【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺学案（含练习）：阅读理解题型三

【英语】2020届高考英语二轮专题复习冲刺学案（含练习）：阅读理解题型三

题型三　词义猜测题 语篇出处：2019年全国卷Ⅲ·B篇　语篇类型：说明文　主题语境：中国时尚 ‎　‎ For Western designers, China and its rich culture have long been an inspiration for Western creative.‎ ‎“It's no secret that China has always been a source (来源) of inspiration for designers，” says Amanda Hill, chief creative officer at A＋E Networks, a global media company and home to some of the biggest fashion (时尚) shows.‎ Earlier this year, the China Through A Looking Glass exhibition in New York exhibited 140 pieces of Chinainspired fashionable clothing alongside Chinese works of art, with the aim of exploring the influence of Chinese aesthetics (美学) on Western fashion and how China has fueled the fashionable imagination for centuries. The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.‎ ‎“China is impossible to overlook，” says Hill. “Chinese models are the faces of beauty and fashion campaigns that sell dreams to women all over the world, which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.” Of course, not only are today's top Western designers being influenced by China—some of the best designers of contemporary fashion are themselves Chinese. “Vera Wang, Alexander Wang, Jason Wu are taking_on Galliano, Albaz, Marc Jacobs—and beating them hands down in design and sales，” adds Hill.‎ For Hill, it is impossible not to talk about China as the leading player when discussing fashion. “The most famous designers are Chinese, so are the models, and so are the consumers，” she says. “China is no longer just another market; in many senses it has become the market. If you talk about fashion today, you are talking about China—its influences, its direction, its breathtaking clothes, and how young designers and models are finally acknowledging that in many ways.”‎ ‎1.What can we learn about the exhibition in New York？‎ A.It promoted the sales of artworks.‎ B.It attracted a large number of visitors.‎ C.It showed ancient Chinese clothes.‎ D.It aimed to introduce Chinese models.‎ ‎2.What does Hill say about Chinese women？‎ A.They are setting the fashion.‎ B.They start many fashion campaigns.‎ C.They admire super models.‎ D.They do business all over the world.‎ ‎3.What do the underlined words “taking on” in Paragraph 4 mean？‎ A.learning from B．looking down on C.working with D．competing against ‎4.What can be a suitable title for the text？‎ A.Young Models Selling Dreams to the World B.A Chinese Art Exhibition Held in ‎New York C.Differences Between Eastern and Western Aesthetics D.Chinese Culture Fueling International Fashion Trends 题1：题干中的关键词“about the exhibition in New York”，定位于文中第三段。第三段最后一句“The exhibition had record attendance, showing that there is huge interest in Chinese influences.”在纽约的时尚展览出席率创纪录，显示出人们对中国的影响有着巨大的兴趣。由此可判断，此次展览吸引了大量的参观者。选B。‎ 题2：定位到第四段，由关键词“Chinese models ..., which means Chinese women are not just consumers of fashion—they are central to its movement.”可知，中国妇女不仅仅是时尚的消费者，她们也是时尚运动的核心。由此可知，中国妇女正在开创新风尚。选A。‎ 题3：根据第四段中的“... and beating them hands down in design and sales”可知，在设计上和销售上打败了他们。由此可以推知，该短语的意思是“与……竞争”。选D。‎ 题4：文章第一段提到“对于西方设计师来说，中国及其丰富的文化一直是西方创意的灵感源泉。”最后一段提到“对于Hill来说，在谈论时尚时，我们不可能不谈论中国的领先地位。”由此可以推测，本文标题应为“中国文化催生国际时尚潮流”。选D。‎ 考法1　代词指代类——“顺藤摸瓜”法 典例片段　(2019·南京盐城模考)So, now you know what style is, you'll need to buy some clothes. But where? In the UK, you can get really cheap, stylish, secondhand clothes at charity shops. They're great if you want exclusive labels but don't want to pay the price. The only difficulty is discovering where the really good bargains are. But don't worry, Leila Gray can help you here. She's the proud owner of a vintage Hardy Amies coat, picked up at a charity shop for ￡20—a good deal when you realize it cost more than ￡800 new. “You have to go to the richer areas of a city，” she says. “That's where all the labels are. It can take a bit of hunting around, but that is half the fun, and there's a lot of buried treasure just waiting to be discovered.”‎ What does the underlined word “that” in Paragraph 2 refer to？‎ A.Getting clothes of leading brands.‎ B.Buying clothes at rather low prices.‎ C.Searching for really good bargains.‎ D.Starting a charity shop selling clothes.‎ 第一步　锁定内容：‎ 内容与主题语境中的购物有关。‎ 第二步　明确句意：‎ ‎“它可能需要多逛一逛，但这是一半的乐趣，还有很多埋藏的宝藏等待被发现。”‎ 第三步　分析文本：‎ 上文提到“The only difficulty is discovering where the really good bargains are.”唯一困难的是找到有物美价廉商品的地方。该句提到需要多逛一逛，后面提到还会发现宝藏。由此推知，多逛一下就能发现物美价廉的物品。选C。‎ 考法2　词义猜测类——“线索追踪”法 典例片段　(2018·江苏高考，B篇)Lighting matters, too. When Berlin restaurant customers ate in darkness, they couldn't tell how much they'd had: those given extralarge shares ate more than everyone else, but were none_the_wiser—they didn't feel fuller, and they were just as ready for dessert.‎ The underlined phrase “none the wiser” in Paragraph 3 most probably implies that the customers were ________.‎ A.not aware of eating more than usual B.not willing to share food with others C.not conscious of the food quality D.not fond of the food provided 第一步　考查内容：‎ 内容与主题语境有关，即灯光与吃饭多少的关系。‎ 第二步　分析句意：‎ ‎“在昏暗的灯光下顾客无法判断吃了多少食物”，“吃多了也不会觉得饱”，用的是语境理解法。‎ 第三步　对比选项：‎ 文中“ate more than everyone else”和“didn't feel fuller”与选项A中的信息“not aware of eating more than usual”一致，故选A。‎ 考法3　句意猜测类——“意义吻合”法 典例片段　(2019·北京海淀模考)In December 2017, I attended a conference ... I felt fortunate that I hadn't made that many mistakes in my own life.‎ Those women ... failed ... I was starting to feel sorry for them.‎ Then, ... I heard the words: “Don't be so proud of yourself. You haven't made any mistakes because you haven't lived at all. Look how boring your life is.” ...‎ ‎ ... The voice was right. There weren't many at all. I had followed a straight path for 38 years. ... In fact, at 38, I had only had three jobs. “The_devil_(魔鬼)_you_know_is_better_than_the_one_you_don't” was my motto.‎ A quick review of my life made me realize that it was the actions I hadn't taken that I was suddenly regretting ...‎ What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 probably mean? ‎ A.The familiar devil is more frightening.‎ B.Saying “no” is better than saying “yes”.‎ C.It's better to stay within the comfort zone.‎ D.You'd better change your job more frequently.‎ 第一步　主旨大意：‎ 作者本来对自己安逸的生活感到幸运，后来感觉到应该不畏失败，去尝试新的生活。‎ 第二步　分析句意：‎ 关键词“followed a straight path for 38 years”38年来按部就班地生活、工作。座右铭是“安于现状”。‎ 第三步　对比选项：‎ 画线部分与选项C中的信息一致，即“待在舒适区更好些”。‎ ‎ (2019·河南郑州模考)语篇类型：记叙文　主题语境：特色工作 A young Los Angeles actor in need of a second job to pay his bills has come up with a brilliant way to supplement his income—people walking.‎ Chuck McCarthy originally considered becoming a dog walker to earn some extra ‎ cash, but soon realized that the job required more than walking dogs on a leash. However, walking people didn't require much when they were out on walks. Chuck realized there was money to be made if he walked people around Los Angeles instead.‎ It might sound like a joke, but The People Walker, as he calls himself, is very serious about his new job. For $7 per mile, he offers to walk with clients around L．A., listening to their problems or simply making conversations and offering them a sense of security. At 6feet, 2inches, and sporting a bulky figure and bushy beard, Chuck doesn't look like the kind of guy you'd want to mess with.‎ Chuck's services are aimed at people who need a motivational boost to go walking, those who don't feel safe walking alone in some areas, and those who are afraid that people might see them walking by themselves and think that they have no friends. “I wear my The People Walker shirt upon request and on the first walk with a new client, so they can be 100% sure it's me，” McCarthy says. However, he admits some people are a bit uncomfortable with this policy, as they don't necessarily want everyone to know that they're being walked.‎ So far, Chuck McCarthy has already had another five people walkers employed, covering various areas, like downtown L．A., Hollywood, Eagle Rock, or Fairfax. Once he posted signs around the city, his phone started ringing and clients began rolling in. And with all the free publicity he has been getting in the press lately, more requests are coming.‎ While he hopes that his acting career will pick up soon, in the meantime Chuck is very happy with his people walking business. After all, it's literally a walk in the park and it pays the bills.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了一位演员为了生活自创了一份新的工作——陪人们散步、遛弯。‎ ‎1.What does the underlined word “supplement” in Paragraph 1 mean？‎ A.Save. B．Increase.‎ C.Change. D．Invest.‎ 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据该句可知，这位演员需要第二份工作来支付他的账单，所以他想出了一个方法来增加他的收入。因此这里supplement是“增加”的意思。‎ ‎2.Which service of The People Walker isn't mentioned in the text？‎ A.Cheering up the clients.‎ B.Accompanying the clients.‎ C.Buying the clients food.‎ D.Offering a sense of security.‎ 答案：C　推理判断题。根据文中第四段第一句“Chuck's services are aimed at ‎ people who need a motivational boost to go walking, those who don't feel safe walking alone in some areas, and those who are afraid that people might see them walking by themselves and think that they have no friends.”可知，The People Walker可以提供的帮助是使顾客精神振奋，陪伴他们，给予安全感，没有提及给顾客买食物。‎ ‎3.Why do people prefer Chuck to walk without wearing The People Walker shirt？‎ A.To keep the walk comfortable.‎ B.To avoid being recognized.‎ C.To attract more new friends.‎ D.To keep themselves alone.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据文章倒数第三段最后一句“However, he admits some people are a bit uncomfortable with this policy, as they don't necessarily want everyone to know that they're being walked.”可知，人们认为如果他穿着衬衣，会让别人知道他们找了people walker，这样他们会感到不舒服，所以他们更喜欢他不穿这件衬衣。‎ ‎4.What do we know about Chuck McCarthy from the text？‎ A.He has lost confidence in his acting career.‎ B.He hopes to find excitement in people walking.‎ C.He has inspired other people to be more creative.‎ D.He earns more as a people walker than as an actor.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据文中最后一段可知，Chuck从事people walker可以支付他的账单，而做艺人时则支付不起，所以做people walker应该比做艺人挣得多。‎ ‎　‎ client n. 客户；顾客；委托人　a sense of security 安全感　motivational adj. 激发性的；动机的　boost n. 提高，增加；帮助　vt. 促进，推动 ‎　‎ 第四段第一句：Chuck's services are aimed at people who need a motivational boost to go walking, those who don't feel safe walking alone in some areas, and those who are afraid that people might see them walking by themselves and think that they have no friends.‎ 译文：Chuck的服务对象是那些需要动力推动去散步的人，那些在某些地区独自行走感到不安全的人，以及那些害怕人们看到他们独自行走并认为他们没有朋友的人。‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句。who引导定语从句，分别修饰先行词people, those, those。that引导宾语从句，分别作are afraid和动词think的宾语。‎ 专题强化训练(三)‎ ‎(1)‎ ‎(2019·河南八市重点联盟模考)For most of her life, Suanne Laqueur's passion for storytelling was shown on the dance floor.‎ Although Laqueur began writing at a young age, dancing always took center stage. She majored in dance and theater at Alfred University and taught at her mother's dance studio in CrotononHudson, New York, for years. But when her mother was ready to retire and an opportunity opened for Laqueur to take over the studio, she realized she had no interest in taking on the business side of her art: “Owning a studio is a lot of work—financially, logistically. I love the teaching, the choreographing (编舞), the staging, but I didn't want to own it.”‎ Yet Laqueur's disinterest in running the studio changed when she became a selfpublished author. In the fall of 2013, she decided to pursue selfpublishing as a way of sharing her first completed novel with friends and family. During the process, she realized that following her true passion—telling stories through writing—made the business of the art worthwhile, and owning that business meant she could direct her writing career however she chose.‎ Starting with her second selfpublished novel, she began investing more time in marketing and building her audience. Her investment paid off. Since 2014, Laqueur, now 49, has selfpublished six novels, which collectively have hundreds of ratings and reviews on Goodreads. Her 2016 novel An Exaltation of Larks stole_the_show at the 25th Annual Writer's Digest SelfPublished Book Awards, topping more than 2,300 entries to win the grand prize.‎ ‎“You have to write the most truthful story to you, and I think selfpublishing allows that freedom，” she says. “If you work with traditional publishing, it's more about what's marketable. There are tradeoffs, which everyone will tell you, but by selfpublishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I'm cool with that.”‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了舞蹈演员Suanne Laqueur成功自助出版小说的经历。‎ ‎1.From Paragraph 2, we can learn that Laqueur ________.‎ A.wanted to own a publishing house B.didn't like teaching dancing in fact C.was a parttime writer when she was young D.was interested in running her mother's studio 答案：C　细节理解题。依据第二段第一句可知，尽管Laqueur小时候开始写作，舞蹈仍然是她的主要职业。由此可知她年轻时是一名业余作家。‎ ‎2.What made Laqueur change her attitude to business？‎ A.Her mother's persuasion.‎ B.Selfpublishing her novels.‎ C.The desire to make money. ‎ D.Her own passion toward art.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。依据第三段第一句可知，当她自助出版自己的小说时，她对经营工作室的想法改变了。‎ ‎3.Which of the following can best replace the phrase “stole the show” in Paragraph 4？‎ A.became a failure B．was shown to people C.got all the attention D．was accidentally stolen 答案：C　词义猜测题。由后半句“topping more than 2,300 entries to win the grand prize”可知，她2016 年的小说《云雀的崛起》获得第二十五届年度作家文摘自助出版图书奖。由此可推知，她的书获得了所有的关注，C项符合语境。‎ ‎4.What can be inferred from what Laqueur's said？‎ A.She enjoys the way of selfpublishing.‎ B.She will never use traditional publishing.‎ C.Traditional publishing only focuses on the market.‎ D.Selfpublishing will replace traditional publishing.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。依据最后一段中的“I think selfpublishing allows that freedom ... and I'm cool with that”可知，她喜欢自助出版的方式。‎ ‎　‎ passion n. 热爱　logistically adv. 在后勤方面　marketable adj. 畅销的；有销路的 ‎　‎ 最后一段最后一句：There are tradeoffs, which everyone will tell you, but by selfpublishing I have control of the book, I have control of the story, and I'm cool with that.‎ 译文：每个人都会告诉你，任何事情都有利有弊，但是通过自助出版，我能把控整本书和故事的写作。‎ 分析：这是一个含有定语从句的并列复合句，but连接两个分句。在第一个分句中，which引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面的tradeoffs。‎ ‎(2)‎ ‎(原创题)‎ Tips for Running in the Morning There are so many great reasons to run in the morning. It's a great way to wake up ‎ and watch the world awaken with you. This is not to suggest that getting into the habit is easy, especially if you're not a morning person. But there are ways to ease you into the routine and in ways you may even enjoy.‎ ‎◆Teach Yourself Good Sleep Habits Building a morning running habit starts with a good night's sleep. According to the American Sleep Association, you can train yourself to sleep at an earlier hour if you：‎ ‎·Plan to go to sleep at the same time every night.‎ ‎·Avoid TV, reading, or electronic devices an hour before bedtime.‎ ‎·Avoid coffee or alcohol three hours before bedtime.‎ ‎·Have a nightly routine, such as a warm bath, meditation (冥想), or listening to calming music.‎ ‎◆Sleep in Your Running Clothes It's hard to blow_off a run when you're already dressed for it. If you really want to get a jump start and find motivation as soon as you open your eyes, simply wear your running clothes to bed.‎ ‎◆Put Your Alarm Clock out of Reach？‎ When your alarm clock goes off early in the morning, you may want to get a couple of more minutes' sleep. If you're struggling to get up, place the alarm clock across the room so that you have to get out of bed to turn it off. The more steps you put between you and the bed, the less likely you are to fall back asleep.‎ ‎◆Eat Smart It is never good to run on an empty stomach. After a long night's sleep, you have little to draw upon in the way of energy. If you head out the door having eaten nothing at all, you will likely experience tiredness, muscle pain, shortness of breath, and weakness. Worst yet, you may convince yourself that you're “not made for morning runs，” when, in fact, you're not feeding yourself properly.‎ ‎1.According to the writer, which is right for building a morning running habit？‎ A.When to go to bed is not so important.‎ B.Doing some reading just before bed.‎ C.Drinking some coffee or tea to calm.‎ D.Just sitting there thinking nothing at all.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，养成晨跑习惯从睡个好觉开始，再根据第二段最后一句中的“meditation”可知，睡前冥想有助于睡眠，从而有助于培养晨跑习惯。故选D。‎ ‎2.What does the underlined phrase “blow off” mean in Paragraph 3？‎ A.To be taken away by wind. ‎ B.To be removed by explosion.‎ C.To quit something.‎ D.To get out of something.‎ 答案：C　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容可知，当你前一晚上穿着跑步的衣服睡觉，第二天早上已经是穿戴齐全的时候，很难忘记跑步。故选C。‎ ‎3.What is the real purpose to put the alarm clock away？‎ A.In order not to be disturbed.‎ B.To get a few more minutes' sleep.‎ C.In order to protect the alarm clock.‎ D.To get up as soon as possible.‎ 答案：D　推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“The more steps you put between you and the bed, the less likely you are to fall back asleep.”可知，去关闹钟走的步数越多，越容易起床。所以把闹钟放远的真正目的是为了尽快起床，故选D。‎ ‎4.What is the worst result of not eating anything before morning running？‎ A.Feeling unfit for running. ‎ B.Feeling out of breath.‎ C.Feeling very hungry.‎ D.Feeling extremely tired.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句中的“Worst yet, you may convince yourself that you're ‘not made for morning runs’”可知，最坏的结果是，你可能会说服自己，你不适合晨跑。故选A。‎ ‎　‎ routine n. 常规；正常顺序　electronic devices 电子设备　motivation n. 动力，积极性　out of reach 够不着；力量不及 ‎　‎ 第一段第三句：This is not to suggest that getting into the habit is easy, especially if you're not a morning person.‎ 译文：这并不是说养成这个习惯很容易，尤其是如果你不是早起的人。‎ 分析：这是一个主从复合句，if引导条件状语从句。主句中，that引导宾语从句，作suggest的宾语。‎ ‎(3)‎ ‎(2019·广州市模考)The Mona Lisa effect describes the phenomenon where the eyes in a portrait seem to follow the person looking at it, no matter where the person stands in the room. The effect was obviously named after Leonardo da Vinci's famous painting featuring the woman with the mysterious smile and the steady stare. But ‎ ironically (讽刺地), a new study finds that Mona Lisa may not be all that interested in tracking her observers. Two researchers from Bielefeld University in Germany found that the famous subject of the painting, also known as “La Gioconda”， is actually looking just over your right shoulder.‎ For the experiment, Horstmann and his research assistant Sebastian Loth gathered two dozen participants to take a look at the eyes of the painting. But they didn't just ask them if they thought Mona Lisa was looking their way. Instead they displayed part of her face on a computer screen, then asked volunteers to measure her stare using a carpenter's ruler that was held horizontally between them and the screen.‎ Although the computer screen and the participants stayed in the same spot, the ruler was moved closer and farther from the screen during the trial. In addition, the researchers modified the size of Mona Lisa's face and how much of her features were visible to see if that changed the perception of her stare. The images showed varying degrees of rise—from 30 to 70 percent with some showing her entire face and others showing just her eyes and nose.‎ The researchers also moved the images several centimeters to the left and to the right, so the participants wouldn't just pick the same measurement on the ruler each time.‎ Horstmann and Loth published their results in the journal i perception where they were very clear in their conclusion. “We conclude from the measurements that the lack of evidences due to the declaration being objectively false: Mona Lisa does not stare at the viewer，” they wrote. “There is no doubt about the existence of the Mona Lisa effect—it just does not occur with Mona Lisa herself.‎ 篇章导读：本文是一篇说明文。实验证明“蒙娜丽莎效应”并不适用于蒙娜丽莎画像。‎ ‎1.What does the new study find？‎ A.The Mona Lisa effect does exist.‎ B.The reason for Mona Lisa smile.‎ C.What is the origin of the real Mona Lisa.‎ D.Mona Lisa is not straightly looking at the viewer.‎ 答案：D　细节理解题。由第一段最后一句和最后一段可知，蒙娜丽莎并没有直接看着观看她的人。‎ ‎2.What were the participants required to do during the experiment？‎ A.To operate a computer as they moved.‎ B.To measure the direction of the stare with a ruler.‎ C.To count the direction of the stare with a computer.‎ D.To evaluate the distance between each participant.‎ 答案：B　细节理解题。由第二段最后一句可知，参加者被要求用木匠的尺子测量蒙娜丽莎的眼神。‎ ‎3.Which can best replace the underlined word “modified” in Paragraph 3？‎ A.Estimated. B．Changed.‎ C.Enlarged. D．Described.‎ 答案：B　词义猜测题。根据语境可知，此处表示：研究人员还修改了蒙娜丽莎的面部尺寸，以及她有多少面容是可见的，看看这是否改变了她凝视的感觉。‎ ‎4.What do Horstmann and Loth think of the new finding? ‎ A.It's reasonable and clear.‎ B.It's beyond expectation.‎ C.It's short of solid evidence.‎ D.It's consistent with previous studies.‎ 答案：A　推理判断题。由最后一段可知，Horstmann和Loth在杂志上发表了他们的研究结果，他们的结论清晰、合理。‎ ‎　‎ feature n. 面容；特征；特色　horizontally adv. 水平地 perception n. 知觉；感知；洞察力 ‎　‎ 第三段第二句：In addition, the researchers modified the size of Mona Lisa's face and how much of her features were visible to see if that changed the perception of her stare.‎ 译文：此外，研究人员还修改了蒙娜丽莎的面部尺寸，以及她有多少面容是可见的，看看这是否改变了她凝视的感觉。‎ 分析：本句是一个主从复合句，how much引导宾语从句，作动词modified的宾语。在从句中，if又引导宾语从句，作动词see的宾语。‎