【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题第六讲特殊句式学案

【英语】2020届二轮复习语法专题第六讲特殊句式学案

第六讲　特殊句式 ‎1.(2016·江苏卷)Not until recently ________ the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.‎ A.they had encouraged B.had they encouraged C.did they encourage D.they encouraged 答案　C　[句意：直到最近他们才鼓励农村地区发展与旅游相关的活动。根据句首的Not until recently可知，本句要用倒装形式，先排除A和D，B为过去完成时，显然与语境不符。故选C。]‎ ‎2.(2013·江苏卷)“Never for a second，” the boy says, “________ that my father would come to my rescue.”‎ A.I doubted B.do I doubt C.I have doubted D.did I doubt 答案　D　[句意：这个男孩说：“我从来没有怀疑过我爸爸会来救我。”表示否定意义的短语never for a second位于句首，句子需要部分倒装，根据句意可知男孩是在回忆父亲救他时的情景，因此用一般过去时态，答案为D。]‎ ‎3.(2012·江苏卷)There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，________？‎ A.is there B.isn’t there C.is he D.isn’t he 答案　A　[根据前面there be 句里的little可知，附加疑问部分用肯定形式，其主谓应与陈述部分的主谓保持一致，故选A项。]‎ ‎4.(2011·江苏卷)It sounds like something is wrong with the car’s engine.________， we’d better take it to the garage immediately.‎ A.Otherwise B.If not C.But for that D.If so 答案　D　[句意：听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。otherwise否则，要不然；if not如果不这样的话；but for that要不是因为那样；if so如果这样的话。根据句意可知D项符合句意。]‎ 特殊句式很重要，标记词汇要记牢。强调句中看句式，出现it is/was要盯梢。倒装结构细分辨，副词置于句最前，否定意义风向标。‎ ‎1.还原法 一般说来，对于一些特殊的句型，我们可以把它们还原为正常的句型，如把倒装句还原为陈述句等。‎ ‎2.结构分析法 在一些试题中要注意区别一些特殊的句型，如倒装句、强调句、反义疑问句、祈使句等。‎ ‎3.固定句型判断法 在平时的学习中，要掌握各种句型，注意积累一些经典的句型，把它们运用到日常写作中，以达到真正掌握的目的。‎ 一、部分倒装的10个重要的固定句型 ‎1.so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语 “……也是如此”。‎ They love having lots of friends；so do those with disabilities.‎ 他们喜欢交很多朋友，那些有残疾的人也是如此。‎ ‎2.neither/nor＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语“……也不这样”。‎ Lily can’t ride；neither/nor can Lucy.‎ 莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。‎ ‎3.So＋adj./adv....that.../Such＋adj.＋n....＋that...“如此……以至于……”。‎ So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.‎ 他说英语如此清晰以至于别人都听得懂。‎ ‎4.Neither...，nor...“……不……，……也不……”。‎ Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.‎ 我不知道这件事，也不关心。‎ ‎[名师点津]　由于neither和nor都是否定词，所以其后面的分句均需倒装。‎ ‎5.Not only...，but also...“不仅……而且……”。‎ Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.‎ 不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要帮助的人提供医疗保健服务。‎ ‎6.Not until...“直到……才……”。‎ Not until he returned did we have supper.‎ 直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。‎ ‎7.hardly...when...；no sooner...than...“刚……就……”等引导两个句子时，前一个句子用部分倒装，后一个句子不倒装。‎ Hardly/Scarcely had he heard the news when he began to cry.‎ 他一听到这个消息就哭了。‎ ‎8.only＋副词/介词短语/状语从句＋主句倒装 Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.叫了三次，他才来参加会议。‎ ‎9.adj./adv./n./v.＋as＋主语＋……‎ Much as I admire his courage, I don’t think he acted wisely.‎ 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但我认为他这样做是不聪明的。‎ Boy as he was, he was chosen king.‎ 尽管他还是个孩子，但却被立为国王。‎ ‎10.Had/Were/Should＋主语＋..., 主句……‎ Had you come yesterday, you would have seen him.‎ 若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。‎ 二、强调句型 ‎1.强调句型的特殊句式 强调句型的特殊句式 结构构成 一般疑问句 Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋句子其他部分？‎ 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that＋句子其他部分？‎ not until句式 It is/was not until...＋that＋句子其他部分 not...but...句式 It is not...but...that...‎ What is it that you want me to do?‎ 你要我做什么？‎ I didn’t realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.‎ ‎→It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film ‎ star.‎ 直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。‎ ‎[名师点津]　用助动词do，does或did来强调谓语动词，用于一般现在时和一般过去时的肯定的陈述句中，do还可以用于祈使句。‎ Do be careful while crossing the street.‎ 过马路时一定要当心。‎ ‎2.强调句型与其他从句的区别 ‎(1)强调句型与定语从句的区别 It was in the factory where he worked that I got to know him.‎ 正是在他工作的那家工厂里我开始认识了他。‎ ‎(where引导定语从句；that为强调句型中的that)‎ ‎(2)强调句型与名词性从句的区别 ‎①It is exciting that we have succeeded in winning the final.(主语从句)‎ ‎ 我们成功地赢得了决赛实在令人兴奋。‎ ‎②It is not what he says but what he does that matters.‎ 重要的是他做了什么而不是说了什么。(强调句型)‎ 三、 省略 ‎1.状语从句中的省略 从句 条件 ‎ 省略情况 when，while, if，as if，although/though，as，until，once，whether，unless，where等引导 ‎(1)从句动词为be ‎(2)从句主语与主句的主语相同或为it 从句的主语和be可省略 When (I am) in trouble，I always turn to my classmates for help.‎ 遇到麻烦时，我总是向我的同班同学求助。‎ If (it is) possible，this machine can be fixed at once.‎ 可能的话，这部机器会马上维修。‎ ‎2.不定式的省略 单独使用不定式符号to代替不定式后被省略的动词，常用在be afraid，expect，forget，hope，intend，like,‎ ‎ love，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish等词后；或放在表情绪的词后，代替被省略的动词，常见词有：glad, happy，pleased等；但是，如果不定式中含有be，have, have been，则要保留be，have，have been。‎ I asked him to see the film, but he didn’t want to.‎ 我请他看电影，但他不想去。‎ ‎—Are you a sailor?‎ ‎——你是水手吗？‎ ‎—No.But I used to be.‎ ‎——不是，但我以前当过。‎ ‎3.常考的几个省略形式 if ever，if any，if not better/worse/taller...than等。‎ ‎1.(2019·南通泰州七市高三调研)It was announced that only after the candidates’ papers were collected ________ to leave the room.‎ A.had they been permitted B.would they be permitted C.that they would be permitted D.that they had been permitted 答案　B　[句意：据宣布只有在竞选者的论文都收集完毕后，他们才被允许离开这个房间。从句only after 后的主句用倒装，排除C、D，又表将来时态，故选B。]‎ ‎2.(2019·常州市高三英语监测)________ with heavy loads of teaching ________ he later became an easy target of the flu.‎ A.So tired was the teacher；that B.The teacher was so tired；which C.Tired as the teacher；that D.Such was the tired teacher；which 答案　A　[句意：教学任务不堪重负，这位老师很快就成了流感的易感人群。在so...that句型中，当“so＋形容词”位于句首时，要进行部分倒装，故A项正确。]‎ ‎3.(2019·扬州中学高三质量检测)For a moment nothing happened.Then ________ all shouting together.‎ A.voices had come B.came voices C.voices would come D.did voices come 答案　B　[副词then，away，out，in等位于句首，且主语是名词时，句子用全部倒装，故选B。]‎ ‎4.(2019·扬州中学高三测试)We considered him to be our friend, ________ did many others he cheated.‎ A.who B.so ‎ C.as D.which 答案　C　[句意：我们认为他是我们的朋友，那些被他欺骗过的人也这样认为。as表示“正如，也一样”，引导倒装句。故选C。]‎ ‎5.(2019·无锡市高三阶段性检测)The policeman told me that I had passed the driving test and never in my life ________ so happy and excited.‎ A.I felt B.did I feel C.I had felt D.had I felt 答案　D　[句意：警察告诉我驾驶考试过关了，生命中我从没有如此高兴和兴奋过。否定意义的词开头句子采用部分倒装，“感到高兴”应该是在“通过考试”之前，即“过去的过去”，所以要用过去完成时。]‎ ‎6.(2019·徐州市高三阶段性检测)—How is the test that you took yesterday?‎ ‎—Unfortunately, not even one of the hundred students who took the test ________ passed.‎ A.has B.have ‎ C.are D.is 答案　A　[句意：——你昨天的考试怎么样？——不幸的是，参加考试的100名学生中没有一个通过考试。结合句意可知句子用现在完成时态，句子主语是not even one，是单数第三人称形式，故答案为A。]‎ ‎7.(2019·如东中学高三测试)—How much do you know about your mother’s love?‎ ‎—To be honest, not until ________ for my 18th birthday, a diary recording the process of my growth ________ my mother loves me so much.‎ A.did I receive her gift；I realized B.I received her gift；did I realize C.I received her gift；had I realized D.did I received her gift；I had realized 答案　B　[句意：——你对你母亲的爱了解多少？——老实说，直到我收到她送给我的18岁生日礼物，一本记录我成长过程的日记，我才意识到我的母亲是那么爱我。当not until...位于句首时，其后的主句要用部分倒装，故B选项正确。]‎ ‎8.(2019·南通中学高三期中考试)________，we can take some measures to cut the losses to the minimum.‎ A.As earthquakes are difficult to predict B.Are as earthquakes difficult to predict C.Difficult are as earthquakes to predict D.Difficult as earthquakes are to predict 答案　D　[句意：尽管地震很难被预测，我们可以采取措施把地震造成的损失降至最低。as引导让步状语从句时要用倒装句，把表语(形容词或名词)，动词，副词提到as前面。故选D。]‎ ‎9.(2018·北京卷)In any unsafe situation, simply ________ the button and a highly-trained agent will get you the help you need.‎ A.press B.to press C.pressing D.pressed 答案　A　[句意：在任何不安全的情况下，只要按下按钮，一个训练有素的代理人就会给你需要的帮助。根据句子结构可知，此处为祈使句，所以用动词原形。]‎ ‎10.(2018·天津卷)It was only when the car pulled up in front of our house ________ we saw Lily in the passenger seat.‎ A.which B.that C.when D.where 答案　B　[去掉题干的It was和空处后，这个句子语法结构依然完整，表示“只有当汽车停在我家房前的时候，我们才看到乘客座位上的莉莉”，因此这是一个强调句式，被强调的是“only＋状语从句”，因此选B。]‎ ‎11.(2017·天津卷) Nowadays, cycling, along with jogging and swimming，________ as one of the best all-round forms of exercise.‎ A.regard B.is regarded C.are regarded D.regards 答案　B　[句意：现在，骑车同慢跑和游泳一样被认为是最好的全面的锻炼形式之一。along with连接并列主语的时候，谓语动词与along with前边的主语保持一致，故谓语动词应用单数第三人称，因此将A、C两项排除；同时，cycling与regard之间是被动关系，故选B项。be regarded as意为“被认为是……”。]‎ ‎12.(2017·天津卷)It was when I got back to my apartment ________ I first came across my new neighbors.‎ A.who B.where ‎ C.which D.that 答案　D　[句意：在我回到公寓的时候，我第一次遇到了我的新邻居。此处考查强调句型“It is/was＋强调部分＋that＋其他成分”，在强调句型中，除了强调人时可以用who外，其他的情况一律用that，此处强调的是时间状语，故应选D项。]‎ ‎13.(2015·湖南卷)Only after talking to two students ________ that having strong motivation is one of the biggest factors in reaching goals.‎ A.I did discover B.did I discover C.I discovered D.discovered I 答案　B　[句意：直到跟两个学生谈了话以后我才发现，有强烈的动机是达到目标的最重要的因素之一。only修饰after引导的时间状语，且位于句首，故句子需用部分倒装语序。]‎ ‎14.(2019·连云港、宿迁、徐州二模)Hearing Tianjin’s loud explosion，______ with nothing on her，avoiding being killed.‎ A.out did she rush B.out rushed she C.rushed she out D.out she rushed 答案　D　[句意：一听到天津大爆炸，为了避免被炸死，她身上什么也没有带，就冲出去了。当表示运动方向的副词或地点状语位于句首时，表示运动的谓语动词要用倒装结构。当主语是普通名词时，用完全倒装；当主语是代词时，用部分倒装。本句中“out”表示运动方向，主语she是代词，故选D。]‎ Ⅰ.单项填空 ‎1.(2019·常州市高三期末)—I spent a week in Xiamen last month.‎ ‎—Then you must have been overcharged for sea food many a time，________ you？This city is known for that.‎ A.mustn’t B.weren’t C.haven’t D.hadn’t 答案　B　[句意：——上个月我在厦门待了一周。——那你一定吃了不少海鲜，对吗？那座城市以海鲜闻名。last month表示过去的时间，must have been表示对过去的推断，故B项正确。]‎ ‎2.(2019·天津卷)The professor warned the students that on no account ________ use mobile phones in his class.‎ A.should they B.they should C.dare they D.they dare 答案　A　[句意：那位教授告诫这些学生，他们绝对不应该在他的课上使用手机。此处表示否定含义的介词短语on no account位于宾语从句句首，宾语从句要用部分倒装结构；情态动词should表示“理应，应该”，dare表示“胆敢，敢于”，因此选A。]‎ ‎3.(2019·扬州市高三期末)—________ makes your son feel blue today?‎ ‎—________ to watch his favourite cartoon Paw Patrol.‎ A.What it is that；To be forbidden B.What is that；Forbidden C.What is it that；Being forbidden D.That is what；Having forbidden 答案　C　[句意：——是什么让你儿子今天心情不好？——不让他看他最喜欢的卡通片《狗狗巡逻队》。分析句子结构可知，第一空为强调句型的特殊疑问句，即：疑问词What＋is it＋that＋其余部分；第二空为非谓语动词，作主语用动名词，且son与forbid之间是被动关系，所以用Being forbidden，故C项正确。]‎ ‎4.Never once ________ with each other since they got married 40 years ago.‎ A.did the old couple quarrel B.have the couple quarreled C.quarreled the couple D.would the couple quarrel 答案　B　[句意：那对老夫妻结婚40年了从没有吵过架。该题考查的是倒装句，题干中涉及的是否定副词never位于句首时的部分倒装，同时since引导时间状语从句时主句要使用现在完成时，故B项适合。]‎ ‎5.(2018·南京市、盐城市高三一模)Only since the Industrial Revolution ________ in places away from their homes or been left to raise small children without the help of multiple adults.‎ A.most people have worked B.have most people worked C.most people had worked D.had most people worked 答案　B　[句意：——只是自从工业革命以来，大多数人才在远离他们家乡的地方工作或被留下来养育小孩子而没有多个成年人的帮助。当“only＋状语”位于句首表示强调时，句子要用部分倒装；since “自从……以来”暗示句中的谓语动词应用现在完成时。故选B项。]‎ ‎6.Not only ________ five gold medals in a row，but they also have not lost a single game since the 1992 Olympics.‎ A.has the team won B.the team has won C.did the team win D.the team won 答案　A　[根据第二分句的时态可知，第一分句也应该用现在完成时；同时，not only放在句首，句子要用部分倒装。]‎ ‎7.(2018·江苏省苏北四市高三上学期联考)I am glad to find that on top of the mountain ________ from the time of the Roman Empire.‎ A.lies ancient ruins B.lie ancient ruins C.does ancient ruins lie D.do ancient ruins lie 答案　B　[表示方位的介词短语置于句首时，句子要全部倒装，由此可排除C、D两项；句子主语是复数名词ancient ruins，谓语动词应用复数，所以选B项。]‎ ‎8.We believe there is no independent scientific evidence that any Internet dating site is beneficial to matching people together，________？‎ A.is there B.do we C.don’t we D.isn’t there 答案　A　‎ ‎[本句中believe的主语是We，其后的简短问句的主语及谓语动词取决于从句，由此排除B、C两项；由于从句中有否定词no，所以简短问句要用肯定式。故A项正确。]‎ ‎9.(2018·镇江市高三一模)Anne lost her wallet and Mother wasn’t surprised that ________ as she was too careless.‎ A.she was so B.so was she C.so did she D.she did so 答案　D　[句意：安妮丢了钱包，(她的)妈妈对此毫不惊讶，因为她太粗心了。根据语境及句中的“Anne lost her wallet”可知，此处为省略句，do so常用来表示同一主语的同一动作，可以替代动词加宾语。故本句中谓语动词应用did so代替lost her wallet。故选D项。]‎ ‎10.(2019·苏锡常镇四市高三调研一)Years may wrinkle the skin，but it is to give up enthusiasm ________ wrinkles the soul.‎ A.who B.which ‎ C.that D.when 答案　C　[句意：岁月留痕，只及皮肤；激情不再，皱起心灵。本句由but连接的两个并列分句组成，第二个分句考查了强调句型“it is＋被强调部分＋that＋其他部分”，被强调的是to give up enthusiasm。]‎ ‎11.One has reason to believe that China’s anti-corruption over the past few years，________，has achieved inspiring progress.‎ A.tough as it is B.as tough as it is C.so tough it is D.as it is tough 答案　A　[句意：人们有理由相信，尽管在过去的几年里，中国的反腐工作很艰难，但是已经取得了鼓舞人心的进展。分析句子结构可知，本句中that引导的宾语从句是一个主从复合句，宾语从句中含有as “虽然，尽管”引导的让步状语从句，且该从句中的表语tough提前，句子用了倒装形式。]‎ ‎12.Ancient Indians moved from Asia to what is now the U.S.mainland thousands of years ago and not until the 16th century ________ to settle there.‎ A.Europeans began B.began Europeans C.did Europeans begin D.had Europeans begun 答案　C　[句意：古印第安人几千年前就从亚洲移居到了现在的美国大陆，直到16世纪欧洲人才开始在那里定居。当not ‎ until位于句首时，句子要部分倒装；再结合句中的“the 16th century”可知，应用一般过去时，故选C项。]‎ ‎13.The woman was a lady of strong mind and not once ________ her hope of surviving the earthquake in the darkness.‎ A.she has lost B.she lost C.did she lose D.lost she 答案　C　[句意：那位女士有坚强的意志，在黑暗中她一次也没有失去在地震中活下来的希望。根据句中的“not once”位于分句句首可知，此处应用部分倒装；句中的“was”暗示此处亦应用一般过去时，故选C。]‎ ‎14.(2019·兴化一中考前适应性练习)Up till now, there has been no scientific evidence about ________ caused the death of dinosaurs.‎ A.what is it that B.what it was that C.it was what D.what is it 答案　B　[句意：到目前为止，还没有科学证据证明是什么导致了恐龙的死亡。这里强调了恐龙灭绝的原因，即what，因此这是一个特殊疑问句的强调句型，强调句式后面要跟that，故可排除C、D两项；另外，由于这个强调句是作介词about的宾语从句，因此要用陈述句语序，故B项正确。]‎ ‎15.Never before ________ the first prize in my hands，but through sweat and determination the achievement was mine at last.‎ A.had I held B.I had held C.did I hold D.held I 答案　A　[句意：以前我从来没有得过一等奖，但是通过汗水和决心，成就最终是我的了。根据was可知此处描述的是发生在“过去的过去”的事情，应用过去完成时；never是表示否定意义的副词，置于句首时，句子需部分倒装。故选A。]‎ Ⅱ.阅读理解 A ‎(2019·江苏省昆山中学高三一模)‎ Mobile phone users in China expected a pleasant surprise this month.Starting from October 1, a new policy adopted by the three giant cell phone operators—China Mobile, China Telecom and China Unicom—has allowed unused data from individual data packages to be carried over to the next month for use.‎ At the beginning, users of the three telecommunication companies welcomed this ‎ policy, since they would have more free data to use in the next month.However, even before Chinese users could enjoy the free extra package, the users found that since the adoption of the policy, the original data limits seem to be far more easily swallowed up, which means there wouldn’t be any unused data left for the next month.One user of China Unicom claimed that it took him only nine days to use up the data package of a month.‎ Telecoms have become a necessity in modern life like water or power, and raising or lowering costs significantly affects people’s lives and finances.But disagreements between consumers and service providers cover discussion.It is too early to judge how long the disagreement between telecommunication companies and consumers over data packages will last, since, according to media reports, the measurement of data usage is difficult to track.Companies are using “user privacy” to avoid giving out any information.‎ But reading through the companies posted online by cell phone users, we can sense the public’s distrust of Stated-owned enterprises (SOEs).A survey done by the people’s Tribune Research Center in 2012 found that the public’s negative impression of SOEs came from the belief that they only rely on government support and their employees usually do easy jobs but get higher pay, yet their sense of service is far behind private and foreign enterprises.‎ The current argument over the data package of three State-owned telecommunication giants reflects the extent of public anger.Among the country’s anti-corruption campaign (反腐败运动) and reforms, it shows the public’s enthusiasm for deepening reforms and making SOEs benefit domestic consumers.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇新闻报道。中国三大手机运营商——中国移动、中国电信和中国联通——采取了一项新政策，允许个人数据包中未使用的数据结转到下个月使用。目前围绕三大国有电信巨头数据包的争论反映了公众的愤怒程度。‎ ‎1.The attitude of the users towards the new policy of the three telecommunication companies at the beginning can be best described as ________.‎ A.indifferent B.opposed C.positive D.disappointed 答案　C　[细节理解题。根据第二段中第一句可知，用户对这三家电信公司的新政策在开始时的态度可以说是积极的。故选C。]‎ ‎2.What is the result of the new policy adopted by the three telecommunication ‎ companies?‎ A.Chinese phone users are allowed to send their unused data to their friends.‎ B.Chinese phone users are presented with much cheaper individual data packages.‎ C.Chinese phone users have no need to buy individual data packages.‎ D.Chinese phone users consume the data much sooner than expected.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第二段中However, even before Chinese users could enjoy...for the next month.可知，这三家电信公司采取的新政策的结果是“中国手机用户使用这些数据的速度远远快于预期。”故选D。]‎ ‎3.Which of the following is NOT the public’s impression of SOEs?‎ A.SOEs are supported by the government to a large extent.‎ B.SOEs have benefited domestic consumers effectively.‎ C.SOEs’ employees don’t deserve the high pay.‎ D.SOEs’ service is worse than private and foreign enterprises.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第四段中Research Center in 2012 found that...and foreign enterprises.可知，A、C、D项是公众对国企的印象，B项文中未提及。故选B。]‎ ‎4.The last paragraph most probably implies that ________.‎ A.the public are not satisfied with the reforms at present B.the public do not care about the country’s reforms C.the public think highly of the anti-corruption campaign D.the public are confident about the reform of SOEs 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据最后一段The current argument over...and making SOEs benefit domestic consumers.可知，目前围绕三大国有电信巨头数据包的争论反映了公众的愤怒程度。在中国的反腐运动和改革中，它显示了公众对深化改革、让国有企业惠及国内消费者的热情。最后一段暗示了公众对目前的改革不满意。故选A。]‎ B ‎(2019·无锡市普通高中教学质量抽测)‎ Stars blazed(猛烈地燃烧) in the sky above Spook like a million tiny suns.They shone through the mists, which had during the last year become thinner and weaker.At first, he had thought the world itself was changing.Then he had realized that it was just his feeling.Somehow, by burning tin in his body for so long, he had permanently ‎ strengthened his senses to a point far beyond what other Allomancers could attain.‎ The burned tin had begun as a reaction to Clubs’s death.Spook still felt terrible about the way he’d escaped, leaving his uncle to die.During those first few weeks, Spook had burned his metals as almost a self-punishment he’d wanted to feel everything around him, take it all in, even though it was painful, or perhaps because it was painful.‎ But then he’d started to change, and that had worried him.But, the crew always talked about how hard Vin pushed herself.She rarely slept, using pewter(白镴)to keep herself awake and alert.Spook didn’t know how that worked he was no Mistborn, and could only burn one metal but he figured that if burning his one metal could give him an advantage, he’d better take it, because they were going to need every advantage they could get.‎ The starlight was like daylight to him.During the actual day, he had to wear a cloth tied across his eyes to protect them, and even then going outside was sometimes blinding.His skin had become so sensitive that each little stone in the ground felt like a knife jabbing(猛刺)him through the bottom of his feet.The cold spring air seemed freezing, and he wore a thick cloak(斗篷).‎ However, he had concluded that these discomforts were small prices to pay for the opportunity to become whatever it was he had become.As he moved down the street, he could hear people turning over and over in their beds, even through their walls.He could sense a footstep from yards away.He could see on a dark night as no other human ever had.‎ ‎①________.Always before, he’d been the least important member of the crew the dismissible boy who served as a handy man or kept watch while the others made plans.He didn’t feel annoyed with them for that he’d been right to give him such simple duties.②________.Because of his street dialect, he’d been difficult to understand, and while all the other members of the crew had been carefully picked, Spook had joined through the back door since he was Clubs’s nephew.‎ Spook sighed, sticking his hands in his trouser pockets as he walked down the too-bright street.He could feel each and every thread of the cloth.‎ Dangerous things were happening he knew that：the way the mists lasted longer during the day, the way the ground shook as if it were a sleeping man, periodically(周期性地)suffering a terrible dream.Spook worried he wouldn’t be of much help in the ‎ critical days to come.A little over a year before, his uncle had died after Spook fled the city.Spook had run out of fear, but also out of a knowledge of his lack of power.③________.He wouldn’t have been able to help during the campaign.‎ He didn’t want to be in that position again.He wanted to be able to help, somehow.He wouldn’t run into the woods, hiding while the world ended around him.He was sent to gather as much information as he could about the Citizen and his government there, and so Spook intended to do his best.If that meant pushing his body beyond what was safe, so be it.‎ He approached a large crossing.He looked both ways down the intersecting(交叉的) streets the view clear as day to his eyes.I may not be Mistborn, and I may not be emperor, he thought.But I’m something.Something new.Something people would be proud of.Maybe this time I can help.④________.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是一个意志坚强、杰出的Allomancer——Spook。他认为世界本身正在发生变化。然后他意识到这只是他的感觉。不知怎么的，通过在体内燃烧锡这么长时间，他永久性地增强了自己的感觉，这远远超出了其他巫师所能达到的程度。‎ ‎5.What is the real “change” according to Paragraph 1?‎ A.The thinner and weaker mists.‎ B.The changing world.‎ C.Spook’s sensitive feeling.‎ D.Allomancers’ strengthened senses.‎ 答案　C　[推理判断题。根据第一段中At first, he had thought...was just his feeling.可知，真正的“改变”是Spook的敏感的感觉。故选C。]‎ ‎6.Why on earth did Spook start burning tin?‎ A.To make himself strong.‎ B.To erase an emotional debt.‎ C.To show his honor to Vin.‎ D.To feel pain of his uncle.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第二段中During those first few weeks, Spook had burned...or perhaps because it was painful.可知，Spook之所以开始烧锡是为了消除感情上的负担。故选B。]‎ ‎7.What does the example of Vin serve as in Paragraph 3?‎ A.A reminder of Spook’s own pain.‎ B.An encouragement to Spook’s persistence.‎ C.A comparison for Spook’s burning metal.‎ D.An implication of Spook’s own change.‎ 答案　B　[推理判断题。根据第三段中But then he’d started to change...to keep herself awake and alert.可知，在第三段中Vin的例子是对Spook坚持不懈的鼓励。故选B。]‎ ‎8.What discomforts was Spook suffering when moving down the street?‎ ‎①The shining daylight that almost made him blind.‎ ‎②The little stones that jabbed him like a knife.‎ ‎③The cold spring air that seemed freezing.‎ ‎④The sleepless people that turned over and over in their beds.‎ ‎⑤The awakened awareness of being unimportant when keeping watch.‎ ‎⑥His street dialect that made him hard to understand.‎ A.②③ B.①②③‎ C.②③④⑥ D.①②③④⑤⑥‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第四段中His skin had become so...and he wore a thick cloak(斗篷).(他的皮肤变得非常敏感，地上的每一块小石头都像刀子一样刺穿他的脚底。春天的冷空气似乎很冷，他穿着一件厚斗篷。)可知，选A。]‎ ‎9.Where can the following sentence most probably be?‎ ‎“Perhaps he’d find a way to become useful to the others.”‎ A.① B.② ‎ C.③ D.④‎ 答案　A　[推理判断题。根据第六段第二句(在此之前，他一直是员工中最不重要的一员，这个不受欢迎的男孩要么是个勤杂工，要么在其他人制定计划的时候值班。)可知，“Perhaps he’d find a way to become useful to the others.” (也许他会找到一种对别人有用的方法。)放在①的位置最合适。故选A。]‎ ‎10.What can we learn about Spook from the article?‎ A.He’s guilty and weak as a nephew of the great Clubs.‎ B.He’s a carefully-picked and most powerful member of the crew.‎ C.He’s a proud and self-sacrificing handy man of the crew.‎ D.He’s a strong-willed and outstanding Allomancer.‎ 答案　D　[推理判断题。根据第一段可知，Spook是一个意志坚强、杰出的Allomancer。故选D。]‎ Ⅲ.任务型阅读 ‎(2019·南通市高三第二次调研)‎ One of the primary problems of being a human being is ：Try as you might to come across in a certain way to others, people often perceive(感知，理解) you in an altogether different way.‎ One person may think, for example, that by offering help to a colleague, she is coming across as generous.But her colleague may interpret her offer as a lack of faith in his abilities.Just as he misunderstands her, she misunderstands him：She offered him help because she thought he was overworked and stressed.He has, after all, been showing up early to work and going home late every day.But that’s not why he’s keeping strange hours；he just works best when the office is less crowded.‎ These kinds of misunderstandings lead to conflict and resentment(怨恨) not just at work, but at home too.How many fights between couples have started with one person misinterpreting what another says and does? He stares at his plate at dinner while she’s telling a story and she assumes he doesn’t care about what she’s saying, when really he is admiring the beautiful meal she made.‎ Most of the time, Halvorson says, people don’t realize they are not coming across the way they think they are.“If I ask you，” Halvorson told me, “about how you see yourself—what traits(特点) you would say describe you—and I ask someone who knows you well to list your traits, there’s a big gap between how other people see us and how we see ourselves.”‎ This gap arises from some quirks(习惯) of human psychology.Most people suffer from what psychologists call “the transparency illusion”—the belief that what they feel, desire, and intend is crystal clear to others, even though they have done very little to communicate clearly what is going on inside their minds.‎ Because the perceived assume they are transparent, they might not spend the time or effort to be as clear and forthcoming about their intentions or emotional states as they could be, giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.The perceiver, meanwhile, is dealing with two powerful psychological ‎ forces that are warping(歪曲) his ability to read others accurately.‎ Chances are that you “I’m kind of hurt by what you just said” face probably looks an awful lot like your “I’m not at all hurt by what you just said” face.And the majority of times that you’ve said to yourself, “I made my intentions clear，” or “He knows what I meant，” you didn’t and he doesn’t.‎ Passage outline Supporting details A primary problem People’s understanding of your behavior often (1)____________ your original intention.‎ Typical (2)____________‎ ‎◆A colleague may feel you don’t (3)____________ him to work well when you offer generous help.‎ ‎◆You think your colleague overworks, but he believes he can be more (4)____________ when left alone at office after work.‎ ‎◆A wife may feel angry about her husband being absent-minded while she is telling a story at dinner, but actually his (5)____________ is on what she has cooked.‎ ‎(6)____________ of the problem ‎◆ Most of the time, people don’t realize the problem.‎ ‎◆ Your (7)____________ of your traits is quite different from how others see you.‎ ‎◆ Most people believe others know them well, so they tend to ignore the clear (8)____________ of what is going on inside their minds.‎ ‎◆ Without enough information about the perceived, the perceiver often (9)____________ to make an accurate judgment.‎ Conclusion ‎◆ It is likely that there is a (10)____________ between what you think you are and what others think you are.‎ ‎【语篇解读】　本文为议论文。作为一个人，最主要的问题之一就是：尽管你可能会以一种特定的方式让别人看待你，但人们通常会以一种完全不同的方式来看待你。文章论述了这一现象。‎ ‎1.contradicts　[第一段中提到了人们对你的看法和你对你自己的看法完全不一样。与文中in an altogether different ‎ way.意思一致，此处需要及物动词，contradict是最为合适的。故填contradicts。]‎ ‎2.examples　[这是一个上位词，表格的另一端的colleague, wife 都是论证核心论点的案例，而且typical example(s) 是一个固定搭配，表示典型案例。故填examples。]‎ ‎3.trust　[这是一个同义替换，第二段第二句出现了核心短语，a lack of faith in his abilities, a lack of faith 与not trust sb to do sth 同义替换。故填trust。]‎ ‎4.efficient/productive　[这是一个同义替换，在第二段的最后一句话，he just works best when the office is less crowded.所以他觉得自己在办公室人少的时候工作效率是最高的，这是一个场景词，不可以用best所以是efficient/productive。故填efficient/productive。]‎ ‎5.attention/focus/concentration/mind　[此处又是一个同义替换和固定搭配的结合体，答案在第三段的最后一句话，he is admiring the beautiful meals she made.所以丈夫的心思聚焦于老婆的完美厨艺，也就是his attention/focus/concentration/mind is on sth。故填attention/focus/concentration/mind。]‎ ‎6.Analysis/Analyses/Explanation(s)　[这是对这个认知差距的分析，这是一个总结概括词， 后面内容是对问题的分析或解释。2018年的高考任务型也出现过这个词，2015年的任务型出现过explanation，所以可以用analyses/analysis/explanation。故填Analysis/Analyses/Explanation(s)。]‎ ‎7.description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension　[这是一个总结概括，答案在第四段第二句，what traits(特点) you would say describe you。此处指“你对自己特点的描述”。describe 词性转换变成了description, account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension 也可以。故填description/account/understanding/recognition/knowledge/comprehension。]‎ ‎8.communication　[这是一个词性转换，第五段最后一句话有communicate clearly，可被转换为clear communication。故填communication。]‎ ‎9.fails　[这是一种高考常用的正话反说，答案出现在第六段，原文说giving the perceiver very little information with which to make an accurate judgment.也就是因为所给的信息太少，以至于不能作出准确判断。“不能”用fails to。故填fails。]‎ ‎10.gap/distance/difference/distinction　[这篇文章采用了首尾呼应，第一段出现了in an altogether different way，最后一段出现了you didn’t and he doesn’‎ t，所以你传达的信息和接收者接收到的讯息存在着巨大的差异，差异用gap或者difference或者distinction。故填gap/distance/difference/distinction。]‎