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2020届二轮复习语法突破考点五形容词和副词课件(广东专用)
考点五 形容词和副词 - 2 - - 3 - 第 1 步 技法探究 一、与形容词同形的副词 一般情况下形容词词尾加 - ly 可以构成副词 , 但英语中也有一类副词 , 不是以 - ly 结尾 , 而是与形容词同形 , 这两种同根的副词意义大都不同。 (1) 通常与形容词同形的副词表示直接、具体意义 ,- ly 结尾的副词表示抽象意义。常用的这类副词有 : - 4 - 例 :An eagle is circling high overhead. The government thinks highly of his invention. 例 :She opened her mouth wide so that the doctor could see clearly. These school rules are widely regarded as too strict. 例 :The scientists went deep into the cave. We were all deeply moved by his story. (2) 也有一些这样的副词意义毫无关联。 1.hard;hardly hard 努力地 ; 艰苦地 hardly 几乎不 例 :She worked hard and succeeded eventually. 例 :He was so weak that he could hardly say a word. - 5 - 2.late;lately late“ 晚 ; 迟 ”, 是具体的时间晚了、迟到了 ;lately“ 近来 ; 最近 ; 前不久 ” 。 例 :Tom arrived late and missed the beginning of the meeting. 例 :The old man has been doing a lot of gardening lately. 3.most;mostly most“ 十分 ; 非常 ; 很 ” mostly“ 大部分地 ; 主要地 ” 。 例 :This is a most beautiful park. 例 :She uses her car mostly for going to work. - 6 - 二、形容词和副词的比较等级 - 7 - - 8 - 例 :Tom sings as well as that famous singer. 例 :He doesn ’ t play the piano as well as his father. 例 :She looks younger than her younger sister. 例 :He learns more quickly than his roommates. 例 :The more he studies,the happier he feels. 例 :The girl becomes more and more excited. 例 :The taller one of the two girls is my deskmate . 例 :Of all the students in this class,Mary is the best. 例 :How beautifully she draws!I have never seen a better picture. - 9 - 三、通过倍数的修饰来表示比较意义的句式 (1)... 倍数 +as...as... 例 :Your school is three times as big as ours. (2)... 倍数 + 比较级 +than... 例 :Your school is three times bigger than ours. (3)... 倍数 +the size( height,width,length,etc .)of... 例 :Your school is three times the size of ours. (4) 倍数 +what 从句 例 :Our average income is almost five times what we earned five years ago. (5) 比较级 +than...+by+ 倍数 例 :The population of this city is larger than that of our city by three times. - 10 - 四、熟记构词法 —— 形容词、副词 1. 名词变形容词的方法 (1) 一些名词 , 包括一些与 “ 天气 ” 有关的名词 , 后面加 -y 可变成形容词。如 :rain— rainy,cloud — cloudy,wind — windy,snow —snowy 等。 注意 : 第一 , 以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字母的名词 , 将其变为形容词时须双写词尾的辅音字母再加 -y 。如 :sun— sunny,fun —funny 等。第二 , 少数以不发音的 -e 结尾的名词变为形容词时 , 应去掉 -e, 再加 -y 。如 :noise— noisy,ice —icy 等。 (2) 一些抽象名词在其词尾加 - ful 可以变为形容词。如 :care— careful,help — helpful,use —useful 等。 (3) 一些表示国家的名词可以在其词尾加 - ese 或 -n 构成形容词。如 :Japan— Japanese,America — American,Australia —Australian 等。注意 :Canada— Canadian,China — Chinese,England —English 。 - 11 - (4) 在名词后加 - ous 变成形容词。如 :danger—dangerous 等。 (5) 在名词后加 - ly 变成形容词。如 :friend— friendly,love —lovely 等。 (6) 在名词后加 -less 变成含有否定意义的形容词。如 :care—careless( 粗心的 ),use—useless( 无用的 ),hope—hopeless( 没希望的 ),home—homeless( 无家可归的 ) 等。 (7) 一些以 - ence 结尾的名词 , 把 - ence 改为 - ent 变成形容词。如 :difference— different,silence —silent 等。 (8) 在名词后加 -al 或去掉 -e 再加 -al 或 ial 构成形容词。如 :critic— critical,nature — natural,crime —criminal 等。 - 12 - 2. 形容词变副词的方法 : (1) 一般在形容词的词尾加 - ly 将其变成副词。如 :quick— quickly,slow — slowly,loud — loudly,sudden —suddenly 等。 (2) 一些以辅音字母加 y 结尾的形容词 , 要把 -y 改为 - i , 再加 - ly 。如 :happy— happily,angry — angrily,lucky — luckily,heavy — heavily,noisy —noisily 等。 (3) 有些以 - ble 或 -le 结尾的形容词 , 去掉 -e 再加 -y 。如 :possible— possibly,terrible —terribly 等。 (4) 少数以 -e 结尾的形容词 , 要去掉 -e 再加 - ly 。如 :true—truly 等。但绝大多数以 -e 结尾的形容词仍然直接加 - ly 。如 :polite— politely,wide —widely 等。 (5) 以 -l 结尾的形容词要在词尾加 - ly , 以 - ll 结尾的形容词要在词尾加 -y 。如 :usual— usually,careful — carefully,useful — usefully,full —fully 等。 - 13 - 第 2 步 真题试做 1 .(2019· 广东 )He would become much (rich), build a big house and marry a pretty woman. 2 .(2019· 广东 )While he was lost in thought, (unlucky), he fell over a stone and all the eggs dropped onto the ground. 3 .(2018· 广东 )Some robots can “see” (clear), for they use TV cameras as their eyes. richer 解析 : much 放在比较级前面修饰比较级加强语气 , 故答案为 richer 。 unluckily 解析 : 句意 : 当他陷入沉思时 , 不幸的是 , 他跌倒在一块石头上 , 所有的鸡蛋都掉到了地上。副词修饰整个句子 , 结合句意可知答案为 unluckily 。 clearly 解析 : 此处用副词 clearly 修饰动词 see 。 - 14 - 4 .(2018· 广东 )In the future, with the aid of robots, our life will become much (easy) than before. 5 .(2017· 广东 )Lucy is the creative person I know. 6 .(2017· 广东 )It is not an easy job,but Lucy does it (proper). 7 .(2018· 课标高考 Ⅰ )According to a review of evidence in a medical journal, runners live three years (long) than non-runners. easier 解析 : 根据空后的 than 可知 , 此处用 easy 的比较级 easier 。 most 解析 : 由 I know 可知此处应用形容词最高级 , 故填 most 。 properly 解析 : 副词修饰动词 does, 故填 properly 。 longer 解析 : 后面有 than 提示 , 故填比较级 longer 。 - 15 - 8 .(2018· 课标高考 Ⅰ )Running is cheap, easy and it’s always (energy). 9 .(2018· 课标高考 Ⅱ )A taste for meat is (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. 10 .(2018· 课标高考 Ⅱ )According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption. energetic 解析 : 作表语 , 故填形容词 energetic 。 actually 解析 : 此处用副词形式作句子的状语。 global 解析 : 修饰后面的名词并作定语 , 故用形容词形式。 11 .(2018· 课标高考 Ⅲ )He screams the (loud) of all. loudest 解析 : 由 of all 表示范围可知 , 此处应用副词 loud 的最高级形式。 - 16 - 12 .(2018· 浙江 6 月高考 )The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be (afford) but doing this most days adds up. 13 .(2018· 浙江 6 月高考 )There could be an even (high) cost on your health. affordable 解析 : 根据语境 “ 每周外出就餐一两次可能是支付得起的 ” 可知 , 此处需要用 afford 的形容词形式 affourdable 作表语。 higher 解析 : 根据 even 并结合语境 “ 更高的代价 ” 可知 , 需要用 high 的比较级形式 higher 。 14 .(2017· 课标高考 Ⅰ )Even (bad), the amount of fast food that people eat goes up. worse 解析 : 句意 : 更糟糕的是 , 人们吃的食物总量增加了。 even more“ 更糟糕的是 ”, 是固定用法。 - 17 - 15 .(2017· 课标高考 Ⅰ )However, be (care) not to go to extremes. careful 解析 : 由 be 可知此处用形容词形式。 - 18 - 第 3 步 模拟通关 1 .(2019· 广东揭阳高二期中 )It is welcomed by most people due to (vary)reasons. 2 .(2019· 广东东莞高二期中 )The rubbish bag was (total)full by the time I got back to my hotel. 3 .(2019· 广东深圳高二阶段检测 )He was very good- looking,with a very pleasant,sociable manner,and after the introductions,conversation flowed most (enjoy)in the little group. various 解析 : 此处表示 “ 由于各种原因 , 网上购物受到了大多数人的欢迎 ”, 名词前应用形容词作定语 , 故填 various 。 totally 解析 : 此处表示 “ 垃圾箱完全满了 ”, 修饰形容词 full, 应用副词。 enjoyably 解析 : 根据句子结构可知 flow 是不及物动词 , 后面只能用副词修饰。 - 19 - 4 .(2019· 广东中山三校联考 )Bingley was clearly most interested in Jane Bennet,and started talking particularly to her.Darcy , ,was just determining not to look at Elizabeth,when he suddenly noticed the stranger. 5 .(2019· 广东佛山联考 )First of all,let me (proper) introduce myself. 6 .(2019· 广东肇庆模拟 ) Also,those who dream during a good night’s sleep are more likely to remember (new)learned skills. however 解析 : 根据前后两个句子的意思可知 , 后一句与前一句表示相反的意思。 properly 解析 : 此处修饰谓语动词 introduce, 故填副词 properly 。 newly 解析 : 此处 newly 修饰 learned, 表示 “ 新学的 ” 。 - 20 - 7 .(2019· 广东珠海模拟 )In other words,you can learn (good) if you dream. 8 .(2019· 广东惠州部分学校联考 )If they have been caught several times playing video games at work,their salary may be cut,and even (bad),they may lose their jobs. 9 .(2019· 广东汕头九校联考 )But what can I do to get sleep (easy)? better 解析 : 根据语意可知 , 此处暗含比较含义 , 故填 better 。 worse 解析 : 根据句意可知此处暗含比较的含义 , 表示 “ 更糟糕的是 …… ”, 故填 worse 。 easily 解析 : 此处修饰不定式 to get sleep, 在句中作状语 , 故填 easily 。 - 21 - 10 .(2019· 广东汕头期末考试 )Factories have become cleaner as (strict)environment pollution laws have been introduced. 11 .(2019· 广东江门五校联考 )So his mother,who was (will) to pay for his education,brought him home to look after the sheep. 12 .(2019· 广东茂名三校联考 )During his childhood he spent much of his time inventing and building toys,and did not do particularly (good)at school. stricter 解析 : 根据前面的 cleaner 和句意可知 , 此处表示 “ 更严格的 …… ”, 故填 stricter 。 unwilling 解析 : 根据后面的 “brought him home to look after the sheep” 可知 , 此处表示 “ 不愿意的 ”, 填 unwilling 。 well 解析 : 此处需用副词修饰前面的动词 do, 故填 well 。 - 22 - 13 .(2019· 广东汕头模拟 )Of all living things,human beings are the (clever). 14 .(2019· 广东肇庆二检 )There are (amaze) things in the world. 15 .(2019· 广东湛江月考 )It seems that she is (thin) than before. cleverest/most clever 解析 : 根据比较范围 of all living things 可知 , 此处有最高级意义 , 表示 “ 最聪明的 ” 。 amazing 解析 : 修饰表示事物的名词 things, 说明其特性 , 故填形容词 amazing“ 令人惊叹的 ” 。 thinner 解析 : 由 than 可知本空填比较级 ,thin 的比较级形式为 thinner 。查看更多