. Both green tea and black tea are claimed to be effective for 24. (prevent) cancer, heart disease, and many other deadly diseases. There is only one point 25. people need to be aware of when they drink tea — it should not be drunk along with meals.‎ Tea, a popular drink in China and many other countries，26. (be) carefully prepared according to local customs. The Chinese put loose tea in teapots, add boiling water, and serve it in teacups. The strong tea from China's Fujian Province is drunk in tiny cups before dinner. Lighter tea with jasmine (茉莉), rose or other 27. (flower), usually served after dinner, is special to China's Changjiang River regions.‎ Many English people, travelling away from home, feel 28. a loss if their favourite teabags are not available. Afternoon tea in England is still a timehonoured tradition. It's a good opportunity for people to socialize or discuss business matters.‎ In Japan, a tea ceremony is often held while people are drinking tea. The ‎ ceremony, usually 29. (hold) in a teahouse, dates back to the 16th century. Guests follow strict rules set up then and the tea used is powdered green tea. Though still practised today, the ceremony may not be as popular 30. it used to be.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了茶的渊源及几个国家的茶文化。‎ ‎21．itself　[考查代词。此处填的代词与句子主语tea形成互指关系，故用反身代词。]‎ ‎22．was described　[考查动词时态和语态。根据语境中的时间状语“A century before the birth of Christ”可知，事情发生在过去，且tea和describe构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态。]‎ ‎23．longer　[考查比较级。此处表示“让人活得更长”，故用longer。]‎ ‎24．preventing　[考查动名词。介词后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语，故用动名词preventing。]‎ ‎25．that　[考查定语从句。that引导定语从句，在从句中作介词of的宾语，修饰先行词one point。]‎ ‎26．is　[考查主谓一致。句子主语为Tea，且与下文的“is drunk”在时态上呼应，故此处用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。 ]‎ ‎27．flowers　[考查名词复数。flower是可数名词，由前面的other可知，此处表示复数概念。]‎ ‎28．at　[考查介词。固定搭配at a loss意为“困惑，不知所措”，故用介词at。]‎ ‎29．held　[考查非谓语动词。hold和句子谓语之间没有连词，故用非谓语动词。句子主语The ceremony与hold构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词形式。]‎ ‎30．as　[考查连词。由“as＋形容词＋as”的结构可知，此处应用连词as引导比较状语从句。] ‎