【英语】山东省济宁市第一中学2020届高三下学期一轮质量检测试题(解析版)

【英语】山东省济宁市第一中学2020届高三下学期一轮质量检测试题(解析版)

山东省济宁市第一中学2020届高三下学期一轮质量检测 英语试题 第I卷 第一部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)‎ 第一节(共15小题；每小题2.5分。满分37.5分)‎ 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。‎ A Six years ago, Sam Shapiro’s family adopted a 15-year-old boy from Cite Soleil, Haiti. A few years later, in June 2015, Shapiro wanted to learn more about where his brother grew up, so he visited his brother’s hometown.‎ What Shapiro saw was a small city where 100 percent of the population lived in poverty. He saw homeless children with no access to education, activities or safe spaces to play. He also saw a run-down, abandoned basketball court.‎ Shapiro couldn’t fix everything. But he could do something.‎ ‎“I thought athletics could be used to give kids opportunities for organized activities that could keep them off the streets,” said Shapiro.‎ A year after his first visit, Shapiro returned to Cite Soleil with his friend Jack Moe. The next month, Shapiro and Moe- then 16-year-old sophomores (大二学生) at the Blake School – formed a nonprofit, called “Sprint to Cite Soleil”, to benefit the city’s youth.‎ The core program of Sprint to Cite Soleil is basketball, but it also consists of nutrition and community-building to benefit children aged 5 to 18.‎ ‎“Our mission originally was to provide a new basketball court,” said Moe. “But we soon realized that a lot of kids wanted to play basketball, and more than just a court was needed. We sent jerseys, basketballs, basketball pumps and shoes. Hundreds of kids showed up for a clinic.”‎ They soon hired 10 coaches and four cooks to prepare nutritious meals for the 160 boys and girls who train every Saturday and Sunday.‎ And they hired director Joseph Sadrack, a local native, whom Shapiro calls “trustworthy and right for the leadership position ...”‎ From the start, Shapiro, Moe and Sadrack agreed on how the program should develop.‎ ‎“We are very much a partnership,” said Shapiro. “Personally, I’ve seen a lot of organizations trying to help in foreign countries. They have their own mindset and want to do things their way.”‎ ‎“I’m not living there,” he continued. “I don’t know what they need. Before any decision is made, we ask Joseph, ‘What can we do?’ and, ‘What do they need?’”‎ Now sophomores in college - Shapiro at Wake Forest University in North Carolina and Moe at Stanford in California - they continue their work as co-presidents of the nonprofit.‎ Shapiro said it’s been a rewarding experience.‎ ‎“I’m proud that, despite the somewhat of a language and cultural barrier, we’re able to communicate,” said Shapiro. “I’m proud that others believe in us and trust us. That’s what we’re most proud of. Being able to create it and maintain it.”‎ ‎1. Why did Shapiro go to Haiti?‎ A. To visit his brother.‎ B. To do a part-time job.‎ C. To help his family adopt a kid.‎ D. To learn about his brother’s hometown.‎ ‎2. What do we know about Sprint to Cite Soleil?‎ A. It is only run by two American boys.‎ B. It makes profits from the local government.‎ C. It stopped after Shapiro became a sophomore.‎ D. It provides resources for children and teens.‎ ‎3. What does Shapiro learn from the program?‎ A. The language barrier is a big problem.‎ B. It will be great for his future career.‎ C. It is difficult but gives him a good feeling.‎ D. It is too expensive but he will continue.‎ ‎【答案】1. D 2. D 3. C ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。记叙了2015年6月，Shapiro为了了解他哥哥的家乡，去了海地，看到了当地贫困的生活条件，于是第二年他和朋友再次来到这里成立了Sprint to Cite Soleil非营利组织，以造福这个城市的年轻人。文章还介绍了这个组织的发展情况，和人们对此的看法。‎ ‎【1题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第一段中A few years later, in June 2015, Shapiro wanted to learn more about where his brother grew up, so he visited his brother’s hometown.可知几年后，也就是2015年6月，Shapiro想要更多地了解他哥哥在哪里长大，所以他访问了他哥哥的家乡。由此可知，Shapiro去海地是为了去了解他哥哥的家乡。故选D。‎ ‎【2题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第六段The core program of Sprint to Cite Soleil is basketball, but it also consists of nutrition and community-building to benefit children aged 5 to 18.可知Sprint to Cite Soleil的核心项目是篮球，但它也包括营养和社区建设，以造福5至18岁的儿童。由此可知，Sprint to Cite Soleil为儿童和青少年提供资源。故选D。‎ ‎【3题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据最后一段“I’m proud that, despite the somewhat of a language and cultural barrier, we’re able to communicate,” said Shapiro. “I’m proud that others believe in us and trust us. That’s what we’re most proud of. Being able to create it and maintain it.”可知Shapiro说：“我感到自豪的是，尽管存在一定的语言和文化障碍，我们仍然能够进行交流。我很自豪别人相信我们，信任我们。这是我们最引以为傲的。能够创造并维护它。”由此可推知，Shapiro从这个项目中学到虽然很困难的，但这个项目给他一个良好的感觉。故选C。‎ B I still remember I was 11 years old when I asked my mom for piano lessons in 2010. We were in the fallout of the recession (经济衰退). She said a polite “no”.‎ That didn’t stop me. I Googled the measurements for a keyboard, drew the keys on a piece of paper and stuck it on my desk. I would click notes on an online keyboard and “play” them back on my paper one - keeping the sound they made on the computer in my head. I spent six months playing without touching a real piano. Once my mom saw that I was serious, she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons.‎ I still remember the first one. I was struck by how real the sound of the piano was. I sat my grade one after eight lessons. Once I started secondary school, we couldn’t afford lessons again. I passed grade three, then grade five, practicing only on my piece of paper.‎ One evening, when I was about 13, my mom said she had a surprise for me; it was an electronic keyboard, bought with more borrowed money. It was the first time I’d played for her.‎ ‎ She was in shock.‎ My school didn’t offer music A-level. I found the Purcell School for young musicians. The tryouts were difficult. Some of the questions involved an estimation (评价) of the composer or when it was written. I felt overwhelmed. To my amazement I was offered a place.‎ At Purcell, I spent two years working as hard as I could. I performed to raise money and saved enough to buy my first piano.‎ When I left Purcell, I was awarded the senior piano prize and senior academic music prize. I am now at the Guildhall School in London. I feel proud: it’s been 10 years since I drew my paper piano, and I’m at one of the world’s leading music schools.‎ The irony is that I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano: what we call mental practice. The paper piano helped spark my curiosity about how music works, the building blocks that form the pieces.‎ ‎4. Why did the author’s mom buy him lessons at last?‎ A. She suddenly made a fortune. B. She had no doubt of his talent for piano.‎ C. She realized he meant what he said. D. She was shocked by his first performance.‎ ‎5. Which of the following can best describe the author?‎ A. honest and practical. B. determined and hardworking.‎ C. humorous and reliable. D. rebellious and pessimistic.‎ ‎6. The word “irony” in the last paragraph shows that the author was _______.‎ A. surprised B. absurd C. satisfied D. curious ‎7. What’s the author’s main purpose of writing this article?‎ A. To introduce the method of mental practice.‎ B. To share how he convinced his mom to buy a piano.‎ C. To encourage people to stick to their dreams.‎ D. To describe how costly it is to learn an instrument.‎ ‎【答案】4. C 5. B 6. A 7. C ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者从小时候开始酷爱钢琴，但是因为家庭经济原因，买不起、学不起钢琴，通过自己画钢琴格，自学成才，最后进入了理想音乐学府的故事。告诉人们，如果有梦想，一定要坚持下去。‎ ‎【4题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第二段中Once my mom saw that I was serious, she borrowed money and bought me 10 lessons.可知一旦我妈妈发现我是认真的，她就借钱给我买了10节课。由此可知，妈妈看到作者是真的想要学习，不只是玩玩而已，因此被打动了，所以给他买了10堂课。故选C。‎ ‎【5题详解】‎ 推理判断题。结合文章大意可知，作者因为喜欢钢琴，在没有真正的钢琴、付不起钢琴课程的情况下，自己在纸键盘上练习，最后成功进入了世界顶级的音乐学校，因此，可以看出他是有决心的，努力的。故选B。‎ ‎【6题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据后文I continue to do a lot of my practice away from the piano: what we call mental practice.可知作者的很多练习都是在钢琴之外的地方进行的：我们称之为心理练习，这是令人惊讶的。故划线单词意思为“令人惊讶的”。故选A。‎ ‎【7题详解】‎ 推理判断题。结合文意可知，作者在家庭经济不佳的情况下，在纸钢琴上进行练习，最后成功进入了世界顶级音乐学校，是想要告诉大家，我们如果有梦想，一定要坚持下去，才会有成功的希望。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们坚持自己的梦想。故选C。‎ ‎【点睛】写作意图推理判断题。作者一般不直接表明自己的意图，而是通过文章所提供的事实和理论依据，客观地使读者信服某种想法和观点。这种题型要求我们不仅要理解文章的内容，同时还要具备对作者阐述问题的写作手法进行归纳、总结和分析的能力。推测作者的写作意图时，不同体裁的文章有不同的写作目的。故事类记叙文的写作目的通常是娱乐读者（to entertain）；广告类应用文的写作目的是推销产品或服务人们（to persuade）；议论文的写作目的是阐述论点（to argue）；科普文化类说明文的写作目的是介绍知识，帮助大家广闻博见（to inform）。‎ 如第4‎ 小题，结合文意可知，作者在家庭经济不佳的情况下，在纸钢琴上进行练习，最后成功进入了世界顶级音乐学校，是想要告诉大家，我们如果有梦想，一定要坚持下去，才会有成功的希望。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章的主要目的是鼓励人们坚持自己的梦想。故选C。‎ C We say that technology is a double-edged sword -while it brings convenience, it also brings new problems. The sword of “social media” even has a gender preference in its damage: It cuts deeper into girls than boys.‎ Earlier studies have shown that spending too much time on social media is bad for teenagers’ mental health. Constantly watching their friends show off “perfect” lives can hurt their own self-esteem (自尊). That’s not to mention the problems caused by online shaming and bullying (霸凌).‎ Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 2010, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression – showing signs like self-harm and suicide (自杀) - has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at The Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame.‎ For starters, girls use social media more than boys. Boys tend to spend their screen time on games, where they talk to their teammates through headphones. This counts as real human contact. Girls, however, simply type and browse through posts, which is a much more isolated (孤立的) experience. “They’re not having a real-time conversation with someone,” Mary Fristad, psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR.‎ And when it comes to online shaming, girls are also more vulnerable than boys. “Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated (加重) by social media,” wrote Twenge.‎ Shannon McLaughlin, for example, is an 18-year-old from Blackburn College in the US.‎ ‎ She shared with the Guardian how social media made her feel depressed. “I was constantly confronted (面对) by women with skinny bodies who were praised for the way they looked. This was only made worse by the diet fixes and skinny culture,” she said. But McLaughlin found a solution. She started volunteering with the National Citizen Service, where she made face-to-face contact with people. “It’s so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that we’re trying to impress at our fingertips,” she told the Guardian. And she hopes that others “look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them”.‎ ‎8. What did Twenge find in her recent study?‎ A. Overuse of social media harms teenagers’ mental health.‎ B. Social media does more harm to girls than boys.‎ C. Girls suffered more from bullying than boys.‎ D. Online shaming and bullying are to blame for teenagers’ depression.‎ ‎9. Why do girls tend to feel more isolated than boys online, according to Mary Fristad?‎ A. Girls have less real-time interaction with people.‎ B. Playing games allows boys to have more fun than girls.‎ C. Girls suffer more pressure on social media.‎ D. Girls usually desire more contact with others.‎ ‎10. The underlined word “vulnerable” in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to“ ”.‎ A. adjusting oneself well B. fighting back bravely C. being unconcerned about something D. being likely to be at risk of something ‎11. What does McLaughlin advise teenage girls to do?‎ A. Ignore social media and stop following a diet.‎ B. Connect more with the real world.‎ C. Constantly take part in volunteer work.‎ D. Make better use of phones for socializing.‎ ‎【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了在社交媒体方面，女孩子相对于男孩子而言面临更大的压力。研究人员发现自2010年以来，患有严重抑郁症的少女数量的增长速度远远快于男孩。文章分析了这一情况产生的原因以及呼吁青少年们更多地和真实的世界来接触。‎ ‎【8题详解】‎ 推理判断题。根据第三段中Jean Twenge, a professor at San Diego State University in the US, recently discovered an alarming trend: Since 2010, the number of teenage girls who suffer from major depression – showing signs like self-harm and suicide - has increased much faster than that of boys. In an article she wrote at The Conversation, Twenge said social media, again, was to blame.美国圣地亚哥州立大学教授Jean Twenge最近发现了一个令人担忧的趋势：自2010年以来，患有严重抑郁症（表现出自残和自杀等症状）的少女数量的增长速度远远快于男孩，在她写的一篇文章中，Twenge说社交媒体也是罪魁祸首。可知由此可知，Twenge在她最近的研究中发现过度使用社交媒体会损害青少年的心理健康。故选A。‎ ‎【9题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据第四段中Girls, however, simply type and browse through posts, which is a much more isolated experience. “They’re not having a real-time conversation with someone,” Mary Fristad, psychologist at The Ohio State University, told NPR.可知然而，女孩们只是简单地输入和浏览帖子，这是一种更加孤立的体验。俄亥俄州立大学的心理学家Mary Fristad在接受美国国家公共电台采访时表示：“他们并没有和某人进行实时对话。”由此可知，在网上，女孩比男孩更容易感到孤立是因为女孩与人的实时互动较少。故选A。‎ ‎【10题详解】‎ 词义猜测题。根据下文Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated by social media可知女孩们在外貌方面面临更多压力，社交媒体可能会加剧这种压力。故可推知在网络羞辱方面，女孩也比男孩更容易受到伤害。故划线单词意思为“有可能面临某事的危险”。故选D。‎ ‎【11题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“It’s so easy to forget the importance of real connections when we have hundreds of people that we’re trying to impress at our fingertips,” she told the Guardian. And she hopes that others “look up from their phones and focus more on the world around them”.可知她在接受《卫报》采访时表示：“当我们试图用指尖去打动数百人的时候，很容易忘记现实联系的重要性。”她希望其他人“放下手机，更多关注身边的世界”。由此可知，McLaughlin 建议主张女孩子们需要多走进真实的世界，面对面的和人打交道。故选B。‎ ‎【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 ‎ 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to, be called或that's to say, such as等。‎ ‎② 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly, the same as, but, however, while, on the other hand, since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。‎ ‎③ 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。‎ ‎④ 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。‎ ‎⑤ 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。‎ 如第三小题，根据下文Girls face more pressure about their appearance, which could be exacerbated by social media可知女孩们在外貌方面面临更多压力，社交媒体可能会加剧这种压力。故可推知在网络羞辱方面，女孩也比男孩更容易受到伤害。故划线单词意思为“有可能面临某事的危险”。故选D。‎ D On the summer of 1995, a second-year graduate student named Sergey Brin was giving a tour of Stanford University to prospective students. Larry Page, an engineering graduate from the University of Michigan, was one of those being shown around the campus.‎ ‎“We both found each other obnoxious and annoying with strong opinions about things,” said Brin. “But we said it a little bit jokingly. Obviously, we spent a lot of time talking to each other, so there was something there.”‎ The technology of the web at the time meant that people could tell where a webpage linked to just by reading its code. However, to get a complete list of every page to which it linked, they needed to check every other website on the Internet.‎ Page’s “BackRub” project aimed to qualify these backlinks (反向链接). It was a complex task that not only demanded vast computing resources, but also required extremely complex mathematics, which was where the math genius Brin came in.‎ Later Page and Brin came up with the PageRank algorithm - a ranking system which would prove to be a breakthrough idea. And then, BackRub became Google, a play on the term “googol,” meaning “10100.” The system successfully enabled users to search all 24 million pages stored in its database.‎ On September 15, 1997, Google.com was registered. In August 1998, it got its first funding in the form of a check for $100,000 written by Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, to “Google Inc.” But still there were troubles. Later that month, Page and Brin moved into the garage (车库) of friend Susan Wojcicki (now the CEO of YouTube), and received further investment from Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, among others.‎ Early in 1999, Page and Brin attempted to sell Google to Excite, at the time the No. 2 search engine behind Yahoo, for one million dollars. However, even after the pair had been talked down to $750,000, Excite CEO George Bell rejected them. With no buyer in sight, Google started hiring engineers and moved to an office in California in March 1999. In 2001, Eric Schmidt was hired first as chairman and then CEO, leaving Page and Brin to continue developing Google’s products and technologies respectively. By the end of its first decade, Google had effectively won the search engine wars.‎ ‎12. According to the article, what can we learn about Larry Page and Sergey Brin?‎ A. They first met each other when studying at Stanford.‎ B. They found their first encounter rather unpleasant.‎ C. They had no intention of running a business initially.‎ D. They got financial support from Stanford to work on the ranking system.‎ ‎13. Paragraphs 4 to 5 mainly talk about ______.‎ A. what motivated Page to launch the “BackRub” project B. how the “BackRub” project led to the founding of Google C. how the PageRank algorithm worked D. how Brin joined Page in carrying out the “BackRub” project ‎14. According to the article, who did NOT make an investment in Google?‎ ‎①Andy Bechtolsheim. ‎ ‎②Susan Wojcicki.‎ ‎③Jeff Bezos. ‎ ‎④George Bell.‎ A. ①② B. ①③‎ C. ③④ D. ②④‎ ‎15. What may be the best title for the passage?‎ A. The Internet: how it changed the world B. Giant Google: how it beat Excite and Yahoo C. Excite: CEO regretted for refusing the best offer D. Google at 20: how two students changed the Internet ‎【答案】12. C 13. B 14. D 15. D ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了Google的一开始是学生的两个创立者Larry Page和Sergey Brin是如何一步步把谷歌建立起来的。‎ ‎【12题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据前两段内容可知，Larry Page和Sergey Brin两人在参观斯坦福大学的旅行中相遇，有共同话题，但是他们最初没有经营企业的打算。故选C。‎ ‎【13题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。根据第四段中It was a complex task that not only demanded vast computing resources, but also required extremely complex mathematics, which was where the math genius Brin came in.可知这是一项复杂的任务，不仅需要大量的计算资源，还需要极其复杂的数学，这正是数学天才Brin的用武之地。可知第四段主要讲Page的“BackRub”项目需要复杂的运算，数学天才Brin因此加入；以及第五段中And then, BackRub became Google, a play on the term “googol,” meaning “10100.”可知然后，BackRub变成了谷歌，这是“googol”一词的变体，意思是“‎10100”‎。由此可知，第五段主要讲他们逐步建立了Google。由此可知，第4至5段主要讨论“BackRub”项目如何导致了谷歌成立的。故选B。‎ ‎【14题详解】‎ 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中In August 1998, it got its first funding in the form of a check for $100,000 written by Andy Bechtolsheim, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, to “Google Inc.” But still there were troubles. Later that month, Page and Brin moved into the garage of friend Susan Wojcicki (now the CEO of YouTube), and received further investment from Amazon founder Jeff Bezos, among others.可知1998年8‎ 月，它获得了第一笔资金，形式是太阳微系统公司联合创始人Andy Bechtolsheim写给“谷歌公司”的10万美元支票，但仍有麻烦。当月晚些时候，Page和Brin搬进了朋友Susan Wojcicki（现任YouTube首席执行官）的车库，并得到了亚马逊创始人Jeff Bezos等的进一步投资。由此可知，Andy Bechtolsheim，Jeff Bezos都对Google进行投资，只有②④没有对Google进行投资。故选D。‎ ‎【15题详解】‎ 主旨大意题。结合文章主要内容为本文主要讲述了Google的一开始是学生的两个创立者Larry Page和Sergey Brin是如何一步步把谷歌建立起来的。故D选项“谷歌20岁：两名学生如何改变互联网”符合文章标题。故选D。‎ 第二节 (共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)‎ 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。‎ Following the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP), also named COVID -19 by WHO, there is a general fear of the unknown virus as its full effects remain to be seen. Fever, coughing, sore throat, difficulty breathing – the NCP’s symptoms are similar to the common cold or the flu, but it’s potentially more dangerous.‎ Viruses could be deadly, like HIV and Ebola. ____16____ How can they cause so much trouble?‎ Viruses are non-living organisms approximately one-millionth of an inch long. Unlike human cells or bacteria, they can’t reproduce on their own. Instead, they invade the cells of living organisms to reproduce, spread and take over.‎ Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria. ____17____ Sometimes a virus can cause a disease so serious that it is fatal. Other viral infections bring about no noticeable reaction.‎ Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin. ____18____ For example, HIV, which causes AIDS, attacks the T-cells of the immune system.‎ But the basic question is, where did viruses first come from? ____19____ “Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,” Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils (化石) and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded.”‎ However, there are three main theories to explain the origin of viruses. First, viruses started as independent organisms, then became parasites (寄生者). Second, viruses evolved from pieces of DNA or RNA that “escaped” from larger organisms. Third, viruses co-evolved with their host cells, which means they existed alongside these cells.‎ ‎___20___ The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation Continuing studies may provide us with clearer answers.‎ A. But what are viruses?‎ B. For the time being, these are only theories.‎ C. Once inside, they try to find a host cell to infect.‎ D. The answer may be even less satisfactory than it now appears.‎ E. Until now no clear explanation for their origin exists.‎ F. Experts are concerned about the bad effect that it had on people’s health.‎ G. For this reason, they always have the potential to be dangerous to human life.‎ ‎【答案】16. A 17. G 18. C 19. E 20. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。随着新冠肺炎的爆发，新冠肺炎的症状与流感相似。文章主要说明了什么是病毒以及他们为何会造成这么多麻烦。‎ ‎【16题详解】‎ 根据后文How can they cause so much trouble?可知他们怎么能制造这么多麻烦？由此可知，此处与后文同为设问句，提问“什么是病毒”，好引出后文对于病毒的解释。故A选项“但是什么是病毒呢？”符合上下文语境，故选A。‎ ‎【17题详解】‎ 根据上文Viruses can infect every living thing – from plants and animals down to the smallest bacteria.可知病毒可以感染一切生物——从植物和动物到最小的细菌。由此可知，上文是在说明为什么病毒对人类生命造成威胁的原因。故G选项“因此，它们总是有可能对人类的生命构成威胁”符合上下文语境，故选G。‎ ‎【18题详解】‎ 根据上文Viruses lie around our environment all of the time, waiting for a host cell to come along. They can enter our bodies by the nose, mouth, eyes or breaks in the skin.‎ 可知病毒一直潜伏在我们周围，等待宿主细胞的到来。它们可以通过鼻子、嘴巴、眼睛或皮肤上的伤口进入我们的身体。由此可知，本句应当描述病毒进入身体后的行为。其中上文中a host cell可对应到C选项a host cell。故C选项“一旦进入，它们就会试图找到一个要感染的宿主细胞”符合上下文语境，故选C。‎ ‎【19题详解】‎ 根据后文“Tracing the origins of viruses is difficult,” Ed Rybicki, a virologist at the University of Cape Town in South Africa, told Scientific American, “because viruses don’t leave fossils and because of the tricks they use to make copies of themselves within the cells they’ve invaded.”可知南非开普敦大学的病毒学家Ed Rybicki告诉《科学美国人》说:“追踪病毒的起源是困难的，因为病毒不会留下化石，也因为它们在入侵的细胞内复制自身的技巧。”由此可知，病毒的起源目前还没有明确的解释。故E选项“到目前为止，对它们的起源还没有明确的解释”符合上下文语境，故选E。‎ ‎【20题详解】‎ 根据后文The technology and evidence we have today cannot be used to test these theories and identify the most plausible explanation.可知我们今天掌握的技术和证据不能用来检验这些理论，也不能用来找出最合理的解释。由此可知，目前这只是些理论，其中后文these theories可对应到B选项中these are only theories。故B选项“目前，这些只是理论”符合上下文语境，故选B。‎ 第二部分 语言运用 (共两节，满分30分)‎ 第一节 (共15小题；每小题1分， 满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。‎ These days, teenagers often have their noses buried in a cellphone or other electronic devices. They are often so ___21___ with what’s happening on social media that they often ___22___ what’s going on around them.‎ But you ___23___ can’t say that about this 17-year-old. Seeing ___24___ the teen helped an elderly woman who was ___25___ at the Dollar General just restored my ___26___ in our youth!‎ ‎17-year-old Senquavlous Driver joined his ___27___, Connie, for a trip to the Dollar General. They’d put down their shopping and were starting to pull out when Senquavious noticed ‎ a woman in her eighties struggling to get out of her ___28___. She succeeded but was having trouble walking. Senquavious wasted no time coming to the ___29___!‎ The teen jumped out of his aunt’s car without hesitation. He helped the elderly woman to the sidewalk and ___30___ with her into the store. She was there to get soda, but could hardly walk. The woman explained that she’d recently ___31___, hurting her back and face. So, Senquavious stayed with her the whole time, helping her get her shopping done, and then saw her back to her car.‎ His aunt watched on, ___32___ by her nephew’s compassion. She pulled out her cellphone and took some photos. “I was in ___33___ taking pictures because he didn’t hesitate to help her, and that made me happy,” she said.‎ Connie proudly ___34___ the photos of her nephew’s act of ___35___ on Facebook, saying, “I hope he continues to do great things in his life. ”‎ ‎21. A. concerned B. associated C. satisfied D. pleased ‎22. A. remind B. review C. ignore D. notice ‎23. A. generally B. actually C. basically D. certainly ‎24. A. why B. how C. when D. if ‎25. A. moving B. complaining C. struggling D. driving ‎26. A. interest B. faith C. respect D. delight ‎27. A. aunt B. mother C. teacher D. grandma ‎28 A‎. car B. store C. home D. sidewalk ‎29. A. conclusion B. rescue C. end D. point ‎30. A. dealt B. stopped C. continued D. began ‎31. A. driven B. walked C. played D. fallen ‎32. A. amazed B. inspired C. attracted D. touched ‎33. A. sweat B. tears C. relief D. silence ‎34. A. chose B. remembered C. shared D. described ‎35. A. bravery B. kindness C. sympathy D. gratitude ‎【答案】21. A 22. C 23. D 24. B 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. A 29. B 30. C 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. B ‎【解析】‎ 这是一篇记叙文。主要记叙了17岁的少年Senquavlous帮助一位走路吃力的老妇人的故事。‎ ‎【21题详解】‎ 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们经常关注社交媒体上发生的事情，以至于他们经常忽略周围发生的事情。A. concerned关心的；B. associated关联的；C. satisfied满意的；D. pleased高兴的。根据后文with what's happening on social media that they often _____ what's going on around them可知，他们非常关注社交媒体上发生的事情，短语be concerned with表示“关心”。故选A。‎ ‎【22题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们经常关注社交媒体上发生的事情，以至于他们经常忽略周围发生的事情。A. remind提醒；B. review复习；C. ignore忽视；D. notice注意到。他们的注意力都在社交媒体上，所以会忽视身边正在发生的事情。故选C。‎ ‎【23题详解】‎ 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但你肯定不能这么说这个17岁的孩子。A. generally通常；B. actually实际上；C. basically基本上；D. certainly当然。根据下文他帮助那个老妇人的情节可知，你肯定不会这么说这个17岁的孩子。故选D。‎ ‎【24题详解】‎ 考查连接词辨析。句意：看到这个十几岁的孩子如何帮助一个挣扎着从车里出来的老妇人，我对我们的年轻一代充满了信心。A. why为什么；B. how如何；C. when当……时候；D. if如果。此处为宾语从句，从句中缺少方式状语，故应用how。故选B。‎ ‎【25题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：看到这个十几岁的孩子如何帮助一个挣扎着从车里出来的老妇人，我对我们的年轻一代充满了信心。A. moving移动；B. complaining抱怨；C. struggling挣扎；D. driving驾驶。根据下文Senquavlous noticed a woman in her eighties struggling to get out of her car可知，这个老妇人在挣扎着从车里出来。故选C。‎ ‎【26题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到这个十几岁的孩子如何帮助一个挣扎着从车里出来的老妇人，我对我们的年轻一代充满了信心。A. interest兴趣；B. faith信心，信仰；C. respect尊重；D. delight高兴。上文说人们的注意力都在社交媒体上以至于忽视身边正在发生的事情，而这个少年帮助老妇人的行为让我对我们的年轻一代充满了信心。故选B。‎ ‎【27题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：17岁的Senquavlous Driver和他的阿姨Connie一起去了Dollar General购物。A. aunt阿姨；B. mother母亲；C. teacher老师；D. grandma祖母。根据下文中的“The teen jumped out of his aunt's car”可知，他是和自己的阿姨Connie一起去购物的。故选A。‎ ‎【28题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们结束购物，正准备离开时，Senquavious注意到一位80多岁的老太太正挣扎着从车里出来。A. car汽车；B. store商店；C. home家；D. sidewalk人行道。根据上文They’d put down their shopping and were starting to pull out可推知，他们是结束购物，正准备开车离开时看到这个老太太正挣扎着从车（car）里出来的。其他选择不符合语境。故选A。‎ ‎【29题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Senquavious立即前来援助！A. conclusion结论；B. rescue援助，营救；C. end结束；D. point要点。根据下文情节可知，Senquavious立刻去援助这个80多岁的老妇人。故选B。‎ ‎【30题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他把老妇人扶到人行道上，继续跟着她进了商店。A. dealt处理；B. stopped停止；C. continued继续；D. began开始。根据后文with her into the store可知，把老妇人扶到人行道上后他并没有马上离开，而是继续把她送进商店。故选C。‎ ‎【31题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这名女子解释说，她最近摔倒了，背部和脸部都受了伤。A. driven驾驶；B. walked走路；C. played玩耍；D. fallen摔倒。根据本空后的“hurting her back and face”可知，这个老妇人最近摔倒过一次。故选D。‎ ‎【32题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的阿姨在一旁看着，被侄儿的怜悯心感动了。A. amazed大为惊奇的；B. inspired受到鼓舞的；C. attracted被吸引的；D. touched感动的。看到Senquavious热心地帮助老妇人，姑姑一定深受感动。故选D。‎ ‎【33题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我哭着拍照片，因为他毫不犹豫地帮助她，这让我很开心，”她说。A. sweat汗水；B. tears眼泪；C. relief减轻；D. silence沉默。上文说看到Senquavious的行为让姑姑深受感动，此处是说姑姑被感动得流泪了。故选B。‎ ‎【34题详解】‎ 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Connie自豪地在Facebook上分享了她侄子的善举，她说:“我希望他能继续在他的生活中做伟大的事情。”A. chose选择；B. remembered记得；C. shared分享；D. described描述。根据本空后the photos of her nephew's act of _____ on Facebook.可知，姑姑在脸书上分享了侄子善行的照片。故选C。‎ ‎【35题详解】‎ 考查名词词义辨析。句意：Connie自豪地在Facebook上分享了她侄子的善举，她说:“我希望他能继续在他的生活中做伟大的事情。”A. bravery勇敢；B. kindness善举；C. sympathy同情；D. gratitude感激。帮助别人是一种善行。故选B。‎ 第II卷 第二节 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)‎ 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。‎ Beijing Hutong The real culture of Beijing ___36___(lie) in the culture of Hutong and Siheyuan (courtyards). How true it is! They have special appeal___37___ tourists at home and abroad.‎ Hutong is the name___38___ (give) to a narrow lane or small street between rows of courtyards, where Beijingers lived in the past. When___39___ (view) from the air, one can see that lanes are like a chessboard with delicate gardens, fine rockeries and ancient ruins which make them a wonder in the world.‎ Once one enters any of the lanes, one can feel the deep and warm relationships among people, ___40___ is rarely found in this modern world. On account of the lanes, every house is connected to the other, allowing the local people ___41___(keep) in touch with their neighbors.‎ In the lanes one can experience the life of the ___42___(local). The public bathrooms and toilets can ___43___(find). Shops sell all kinds of goods that satisfy the local people's daily needs.‎ Gossiping in these lanes is a common scene as it is the main way for people to ___44___(strength) their relationship.Where there is such a lane, there is a story.‎ If one wants to explore the culture and experience Beijing Hutong food and Hutong shopping, a Hutong tour is ___45___ must-see.‎ ‎【答案】36. lies 37. to 38. given 39. viewing 40. which 41. to keep ‎ ‎42. locals 43. be found 44. strengthen 45. a ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇说明文。这篇短文讲的是北京胡同名字的由来，其间人们的友好关系等，介绍了北京胡同对于北京文化的重要性。‎ ‎【36题详解】‎ 考查动词时态。lie in意为“位于，在于”，整篇文章采用一般现在时的叙述，主语是“culture”，为单数，故用一般现在时的第三人称单数。故填lies。‎ ‎【37题详解】‎ 考查介词。根据短语appeal to表示“吸引”。故填to。‎ ‎【38题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知give在句中作非谓语动词，与逻辑主语name构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填given。‎ ‎【39题详解】‎ 考查省略句。在when连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。本句完整为When one is viewing from the air。故填viewing。‎ ‎【40题详解】‎ 考查定语从句。此处为非限定性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，且从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导。故填which。‎ ‎【41题详解】‎ 考查非谓语动词。根据短语allow sb. to do sth.表示“允许某人做某事”，后跟不定式。故填to keep。‎ ‎【42题详解】‎ 考查名词的数。句意：在胡同里，你可以体验当地人的生活。此处local为可数名词，此处结合句意应用复数形式。故填locals。‎ ‎【43题详解】‎ 考查动词时态语态。本句中find和主语之间是被动关系，情态动词can后面用动词原形。故填be found。‎ ‎【44题详解】‎ 考查动词。句意：在这些巷子里闲聊是很常见的场景，因为这是人们加强关系的主要方式。应用strength的动词形式即strengthen，意为“加强，增强”，故填strengthen。‎ ‎【45题详解】‎ 考查冠词。句意：如果一个人想要探索北京胡同文化，体验北京胡同美食和胡同购物，胡同之旅是一个必看的景点。此处must-see为可数名词，表示泛指应用不定冠词，且must-see为辅音音素开头的单词。故填a。‎ ‎【点睛】状语从句中的省略 ‎(1)在when, while, if, as if, though(或although), as, until, once, whether, unless, where等连词连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。如：‎ When (water is) pure, water is a colorless liquid. 水纯净时，是无色的液体。‎ When (I am) in trouble I always turn to her for help. 我困难时总是找她帮助。‎ Errors, if (there are) any, should be corrected. 如果有什么错误，就应当改正。‎ Wood gives much smoke while (wood is) burning. 木头燃烧时放出大量烟雾。‎ The letter is to be left here until (it is) called for. 这封信留在这里待领。‎ Henry looked about as if (he were) in search of something. 亨利向四周环视，似乎在寻找什么。‎ She studies very hard though (she is) still rather weak. 她尽管体弱，但学习仍十分努力。‎ ‎(2)“when(或if, where, wherever, whenever, as soon as, as fast as, than等)+possible/necessary等”，中间省略了it is(或was)。如：‎ Answer these questions, if (it is) possible without referring to the book. 如果有可能，请不看书回答这些问题。‎ When (it is) necessary you can help us to do something. 必要时你可以帮助我们做些事。‎ 如第四小题，在when连接的状语从句中，常省略跟主句相同的主语和be动词。本句完整为When one is viewing from the air。故填viewing。‎ 第三部分 写作(共两节, 满分40分)‎ 第一节 (满分15分)‎ ‎46.假如你是李华,你的英国朋友Terry一直关注你所在城市的新冠状肺炎（COVID-19）疫情，他来信询问你的健康和高考备考情况，请你回复邮件，要点如下：‎ ‎1. 表示感谢；‎ ‎2. 空中课堂；‎ ‎3. 人生感悟。‎ 注意：1. 词数80左右；‎ ‎2. 可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。‎ 参考词汇：air class ‎___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】1：‎ Dear Terry,‎ Knowing that you are concerned about my health and preparations for the college entrance exam, I'm writing to inform you of some relevant information.‎ To make full use of our limited time, our school has been providing us with air classes, which definitely assists me a lot in my studies. Moreover, despite the inconvenience and damage caused by the COVID19, I get inspired by my country's unity and feel more prepared for the College Entrance Exam, for I have learned that we can devote ourselves to our dream no matter where we are and how difficult the obstacle we are facing is. Additionally, I definitely appreciate your concern.‎ Looking forward to your earliest response.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎2：‎ Dear Terry,‎ Knowing that you are concerned about my present state, I'm more than grateful and relieved.‎ Fortunately, I'm now free of the invasion of the virus and our studies are gradually coming back on track. Thanks to developed technologies and responsible teachers, online lessons are available every day, ensuring our efficiency and passion. During the quiet war without blood, the era has witnessed millions of touching figures, who courageously rescued others at the expense of their families and even lives. With the whole nation tightened into one string, our motherland will soon come back to life.‎ Looking forward to your reply.‎ Yours,‎ Li Hua ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇提纲类写作。‎ ‎【详解】第1步：根据提示可知，假如你是李华,你的英国朋友Terry一直关注你所在城市的新冠状肺炎（COVID-19）疫情，他来信询问你的健康和高考备考情况，请你回复邮件，要点如下：1. 表示感谢；2. 空中课堂；3. 人生感悟。‎ 第2步：根据写作要求，确定关键词（组）：be concerned about (关心)；preparations for(做准备)；the college entrance exam(高考)；make full use of (充分利用)；obstacle(障碍)等。‎ 第3步：根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。此处文章主要应用一般现在时。‎ 第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。‎ ‎【点睛】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如Knowing that you are concerned about my health and preparations for the college entrance exam, I'm writing to inform you of some relevant information.非谓语动词的运用；To make full use of our limited time, our school has been providing us with air classes, which definitely assists me a lot in my studies.运用了非限定性定语从句。全文中没有中国式英语的句式，显示了很高的驾驭英语的能力。另外文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。‎ 第二节 (满分25分)‎ ‎47.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。‎ My name is John and I must share with you an event which took place on Flight 1553 out of DCA. My wife and I were traveling to Miami to celebrate an achievement for her and as you can imagine, we were looking forward to fun, sun and laughter.‎ We boarded the aircraft, without a care in the world. It was cold in Washington and we were ready for Florida.‎ Shortly after taking my seat, I began to feel sick. I knew something wasn’t right but just ‎ couldn't find out what was happening.Being a doctor and a stubborn man, I resisted efforts by my wife to call for assistance. As the aircraft began its departure roll, I lost consciousness for a short amount of time.‎ As I came around, I quickly realized a few things. Firstly, something very bad had happened to me. Secondly, the aircraft was too heavy with the fuel to go back home. Thirdly, my loss of consciousness had been so deep that I found myself out of control. So not only did I have a medical issue to deal with, but I also had to figure out how to deal with an embarrassing experience.‎ My wife gathered the crew as soon as it was safe to move about and I made my way to the washroom to attempt to clean up. I did my best and the flight crew members were so supportive, checking on me often and reassuring me that there was nothing to be embarrassed about.‎ It was their sympathy and support that helped me so much. During the flight they kept watching over me and I suddenly had a small group of nurses, bringing blankets, food, drinks and caring and smile. I was thankful to them.‎ Paragraph 1：‎ Upon landing, I remained in my seat, allowing other people to go first. ‎ ‎____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ Paragraph 2：‎ Hearing that, the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________‎ ‎【答案】‎ ‎【参考范文1】‎ Paragraph 1：‎ Upon landing, I remained in my seat, allowing other people to go first. As I was in my seat, I looked up and see the captain standing with a warm smile. “What can I do for you?” the captain asked. I told him I was OK. I was very embarrassed and concerned because of the previous things. He said, “What sizes of pants do you wear?” His voice was full of care. I was puzzled and replied, “34*34. Why do you ask this?”‎ Paragraph 2：‎ Hearing that, the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans. The man opened his own luggage and gave a complete stranger his pants. I didn’t know what to say. Then I looked at my wife, who smiled and, without saying a word, let me know it was OK. I made my way to the exit and he said, “Change on the aircraft. It is fine.” Because of the experience, I was thankful to him for his kindness. I made up my mind to treat others with kindness.‎ ‎【参考范文2】‎ Paragraph 1：‎ Upon landing, I remained in my seat, allowing other people to go first.Tired and weak, I collapsed to the back seat,closing my eyes. Shortly afterwards, all the people left the plane, apart from my wife and I. Sensing my conformable situation, the captain made his way to me, holding a cup of water. "Thank you.”I murmured. Much to my surprise, upon hearing this, his face lit up. A slow smile worked its way across his face and into his eyes. "Anything needed?” he asked in a gentle voice, warmly and kindly. Looking at my dirty trousers, I threw a grateful smile to him, “Maybe a pair of jeans?"‎ Paragraph 2：‎ Hearing that, the captain left and returned a couple minutes later with a pair of his own blue jeans. The instant I saw the jeans, blood rushed to my head immediately. Deeply touched by his kind action, I felt grateful. My tears welled up in my eyes uncontrollably.."Thank you, thank you…" I couldn't' help extending my gratitude to him. Seeing that I became energetic again, he touched my shoulder, eyes glittering with excitement. After he left it dawned on me that he even didn’t give me his name! Never had I anticipated that kindness could inject such great power into others, and in return, I was determined to pass on the love!‎ ‎【解析】‎ ‎【分析】‎ 这是一篇读后续写作文。‎ ‎【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要讲述了一个发生在1553航班上的事件。作者刚上飞机时感到恶心，身体不适，但是拒绝让妻子给自己寻求帮助。当飞机开始起飞时，作者有一小段时间失去了知觉。作者意识到问题的严重性，一到安全的地方，妻子就召集了所有的乘务人员，他们为作者做了检查提供了许多帮助。‎ 续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：飞机一着陆，我就留在座位上，让别人先走。所以后文应该是讲述飞机着陆后，作者和机长的对话，机长问作者穿几号的裤子，作者很困惑地回答了他。第二段开头是：听到这个消息，船长离开了，几分钟后带着他自己的蓝色牛仔裤回来了。本段应该写机长将自己的裤子给了作者，因为这次经历，作者感激他的好意，下定决心要善待他人。‎ 最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。按要求完成写作任务。‎ ‎【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：because of, be full of care, make up one’s mind等高级词汇；非谓语动词的运用As I was in my seat, I looked up and see the captain standing with a warm smile.；非限定性定语从句Then I looked at my wife, who smiled and, without saying a word, let me know it was OK.等高级句式。‎